Arecibo Telescope - Knowledge

1173:. It was unclear if the cable failure was caused by Isaias. Former Arecibo Observatory director Robert Kerr stated that prior to the 1997 installation of the Gregorian dome, the main support cables and support towers had been engineered with a safety factor of two, as to be able to sustain twice the weight of the platform. When the dome was added in 1997, the auxiliary cables were intended to retain the safety factor of two once all design factors were considered, but Kerr believed that that was never the case as evenly distributing the loads following that install would be difficult to do. Kerr also stated that there had been periods of neglect at the Observatory, during which the fans that were used to blow dry air along the wire bundles were not operating. The earlier storms would have brought seawater to the cables which could accelerate the rate of corrosion as well, according to Kerr. Engineering firms hired by UCF inspected the socket area where the cable had failed, and found a similar problem that had been observed in the 1980s during a routine cable replacement, in which the use of molten zinc to affix the cable to the socket mount at the tower was not complete, allowing moisture to get into the wire bundle and cause corrosion and leading to the cable slipping from its socket. The firms had developed models of the telescope that showed that the safety factor for Tower 4 had dropped to 1.67, believing that the structure was still safe while repairs could be effected, even if another cable collapsed. Plans were made to replace all six auxiliary cables since their socket welds were all considered suspect at a cost of 1193:

while hovering above the telescope, were proposed but deemed too risky. Engineers from UCF had been monitoring the telescope and observed that wires in the backstay cables for the support towers had been breaking at a rate of one or two a day, and estimated that the telescope would soon collapse. In the weekend prior to December 1, 2020, wire strands in the receiver's supporting cables had also been snapping apart at a rapid rate, according to Ángel Vázquez, the director of operations. This culminated in the collapse of the receiver platform at around 6:55 a.m. AST (10:55 UTC) on December 1, 2020, as the second main cable from Tower 4 failed with the other two remaining support cables failing moments later. The collapse of the receiver structure and cables onto the dish caused extensive additional damage. As the receiver fell, it also sheared the tips of the towers which the support cables ran through. Once the main cables from Tower 4 released, the backstay cables, which normally balanced the horizontal component of force from the main cables, pulled the tower outwards and broke off the top. The other two towers, once the force of supporting the platform was released, also had their tips sheared off due to the backstay cable tension. The top of Tower 12 caused some structural damage to other buildings on the observatory as it fell. No injuries from the collapse were reported.

1185:, and the engineering firms they had hired previously evaluated the remaining cables from Tower 4. One engineering firm proposed stabilization efforts, while another suggested that they try to sever parts of the instrument platform such as the Gregorian dome to reduce the load. The third firm made the determination that there was no way to safely repair the damage at this point, as the remaining cables could be suspect, and furthermore that a controlled decommissioning of the telescope was the only effective means to avoid catastrophic failure which would threaten the other buildings on campus. The NSF took this advice and made the announcement on November 19, 2020 that they would decommission Arecibo over the following few weeks after determining the safest route to do so with a safety exclusion zone immediately put in place. NSF's Sean Jones stated, "This decision is not an easy one for NSF to make, but safety of people is our number one priority." The 1619:, in which radio signals aimed at the Moon are reflected back to Earth. The first of these operations was on June 13–14, 1964, using the call sign KP4BPZ. A dozen or so two-way contacts were made on 144 and 432 MHz. On July 3 and 24, 1965, KP4BPZ was again activated on 432 MHz, making approximately 30 contacts on 432 MHz during the limited time slots available. For these tests, a very wide-band instrumentation recorder captured a large segment of the receiving bandwidth, enabling later verification of other amateur station call signs. These were not two-way contacts. From April 16–18, 2010, the Arecibo Amateur Radio Club KP4AO again conducted moon-bounce activity using the antenna. On November 10, 2013, the KP4AO Arecibo Amateur Radio Club conducted a Fifty-Year Commemoration Activation, lasting seven hours on 14.250 MHz SSB, without using the main dish antenna. 1014: 718: 366: 612: 751: 743: 1295:, the NSF sent a report to Congress in March 2022 "on the causes and extent of the damage, the plan to remove debris in a safe and environmentally sound way, the preservation of the associated facilities and surrounding areas, and the process for determining whether to establish comparable technology at the site, along with any associated cost estimates". On March 25, 2022, a survey salvage committee formed by UCF and the NSF issued a final report, identifying materials from the site that may be salvaged for their "historic importance or scientific utility." 6920: 353: 332: 317: 304: 291: 278: 264: 186: 172: 155: 97: 79: 54: 1270: 1139: 38: 1003:, giving Arecibo more flexibility. The additional instrumentation added 270-tonne (300-short-ton) to the platform, so six additional support cables were added, two for each tower. A metal mesh screen was also installed around the perimeter to block the ground's thermal radiation from reaching the feed antennas. As part of this upgrade the power of the 2380 MHz transmitter was doubled to 1 MW by adding a second Klystron tube and improving the design. Finally, in 2013 with a grant of 6931: 6417: 1337: 7960: 7984: 6427: 453: 7936: 373: 7972: 1202: 7948: 1243: 971:, and Constantine Michalos) against the United States and (b) in consideration of the sum of $ 10,000 to be paid by the United States Government to the plaintiff, the plaintiffs grants to the United States Government an irrevocable, fully-paid, non-exclusive license under the aforesaid U.S. Patent No. 3, 273, 156 to Cornell University.” 1223: 1314:

telescopes themselves would be fixed, the plate(s) would be able to be rotated more than 45° off the horizontal in any direction. This would allow the new instrument to have 500 times the field of view of the original Arecibo Telescope, and be twice as sensitive with four times the radar power. It was expected this would cost roughly

1162:, came forward to supply funding in February 2018 to allow the NSF to reduce its contribution towards Arecibo's operating costs from $ 8 million to $ 2 million from the fiscal year 2022–2023, thus securing the observatory's future. With this, the UCF consortium were named the new operators of the observatory in 2018. 1288:, then governor of Puerto Rico signed an executive order for $ 8 million for the removal of debris and for the design of a new observatory to be built in its place. The governor stated reconstruction of the observatory is a "matter of public policy". The executive order also designated the area as a history site. 2750: 1038:

the Astronomical Sciences division commissioned a "Senior Review" of its facilities to deal with its increasingly constrained budget. The Senior Review report released in November 2006 "regretfully" recommended substantially decreased astronomy funding for the Arecibo Observatory, beginning with a cut to

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An early plan developed by NSF scientists suggest one possible replacement called the Next Generation Arecibo Telescope, using 1000 closely-packed 9-meter (30 ft) telescopes mounted on one or more flat plate(s) that would cover the 300-meter (980 ft) width of the Arecibo sinkhole. While the

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Academics and researchers responded by organizing to protect and advocate for the observatory. They established the Arecibo Science Advocacy Partnership (ASAP) in 2008, to advance the scientific excellence of Arecibo Observatory research and to publicize its accomplishments in astronomy, aeronomy and

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In 2002, after several years of discussion, the US Congress passed a bill to double the NSF budget, and instructed the NSF to begin new projects. As a result, the NSF began committing to major projects. However, the funding increase never arrived and the NSF was left with the new commitments. In 2005

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On August 10, 2020, an auxiliary platform support cable separated from Tower 4, causing damage to the telescope, including a 100 ft (30 m) gash in the reflector dish. Damage included six to eight panels in the Gregorian dome, and to the platform used to access the dome. No one was reported

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caused the 430 MHz line feed to break and fall onto the primary dish, damaging roughly 30 of the 38,000 aluminum panels. Most Arecibo observations did not use the line feed but instead relied on the feeds and receivers located in the dome. Overall, the damage inflicted by Maria was minimal, but

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The Astronomical Sciences and Atmospheric Sciences divisions of the NSF had financially supported Arecibo since its completion in the 1970s, with incremental support by NASA, for operating the planetary radar. In 2001 NASA announced a rampdown and elimination of its support of the planetary radar by

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at the RFP meeting on December 10, 1959, were not referenced in Cooke's editorial response. The originators of this proposal subsequently filed a dispute, originally for $ 1.2 million but was settled for $ 10,000 because "the defense in a court trial would cost far more than the $ 10,000 for which

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moving along a spherical surface 133 metres (435 ft) above the stationary reflector. The RFP suggested a tripod or a tower in the center to support the feed. On the day the project for the design and construction of the antenna was announced at Cornell University, Gordon had also envisioned a

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towers (six cables per tower), one 111 m (365 ft) high and the other two 81 m (265 ft) high, placing their tops at the same elevation. Each main cable was a 8 cm (3.1 in) diameter bundle containing 160 wires, with the bundle painted over and dry air continuously blown

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detected bursts of radio emission from the T6.5 brown dwarf 2MASS J10475385+2124234. This was the first time that radio emission had been detected from a T dwarf, which has methane absorption lines in its atmosphere. It is also the coolest brown dwarf (at a temperature of ~900K) from which radio

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While waiting for NSF to make the decommissioning plans, steps had been taken to try to reduce the load that each of the towers were carrying, including reducing the strain on the backstay support cables for the individual towers. Other plans, such as having helicopters hoisting part of the load

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The dish remained stationary, while receivers and transmitters were moved to the proper focal point of the telescope to aim at the desired target. As a spherical mirror, the reflector's focus was along a line rather than at one point. As a result, complex line feeds were implemented to carry out

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Booth, John A.; Wolf, Marsha J.; Fowler, James R.; Adams, Mark T.; Good, John M.; Kelton, Philip W.; Barker, Edwin S.; Palunas, Povilas; Bash, Frank N.; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Hill, Gary J.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Cornell, Mark E.; Robinson, Edward L. (2003). "The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Completion

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facility remaining operational. Before it could be decommissioned, several of the remaining support cables suffered a critical failure and the support structure, antenna, and dome assembly all fell into the dish at 7:55 a.m. local time on December 1, 2020, destroying the telescope. The NSF

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in 2017 and was affected by earthquakes in 2019 and 2020. Two cable breaks, one in August 2020 and a second in November 2020, threatened the structural integrity of the support structure for the suspended platform and damaged the dish. Due to uncertainty over the remaining strength of the other

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on October 1, 1969, and subsequent renaming of the AIO to the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) in September 1971. Initially, when the maximum expected operating frequency was about 500 MHz, the surface consisted of half-inch galvanized wire mesh laid directly on the support

950:). Cooke stated that Doundoulakis used an incorrect feed/paraxial surface measurement. However, the measurement Cooke used was from Doundoulakis’ patent issued in 1966, and not from the 1959 RFP meetings which predated the patent by seven years. Furthermore, proposal measurements presented by 858:

in and through the upper atmosphere. Cornell University proposed the project to ARPA in mid-1958 and a contract was signed between the AFCRL and the University in November 1959. Cornell University and Zachary Sears published a request for proposals (RFP) asking for a design to support a

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waves, and it appeared that a warhead's signature would be different enough from decoys that a detector could pick out the warhead directly, or alternately, provide added information that would allow operators to focus a conventional tracking radar on the single return from the warhead.

