890:
956:
972:
1006:
989:
1023:
907:
95:
644:
578:
518:
923:
631:
874:
71:
939:
550:. Larvae usually acquire these chemicals, and may retain them in the adult stage, but adults can acquire them, too, by regurgitating decomposing plants containing the compounds and sucking up the fluid. Adults can transfer the defenses to their eggs, and males sometimes transfer them to females to help with defense of the eggs. Larval "hairs" may be stinging in some species, due to histamines their caterpillars make.
309:. The Arctiidae as a whole have been reclassified to represent this relationship. The family was lowered to subfamily status as the Arctiinae within the Erebidae. The subfamilies and tribes of Arctiidae were lowered to tribes and subtribes, respectively, of this new Arctiinae to preserve the internal structure of the group.
1840:
Dowdy, NJ; Keating, SK; Lemmon, AR; Lemmon, EM; Conner, WE; Scott
Chialvo, CH; Weller, SJ; Simmons, RB; Sisson, MS; Zaspel, JM (2020). "A deeper meaning for shallow-level phylogenomic studies: nested anchored hybrid enrichment offers great promise for resolving the tiger moth tree of life
592:
never comes to the light. Basking to accelerate digestion is common in the larval stages, and social behaviour may range from solitary to gregarious. Like most
Lepidoptera, larvae produce a small silk pad before each moult, in which their prolegs are engaged.
678:'s caterpillar—the most familiar woolly bear in North America. More brown than black is said to mean a mild winter, while more black than brown is supposed to mean a harsh winter. However, the relative width of the black band varies among
503:(hairs) on the larvae, wing venation, and a pair of glands near the ovipositor. The sounds are used in mating and for defense against predators. Another good distinguishing character of the subfamily is presence of anal glands in females.
1085:
Fibiger, Michael; Hacker, Hermann (June 29, 2005). "Systematic List of the
Noctuoidea of Europe (Notodontidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae)".
1818:
Dubatolov VV (2006) Cladogenesis of tiger-moths of the subfamily
Arctiinae: development of a cladogenetic model of the tribe Callimorphini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) by the SYNAP method.
273:
refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the
Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the
499:
for hearing, a trait with a fairly broad distribution in the
Lepidoptera, but the location and structure is distinctive to the subfamily. Other distinctive traits are particular
530:
Many species retain distasteful or poisonous chemicals acquired from their host plants. Some species also have the ability to make their own defenses. Common defenses include
602:) overwinter in the caterpillar stage. They can survive freezing at moderate subzero temperatures by producing a cryoprotectant chemical. The larvae of another species,
585:
Many of the caterpillars and adults are active during the daytime, but most species of this taxon are night-flying. Moths are attracted by light, but one species,
1744:
The
Afrotropical Tiger-Moths. An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae).
627:, an abundant and highly polyphagous tree-feeding species that has spread from North America to Asia and Europe, does not do lasting damage to healthy hosts.
1746:
1891:
Dubatolov, VV (2008). "Analysis of Insect
Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere by the Example of the Subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Artctiidae)".
447:
Taxa of the same background color represent the same group of species before and after its lowering of taxonomic rank, despite the change of suffixes.
209:
1545:
1757:
Watson, A (1971). "An illustrated
Catalog of the Neotropic Arctiinae type in the United States National Museum (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Part 1".
889:
1825:
Dubatolov VV (2008) Construction of the phylogenetic model for the genera of the tribe
Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) with the SYNAP method.
245:
with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as
596:
If disturbed, woolly bear caterpillars roll into a tight spiral or drop from their perch suspended by a strand of silk. Isabella tiger moths (
2242:
2004:
1523:
1357:"What kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? A phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Euchromiini)"
1871:
A cladistic study of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) by using characters of immatures and adults. Thomas Say publications in entomology.
17:
2216:
1832:
Dubatolov VV (2009) Development of a phylogenetic model for the tribe Micrarctiini (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) by the SYNAP method.
1722:
Ferguson, DC; Opler, PA (2006). "Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada".
