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316:. The archivolts of the Saint-Anne portal are pointed, a classic feature of Gothic archways. The archivolts are lined with several small sculptures of people, these sculptures have been identified as coming from both the twelfth and thirteenth century. Several restorations have been performed on the Saint-Anne archivolts, which was discovered as a result of the slightly varying stylistic features of the archivolts and colour differences in the stone the archivolt is made of. These sculptures on the portal and its archivolts depict specific people that were significant to the church and the community it served, both as religious icons, and figures of societal power at the time of its design, such as King Louis VIII, bishops involved with the church, Jesus and several members of his family.
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422:. The arrival of pilgrims and the subsequent increased notoriety led to vast renovations, resulting in its complex and grand artistic style. The importance of what is happening at the time of a portal’s construction, as well as its church’s intended audience is demonstrated by the design of the portal’s tympanum, which contains a large sculpture of Jesus Christ in its centre, with Magdalene depicted facing Christ at his feet. This highlights the significance of the Abbey’s purpose as a pilgrimage site to its design.
289:. The archivolts of the Saint-Denis Cathedral are one of the earliest examples of the use of complex sculptures and inscriptions on church entrances as a means of communication in Gothic churches. As the archivolts of Saint-Denis Cathedral were designed in the very early stages of Gothic architecture, there are still instances of features that characterise Romanesque architecture such as the use of drapery in the sculptures of the portal.
161:
As demonstrated by
Rudolph Conrad, this evolution in the utilisation of church architecture came about simultaneously with the significant advances of categorising, maintaining and sharing large amounts of information that was happening in the twelfth century. The application of this in the design of
125:
columns, each archway usually has several layered archivolts. While this basic structure and placement of archivolts is usually present, the specific artistic features of archivolts change frequently as a result of when and where they were designed and what kind of church they are a feature of. The
390:
in 1979. This classification is due to its well preserved
Burgundian Romanesque art and its importance as a religious site to Christians in the Middle Ages. The portal has a rounded arch, classic to the Romanesque style and is densely populated with many different sculptures and mouldings. The
158:, and they served to create and delineate sacred space.” The use of portals and the mouldings on their archivolts as a separation between the outside public domain and the holy space inside a church was an innovative idea to communicate knowledge about the church and theology observed inside.
403:
The peripheral figures of the archivolt compartments and the lintel blocks are divided into Jews on the left, led by Peter holding the keys just to the left of Christ, and gentiles on the right, led by Paul seated immediately to the right of Christ. That the gentile audience of the passage is
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in the twelfth century and constructed during the thirteenth century. While it is generally accepted that the portals on the west facing side of Saint-Denis cathedral have most of the Early Gothic architectural features, as claimed by Pamela Blum, there is still some debate about whether the
190:
The complexity of church portals and the subsequent significance of their mouldings and the designs of their archivolts was first observed on a wide scale on
Romanesque churches, seen primarily in the eleventh century through to the early thirteenth century. The Romanesque period of church
84:
space of the church and the external world. The presence of archivolts on churches is seen throughout history, although their design, both architecturally and artistically, is heavily influenced by the period they were built in and the churches they were designed for.
191:
architecture is when stone sculpture began to become a common feature of church portals, specifically the use of Christ, on the archivolts and surrounds to signify the beginning of holy space. Romanesque portals and archivolts are most often rounded, as seen in
515:
153:
The use of stone sculpture on the outside of churches was first widely seen in the eleventh century. The later utilisation of these mouldings and sculptures is depicted by Calvin
Kendall, “ concerned themselves with the spiritual well-being of
404:
frequently enjoined to enter the Church in a state of peace is also visualized, through the depiction of the leading (gentile) figure on the right lintel relinquishing his sword blade-downward, in an emphatically pacifist gesture.