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on the effect of disassembling the unit. The NSF continued to indicate it would like to reduce funding to the Observatory in the short term. As in 2008, academics expressed their concern over the loss of scientific discoveries that could occur should the Observatory be shut down.

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that offered perfect cavities for a very large dish. Originally, a fixed parabolic reflector was envisioned, pointing in a fixed direction with a 150 m (492 ft) tower to hold equipment at the focus. This design would have limited its use in other research areas, such as

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measuring 10–45 MHz. A limited number of line feeds could be used at any one time, limiting the telescope's flexibility. The receiver was on an 820-tonne (900-short-ton) platform suspended 150 m (492 ft) above the dish by 18 main cables running from three

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arm rotated beneath it. To the right was the Gregorian sub-reflector, and to the left was the remains of the 96-foot-long (29 m) line feed tuned to 430 MHz (destroyed by Hurricane Maria). Also to the right was the catwalk and part of the rectangular

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suspension system which was finally adopted. The final configuration was substantially the same as in the original drawings by George and Helias Doundoulakis, although with three towers, instead of the four drawn in the patent, which was granted to

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Before repairs could be started, on November 7, 2020, one of the two main support cables from Tower 4 snapped, shattering part of the dish itself as it fell. The UCF engineering staff, which had been monitoring the cables with support from the

1227: 3634: 1532:(SETI) is the search for extraterrestrial life or advanced technologies. SETI aims to answer the question "Are we alone in the Universe?" by scanning the skies for transmissions from intelligent civilizations elsewhere in our galaxy. 890:. George Doundoulakis identified the problem that a tower or tripod would have presented around the center, (the most important area of the reflector), and devised a better design by suspending the feed. He presented his proposal to 3972:

One of the world's most prominent astronomical observatories has a hole. On Monday, a 3-inch-thick cable at the Arecibo Observatory broke, tearing a gash 100 feet long in the reflector dish of the 20-acre radio telescope in Puerto

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it further clouded the observatory's future. Restoring all the previous capabilities required more than the observatory's already-threatened operating budget, and users feared the decision would be made to decommission it instead.

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Construction began in mid-1960, with the telescope operational about three years later. The telescope's and the supporting observatory's official opening as the Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory (AIO) was held on November 1, 1963.

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cables supporting the suspended structure, and the risk of collapse owing to further failures making repairs dangerous, the NSF announced on November 19, 2020, that the telescope would be decommissioned and dismantled, with the

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was installed in 1997, incorporating secondary and tertiary reflectors to focus radio waves at one point. This allowed installing a suite of receivers, covering the full 1–10 GHz range, that could be easily moved to the

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in bonds were issued by the government of Puerto Rico to fund the Observatory, which were used to modernize power generation and improve other aging infrastructure. Academics, media and influential politicians pressured the

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completed last November. Its $ 200 million astronomy division, increasingly committed to ambitious new projects, but long hobbled by flat Congressional budgets, was facing a deficit of at least $ 30 million by

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Although the concept appeared to offer a solution to the tracking problem, there was almost no information on either the physics of re-entry or a strong understanding of the normal composition of the upper layers of the

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While the Observatory continued to operate under the reduced NSF budget and NASA funds, NSF signaled in 2015 and 2016 that it was looking towards potential decommissioning of the Observatory by initiating

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Collapse of Arecibo radio telescope captured from the control tower (Tower 12) camera. Tower 4 can be seen in the background, while the top of Tower 12 appears rolling in front of the camera later in the

3601: 1205: 646:. The dish surface was made of 38,778 perforated aluminum panels, each about 3 by 7 feet (1 by 2 m), supported by a mesh of steel cables. The ground beneath supported shade-tolerant vegetation. 3416: 3000: 910:, was to be suspended below, which would rotate on the rails through 360 degrees. The arc also had rails on which the unit supporting the feed would move for the feed's elevational positioning. A 994:

cables. In 1973, a high-precision surface consisting of 38,000 individually adjustable aluminum panels replaced the old wire mesh, and the highest usable frequency rose to about 5000 MHz. A

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of data that the telescope had captured since opening in the 1960s by May 2021 before further harm could come to the storage equipment. The data was relocated to the school's servers at the

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The Arecibo Salvage Survey committee preserved some parts of the telescope, including parts of the zenith and azimuth tracks, a corner of the platform, the rotary joint, and the cable car.

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arm, carrying the receiving antennas and secondary and tertiary reflectors. This allowed the telescope to observe any region of the sky in a forty-degree cone of visibility about the local

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Several hurricanes and storms over the 2010s had raised the concerns of structural engineers over the stability of the observatory. On September 21, 2017, high winds associated with

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The NSF reduced its funding commitment to the observatory from 2006, leading academics to push for additional funding support to continue its programs. The telescope was damaged by

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Nicholson, Philip D.; French, Richard G.; Campbell, Donald B.; Margot, Jean-Luc; Nolan, Michael C.; Black, Gregory J.; Salo, Heikki J. (2005). "Radar imaging of Saturn's rings".

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Arecibo's budget from NSF continued to wane in the following years. Starting in FY2010, NASA restored its historical support by contributing $ 2.0 million per year for

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would cause unique physical signatures while still in the upper atmosphere. It was known that hot, high-speed objects caused ionization of the atmosphere that reflects

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would move symmetrically opposite to the feed for stability and, if a hurricane struck, the whole feed could be raised and lowered. Helias Doundoulakis designed the

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and atmospheric science, which require the ability to point at different positions in the sky and track those positions for an extended time as the Earth rotates.

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The telescope's unique and futuristic design led to several appearances in film, gaming and television productions, such as for the climactic fight scene in the

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featured the radio telescope at Arecibo Observatory to represent the search for extraterrestrial life. The next year, Chiang published a novelette also called

510:. Completed in November 1963, the Arecibo Telescope was the world's largest single-aperture telescope for 53 years, until it was surpassed in July 2016 by the 5251: 3855: 7888: 6804: 6753: 6708: 6608: 5071: 807:, while Arecibo started with the dual purpose of understanding the ionosphere's F-layer while also producing a general-purpose scientific radio observatory. 3591: 1835: 3408: 3082: 2748:, Helias Doundoulakis, "Radio Telescope having a scanning feed supported by a cable suspension over a stationary reflector", issued 1966-09-13 8019: 6516: 6501: 703:

allowed the Arecibo telescope to view the planets in the Solar System over the northern half of their orbit. The round trip light time to objects beyond

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NSF decided in October 2022 that the Arecibo site would not be used for a new telescope, instead converting the site to be a STEM educational center.

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through to prevent corrosion due to the humid tropic climate. The platform had a rotating, bow-shaped track 93 m (305 ft) long, called the

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Harmon, J. K.; Slade, M. A.; Vélez, R. A.; Crespo, A.; Dryer, M. J.; Johnson, J. M. (May 1994). "Radar mapping of Mercury's polar anomalies".

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Due to its unique shape and concept, the telescope had been featured in many contemporary works. It serves as one of the central locations in

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would be a serious problem at the long ranges needed to successfully attack a warhead, ranges on the order of 1,600 km (1,000 mi).

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Panoramic view of the Arecibo radio telescope primary dish in June 2019. The HF transmitting antennas can be seen at the base of the dish.

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the case was settled," and accordingly, on April 11, 1975, Doundoulakis v. U.S. (Case 412-72) had been ruled in plaintiff's favor by the

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in 2011. The report further stated that if other sources of funding could not be found, closure of the Observatory was recommended.

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The idea of a spherical reflecting mirror with a steerable secondary has since been used in optical telescopes, in particular, the

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was not selected as it did not meet specifications, according to an editorial response by Donald Cooke (Cornell's spokesperson) to

538: 426: 3952:"A broken cable smashed a hole 100 feet wide in the Arecibo Observatory, which searches for aliens and tracks dangerous asteroids" 1685:, while set in China, is based on the distinctive layout of the Arecibo Telescope. In 2014, a video art installation piece titled 854:, where one group headed by Phil Blacksmith was working on spherical reflectors and another group was studying the propagation of 8054: 7640: 7410: 6496: 5277: 5252:"Research rockets, including an experiment from Cornell, are scheduled for launch into the ionosphere next year from Puerto Rico" 3951: 3565: 1763: 1106: 803:. ARPA began to address both simultaneously. To better understand the radar returns from a warhead, several radars were built on 407: 17: 3539: 1465:

emission has been observed. The highly polarized and highly energetic radio bursts indicated that the object has a >1.7

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At the Arecibo Observatory, a mix of shade-tolerant species have colonized the area beneath the 305-meter radio telescope dish.

1616: 4908: 2650: 1976: 541:(SETI). Scientists wanting to use the observatory submitted proposals that were evaluated by independent scientific referees. 7311: 6097: 5819: 3307: 2931: 2545: 2486: 1292: 1159: 1110: 960: 2948: 2138:"A Search for Technosignatures from 14 Planetary Systems in the Kepler Field with the Green Bank Telescope at 1.15–1.73 GHz" 8044: 7263: 7248: 7008: 6472: 6073: 5967: 5041: 3383: 2090: 878:, along with Zachary Sears, who directed Internal Design at Digital B & E Corporation, New York, received the RFP from 583: 5188: 3562:"Dear Colleague Letter: Intent to Release a Solicitation Regarding Future Continued Operations of the Arecibo Observatory" 1236:

Collapse of the Arecibo telescope from the vantage point of a drone initially monitoring the cables at the top of Tower 4.

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discovered. In 1994, John Harmon used the Arecibo Radio Telescope to map the distribution of ice in the polar regions of

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Since its construction, the telescope was upgraded several times, following the facility's oversight from the DoD to the

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Backer, D. C.; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Heiles, Carl; Davis, M. M.; Goss, W. M. (December 1982). "A millisecond pulsar".

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DARPA Technical Accomplishments Volume II: A Historical Review Of Selected DARPA Projects, April 1991, Section I: PRESS

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Witze, Alexandra (14 October 2022). "Renowned Arecibo telescope won't be rebuilt — and astronomers are heartbroken".

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Goldsmith, P. F.; Baker, L. A.; Davis, M. M.; Giovanelli, R. (1995). "Multi-feed Systems for the Arecibo Gregorian".

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Wolszczan, A. (22 April 1994). "Confirmation of Earth-Mass Planets Orbiting the Millisecond Pulsar PSR B1257 + 12".

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with added color to highlight the separate parts. The actual binary transmission carried no color information.

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Many scientific discoveries were made with the observatory. On April 7, 1964, soon after it began operating,

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Route, M.; Wolszczan, A. (10 March 2012). "The Arecibo Detection of the Coolest Radio-flaring Brown Dwarf".

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decided in October 2022 that it would not rebuild the telescope or build a similar observatory at the site.