1696:
Dubatolov, VV (2010). "Tiger-moths of Eurasia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) (Nyctemerini by Rob de Vos & Vladimir V. Dubatolov)".
971:
1546:"Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog : Forecast for the winter of 2005-2006:: Part I, the woolly bears | Weather Underground"
1942:
1683:
2221:
512:
955:
682:, not according to weather. The mythical qualities attributed to woolly bears in America have led to such things as the
606:, may be found on snow seeking a place to pupate. Species in Arctic and temperate belts overwinter in the larval stage.
1005:
1980:
1798:
Da Costa, MA; Weller, SJ (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of Callimorphini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae)".
2182:
988:
1873:
2247:
687:
565:
that sting. The ultrasound signals help nocturnal predators to learn to avoid the moths, and for some species can
2298:
2195:
1592:
Bates, DL; Fenton, MB (1990). "Aposematism or startle? Predators learn their responses to the defenses of prey".
1233:
313:
Changes in taxon ranks and names are due to the classification of the former Arctiidae as the current Arctiinae.
2010:
2018:
2229:
2026:
2047:
1022:
670:
hold that "woolly bears" (or "woolly worms" in the South) help humans predict the weather, similar to the
609:
Some tiger moths produce ultrasonic clicks in response to the echolocation of bats to protect themselves.
2293:
2115:
1553:
1642:
Dunning, DC; Acharya, L; Merriman, CB; Ferro, LD (1992). "Interactions between bats and arctiid moths".
1506:
Layne, JR; Kuharsky, DK (2000). "Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear caterpillar (
1455:
Hristov, NI; Conner, WE (2005). "Sound strategy: acoustic aposematism in the bat–tiger moth arms race".
1184:
699:
663:
459:
1663:
Fullard, JH; Fenton, MB; Simmons, JA (1979). "Jamming bat echolocation: the clicks of arctiid moths".
94:
2288:
1970:
1965:
2042:
938:
811:
495:. This organ has membranes that are vibrated to produce ultrasonic sounds. They also have thoracic
1930:
1072:
834:
470:
384:
42:
38:
2260:
2034:
1147:"Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico"
873:
2068:
1293:"The evolution of chemical defenses and mating systems in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)"
1043:
1012:
978:
717:
667:
587:
539:
1985:
906:
2255:
2000:
922:
691:
2057:
2164:
1464:
1413:
1324:
Ritsuo Nishida (2002). "Sequestration of defensive substances from plants by Lepidoptera".
897:
725:
598:
566:
523:
181:
1333:
8:
2106:
1028:
962:
683:
675:
81:
51:
1468:
1417:
1404:
Dunning, DC; Roeder, KD (1965). "Moth sounds and the insect-catching behavior of bats".
2283:
1908:
1858:
1630:
1488:
1437:
1381:
1356:
1309:
1292:
1201:
1127:
880:
849:
825:
792:
786:
557:
bright coloration, unusual postures, odours, or in adults, ultrasonic vibrations. Some
531:
89:
1928:
Tiger moths and woolly bears : behavior, ecology, and evolution of the Arctiidae.
674:. The forthcoming severity of a winter may be indicated by the amount of black on the
623:
Although abundant, few species in this subfamily are of economic importance. Even the
2151:
1938:
1862:
1527:
1480:
1429:
1386:
1337:
1252:
1122:
1105:
803:
775:
1912:
1492:
1441:
1205:
1174:
Simmons, RB; Conner, WE (1996). "Ultrasonic signals in the defense and courtship of
1131:
2156:
1900:
1877:
1850:
1807:
1766:
1731:
1672:
1651:
1622:
1601:
1519:
1472:
1421:
1376:
1368:
1329:
1304:
1242:
1193:
1154:
1146:
1117:
612:
Many species are polyphagous in the larval stage. Monophagous species, such as the
285:
The subfamily was previously classified as the family Arctiidae of the superfamily
2120:
1425:
2234:
2190:
2177:
995:
946:
929:
819:
749:
703:
496:
1904:
1811:
1735:
1476:
37:"Woolly worm" redirects here. For the artificial fly used in fly fishing, see
2277:
2091:
1934:
760:
740:
660:
643:
613:
205:
1975:
2130:
1778:
Watson, A; Goodger, DT (1986). "Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger-moths".