230:. This is seen in the symbolism of both the artistic and architectural features of Gothic portals and their archivolts. The classic pointed arch of Gothic portals and archivolts is used to direct people’s eyes above, to
256:
cathedral is more accurately characterised as Gothic or
Romanesque due to the multiple restorations that have been done on the Cathedral in varying artistic and architectural styles since it was built.
134:
portals a rounded archway is to be expected. These rounded and pointed features are also seen inside the church, where Gothic churches have pointed vaults, and
Romanesque churches have rounded ones.
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308:’s Mother and Jesus Christ’s Grandmother. The portal displays some of the different aspects of Jesus Christ’s life, like his Grandparents Anne (whom the portal is dedicated to) and
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Gothic architecture, predominately found between in mid-twelfth century and the sixteenth century was the successor to
Romanesque architecture, and is often viewed as the birth of
262:
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The west-side of the cathedral is home to three church portals, all of which contain archivolts. In 1140 these three portals and the west-end of Saint-Denis
Cathedral were
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Romanesque period most people were not able read, so these sculptures were able to depict important events central to the
Christian faith and convey
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in the case of a rectangular opening. The word is sometimes used to refer to the under-side or inner curve of the arch itself (more properly, the
234:, a constant reminder of the presence of God and an encouragement to focus on the sacred and heavenly aspects of life, and not the earthly ones.
274:
1179:
Conrad, Rudolph (2010). "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the
Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis".
1152:
Conrad, Rudolph (2010). "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis".
845:
Rudolph, Conrad (2010). "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis".
1388:"The Tympanum of the Portal of Saint-Anne at Notre Dame de Paris and the Iconography of the Division of the Powers in the Early Middle Ages"
150:
of a church, the moldings of the layered arches depicting a theological journey from outside the church to the sacred atmosphere inside it.
162:
archivolts is shown through the complex theological stories and messages that are represented by the detailed design of many archivolts.
62:. It is composed of bands of ornamental mouldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening, corresponding to the
522:
1497:
Low, Peter (2012). "Innovation and Spiritual Value in Medieval Monastic Art: The Case of the Main Narthex Portal at VĂ©zelay".
1470:
Low, Peter (2012). "Innovation and Spiritual Value in Medieval Monastic Art: The Case of the Main Narthex Portal at VĂ©zelay".
675:
Low, Peter (2012). "Innovation and Spiritual Value in Medieval Monastic Art: The Case of the Main Narthex Portal at VĂ©zelay".
648:
Low, Peter (2012). "Innovation and Spiritual Value in Medieval Monastic Art: The Case of the Main Narthex Portal at VĂ©zelay".
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artwork on the Vézelay Abbey’s portal depicts messages and figures such as scenes from the Book of Acts, Christ, Apostles and
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were found there, which made it a site of significant religious importance and consequently it became a popular site for
1343:
Clark, William; Ludden, Franklin (1986). "Notes on the Archivolts of the Sainte-Anne Portal of Notre-Dame de Paris".
1300:
Clark, William; Ludden, Franklin (1986). "Notes on the Archivolts of the Sainte-Anne Portal of Notre-Dame de Paris".
1221:
Clark, William; Ludden, Franklin (1986). "Notes on the Archivolts of the Sainte-Anne Portal of Notre-Dame de Paris".
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is a French cathedral, known as one of the founding examples of Gothic Christian architecture, it was designed by
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story or depict religious figures and ideologies of the church in order to represent the gateway between the
195:. This was significant to the role of the church as both a building and congregational place as during the
820:
Kendall, Calvin (2016). "Portal Inscriptions, Liminal Transformation, and the Creation of Sacred Space".
623:
Kendall, Calvin (2016). "Portal Inscriptions, Liminal Transformation, and the Creation of Sacred Space".
211:
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Archivolts are usually found as a part of a church portals, on the underside of the arches above the
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1564:"Macro/Microcosm at VĂ©zelay: The Narthex Portal and Non-elite Participation in Elite Spirituality"
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30:
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Archivolts first became a feature on the entrance of churches in France and Spain during the
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Ullrich, James (2014). "Vezelay Abbey: Sacred Site of Pilgrimages and Crusades".