7848: 7721: 7218: 6339: 6017: 5917: 3026: 1651: 1182: 2727:; Nichols, Ben (1958). "Design Study of a Radar to Explore the Earth's Ionosphere and Surrounding Space". 2443: 2012: 902:

suspended by four cables from four towers above the reflector, having along its edge a rail track for the

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was not 88 days, as formerly thought, but only 59 days. In 1968, the discovery of the periodicity of the

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133 m (435 ft) tower centered in the 305 m (1,000 ft) reflector to support the feed.

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A detailed view of the beam-steering mechanism. The triangular platform at the top was fixed, and the

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Witze, A (November 2020). "Legendary Arecibo telescope will close forever - scientists are reeling".

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were reported from the observatory's radio spectroscopy measurements of the distant starburst galaxy

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at 47 MHz, as well as an ionospheric modification facility operating at 5.1 and 8.175 MHz.

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to have been hurt by the partial collapse. The facility was closed as damage assessments were made.

779:(ARPA) ABM umbrella-effort, Project Defender. Even at this early stage it was clear that the use of 8064: 7538: 6420: 6089: 6057: 5957: 5633: 5521: 5432: 5295: 5286: 4473: 1733: 569: 5006: 1511:

image that included numbers, stick figures, chemical formulas and a crude image of the telescope.

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is longer than the 2.6-hour time that the telescope could track a celestial position, preventing

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Clery, Daniel (September 26, 2017). "Hurricane damage threatens Arecibo Observatory's future".

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from its completion in 1963 until 2011, after which it was transferred to a partnership led by

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Among the many Defender projects were several studies based on the concept that a re-entering

7893: 7795: 7620: 7513: 7348: 7283: 6976: 6511: 6491: 6334: 6301: 6221: 5829: 5775: 5715: 5615: 3924: 1793: 1590: 1550: 1496: 1170: 1067:. This was used for basic maintenance and for a second, much smaller, antenna to be used for 875: 851: 579: 411: 6441: 4943: 4644: 4446:"Arecibo Salvage Survey Committee Update for History of Astronomy | The Arecibo Observatory" 7883: 7770: 7760: 7731: 7548: 7443: 6402: 6191: 6049: 5607: 5583: 5379: 5367: 5334: 5304: 5264: 4939: 4838: 4759: 4708: 4640: 4590: 4553: 4481: 4403: 4358: 3781: 3690: 2919: 2880: 2588: 2525: 2360: 2265: 2161: 2142: 2057: 1931: 1601: 1461: 1424: 1411:

In 1980, Arecibo made the first radar observation of a comet when it successfully detected

750: 742: 495: 108: 64: 5189:"Ted Chiang, the mind behind Arrival, returns with another awe-inducing sci-fi collection" 3285: 8: 7988: 7696: 7543: 7523: 7469: 7435: 7330: 7002: 6990: 6375: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6033: 5937: 5809: 4904: 4515: 4156: 4044: 3629: 3508: 3258: 3113: 2113:"Environmental Impact Statement for the Arecibo Observatory Arecibo, Puerto Rico (Draft)" 1709: 1703: 1628: 1434:(Lich), which later led him to discover its three orbiting planets. These were the first 1098: 1050:

planetary radar as to seek additional funding support for the observatory. An additional

995: 964: 955: 951: 943: 920: 883: 867: 679: 636: 530: 491: 480: 253: 90: 5383: 5338: 4842: 4763: 4712: 4594: 4557: 4485: 4407: 3785: 3474: 3187:(in Spanish). Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Associated Press. November 14, 2007. Archived from 2923: 2592: 2529: 2364: 2269: 2165: 2061: 1935: 1862: 7976: 7964: 7818: 7675: 7625: 7415: 7343: 6355: 6324: 6271: 6231: 6201: 6144: 5909: 5688: 5352: 5132: 4955: 4854: 4828: 4797: 4775: 4732: 4606: 4427: 3233: 2820: 2788: 2329: 2283: 2179: 2151: 1955: 1634: 1397: 1385: 1373: 1094: 891: 879: 815: 554: 331: 316: 303: 290: 277: 185: 5370:; Salter, Christopher J. (2013). "The Arecibo Observatory: Fifty astronomical years". 5347: 4930:

Tarter, Jill (September 2001). "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)".

4850: 4652: 3718:"Good news, earthlings! Puerto Rico telescope still guarding the galaxy despite Maria" 3561: 3535: 2980:"The Arecibo High Frequency (HF) Facility: An Instrument to Study Ionospheric Physics" 2278: 1759: 430: 352: 154: 7451: 7321: 7020: 7014: 6380: 6226: 4858: 4724: 4464: 4431: 4419: 4199:"China is opening the world's largest radio telescope up to international scientists" 3820: 3797: 3625:"Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico's famous telescope, is battered by Hurricane Maria" 3443: 3412: 2927: 2824: 2731:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University, School of Electrical Engineering. p. 23. 2720: 2702: 2541: 2482: 1959: 1947: 1435: 1349: 1102: 1087: 1083: 882:

for the antenna design and studied the idea of suspending the feed with his brother,

811: 558: 546: 68: 7298: 5356: 4959: 4736: 4011: 3210:

Gerardo, E.; Alvarado, León (August 10, 2008). "Gobernador firma emisión de bonos".

2792: 2287: 2183: 7940: 7898: 7838: 7785: 7691: 7665: 7565: 7142: 6996: 6905:

University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places

6370: 6266: 6261: 6196: 5947: 5599: 5387: 5342: 4951: 4947: 4846: 4779: 4767: 4716: 4648: 4610: 4598: 4561: 4489: 4468: 4411: 4102: 3789: 3772:

Clery, Daniel (March 2, 2018). "Arecibo telescope saved by university consortium".

3754: 3019:"NASA Trims Arecibo Budget, Says Other Organizations Should Support Asteroid Watch" 2812: 2780: 2646: 2596: 2533: 2474: 2378: 2273: 2169: 2017: 1986: 1939: 1865:(Press release). National Science Foundation. March 30, 2021. News Release 20-010. 1450: 1439: 1405: 1393: 1357: 1269: 968: 700: 499: 5007:"Einstein@Home new discoveries and detections of known pulsars in the BRP4 search" 3985: 3315: 763:

that brought the 2.5 MW 430 MHz radar transmitter's signal up to the focal region.

506:

transmitters for emitting signals were mounted 150 m (492 ft) above the

37: 7913: 7903: 7726: 7585: 7570: 7533: 7518: 7464: 7390: 7083: 6291: 6236: 5480: 5455: 4720: 3793: 3536:"Dear Colleague Letter: Concepts for Future Operation of the Arecibo Observatory" 2724: 2382: 1721: 1660: 1492: 1486: 1446: 1341: 1147: 1138: 1076: 840: 836: 804: 787: 674: 594: 534: 526: 483: 257: 53: 3212: 2080: 7800: 7701: 7630: 7580: 7456: 7354: 7091: 6365: 6246: 4415: 2174: 2137: 1943: 1645: 1558: 1535:

In comparison, METI (messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence) refers to the

1000: 887: 5414: 4359:"The Future of the Arecibo Observatory: The Next Generation Arecibo Telescope" 4183: 2907: 2537: 2478: 7998: 7746: 7711: 7670: 7193: 7183: 7056: 7026: 6286: 6241: 6216: 5287:"Arecibo joins global network to create 6,000-mile (9,700 km) telescope" 5193: 2979: 2680: 1681: 1566: 1431: 1420: 1389: 1381: 911: 727:

The Arecibo Radio Telescope as viewed from the observation deck, October 2013

632: 140: 127: 4184:"Arecibo Observatory Auxiliary M4N Socket Termination Failure Investigation" 3758: 2705:(October 25, 1959), "Cornell will build a radar to observe the ionosphere", 846:

Ward Low of the ARPA pointed out this flaw and put Gordon in touch with the

7952: 7908: 7853: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7775: 7650: 7590: 7223: 7188: 6211: 5484: 5263:. Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space. Archived from 5161:"How GoldenEye's Arecibo Observatory became a scientific and cultural icon" 4805: 4728: 4471:(April 1967). "Radar determination of the rotations of Venus and Mercury". 4423: 3801: 3722: 2784: 2601: 2576: 1981: 1951: 1717: 1594: 1466: 1369: 1101:

since the 1970s, as the operator and transferred these responsibilities to

935: 860: 507: 324: 3254:"Threat to world's most powerful radio telescope means we may not hear ET" 2229:"Arecibo Call for Ionospheric Modification (HF facility) Proposals – 2018" 1469:-strength magnetic field and magnetic activity similar to both the planet 1121:'s promise of stability intended to retain the very best technical staff. 946:

in a newsletter of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (

7843: 7508: 7316: 7134: 7126: 7032: 6390: 6281: 6276: 6206: 5420:

The wondrous life—and dramatic death—of Puerto Rico's Arecibo Observatory

3499: 2460: 1671: 1536: 1524: 1412: 1401: 1361: 831: 696: 692: 112: 6945: 5095:"Iconic space observatory in Puerto Rico recovers after Hurricane Maria" 7858: 7736: 7655: 7099: 3148: 2647:"Pictures of the construction of Arecibo Observatory (start to finish)" 1890:"Famed Arecibo telescope, on the brink of collapse, will be dismantled" 1694: 1656: 1582: 1547: 1500: 1499:, was transmitted from the radio telescope toward the globular cluster 1113:, with a number of other collaborators. NSF also decertified NAIC as a 855: 819: 800: 193: 5391: 2816: 767:

The origins of the observatory trace to late 1950s efforts to develop

7878: 7615: 7610: 7425: 7400: 7107: 6900:

List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places

6395: 5623: 5305:"Arecibo Radio Telescope Is Back in Business After 6-Month Spruce-Up" 4979: 4771: 4602: 4256: 4203: 3883: 3851: 3695: 3596: 1639: 1543: 1277:

In the weeks following Arecibo's collapse, the administration of the

915: 823: 760: 624: 574: 4333:"Priceless Astronomy Data Saved After Collapse of Arecibo Telescope" 1059:

on the importance of the work of the observatory. led to additional

963:, that “(a) a judgment has been entered in favor of the plaintiffs ( 666: 662: 658: 465: 7600: 7575: 7487: 7480: 7375: 7306: 6256: 6108:

Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science

5998: 5165: 4566: 4541: 4493: 4074: 4070:"NSF offers a closer look at how the Arecibo Observatory collapsed" 3592:"Facing collapse, the famed Arecibo Observatory will be demolished" 3007:.photo showing 6 cross dipoles and hanging 100m wire mesh reflector 2403:"DARPA Paves the Way for U.S. Efforts in Ballistic Missile Defense" 2156: 1416: 1353: 1303: 1133: 1072: 643: 487: 5424: 4833: 3986:"A Second Cable Fails at NSF's Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico" 2949:"World's largest radio telescope is even more powerful, sensitive" 2325:"How the famed Arecibo telescope fell—and how it might rise again" 1460:

From January 2010 to February 2011, astronomers Matthew Route and

1336: 635:

1,000 feet (305 m) in diameter with an 869-foot (265 m)

7385: 7360: 7064: 5849: 4227:"8 million approved to rebuild the Arecibo Observatory Telescope" 3848:"UCF-led Consortium to Manage Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico" 3504:"With Earth's Largest Telescope Threatened, Its Homeland Rallies" 1813:(72 pages, with many historic b&w photos and 18 color photos) 1470: 1454: 903: 755: 684: 515: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4040:"Iconic radio telescope in Puerto Rico is at risk of collapsing" 1707:

in 2015 and was included in the author's short story collection

906:

truss positioning. This second truss, in the form of an arc, or

7868: 7380: 7288: 5869: 5474: 5128:"Arecibo Observatory, a Great Eye on the Cosmos, Is Going Dark" 3816:"Iconic Arecibo radio telescope saved by university consortium" 2029: 1570: 1508: 1428: 704: 688: 452: 4252:"Congress asks for report on Arecibo radio telescope collapse" 2013:"Huge Puerto Rico radio telescope, already damaged, collapses" 1273:

The Arecibo Telescope during demolition process, December 2021

810:

The observatory was built between mid-1960 and November 1963.