1770:
1531:
1524:
10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000301)286:4<367::aid-jez4>3.0.co;2-f
1484:
1433:
1390:
1372:
1341:
1159:
766:
624:
577:
294:
290:
274:
218:
190:
1256:
1247:
1220:
517:
297:
studies have shown that the group is most closely related to litter moths
2203:
2100:
1829:
88(7):833-837. Translated from: Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 87(3):653–658
731:
630:
554:
535:
361:
298:
198:
146:
50:"Footman moth" redirects here. For the moth species with that name, see
2143:
1955:
1854:
1634:
1197:
648:
492:
491:
The most distinctive feature of the subfamily is a tymbal organ on the
475:
417:
413:
409:
388:
365:
337:
332:
286:
156:
30:
For the former subfamily Arctiinae of the former family Arctiidae, see
70:
2208:
1836:
89(3):306–313. Translated from: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal. 88(4):438–445
1750:
1613:
Dunning, DC; Krüger, M (1995). "Aposematic sounds in African moths".
913:
671:
547:
543:
480:
392:
302:
261:. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as
126:
106:
2062:
1676:
1655:
1626:
1605:
2138:
2085:
1225:
times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat
695:
656:
405:
378:
350:
306:
166:
31:
2169:
558:
1106:"Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)"
679:
136:
116:
855:
1641:
562:
500:
242:
1839:
1976:
Digital images of Neotropical Arctiidae and Geometridae
1684:
Science Fridays: Moths Can Escape Bats By Jamming Sonar
1145:
Lafontaine, Donald; Schmidt, Christian (19 Mar 2010).
277:
subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
1218:
1662:
1290:
458:
Many genera are classified into these tribes, while
1221:"Jamming bat echolocation: the dogbane tiger moth
2275:
249:(or tigers), which usually have bright colours,
1797:
1323:
1219:Fullard, JH; Simmons, JA; Sailant, PA (1994).
453:
1777:
1721:
1612:
1505:
1454:
1448:
1403:
1397:
1354:
1348:
1291:Weller, SJ; Jacobsen, NL; Conner, WE (1999).
1173:
1084:
1069:The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity
1317:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1591:
723:Banded woolly bear or Isabella tiger moth,
381:, Ctenuchini, Eudesmiini, Lithosiini, etc.
2058:Beattyville Woolly Worm Festival 2012 Site
1780:Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology
1212:
572:
553:The insects advertise these defenses with
69:
1971:Jamaica Arctiidae Digital colour "plates"
1890:
1695:
1380:
1308:
1297:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1279:
1246:
1158:
1121:
1966:Belize Arctiidae Digital colour "plates"
1884:
1791:
1689:
1063:
1061:
1059:
642:
629:
576:
516:
1708:
1263:
1167:
758:Dogbane tiger moth or delicate cycnia,
241:) are a large and diverse subfamily of
41:. For the Arctic woolly bear moth, see
14:
2276:
1994:Butterflies and Moths of North America
1756:
1568:
1103:
305:, which are subfamilies of the family
2067:
2066:
1841:(Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)".
1576:Caterpillars of Eastern North America
1499:
1334:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145121
1097:
1078:
1056:
2196:ed3e1cb3-fcf7-4824-b648-4d13bc132775
1759:Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
1711:Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera
1182:Stretch. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)".
513:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration
1585:
24:
1920:
1310:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01188.x
1104:Zahiri, Reza; et al. (2011).
709:
253:, which are usually much drabber,
25:
2310:
1948:
1709:Edwards, ED (1996). "Arctiidae".
1893:Contemporary Problems of Ecology
1874:Entomological Society of America
1355:Simmons, RB; Weller, SE (2002).