1524:
Ullrich, James (2014). "Vezelay Abbey: Sacred Site of Pilgrimages and Crusades".
1433:
Ullrich, James (2014). "Vezelay Abbey: Sacred Site of Pilgrimages and Crusades".
924:
The Allegory of the Church : Romanesque Portals and Their Verse Inscriptions
874:
The Allegory of the Church : Romanesque Portals and Their Verse Inscriptions
797:
The Allegory of the Church : Romanesque Portals and Their Verse Inscriptions
572:
414:
The Benedictine Monks that founded the VĂ©zelay Abbey claimed that the remains of
395:. The sculptures and mouldings on the portal’s archivolts display events of the
93:
The word originates in the Italian (or French) equivalents of the English words
415:
1615:
1510:
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661:
1033:
The Gothic Enterprise : A Guide to Understanding the Medieval Cathedral
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of the church that the public may have otherwise been unable to understand.
822:
The Allegory of the Church: Romanesque Portals and Their Verse Inscriptions
625:
The Allegory of the Church: Romanesque Portals and Their Verse Inscriptions
383:
313:
286:
72:). Most commonly archivolts are found as a feature of the arches of church
27:
Ornamental molding or band following the curve on the underside of an arch
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1086:
196:
143:
304:
was built in Paris during the twelfth century in honour of Sainte-Anne,
76:. The mouldings and sculptures on these archivolts are used to convey a
991:
Fletcher, Margaret; Polley, Robbie (2021). "Medieval and Renaissance".
947:
Fletcher, Margaret; Polley, Robbie (2021). "Medieval and Renaissance".
897:
Fletcher, Margaret; Polley, Robbie (2021). "Medieval and Renaissance".
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81:
63:
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758:"Within, Around, Between: Micro Pilgrimage and the Archivolted Portal"
719:"Within, Around, Between: Micro Pilgrimage and the Archivolted Portal"
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was built in France in the ninth century on a hill in the village of
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1607:
University of Pittsburgh, Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture
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146:. They are believed to have evolved as a compressed version of the
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1035:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 109–121.
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Central Portal on the West Facade of the Saint Denis Cathedral
252:
184:
147:
122:
95:
59:
1210:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–2.
972:
Leisinger, Hermann (1958). "Romanesque Church Portals".
1141:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 1.
1108:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 1.
1075:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 1.
1056:
Schmidt, Alvin (2012). "Gothic Church Architecture".
1016:
Schmidt, Alvin (2012). "Gothic Church Architecture".
995:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 86.
951:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 80.
901:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 80.
702:
Schmidt, Alvin (2012). "Gothic Church Architecture".
292:
1208:
Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals
1139:
Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals
1106:
Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals
1073:
Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals
926:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 53.
876:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 51.
824:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 33.
799:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 53.
627:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 33.
602:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 12.
58:or band following the curve on the underside of an
1613:
1499:The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
1472:The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
677:The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
650:The Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
1392:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
521:A 1911 image showing the central church of the
990:
946:
896:
320:Detail on the Archivolts of Sainte-Anne Portal
130:portals a pointed archway is iconic, while in
179:Romanesque portal with rounded archivolts on
126:shape of the arch is an example of this, in
1342:
1299:
1220:
1058:The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization
1018:The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization
704:The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization
300:portal situated on the west facade of the
137:
1579:
971:
922:Kendall, Calvin (2016). "I am the Door".
872:Kendall, Calvin (2016). "I am the Door".
795:Kendall, Calvin (2016). "I am the Door".