6471: 5988: 4056: 2577:"A short history of geophysical radar at Arecibo Observatory" 2350: 2047: 1597: 1553:

projects put forward by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the

1186: 1118: 899: 895: 827: 791: 708: 650: 640: 599: 519: 503: 8015:

National Register of Historic Places in Arecibo, Puerto Rico

4279:"Report to Congress on the Arecibo Observatory (March 2022)" 2135: 1169:

The facility had recently reopened following the passing of

7150: 5470: 4624:

Harmon, J.K; Campbell, D.B; Ostro, S.J; Nolan, M.C (1999).

3919: 2908:"To See the Unseen: A History of Planetary Radar Astronomy" 1831: 1605: 1586: 1520: 1142:

Map of Arecibo Observatory after November 2020 cable damage

907: 542: 7947: 5221:"(4337) Arecibo = 1933 HE = 1979 FR3 = 1979 HG2 = 1985 GB" 5099: 4580: 4129: 3072:"From the Ground Up: Balancing the NSF Astronomy Program" 3049:"Congress Passes Bill Authorizing Doubling of NSF Budget" 2807:

Project". In Oschmann, Jacobus M; Stepp, Larry M (eds.).

2199:"Areciebo 430 MHz Radar Operation and Maintenance Manual" 1611:

Limited amateur radio operations were carried out, using

1581:

Terrestrial aeronomy experiments at Arecibo included the

1504: 1474: 525:

The Arecibo Telescope was primarily used for research in

8030:

Historic district contributing properties in Puerto Rico

5766:

Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy

5068:"Arecibo Observatory 50th Anniversary Special Event Set" 4623: 3658:"Hurricane Damages Giant Radio Telescope—Why It Matters" 2617:"IEEE History Center: NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963" 1977:"Giant Arecibo radio telescope collapses in Puerto Rico" 1408:

in 2005, was identified as the fastest-spinning pulsar.

1115:

Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC)

631:

The telescope's main collecting dish had the shape of a

5407: 4975:"Project Phoenix: SETI Prepares to Observe at Arecibo" 4749: 2918:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 103. 2709:(Engineer's News Supplement), New York City, p. 1 1320:

supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way

578:(1995). It is one of the 116 pictures included in the 343: 7924: 7889:

Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact

4462: 3585: 3583: 2050:

Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series

1757: 1569:

distributed computing project has found more than 20

1415:. In August 1989, the observatory directly imaged an 1257:

Synchronized views of the Arecibo Telescope collapse.

553:(NSF) with partial support from NASA, was managed by 3181:[Senate approves $ 450 million bond issue]. 3109:"Radio Telescope And Its Budget Hang in the Balance" 2805: 1971: 1969: 673:

observations, with each line feed covering a narrow

6502:

History of the National Register of Historic Places

5316:

Entry into the National Register of Historic Places

5031:

Steve Blank "Secret history of Silicon Valley" talk

4509:"Discovery of the Period of the Crab Nebula Pulsar" 4308:"AOSSC Report and Recommendations (March 25, 2022)" 3915:"Cable roto causa daños al Observatorio de Arecibo" 3179:"Senado aprueba emisión de bonos de $ 450 millones" 2771:Cooke, W. (October 1976). "Arecibo radio antenna". 2719: 2673:"Description of Engineering of Arecibo Observatory" 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2043: 2041: 2039: 3580: 3229:"A Hazy Future for a 'Jewel' of Space Instruments" 3141: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1445:In January 2008, detection of prebiotic molecules 1368:and others provided the first solid evidence that 7269:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 7259:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 6533:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state 5870:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network 4907:. The University of Utah: Department of Physics. 4506: 4152:"Iconic radio telescope in Puerto Rico collapses" 4098:"Arecibo telescope collapses, ending 57-year run" 3992:. University of Central Florida. November 8, 2020 3439:"SRI International to manage Arecibo Observatory" 3409:"SRI International to Manage Arecibo Observatory" 2873:"The 40th Anniversary of the Arecibo Observatory" 2621:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1966: 1637:. It was used as a filming location in the films 1302:was able to completely recover and back up the 3 198:3 cm (10.0 GHz)–1 m (300 MHz) 7996: 7556:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence 4804:from the original on April 21, 2008 – via 4786: 2773:IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter 2470:Taking the Back off the Watch: A Personal Memoir 2297: 2036: 1318:to build. This would enable better study of the 1134:2020 damage, decommissioning plans, and collapse 6925:National Register of Historic Places portal 4794:"Life's Ingredients Detected in Far Off Galaxy" 3876: 3209: 1850: 1279:Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope 1099:National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) 512:Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope 5756:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment 4818: 4313:. Arecibo Observatory Survey Salvage Committee 4126:"Iconic dome at Arecibo Observatory collapses" 3949: 3870: 3494: 3492: 2977: 2570: 2568: 1917: 1915: 1824:"Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963" 1507:pattern of 1s and 0s defined a 23 by 73 pixel 1065:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 6961: 6457: 5440: 3335: 3333: 3003:". digital, Dec 18, 2018. Wikimedia Commons, 3001:The radio telescope as seen from the cableway 2866: 2864: 2740: 2738: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2006: 2004: 1693:in collaboration with science fiction writer 1310:to be made available for continued research. 5746:Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder 5327:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 4972: 4902: 4540:Hulse, R. A.; Taylor, J. H. (January 1975). 4117: 3877:Gonzalez Kotala, Zenaida (August 11, 2020). 2884:. Vol. 149, no. 156. p. E2181 2870: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2649:. National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center. 2258:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 2247: 2245: 818:oversaw its design for study of the Earth's 7864:History of the extraterrestrial life debate 7561:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal 5540:500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope 5213: 4932:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 4871: 4539: 3489: 2565: 2455: 2453: 1912: 1503:, about 25,000 light-years away. The 1,679 1495:, an attempt to communicate with potential 1331: 771:(ABM) defenses as part of the newly formed 665:(pulse peak) at 430 MHz, and 200 627:(bottom) radio telescopes at the same scale 549:. The observatory, funded primarily by the 8020:Buildings and structures completed in 1963 7179:Planetary habitability in the Solar System 6968: 6954: 6464: 6450: 5447: 5433: 5274:"Budget Cuts Threaten Arecibo Observatory" 4542:"Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system" 4368:. NAIC. White Paper, ver 2.0, 02-01-2021. 3950:McFall-Johnsen, Morgan (August 11, 2020). 3879:"Broken Cable Damages Arecibo Observatory" 3330: 2861: 2735: 2511: 2509: 2068: 2001: 1105:, along with two other managing partners, 737: 351: 330: 315: 302: 289: 276: 262: 184: 170: 153: 95: 77: 52: 36: 8035:Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks 6975: 6473:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 5346: 5261:"Activists protest US Navy radar project" 5250:Friedlander, Blaine (November 14, 1997). 4832: 4698: 4565: 4176: 3069: 2978:Sulzer, Michael; Gonzalez, Sixto (2007). 2901: 2899: 2871:Acevedo-Vila, Aníbal (October 30, 2003). 2757: 2600: 2372: 2277: 2242: 2173: 2155: 1758:National Park Service (October 3, 2008). 1600:installations by detecting their signals 1514: 372: 8060:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence 8025:Building and structure collapses in 2020 7606:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence 7274:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 5860:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope 5697:Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory 5092: 4617: 4123: 4033: 4031: 2450: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2086:National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center 1691:Jennifer Allora and Guillermo Calzadilla 1663:, which also featured the observatory), 1622: 1530:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence 1423:. The following year, Polish astronomer 1335: 1268: 1137: 1111:Universidad Metropolitana de Puerto Rico 930:The suspended structure was designed by 749: 741: 661:(continuous) at 2380 MHz, 3.2 610: 539:search for extraterrestrial intelligence 427:National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center 314:73,000 m (790,000 sq ft) 275:304.8 m (1,000 ft 0 in) 7411:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment 5323:"Genesis of the 1000-foot Arecibo Dish" 5276:. The Planetary Society. Archived from 5158: 5125: 5048:from the original on September 18, 2012 4680:from the original on September 16, 2008 4250:Urrutia, Doris Elin (January 5, 2021). 4249: 4067: 3943: 3931:from the original on September 16, 2020 3637:from the original on September 21, 2017 3554: 3528: 3251: 3107:Weiss, Rick Weiss (September 9, 2007). 3017:Britt, Robert Roy (December 20, 2001). 2946: 2905: 2574: 2506: 2254:"Genesis of the 1000-foot Arecibo Dish" 1542:Arecibo was the source of data for the 1107:Universities Space Research Association 848:Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory 586:since 2008. The telescope was named an 14: 7997: 5186: 5140:from the original on November 19, 2020 5107:from the original on November 18, 2020 4929: 4224: 3622: 3604:from the original on November 19, 2020 3471:"Management and Operation of the NAIC" 3341:"Major multi-user research facilities" 3149:"Arecibo Science Advocacy Partnership" 2959:from the original on November 20, 2020 2896: 2701: 2554:from the original on November 20, 2020 2495:from the original on November 20, 2020 2136:Margot, Jean-Luc; et al. (2018). 2093:from the original on November 20, 2020 1900:from the original on November 19, 2020 1869:from the original on November 19, 2020 1785:Santos, Juan Llanes (March 20, 2007). 1784: 1778: 1480: 1352:'s team used it to determine that the 1042:in 2007 and continuing to decrease to 711:observations of more distant objects. 606: 42:Arecibo Observatory, aerial view, 2012 8010:2020 disestablishments in Puerto Rico 7312:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection 6949: 6445: 6361:Cosmic microwave background radiation 6098:Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory 5820:Large Latin American Millimeter Array 5428: 5320: 5201:from the original on November 7, 2020 5126:Overbye, Dennis (November 19, 2020). 4393: 4149: 4037: 4028: 3771: 3748: 3730:from the original on October 24, 2017 3710: 3688: 3655: 3589: 3542:from the original on October 29, 2015 3498: 3226: 3121:from the original on November 6, 2012 3117:. Arecibo, Puerto Rico. p. A01. 3106: 3070:Blandford, Roger (October 22, 2006). 3016: 2770: 2423: 2400: 2389: 2322: 2251: 2226: 2196: 1921: 1887: 1633:, a science fiction novel written by 1293:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 1063:in funding to support Arecibo in the 1028: 961:United States Court of Federal Claims 329:132.6 m (435 ft 0 in) 27:Former radio telescope in Puerto Rico 7264:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 7249:Habitability of neutron star systems 7009:Viking lander biological experiments 6426: 6074:National Radio Astronomy Observatory 5968:Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope 5415:Youtube video of collapse 12.56 mins 5303:Henry Fountain (December 25, 2007). 5285:Blaine Friedlander (June 10, 2008). 5093:Brinkman, Paul (November 29, 2019). 4514:. Cornell University. Archived from 4351: 4196: 4095: 3962:from the original on August 14, 2020 3927:: UNO Radio Group. August 11, 2020. 3895:from the original on August 11, 2020 3691:"Damage to Arecibo less than feared" 3682: 3623:Kaplan, Sarah (September 22, 2017). 3568:from the original on October 5, 2016 3451:from the original on January 3, 2012 3227:Chang, Kenneth (November 20, 2007). 2459: 2010: 1589:. The telescope also originally had 691:(between −1 and 38 degrees of 584:National Register of Historic Places 547:near-Earth object detection programs 7239:Habitability of binary star systems 7214:Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems 6066:Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory 5454: 5227:from the original on 4 October 2016 4197:Gohd, Chelsea (December 18, 2020). 4124:Brinkman, Paul (December 1, 2020). 4068:Velazco, Chris (December 3, 2020). 3858:from the original on April 19, 2018 3840: 3656:Drake, Nadia (September 22, 2017). 3473:. 30 September 2002. Archived from 3401: 3308:"FY2010 Budget Request to Congress" 2515: 2410:50 Years of Bridging the Gap, DARPA 1888:Clery, Daniel (November 19, 2020). 1766:from the original on March 29, 2013 1380:discovered the first binary pulsar 773:United States Department of Defense 746:The Arecibo radio telescope in 2019 655:effective isotropic radiated powers 565:assumed operation of the facility. 561:. In 2018, a consortium led by the 301:221 m (725 ft 1 in) 24: 8005:1963 establishments in Puerto Rico 7874:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 7717:Hypothetical types of biochemistry 7244:Habitability of natural satellites 6888:National Historic Preservation Act 5900:Northern Extended Millimeter Array 5243: 5013:from the original on June 18, 2016 4911:from the original on July 17, 2007 4674:"Asteroid 4769 Castalia (1989 PB)" 4225:Kuilan, Gloria Ruiz (2020-12-29). 4038:Drake, Nadia (November 12, 2020). 3828:from the original on March 4, 2018 3689:Foust, Jeff (September 27, 2017). 3590:Grush, Loren (November 19, 2020). 3131:The cash crunch stems from an NSF 3088:from the original on June 26, 2008 2581:History of Geo- and Space Sciences 2323:Clery, Daniel (January 14, 2021). 2227:Nossa, Eliana (December 8, 2017). 1838:from the original on March 6, 2012 1720:is named after the observatory by 1679:". One map in the 2013 video game 1555:University of California, Berkeley 1189:facility will remain operational. 25: 8076: 7254:Habitability of red dwarf systems 5736:Australia Telescope Compact Array 5558:Caltech Submillimeter Observatory 5501:Very Long Baseline Interferometry 5399: 5348:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2009.02.06 5074:from the original on May 31, 2020 4872:Larry Klaes (November 30, 2005). 4337:The University of Texas at Austin 4150:Drake, Nadia (December 1, 2020). 3419:from the original on July 3, 2013 3377:"NASA Support to Planetary Radar" 3252:Goddard, Jacqui (July 12, 2008). 3159:from the original on May 14, 2011 2436:"Defender Anti-Ballistic Missile" 2279:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2009.02.06 2011:Coto, Dánica (December 1, 2020). 1803:from the original on May 30, 2009 1069:very long baseline interferometry 777:Advanced Research Projects Agency 479:was a 305 m (1,000 ft) 288:27 m (88 ft 7 in) 7982: 7970: 7958: 7946: 7934: 7406:Life Investigation For Enceladus 6930: 6929: 6918: 6425: 6416: 6415: 5180: 5152: 5119: 5086: 5060: 5034: 5025: 4375:from the original on 1 July 2023 4024:from the original on 2020-11-20. 3350:. pp. 35–38. Archived from 2947:Bernard, Larry (June 12, 1997). 2653:from the original on May 5, 2009 2575:Mathews, J. D. (13 March 2013). 1264: 1241: 1221: 1200: 1012: 716: 451: 371: 364: 8040:Museums in Arecibo, Puerto Rico 5790:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope 5658:UTR-2 decameter radio telescope 5272:Amir Alexander (July 3, 2008). 