1144:
1123:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x
1021:
1004:
987:
970:
954:
937:
921:
905:
888:
872:
698:and the Woolly Worm Festival in
93:
1820:Euroasian Entomological Journal
1698:Neue Entomologische Nachrichten
1538:
1234:Journal of Experimental Biology
2030:, black and yellow lichen moth
2014:, spotted oleander caterpillar
1926:William Conner (ed.). (2009).
1869:Jacobson NL, Weller SJ (2002)
1742:Goodger DT, Watson A. (1995).
1138:
506:
486:
13:
1:
1578:. Princeton University Press.
1049:
227:Approximately 11,000 species
2007:Featured Creatures Web site
1426:10.1126/science.147.3654.173
561:moths that are poisonous or
460:others remain unclassified (
237:(formerly called the family
7:
1326:Annual Review of Entomology
1037:
638:
454:Tribes (former subfamilies)
442:Names and rank not changed
431:Names and rank not changed
280:
10:
2315:
1510:Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)".
1185:Journal of Insect Behavior
865:
510:
49:
36:
29:
2075:
1905:10.1134/S1995425508020033
1822:5(2):95–104 (in Russian).
1812:10.11646/zootaxa.1025.1.1
1736:10.11646/zootaxa.1299.1.1
1477:10.1007/s00114-005-0611-7
446:
224:
217:
196:
189:
90:Scientific classification
88:
77:
68:
63:
812:Euplagia quadripunctaria
581:Copulation in tiger moth
18:Arctiinae (erebid moths)
2022:, saltmarsh caterpillar
1931:Oxford University Press
1899:(2): 183–193, 194–203.
1073:Oxford University Press
1044:List of arctiine genera
839:Phragmatobia fuliginosa
835:Maltese ruby tiger moth
604:Phragmatobia fuliginosa
573:Behavior and life cycle
540:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
324:Current classification
44:Gynaephora groenlandica
39:Woolly Worm (imitation)
2299:Moths of North America
1771:10.5479/si.00810282.50
1373:10.1098/rspb.2002.1970
1160:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
1013:Halysidota tessellaris
979:Platyprepia virginalis
718:Halysidota tessellaris
652:
635:
634:Tiger moth laying eggs
588:Borearctia menetriesii
582:
527:
269:. The scientific name
2256:Paleobiology Database
1885:Distribution analyses
1843:Systematic Entomology
1792:Phylogenetic analyses
1690:Main species catalogs
1269:Holloway JD. (1988).
1248:10.1242/jeb.194.1.285
1110:Systematic Entomology
817:Milkweed tiger moth,
646:
633:
580:
520:
321:Former classification
2191:Fauna Europaea (new)
1834:Entomological Review
1827:Entomological Review
1574:Wagner, DL. (2005).
1550:www.wunderground.com
1508:Pyrrharctia isabella
1067:Scoble, MJ. (1995).
898:Hypercompe scribonia
830:Callimorpha dominula
801:Hickory tiger moth,
797:Hypercompe scribonia
784:Grote's Bertholdia,
726:Pyrrharctia isabella
688:Woolly Worm Festival
599:Pyrrharctia isabella
567:jam bat echolocation
524:Pyrrharctia isabella
521:Banded woolly bear,
78:Harnessed tiger moth
2043:entnem.ifas.ufl.edu
2038:, Edwards wasp moth
1717:(278–286): 368–370.
1469:2005NW.....92..164H
1457:Naturwissenschaften
1418:1965Sci...147..173D
1328:. 47:57-92: 57–92.
1276:: Family Arctiidae.
1271:The Moths of Borneo
1030:Aglaomorpha histrio
963:Apantesis phalerata
895:Giant leopard moth
809:Jersey tiger moth,
684:Woollybear Festival
676:Isabella tiger moth
314:
82:Apantesis phalerata
53:Barsine cuneonotata
2294:Aposematic animals
2049:Utetheisa ornatrix
1981:SZM Digital images
1956:"Family Arctiidae"
1855:10.1111/syen.12433
1198:10.1007/BF02208978
881:Grammia parthenice
850:Utetheisa ornatrix
826:Scarlet tiger moth
793:Giant leopard moth
787:Bertholdia trigona
653:
636:
583:
532:cardiac glycosides
528:
312:
301:and the Old World
225:1,400–1,500 genera
27:Subfamily of moths
2271:
2270:
2069:Taxon identifiers
2028:Lycomorpha pholus
2012:Empyreuma affinis
1986:"Nais Tiger Moth
1943:978-0-19-532737-3
1747:Apollo Books Aps.