215:Gothic Portal with pointed archivolts on
280:West Facade of the Saint Denis Cathedral
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29:
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34:Archivolts on the South Portal of the
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993:Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide
949:Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide
899:Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide
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1124:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis
1091:Basilique Cathédrale de Saint-Denis
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647:
600:A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
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24:
577:Buffalo as an Architectural Museum
547:Monastery of Santa MarĂa de Sigena
293:The Sainte-Anne Portal, Notre Dame
25:
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36:Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres
1193:10.1111/j.1467-8365.2010.00767.x
1166:10.1111/j.1467-8365.2010.00767.x
859:10.1111/j.1467-8365.2010.00767.x
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1562:Rudolph, Conrad (1 July 2021).
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434:A Portal of the VĂ©zelay Abbey
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1457:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
598:Ching, Francis D.K. (1995).
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7:
446:Facade of the VĂ©zelay Abbey
312:, and his parents Mary and
10:
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1453:"VĂ©zelay, Church and Hill"
541:14 archivolts enclose the
451:
388:UNESCO world heritage site
1120:"History of the Monument"
1087:"History of the Monument"
1031:Scott, Robert A. (2011).
762:Hispanic Research Journal
723:Hispanic Research Journal
399:, from the Book of Acts,
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1511:10.1215/10829636-1720616
1484:10.1215/10829636-1720616
689:10.1215/10829636-1720616
662:10.1215/10829636-1720616
138:Evolution of archivolts
1627:Architectural elements
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228:Christian architecture
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187:
43:
1386:Cahn, Walter (1969).
1206:Blum, Pamela (1992).
1137:Blum, Pamela (1992).
1104:Blum, Pamela (1992).
1071:Blum, Pamela (1992).
756:Abel, Mickey (2009).
717:Abel, Mickey (2009).
545:entranceway into the
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249:Saint-Denis Cathedral
243:Saint-Denis Cathedral
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33:
1545:Renaissance Magazine
1526:Renaissance Magazine
1435:Renaissance Magazine
471:Strasbourg Cathedral
217:St Theobald's Church
181:Saint-Sulpice church
1283:"Saint Anne Portal"
1265:"Saint Anne Portal"
109:Structural features
54:) is an ornamental
523:Church of St. John
503:Orihuela Cathedral
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193:Roman architecture
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166:Historical context
121:and ending on the
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384:Benedictine Monks
117:, bracketing the
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253:Abbott Suger
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1181:Art History
1160:(33): 569.
1154:Art History
853:(33): 573.
847:Art History
573:"Archivolt"
298:Sainte-Anne
287:consecrated
156:worshippers
78:theological
1616:Categories
1601:References
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1505:(3): 663.
1478:(3): 658.
683:(3): 657.
656:(3): 657.
543:Romanesque
302:Notre Dame
201:ideologies
171:Romanesque
144:Reconquest
132:Romanesque
64:architrave
18:Archivolts
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1420:192346327
1373:193477348
1330:193477348
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980:(75): 73.
782:194031839
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583:12 August
559:Footnotes
527:Yaroslavl
489:, Germany
397:Pentecost
89:Etymology
48:archivolt
42:, France.
1568:Speculum
1551:(6): 33.
1532:(6): 33.
1441:(6): 33.
529:, Russia
507:Orihuela
473:, France
467:tympanum
420:pilgrims
407:—
197:medieval
115:tympanum
69:intrados
56:moulding
52:voussure
40:Chartres
974:Graphis
553:, Spain
509:, Spain
452:Gallery
380:VĂ©zelay
310:Joachim
74:portals
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314:Joseph
232:heaven
207:Gothic
128:Gothic
119:lintel
1586:S2CID
1416:S2CID
1408:JSTOR
1369:S2CID
1361:JSTOR
1345:Gesta
1326:S2CID
1318:JSTOR
1302:Gesta
1247:S2CID
1239:JSTOR
1223:Gesta
778:S2CID
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469:from
221:Thann
185:Paris
102:vault
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629:ISBN
604:ISBN
585:2016
374:The
306:Mary
247:The
148:nave
123:jamb
99:and
96:arch
82:holy
60:arch
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