5259:Ruiz, Carmelo (March 3, 1998). 5159:Evenden, Ian (March 25, 2021). 5042:"ARRL; Moonbounce for everyone" 4999: 4973:Peter Backus (April 14, 2003). 4966: 4923: 4896: 4865: 4812: 4743: 4692: 4666: 4574: 4533: 4500: 4456: 4438: 4387: 4325: 4300: 4271: 4243: 4218: 4190: 4143: 4096:Hand, Eric (December 1, 2020). 4089: 4004: 3978: 3907: 3808: 3765: 3742: 3649: 3616: 3463: 3431: 3369: 3300: 3284:. June 28, 2010. Archived from 3270: 3245: 3220: 3203: 3171: 3100: 3063: 3041: 3010: 2993: 2971: 2940: 2831: 2811:. Vol. 4837. p. 919. 2799: 2713: 2695: 2665: 2639: 2609: 2344: 2220: 2190: 2129: 2105: 1419:for the first time in history: 1308:Texas Advanced Computing Center 1154:A consortium consisting of the 1127:environmental impact statements 870:, who directed research at the 639:, and was constructed inside a 582:. It has been listed on the US 537:, as well as for programs that 8055:Science museums in Puerto Rico 7396:Journey to Enceladus and Titan 6841:Federated States of Micronesia 6487:Architectural style categories 5890:Northern Cross Radio Telescope 5726:Atacama Large Millimeter Array 4952:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.511 4626:"Radar observations of comets" 3278:"12-m Phase Reference Antenna" 1881: 1816: 1751: 1617:Earth–Moon–Earth communication 699:'s location near the Northern 13: 1: 7529:Berkeley SETI Research Center 7229:Extraterrestrial liquid water 4653:10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00068-9 4288:. National Science Foundation 3889:University of Central Florida 2809:Large Ground-based Telescopes 2522:Gravity, a geometrical course 1744: 1739:Orgov Radio-Optical Telescope 1576: 1300:University of Texas at Austin 1156:University of Central Florida 1079:system and student training. 563:University of Central Florida 381:Location of Arecibo Telescope 166:University of Central Florida 7849:Extraterrestrials in fiction 7722:Interplanetary contamination 7219:Circumstellar habitable zone 7103:(unusual light fluctuations) 7095:(unusual light fluctuations) 7087:(unusual light fluctuations) 6340:Gravitational-wave astronomy 5918:Primeval Structure Telescope 5294:Lauren Gold (June 5, 2008). 5187:Morgan, Adam (May 6, 2019). 4721:10.1126/science.264.5158.538 3794:10.1126/science.359.6379.965 2383:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.03.023 1183:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1158:(UCF), Yang Enterprises and 1086:, particularly the study of 545:also used the telescope for 7: 8045:National Science Foundation 7707:Extraterrestrial hypothesis 6252:Christiaan Alexander Muller 6118:Vermilion River Observatory 6026:Algonquin Radio Observatory 5491:Astronomical interferometer 5321:Cohen, Marshall H. (2009). 4851:10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L22 4633:Planetary and Space Science 3348:National Science Foundation 3312:National Science Foundation 3079:National Science Foundation 3025:. Imaginova. Archived from 2906:Butrica, Andrew J. (1996). 2252:Cohen, Marshall H. (2009). 1828:IEEE Global History Network 1727: 991:National Science Foundation 984: 551:National Science Foundation 226:November 19, 2020 183:498 m (1,634 ft) 10: 8081: 7421:Mars sample-return mission 6893:Historic Preservation Fund 6872:American Legation, Morocco 5592:Large Millimeter Telescope 4416:10.1038/d41586-022-03293-4 1944:10.1038/d41586-020-03270-9 1539:by transmitting messages. 1518: 1484: 996:Gregorian reflector system 940:General Bronze Corporation 872:General Bronze Corporation 822:. He was attracted to the 732: 498:. A cable-mount steerable 238:December 1, 2020 208:November 1, 1963 7809: 7745: 7684: 7639: 7497: 7297: 7202: 7174:Earliest known life forms 7166: 7119: 7076: 7049: 7042: 6983: 6913: 6880: 6859: 6834:Lists by associated state 6833: 6792: 6525: 6479: 6411: 6348: 6310: 6164: 6129: 6016: 5981: 5880:Murchison Widefield Array 5800:Green Bank Interferometer 5708: 5624:RATAN-600 Radio Telescope 5530: 5515: 5507:Astronomical radio source 5462: 4821:The Astrophysical Journal 4546:The Astrophysical Journal 2744: 2677:Acevedo, Tony (June 2004) 2538:10.1007/978-94-007-5361-7 2479:10.1007/978-3-642-27588-3 1593:uses, including locating 1585:experiment, supported by 462: 449: 445: 437: 422: 418: 405: 398: 394: 390: 359: 338: 323: 310: 298:Illuminated diameter 297: 284: 271: 249: 219: 202: 192: 179: 161: 119: 104: 86: 60: 47: 35: 7539:Breakthrough Initiatives 6815:Northern Mariana Islands 6090:Onsala Space Observatory 6082:Nançay Radio Observatory 6058:Jodrell Bank Observatory 5958:Very Long Baseline Array 5634:Sardinia Radio Telescope 3216:. Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. 2912:NASA Special Publication 2175:10.3847/1538-3881/aabb03 1734:List of radio telescopes 1332:Research and discoveries 1097:, which had managed the 649:The telescope had three 457:Related media on Commons 7643:extraterrestrial beings 7234:Galactic habitable zone 6320:Submillimetre astronomy 5932:Australia, South Africa 5784:Event Horizon Telescope 5223:. Minor Planet Center. 4944:2001ARA&A..39..511T 4645:1999P&SS...47.1409H 4507:Richard V.E. Lovelace. 4366:The Arecibo Observatory 3759:10.1126/science.aaq0598 2707:New York Herald Tribune 2081:"Telescope Description" 1557:, and was used for the 1284:In late December 2020, 738:Design and construction 285:Secondary diameter 31:Arecibo Radio Telescope 18:Arecibo radio telescope 7791:Planetarium hypothesis 7781:Hart–Tipler conjecture 7766:Dark forest hypothesis 7756:Aestivation hypothesis 7475:Venus In Situ Explorer 7279:Planetary habitability 7068:(misidentified quasar) 7060:(misidentified pulsar) 6810:Minor Outlying Islands 6793:Lists by insular areas 6507:Keeper of the Register 6042:Green Bank Observatory 5928:Square Kilometre Array 3564:. September 30, 2016. 2785:10.1109/MAP.1976.27265 2729:Research Report EE 395 2602:10.5194/hgss-4-19-2013 1661:novel of the same name 1515:SETI and METI projects 1427:made the discovery of 1366:Richard V. E. Lovelace 1345: 1274: 1143: 1057:United States Congress 976:Hobby–Eberly Telescope 932:Dr. Thomas C. Kavanagh 769:anti-ballistic missile 764: 747: 628: 408:U.S. Historic district 48:Alternative names 7894:Post-detection policy 7796:Rare Earth hypothesis 7621:Voyager Golden Record 7514:Allen Telescope Array 7349:Enceladus Life Finder 7284:Superhabitable planet 6977:Extraterrestrial life 6512:National Park Service 6492:Contributing property 6335:High-energy astronomy 6222:Sebastian von Hoerner 5830:Long Wavelength Array 5776:European VLBI Network 5716:Allen Telescope Array 5616:Qitai Radio Telescope 5368:Altschuler, Daniel R. 5298:. Cornell university. 5254:. Cornell University. 4905:"The Arecibo Message" 4521:on September 12, 2008 4052:on November 19, 2020. 3925:San Juan, Puerto Rico 3854:. February 22, 2018. 3824:. February 22, 2018. 3670:on September 24, 2017 2839:"Arecibo Observatory" 2746:US patent 3273156 1794:National Park Service 1760:"Weekly List Actions" 1623:Cultural significance 1591:military intelligence 1551:distributed computing 1497:extraterrestrial life 1364:(33 milliseconds) by 1339: 1272: 1171:Tropical Storm Isaias 1141: 1093:In 2011, NSF removed 876:Garden City, New York 852:Boston, Massachusetts 753: 745: 614: 580:Voyager Golden Record 486:built into a natural 412:Contributing property 7884:Planetary protection 7771:Firstborn hypothesis 7761:Berserker hypothesis 7732:Mediocrity principle 7549:Breakthrough Message 7167:Life in the Universe 6867:District of Columbia 6403:Solar radio emission 6192:Jocelyn Bell Burnell 6050:Haystack Observatory 5584:Green Bank Telescope 5568:Effelsberg Telescope 4800:. January 15, 2008. 3726:. October 23, 2017. 3538:. October 26, 2015. 3516:on November 17, 2020 3266:on December 5, 2008. 3241:on October 16, 2015. 2881:Congressional Record 2516:Frè, Pietro (2013), 2143:Astronomical Journal 1675:television episode " 1462:Aleksander Wolszczan 1425:Aleksander Wolszczan 1392:, was discovered by 1286:Wanda Vázquez Garced 814:and George Peter of 496:Arecibo, Puerto Rico 311:Collecting area 250:Telescope style 7697:Directed panspermia 7676:Reptilian humanoids 7544:Breakthrough Listen 7524:Arecibo Observatory 7470:Titan Mare Explorer 7043:Signals of interest 7003:Murchison meteorite 6991:Shergotty meteorite 6376:Pulsar timing array 6182:Edward George Bowen 6172:Elizabeth Alexander 6034:Arecibo Observatory 5938:Submillimeter Array 5840:Low-Frequency Array 5810:Korean VLBI Network 5676:Southern Hemisphere 5587:(West Virginia, US) 5384:2013PhT....66k..43A 5339:2009JAHH...12..141C 5009:. August 27, 2012. 4987:on December 4, 2008 4884:on December 5, 2008 4843:2012ApJ...747L..22R 4764:1994Natur.369..213H 4713:1994Sci...264..538W 4595:1982Natur.300..615B 4558:1975ApJ...195L..51H 4486:1967AJ.....72..351D 4408:2022Natur.610..618W 4164:on December 1, 2020 4157:National Geographic 4045:National Geographic 3786:2018Sci...359..965C 3663:National Geographic 3630:The Washington Post 3509:National Geographic 3259:The Daily Telegraph 3191:on December 8, 2008 3114:The Washington Post 3029:on December 5, 2008 2924:1996NASSP4218.....B 2593:2013HGSS....4...19M 2530:2013ggc1.book.....F 2365:2005Icar..177...32N 2270:2009JAHH...12..141C 2236:Arecibo Observatory 2197:Hagen, Jon (2005). 2166:2018AJ....155..209M 2122:. NSF. p. 66. 2062:1995ASPC...75...90G 1936:2020Natur.587..529W 1710:Exhalation: Stories 1481:The Arecibo message 1322:as a prime target. 1291:As required by the 1075:amplifiers for the 965:Helias Doundoulakis 956:Helias Doundoulakis 952:George Doundoulakis 944:Helias Doundoulakis 921:Helias Doundoulakis 884:Helias Doundoulakis 868:George Doundoulakis 680:reinforced concrete 657:(EIRPs) of 22 653:transmitters, with 637:radius of curvature 607:General information 531:atmospheric science 492:Arecibo Observatory 481:spherical reflector 254:Gregorian telescope 141:18.3442°N 66.7528°W 137: / 91:Arecibo Observatory 32: 7819:Ancient astronauts 7416:Mars Geyser Hopper 7344:Enceladus Explorer 6984:Events and objects 6356:Aperture synthesis 6325:Infrared astronomy 6262:Joseph Lade Pawsey 6232:Kenneth Kellermann 6202:Nan Dieter-Conklin 5910:One-Mile Telescope 5689:Parkes Observatory 5133:The New York Times 4903:Geaorge Cassiday. 4798:Cornell University 3234:The New York Times 3051:. November 1, 2002 2721:Gordon, William E. 2401:Rosenberg, Barry. 1635:Mary Doria Russell 1565:observations. The 1436:extrasolar planets 1398:Shrinivas Kulkarni 1386:millisecond pulsar 1346: 1275: 1144: 1095:Cornell University 1088:near-Earth objects 1029:Funding reductions 925:U.S. Patent office 894:for a doughnut or 892:Cornell University 880:Cornell University 816:Cornell University 765: 748: 629: 615:Comparison of the 555:Cornell University 438:Designated CP 51:Arecibo Telescope 30: 7922: 7921: 7452:SpaceX Red Dragon 7367:Rosalind Franklin 7162: 7161: 7021:Allan Hills 84001 7015:Allan Hills 77005 6943: 6942: 6497:Historic district 6439: 6438: 6381:Radio propagation 6330:Optical astronomy 6227:Karl Guthe Jansky 6037:(Puerto Rico, US) 6012: 6011: 5804:West Virginia, US 5553:(Puerto Rico, US) 5550:Arecibo Telescope 5392:10.1063/PT.3.2179 5280:on July 21, 2008. 4758:(6477): 213–215. 4707:(5158): 538–542. 4639:(12): 1409–1422. 4589:(5893): 615–618. 4465:Pettengill, G. H. 4402:(7933): 618–619. 3850:(Press release). 3780:(6379): 965–966. 3502:(June 10, 2016). 3444:Cornell Chronicle 3415:. July 10, 2013. 3413:SRI International 3411:(Press release). 3288:on March 15, 2012 2953:Cornell Chronicle 2933:978-0-16-048578-7 2849:on March 14, 2009 2817:10.1117/12.458223 2547:978-94-007-5360-0 2488:978-3-642-27587-6 2419:on March 5, 2016. 1989:. 1 December 2020 1930:(7835): 529–530. 1699:The Great Silence 1687:The Great Silence 1655:(1997) (based on 1573:in Arecibo data. 1350:Gordon Pettengill 1252: 1231: 1210: 1103:SRI International 1084:planetary science 812:William E. Gordon 559:SRI International 477:Arecibo Telescope 473: 472: 441:December 22, 2015 400:Arecibo Telescope 146:18.3442; -66.7528 69:William E. Gordon 16:(Redirected from 8072: 8050:Radio telescopes 7987: 7986: 7985: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7951: 7950: 7939: 7938: 7937: 7930: 7899:San Marino Scale 7839:Brookings Report 7786:Neocatastrophism 7692:Cosmic pluralism 7666:Little green men 7641:Types of alleged 7566:Astrolinguistics 7155: 7147: 7146:(unknown origin) 7143:Fast radio burst 7139: 7131: 7112: 7111:(unknown origin) 7108:HD 164595 signal 7104: 7096: 7088: 7069: 7061: 7047: 7046: 6997:Nakhla meteorite 6970: 6963: 6956: 6947: 6946: 6933: 6932: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6846:Marshall Islands 6466: 6459: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6429: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6396:HD 164595 signal 6371:Odd radio circle 6349:Related articles 6267:Ruby Payne-Scott 6197:Arthur Covington 6187:Ronald Bracewell 6157: 6149: 6141: 6122: 6113: 6103: 6094: 6086: 6078: 6070: 6062: 6054: 6046: 6038: 6030: 6004: 5994: 5973: 5963: 5953: 5948:Very Large Array 5943: 5933: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5895: 5885: 5875: 5865: 5855: 5845: 5835: 5825: 5824:Argentina/Brazil 5815: 5805: 5795: 5780: 5771: 5761: 5751: 5741: 5731: 5721: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5670: 5666:Yevpatoria RT-70 5662: 5654: 5646: 5638: 5629: 5620: 5612: 5604: 5600:Lovell Telescope 5596: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5563: 5554: 5545: 5528: 5527: 5517:Radio telescopes 5449: 5442: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5411: 5410: 5408:Official website 5395: 5360: 5350: 5312: 5299: 5290: 5281: 5268: 5255: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4983:. 