1650:(11): 2218–2223.
1556:on 26 August 2012
1412:(3654): 173–174.
1367:(1495): 983–990.
1361:Proc R Soc Lond B
1227:Eptesicus fuscus.
804:Lophocampa caryae
776:Garden tiger moth
754:Manulea lurideola
715:Pale tiger moth,
451:
450:
231:
230:
185:
16:(Redirected from
2306:
2289:Moth subfamilies
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2235:NHMSYS0000501294
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2199:
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2186:
2185:
2173:
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2160:
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2133:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2064:
2063:
2036:Lymire edwardsii
1916:
1878:Lanham, Maryland
1866:
1815:
1787:
1774:
1739:
1718:
1705:
1680:
1659:
1638:
1609:
1586:Other references
1579:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1542:
1536:
1535:
1503:
1497:
1496:
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1446:
1445:
1401:
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1125:
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1076:
1065:
1025:
1008:
991:
974:
958:
944:Final instar of
941:
925:
909:
892:
876:
771:Hyphantria cunea
736:Spilarctia lutea
315:
311:
180:
98:
97:
73:
61:
60:
21:
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2114:
2105:
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2099:
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2084:
2071:
2020:Estigmene acrea
1951:
1923:
1921:Further reading
1887:
1794:
1692:
1677:10.1139/z79-076
1656:10.1139/z92-298
1627:10.2307/2388998
1606:10.1139/z90-009
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901:
893:
884:
877:
868:
745:Tyria jacobaeae
712:
710:Notable species
647:Caterpillar on
641:
620:), are scarce.
618:Tyria jacobaeae
575:
515:
509:
497:tympanal organs
489:
456:
293:group. Recent
283:
226:
213:
202:
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92:
79:
57:
48:
35:
28:
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2239:
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2200:
2187:
2178:Fauna Europaea
2174:
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2125:
2112:
2097:
2081:
2079:
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2061:
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2055:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
1997:
1990:(Drury, 1773)"
1988:Apantesis nais
1983:
1978:
1973:
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1963:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1946:
1945:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1867:
1849:(4): 874–893.
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1775:
1754:
1740:
1719:
1706:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1671:(3): 647–649.
1660:
1639:
1621:(2): 227–231.
1610:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1567:
1537:
1518:(4): 367–371.
1498:
1463:(4): 164–169.
1447:
1396:
1347:
1316:
1303:(4): 557–578.
1278:
1262:
1211:
1192:(6): 909–919.
1176:Euchaetes egle
1166:
1137:
1096:
1077:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1003:
1001:
996:Apantesis arge
993:
986:
984:
976:
969:
967:
960:
953:
951:
947:Euchaetes egle
943:
936:
934:
930:Arctia villica
927:
920:
918:
911:
904:
902:
894:
887:
885:
878:
871:
867:
864:
863:
862:
860:Muxta xanthopa
853:
845:
832:
823:
820:Euchaetes egle
815:
807:
799:
790:
782:
773:
764:
756:
750:Common footman
747:
738:
729:
721:
711:
708:
704:North Carolina
640:
637:
574:
571:
508:
505:
488:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
462:incertae sedis
455:
452:
449:
448:
444:
443:
440:
437:
433:
432:
429:
426:
422:
421:
403:
400:
396:
395:
382:
376:
372:
371:
368:
358:
354:
353:
348:
345:
341:
340:
335:
330:
326:
325:
322:
319:
282:
279:
229:
228:
222:
221:
215:
214:
203:
194:
193:
187:
186:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
86:
85:
75:
74:
66:
65:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2311:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:(50): 1–361.
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1223:Cycnia tenera
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1071:. Second ed.