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Archived from 2407: 2398: 2387: 2386: 2376: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2320: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2249: 2240: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2177: 2159: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2117: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2077: 2066: 2065: 2045: 2034: 2033: 2027: 2025: 2018:Associated Press 2008: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1987:Associated Press 1973: 1964: 1963: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1859: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1802: 1791: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1755: 1677:Little Green Men 1451:hydrogen cyanide 1406:PSR J1748-2446ad 1394:Donald C. Backer 1372:exist. In 1974, 1317: 1298:A team from the 1254: 1253: 1233: 1232: 1212: 1211: 1176: 1175:US$ 10.5 million 1062: 1053: 1045: 1041: 1040:US$ 10.5 million 1016: 1006: 969:William J. Casey 720: 466:edit on Wikidata 455: 375: 374: 368: 355: 350: 347: 345: 334: 319: 306: 293: 280: 267: 266: 245: 243: 233: 231: 215: 213: 204:First light 188: 175: 174: 157: 152: 151: 149: 148: 147: 142: 138: 135: 134: 133: 130: 100: 99: 82: 81: 61:Named after 56: 40: 33: 29: 21: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8065:2020 in science 7995: 7994: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7945: 7935: 7933: 7925: 7923: 7918: 7914:Xenoarchaeology 7904:Technosignature 7805: 7741: 7727:Kardashev scale 7680: 7642: 7635: 7631:Xenolinguistics 7596:Project Phoenix 7586:Project Cyclops 7571:Lincos language 7534:Bracewell probe 7519:Arecibo message 7500: 7493: 7391:Icebreaker Life 7293: 7205: 7198: 7158: 7153: 7145: 7137: 7129: 7115: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7072: 7067: 7059: 7038: 6979: 6974: 6944: 6939: 6919: 6917: 6909: 6876: 6855: 6829: 6788: 6521: 6475: 6470: 6440: 6435: 6407: 6344: 6312: 6306: 6292:Gart Westerhout 6160: 6155: 6147: 6139: 6125: 6120: 6111: 6101: 6100:(PRAO ASC LPI, 6092: 6084: 6076: 6068: 6060: 6052: 6044: 6036: 6028: 6008: 6002: 5992: 5977: 5971: 5961: 5951: 5941: 5931: 5921: 5912: 5903: 5893: 5883: 5873: 5863: 5853: 5843: 5833: 5823: 5813: 5803: 5793: 5778: 5769: 5759: 5749: 5739: 5729: 5719: 5709:Interferometers 5704: 5699: 5691: 5683: 5675: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5650:Usuda Telescope 5644: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5561: 5552: 5543: 5532: 5519: 5511: 5481:Radio telescope 5458: 5456:Radio astronomy 5453: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5366: 5302: 5293: 5284: 5271: 5267:on May 1, 2001. 5258: 5249: 5246: 5244:Further reading 5241: 5240: 5230: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4971: 4967: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4870: 4866: 4817: 4813: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4748: 4744: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4628: 4622: 4618: 4579: 4575: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4505: 4501: 4461: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4248: 4244: 4235: 4233: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4195: 4191: 4186:. 30 June 2021. 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4066: 4057: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3965: 3963: 3958:. Insider Inc. 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3875: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3770: 3766: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3673: 3671: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3588: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3497: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3250: 3246: 3225: 3221: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3124: 3122: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3015: 3011: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2904: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2875: 2869: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2804: 2800: 2769: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2736: 2718: 2714: 2703:Gordon, William 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2627:on July 6, 2008 2615: 2614: 2610: 2573: 2566: 2557: 2555: 2548: 2514: 2507: 2498: 2496: 2489: 2458: 2451: 2434: 2433: 2424: 2416: 2405: 2399: 2390: 2374:10.1.1.527.7256 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2321: 2298: 2250: 2243: 2231: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2134: 2130: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2079: 2078: 2069: 2046: 2037: 2023: 2021: 2009: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1975: 1974: 1967: 1920: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1861: 1860: 1851: 1841: 1839: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1783: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1730: 1722:Steven J. Ostro 1669:(2010), and in 1625: 1579: 1563:Project Phoenix 1527: 1519:Main articles: 1517: 1493:Arecibo message 1489: 1487:Arecibo message 1483: 1342:Arecibo message 1334: 1316:US$ 450 million 1315: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1242: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1201: 1174: 1148:Hurricane Maria 1136: 1077:planetary radar 1061:US$ 3.1 million 1060: 1051: 1044:US$ 4.0 million 1043: 1039: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1005:US$ 2.5 million 1004: 987: 841:radio astronomy 837:radar astronomy 805:Kwajalein Atoll 788:nuclear warhead 740: 735: 730: 729: 728: 726: 721: 609: 595:Hurricane Maria 535:radar astronomy 527:radio astronomy 484:radio telescope 469: 414: 410: 401: 386: 385: 384: 383: 382: 378: 377: 376: 342: 261: 258:radio telescope 256: 241: 239: 234: 229: 227: 211: 209: 169: 145: 143: 139: 136: 131: 128: 126: 124: 123: 94: 76: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8078: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 7992: 7991: 7979: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7815: 7813: 7811:Related topics 7807: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7801:Zoo hypothesis 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7752: 7750: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7702:Drake equation 7699: 7694: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7647: 7645: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7581:Pioneer plaque 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7505: 7503: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7484: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7454: 7449: 7441: 7433: 7431:Northern Light 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7358: 7355:Europa Clipper 7351: 7346: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7301: 7299:Space missions 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7210: 7208: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7154:(radio signal) 7148: 7140: 7138:(inconclusive) 7132: 7130:(radio source) 7123: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7105: 7097: 7092:EPIC 204278916 7089: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7062: 7053: 7051: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6973: 6972: 6965: 6958: 6950: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6927: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6825:Virgin Islands 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6800:American Samoa 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6734:South Carolina 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6699:North Carolina 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6527: 6526:Lists by state 6523: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6517:Property types 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6469: 6468: 6461: 6454: 6446: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6423: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6366:Interferometry 6363: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6247:Bernard Lovell 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6177:John G. Bolton 6174: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6150: 6145:ESA New Norcia 6142: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6115: 6105: 6095: 6087: 6079: 6071: 6063: 6055: 6047: 6039: 6031: 6022: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 5996: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5955: 5952:New Mexico, US 5945: 5935: 5925: 5915: 5907: 5897: 5887: 5877: 5867: 5857: 5847: 5837: 5834:New Mexico, US 5827: 5817: 5807: 5797: 5787: 5781: 5773: 5770:California, US 5763: 5753: 5743: 5733: 5723: 5720:California, US 5712: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5684:(South Africa) 5678: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5621: 5613: 5608:Ooty Telescope 5605: 5597: 5589: 5581: 5573: 5565: 5555: 5547: 5536: 5534: 5525: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5488: 5478: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5452: 5451: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5401: 5400:External links 5398: 5397: 5396: 5364: 5333:(2): 141–152. 5318: 5313: 5309:New York Times 5300: 5291: 5282: 5269: 5256: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5212: 5179: 5151: 5118: 5085: 5059: 5033: 5024: 4998: 4965: 4938:(1): 511–548. 4922: 4895: 4864: 4811: 4785: 4742: 4691: 4665: 4616: 4573: 4567:10.1086/181708 4532: 4499: 4494:10.1086/110231 4480:(3): 351–359. 4469:Shapiro, I. I. 4455: 4437: 4386: 4350: 4339:. May 10, 2021 4324: 4299: 4270: 4242: 4217: 4189: 4175: 4142: 4116: 4088: 4055: 4027: 4017:. 2020-11-12. 4003: 3977: 3942: 3923:(in Spanish). 3906: 3869: 3839: 3807: 3764: 3741: 3709: 3681: 3648: 3615: 3579: 3553: 3527: 3488: 3462: 3430: 3400: 3368: 3329: 3299: 3269: 3244: 3219: 3202: 3170: 3153:Areciboscience 3140: 3099: 3062: 3040: 3009: 2992: 2970: 2939: 2932: 2895: 2860: 2830: 2798: 2756: 2734: 2712: 2694: 2683:on May 4, 2009 2664: 2638: 2608: 2564: 2546: 2505: 2487: 2449: 2422: 2388: 2343: 2296: 2264:(2): 141–152. 2241: 2219: 2208:. pp. 6–7 2189: 2128: 2104: 2067: 2035: 2000: 1965: 1911: 1880: 1849: 1815: 1777: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1729: 1726: 1624: 1621: 1578: 1575: 1559:SETI Institute 1516: 1513: 1485:Main article: 1482: 1479: 1333: 1330: 1266: 1263: 1256: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1135: 1132: 1030: 1027: 1019: 1018: 1011: 1010: 1009: 986: 983: 888:civil engineer 739: 736: 734: 731: 723: 722: 715: 714: 713: 675:frequency band 608: 605: 588:IEEE Milestone 471: 470: 463: 460: 459: 447: 446: 443: 442: 439: 435: 434: 424: 420: 419: 416: 415: 406: 403: 402: 399: 396: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 380: 379: 370: 369: 363: 362: 361: 360: 357: 356: 340: 336: 335: 327: 321: 320: 312: 308: 307: 299: 295: 294: 286: 282: 281: 273: 269: 268: 251: 247: 246: 221: 220:Decommissioned 217: 216: 206: 200: 199: 196: 190: 189: 181: 177: 176: 163: 159: 158: 121: 117: 116: 106: 102: 101: 88: 84: 83: 62: 58: 57: 49: 45: 44: 41: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8077: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7942: 7932: 7931: 7928: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7747:Fermi paradox 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7712:Fermi paradox 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7671:Nordic aliens 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7651:Energy beings 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7501:communication 7496: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7194:Life on Titan 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7184:Life on Venus 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7152: 7149: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7118: 7109: 7106: 7101: 7098: 7093: 7090: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7066: 7063: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050:Misidentified 7048: 7045: 7041: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7027:Yamato 000593 7025: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6964: 