1070:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1002:
999:, caterpillar
998:
997:
990:
985:
982:, caterpillar
981:
980:
973:
968:
965:
964:
957:
952:
949:
948:
940:
935:
932:
931:
924:
919:
916:
915:
908:
903:
900:
899:
891:
886:
883:
882:
875:
870:
869:
861:
857:
854:
852:
851:
847:Ornate moth,
846:
844:
840:
836:
833:
831:
827:
824:
822:
821:
816:
814:
813:
808:
806:
805:
800:
798:
794:
791:
789:
788:
783:
781:
777:
774:
772:
768:
765:
763:
762:
761:Cycnia tenera
757:
755:
751:
748:
746:
742:
741:Cinnabar moth
739:
737:
733:
730:
728:
727:
722:
720:
719:
714:
713:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:in Ohio, the
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:
658:
650:
645:
632:
628:
626:
621:
619:
615:
614:cinnabar moth
610:
607:
605:
601:
600:
594:
591:
589:
579:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
525:
519:
514:
504:
502:
498:
494:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
465:
463:
445:
441:
439:Many species
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
424:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
390:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
342:
339:
336:
334:
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
317:
316:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
183:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
153:Superfamily:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
76:
72:
67:
62:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2076:
2051:, bella moth
2048:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
1993:
1987:
1959:
1927:
1896:
1892:
1870:
1846:
1842:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1762:
1758:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1668:
1664:
1647:
1643:
1618:
1614:
1597:
1593:
1575:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
1540:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1325:
1319:
1300:
1296:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1150:
1140:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1068:
1029:
1011:
994:
977:
961:
945:
928:
912:
896:
879:
859:
848:
842:
838:
829:
818:
810:
802:
796:
785:
779:
770:
767:Fall webworm
759:
753:
744:
735:
724:
716:
654:
625:fall webworm
622:
617:
611:
608:
603:
597:
595:
586:
584:
552:
536:cardenolides
529:
522:
490:
461:
457:
428:Many genera
329:Superfamily
295:phylogenetic
291:monophyletic
284:
275:Lymantriinae
270:
267:woolly worms
266:
263:woolly bears
262:
258:
255:lichen moths
254:
250:
246:
238:
234:
232:
197:
191:Type species
176:
80:
58:
52:
43:
2204:iNaturalist
2101:Wikispecies
1960:Insecta.pro
1241:: 285–298.
1116:: 102–124.
780:Arctia caja
732:Buff ermine
692:Beattyville
507:Aposematism
487:Description
362:Lithosiinae
360:Arctiinae,
299:Herminiinae
247:tiger moths
199:Arctia caja
173:Subfamily:
147:Lepidoptera
2278:Categories
1665:Can J Zool
1644:Can J Zool
1615:Biotropica
1594:Can J Zool
1560:13 January
1512:J Exp Zool
1180:E. bolteri
1178:Drury and
1153:(40): 26.
1050:References
843:melitensis
700:Banner Elk
649:Asteraceae
555:aposematic
548:histamines
511:See also:
493:metathorax
476:Lithosiini
418:Lithosiina
414:Eudesmiina
410:Ctenuchina
389:Lithosiini
370:Arctiinae
366:Syntominae
357:Subfamily
347:Arctiidae
338:Noctuoidea
333:Noctuoidea
318:Taxon rank
287:Noctuoidea
259:wasp moths
157:Noctuoidea
127:Arthropoda
64:Arctiinae
2284:Arctiinae
2121:Arctiinae
2107:Arctiinae
2077:Arctiinae
1863:218787287
1600:: 49–52.
1093:: 93–205.
1087:Esperlana
914:Nyctemera
672:groundhog
664:Northeast
544:pyrazines
481:Syntomini
399:Subtribe
393:Syntomini
303:Aganainae
289:and is a
271:Arctiinae
239:Arctiidae
235:Arctiinae
219:Diversity
177:Arctiinae
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
2170:49318679
2139:BugGuide
2128:BioLib:
2086:Wikidata
1935:New York
1913:34805999
1880:, 98 pp.
1806:: 1–94.
1753:, 55 pp.
1730:: 1–33.