6959: 6957: 6952: 6951: 6948: 6936: 6928: 6926: 6916: 6915: 6912: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6774:West Virginia 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6679:New Hampshire 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6639:Massachusetts 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6462: 6460: 6455: 6453: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6432: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6302:Robert Wilson 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6287:Govind Swarup 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6242:John D. Kraus 6240: 6238: 6237:Frank J. Kerr 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217:Antony Hewish 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6143: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6119: 6116: 6109: 6106: 6099: 6096: 6091: 6088: 6083: 6080: 6075: 6072: 6067: 6064: 6059: 6056: 6051: 6048: 6043: 6040: 6035: 6032: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6018:Observatories 6015: 6000: 5997: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5969: 5966: 5959: 5956: 5949: 5946: 5939: 5936: 5929: 5926: 5919: 5916: 5911: 5908: 5901: 5898: 5891: 5888: 5881: 5878: 5871: 5868: 5861: 5858: 5851: 5848: 5841: 5838: 5831: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5811: 5808: 5801: 5798: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5777: 5774: 5767: 5764: 5757: 5754: 5747: 5744: 5737: 5734: 5727: 5724: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5682: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5667: 5664: 5659: 5656: 5651: 5648: 5643: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5617: 5614: 5609: 5606: 5601: 5598: 5593: 5590: 5585: 5582: 5577: 5576:Galenki RT-70 5574: 5569: 5566: 5559: 5556: 5551: 5548: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5445: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5372:Physics Today 5369: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5289:. EurekAlert. 5288: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5194:The A.V. Club 5190: 5183: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4986: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4695: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4463:Dyce, R. B.; 4459: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4338: 4334: 4328: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4280: 4274: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4193: 4185: 4179: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4146: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4034: 4032: 4020: 4013: 4007: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3873: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3685: 3674:September 23, 3669: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3641:September 24, 3636: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3619: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3584: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3450: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3389:on 2012-10-06 3385: 3378: 3372: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3334: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3223: 3215: 3214: 3206: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3137: 3134: 3133:senior review 3120: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3050: 3044: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2981: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2943: 2935: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2900: 2883: 2882: 2874: 2867: 2865: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2730: 2726: 2725:Booker, Henry 2722: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2569: 2553: 2549: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2415: 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1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1567:Einstein@Home 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1537:active search 1533: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1491:In 1974, the 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:4769 Castalia 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:neutron stars 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1338: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1271: 1265:Post-collapse 1194: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1140: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1058: 1052:US$ 3 million 1047: 1035: 1021: 1015: 1008: 1002: 997: 992: 982: 978: 977: 972: 970: 966: 962: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 928: 926: 922: 917: 913: 912:counterweight 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 862: 857: 853: 849: 844: 842: 838: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 796: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 762: 757: 752: 744: 725: 719: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 676: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 642: 638: 634: 633:spherical cap 626: 623:(middle) and 622: 618: 613: 604: 601: 596: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 494:located near 493: 489: 485: 482: 478: 467: 461: 458: 454: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 397: 393: 389: 367: 358: 354: 349: 341: 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 313: 309: 305: 300: 296: 292: 287: 283: 279: 274: 270: 265: 259: 255: 252: 248: 237: 225: 222: 218: 207: 205: 201: 197: 195: 191: 187: 182: 178: 173: 167: 164: 160: 156: 150: 122: 118: 114: 110: 107: 103: 98: 92: 89: 85: 80: 74: 73:James Gregory 70: 66: 63: 59: 55: 50: 46: 39: 34: 19: 7989:Solar System 7909:UFO religion 7854:Extremophile 7834:Biosignature 7829:Astroecology 7824:Astrobiology 7776:Great Filter 7591:Project Ozma 7499:Interstellar 7486: 7479: 7457: 7445:Perseverance 7444: 7436: 7366: 7353: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7224:Earth analog 7206:habitability 7189:Life on Mars 6739:South Dakota 6729:Rhode Island 6724:Pennsylvania 6704:North Dakota 6311:Astronomy by 6272:Arno Penzias 6212:Cyril Hazard 5854:South Africa 5645:(Uzbekistan) 5549: 5485:Radio window 5375: 5371: 5330: 5326: 5308: 5278:the original 5265:the original 5229:. Retrieved 5215: 5205:November 19, 5203:. Retrieved 5192: 5182: 5170:. Retrieved 5164: 5154: 5144:November 19, 5142:. Retrieved 5131: 5121: 5111:November 19, 5109:. Retrieved 5098: 5088: 5078:November 20, 5076:. Retrieved 5062: 5050:. Retrieved 5036: 5027: 5015:. Retrieved 5001: 4991:September 2, 4989:. Retrieved 4985:the original 4978: 4968: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4913:. Retrieved 4898: 4888:September 2, 4886:. Retrieved 4882:the original 4878:Ithaca Times 4877: 4867: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4806:ScienceDaily 4788: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4684:September 2, 4682:. Retrieved 4668: 4656:. Retrieved 4636: 4632: 4619: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4525:September 2, 4523:. Retrieved 4516:the original 4502: 4477: 4472: 4458: 4450:www.naic.edu 4449: 4440: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4377:. Retrieved 4365: 4353: 4341:. Retrieved 4327: 4315:. Retrieved 4302: 4290:. Retrieved 4285: 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4255: 4245: 4234:. Retrieved 4231:El Nuevo Día 4230: 4220: 4210:December 19, 4208:. 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Retrieved 2328: 2261: 2257: 2235: 2222: 2212:November 21, 2210:. Retrieved 2205: 2192: 2147: 2141: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2107: 2097:November 20, 2095:. Retrieved 2084: 2053: 2049: 2028:– via 2022:. Retrieved 2016: 1991:. Retrieved 1982:The Guardian 1980: 1927: 1923: 1904:November 19, 1902:. Retrieved 1893: 1883: 1871:. Retrieved 1840:. Retrieved 1827: 1818: 1805:. Retrieved 1780: 1768:. Retrieved 1753: 1718:4337 Arecibo 1715: 1708: 1702: 1686: 1680: 1670: 1664: 1650: 1649:(1995), and 1644: 1638: 1629: 1626: 1612: 1610: 1580: 1541: 1534: 1528: 1490: 1459: 1444: 1432:PSR B1257+12 1410: 1390:PSR B1937+21 1382:PSR B1913+16 1347: 1327: 1324: 1312: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1191: 1179: 1168: 1164: 1153: 1145: 1123: 1092: 1081: 1048: 1036: 1032: 988: 979: 973: 947: 936:Fred Severud 929: 866: 845: 809: 797: 785: 781:radar decoys 766: 671: 648: 630: 616: 592: 573: 567: 524: 502:and several 476: 474: 325:Focal length 235: 223: 162:Organization 7977:Outer space 7965:Spaceflight 7844:Exotheology 7656:Grey aliens 7509:Active SETI 7437:Opportunity 7317:BioSentinel 7135:Wow! signal 7084:KIC 8462852 7033:CI1 fossils 6860:Other areas 6820:Puerto Rico 6654:Mississippi 6569:Connecticut 6391:Wow! signal 6282:Martin Ryle 6277:Grote Reber 6207:Frank Drake 6148:(Australia) 5982:Space-based 5972:Netherlands 5844:Netherlands 5814:South Korea 5692:(Australia) 5642:Suffa RT-70 5052:January 10, 4658:22 November 4379:26 February 4168:December 1, 4135:December 1, 4109:December 1, 4081:December 3, 3996:November 8, 3734:October 24, 3702:February 5, 3455:January 11, 2888:January 14, 2843:History.com 2558:October 14, 2499:October 14, 2336:January 14, 2024:December 1, 1873:October 26, 1807:October 21, 1770:February 6, 1689:by artists 1672:The X-Files 1630:The Sparrow 1613:moon bounce 1525:Active SETI 1447:methanimine 1413:Comet Encke 1402:Carl Heiles 1362:Crab Pulsar 1001:focal point 856:radio waves 850:(AFCRL) in 832:Puerto Rico 830:regions of 697:Puerto Rico 693:declination 144: / 120:Coordinates 115:, Caribbean 113:Puerto Rico 105:Location(s) 7999:Categories 7879:Noogenesis 7859:Hemolithin 7737:Panspermia 7685:Hypotheses 7661:Insectoids 7626:Water hole 7127:SHGb02+14a 7100:VVV-WIT-07 6769:Washington 6689:New Mexico 6684:New Jersey 6559:California 6313:EM methods 5533:telescopes 5531:Individual 5378:(11): 43. 5017:August 28, 4827:(2): L22. 4474:Astron. J. 4263:January 5, 4236:2020-12-31 3966:August 24, 3935:August 11, 3899:August 12, 3572:October 2, 2779:(5): 6–8. 2157:1802.01081 2150:(5): 209. 1993:1 December 1745:References 1695:Ted Chiang 1666:The Losers 1657:Carl Sagan 1577:Other uses 1548:Astropulse 1501:Messier 13 1356:period of 820:ionosphere 801:ionosphere 570:James Bond 514:(FAST) in 431:ID07000525 242:2020-12-01 230:2020-11-19 212:1963-11-01 194:Wavelength 132:66°45′10″W 129:18°20′39″N 7941:Astronomy 7749:solutions 7616:setiQuest 7611:SETI@home 7426:Mars 2020 7401:Laplace-P 7338:Dragonfly 7323:Curiosity 7204:Planetary 6779:Wisconsin 6744:Tennessee 6649:Minnesota 6624:Louisiana 6297:Paul Wild 6130:Multi-use 6110:(SAORAS, 5884:Australia 5872:(MERLIN, 5864:Australia 5750:Australia 5740:Australia 5669:(Ukraine) 5661:(Ukraine) 5571:(Germany) 5172:March 25, 4980:Space.com 4859:119290950 4834:1202.1287 4432:252903742 4257:Space.com 4204:Space.com 3884:UCF Today 3862:April 18, 3852:UCF Today 3696:SpaceNews 3597:The Verge 3023:Space.com 2825:121019413 2369:CiteSeerX 2056:: 90–98. 1960:227078999 1713:in 2019. 1640:GoldenEye 1544:SETI@home 1304:petabytes 904:azimuthal 824:sinkholes 761:waveguide 625:RATAN-600 590:in 2001. 575:GoldenEye 236:Collapsed 224:Announced 7601:SERENDIP 7576:NIROSETI 7488:Viking 2 7481:Viking 1 7386:Foton-M3 7376:ExoLance 7307:Beagle 2 6935:Category 6764:Virginia 6714:Oklahoma 6694:New York 6669:Nebraska 6659:Missouri 6644:Michigan 6634:Maryland 6619:Kentucky 6599:Illinois 6574:Delaware 6564:Colorado 6554:Arkansas 6421:Category 6257:Jan Oort 6156:(Canada) 6140:(Canada) 6093:(Sweden) 6085:(France) 6029:(Canada) 5999:Spektr-R 5842:(LOFAR, 5822:(LLAMA, 5779:(Europe) 5768:(CARMA, 5758:(CHIME, 5748:(ASKAP, 5595:(Mexico) 5579:(Russia) 5463:Concepts 5357:18990068 5225:Archived 5199:Archived 5166:PC Gamer 5138:Archived 5105:Archived 5072:Archived 5046:Archived 5011:Archived 4960:53122223 4915:July 27, 4909:Archived 4802:Archived 4737:19621191 4729:17732735 4678:Archived 4676:. NASA. 4424:36241884 4370:Archived 4343:June 20, 4075:Engadget 4019:Archived 3960:Archived 3929:Archived 3893:Archived 3856:Archived 3832:March 3, 3826:Archived 3802:29496850 3728:Archived 3635:Archived 3602:Archived 3566:Archived 3540:Archived 3481:April 6, 3449:Archived 3423:July 10, 3417:Archived 3157:Archived 3119:Archived 3083:Archived 2957:Archived 2793:31708779 2651:Archived 2552:archived 2493:archived 2288:18990068 2184:13710050 2091:Archived 1952:33214727 1898:Archived 1867:Archived 1842:July 29, 1836:Archived 1798:Archived 1764:Archived 1728:See also 1643:(1995), 1604:off the 1602:bouncing 1473:and the 1417:asteroid 1354:rotation 1073:Klystron 985:Upgrades 644:sinkhole 500:receiver 488:sinkhole 272:Diameter 180:Altitude 7927:Portals 7465:Tanpopo 7361:ExoMars 7065:CTA-102 7057:CP 1919 6881:Related 6784:Wyoming 6759:Vermont 6664:Montana 6604:Indiana 6584:Georgia 6579:Florida 6549:Arizona 6539:Alabama 6431:Commons 5970:(WSRT, 5960:(VLBA, 5920:(PaST, 5862:(MOST, 5850:MeerKAT 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