1704:: 1–106.
1532:10684559
1493:18306198
1485:15772807
1442:12047544
1434:14220453
1391:12028753
1342:11729069
1206:29457006
1132:84249695
1038:See also
1016:, cocoon
696:Kentucky
661:American
657:folklore
639:Folklore
471:Arctiini
436:Species
406:Arctiina
402:—
385:Arctiini
379:Arctiini
351:Erebidae
307:Erebidae
281:Taxonomy
206:Linnaeus
167:Erebidae
163:Family:
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
32:Arctiini
2131:1229590
2092:Q655316
1999:on the
1954:Family
1800:Zootaxa
1786:: 1–71.
1751:Denmark
1724:Zootaxa
1635:2388998
1465:Bibcode
1414:Bibcode
1406:Science
1382:1690985
1257:7964403
1151:ZooKeys
866:Gallery
680:instars
659:of the
420:, etc.
344:Family
251:footmen
143:Order:
137:Insecta
133:Class:
2261:245054
2222:693997
2183:446880
1941:
1911:
1861:
1633:
1530:
1491:
1483:
1440:
1432:
1389:
1379:
1340:
1255:
1204:
1130:
655:Local
546:, and
425:Genus
375:Tribe
257:, and
184:, 1815
2248:30225
2209:47606
2157:BJ7KJ
2144:39177
1909:S2CID
1859:S2CID
1631:JSTOR
1489:S2CID
1438:S2CID
1202:S2CID
1128:S2CID
856:Muxta
841:ssp.
668:South
666:and
651:plant
563:wasps
559:mimic
501:setae
243:moths
182:Leach
2243:NCBI
2217:ITIS
2005:IFAS
1939:ISBN
1804:1025
1728:1299
1562:2022
1528:PMID
1481:PMID
1430:PMID
1387:PMID
1338:PMID
1253:PMID
534:(or
233:The
210:1758
2230:NBN
2165:EoL
2152:CoL
2116:AFD
1901:doi
1851:doi
1808:doi
1767:doi
1732:doi
1673:doi
1652:doi
1623:doi
1602:doi
1520:doi
1516:286
1473:doi
1422:doi
1410:147
1377:PMC
1369:doi
1365:269
1330:doi
1305:doi
1243:doi
1239:194
1194:doi
1155:doi
1118:doi
690:in
538:),
265:or
2280::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2118::
2103::
2088::
2003:/
2001:UF
1992:.
1958:.
1937:.
1933::
1907:.
1895:.
1876:|
1857:.
1847:45
1845:.
1802:.
1782:.
1763:50
1761:.
1749::
1726:.
1713:.
1702:65
1700:.
1669:57
1667:.
1648:70
1646:.
1629:.
1619:27
1617:.
1598:68
1596:.
1548:.
1526:.
1514:.
1487:.
1479:.
1471:.
1461:92
1459:.
1436:.
1428:.
1420:.
1408:.
1385:.
1375:.
1363:.
1359:.
1336:.
1301:68
1299:.
1295:.
1281:^
1251:.
1237:.
1231:.
1200:.
1188:.
1149:.
1126:.
1114:37
1112:.
1108:.
1091:11
1089:.
1058:^
858:,
837:,
828:,
795:,
778:,
769:,
752:,
743:,
734:,
706:.
702:,
694:,
569:.
542:,
466:.
416:,
412:,
408:,
391:,
387:,
364:,
208:,
1996:.
1962:.
1915:.
1903::
1897:1
1865:.
1853::
1814:.
1810::
1784:1
1773:.
1769::
1738:.
1734::
1715:4
1679:.
1675::
1658:.
1654::
1637:.
1625::
1608:.
1604::
1564:.
1534:.
1522::
1495:.
1475::
1467::
1444:.
1424::
1416::
1393:.
1371::
1344:.
1332::
1313:.
1307::
1274:6
1259:.
1245::
1229:"
1208:.
1196::
1190:9
1163:.
1157::
1134:.
1120::
1075:.
616:(
590:,
464:)
212:)
204:(
56:.
47:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
