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815:. St. Louis is home to a large collection of flounder houses, which are narrow homes with side entry but having a sloped roof moving from a side wall to another side wall, often with the gable facing the street. In the working-class neighborhoods of St. Louis where space was at a premium, tenement houses often faced a street while flounder houses faced an alleyway on the same lot.
624:), St. Louis remained largely a refuge for French settlers. Hence, St. Louis remained largely a refuge for French architecture well into the late 18th century. Three distinct types of residential construction existed in early St. Louis, all of which reflected a French influence. The most common was the French Colonial
264:
Only a few civic buildings were constructed during the early 19th century. The original St. Louis courthouse was built in 1826 and featured a
Federal-style stone facade with a rounded portico. However, this courthouse was replaced during the renovation and expansion of the building in the 1850s. The
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Few civic buildings existed during the French period, during which time government business often was conducted at the home of the governor (usually the home of Pierre
Laclede). The first (and only) religious structure was a palisaded church now, built circa 1770, which was replaced in the early
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construction method. Fachwerk construction generally has been enclosed in wooden siding, making such homes appear to be traditional frame homes. Because of the relative difficulty of fachwerk construction, few homes were built after 1840 using the technique. Almost all examples of fachwerk
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with several innovative living features, the project ultimately was demolished in the 1970s. Although
Cochran Gardens' management was turned over to a tenant association in 1976, it later returned to city control in the 1990s and was demolished in 2008 after several years of decay.
788:). Similar in style to the country homes of the same period, urban homes in St. Louis were of the Greek Revival, Federal and Italianate styles. Many homes in St. Louis were constructed in a vernacular blending of these forms, even in then-fashionable areas such as Lucas Park or
674:
The third style of early St. Louis homes was a rock house. Only the wealthiest St. Louisans might afford a home built entirely of rock walls with a masonry foundation due to the difficulty of construction. The earliest house in St. Louis, the home of
706:
style or were built with central hallways connecting a two-room house. Such rural homes often were overtaken by the rapidly expanding city and demolished. However, some rural homes were more developed and became integrated into the
701:
The earliest
American homes in St. Louis were crude, usually of log construction. Outlying homes in the farmlands were minimally ornamented and were usually of one or two-room construction. However, some rural homes were of the
800:(1851), was a prime example of a mixture of Federal and Italianate styles in the city. The Shaw City House later was moved to the Missouri Botanical Garden in the 1890s. One of the oldest extant townhouses in the city is the
163:, was an exuberant movie palace that once seated more than 5,000 and was the second-largest cinema in the United States. Since 1982, it has been used as a performance hall. Another venue in Midtown built in the 1920s is the
834:, residential developments with large mansions with commonly owned facilities like streets and gardens. Dating from between 1865 and 1910, many of these developments remain well-preserved and functioning private enclaves.
464:
Shortly after the Civil War, St. Louis rapidly increased its school system and hospital system. One of the earliest structures and the oldest extant hospital building in St. Louis is the St. Louis Insane Asylum (now the
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style, with traditional brick, dormers, cornices, and strict symmetry. A prime example of St. Louis
Colonial Revival is located at 47 Portland Place. Much of St. Louis' working-class housing in the 1920s and 1930s were
962:
of historic structures of St. Louis. These include the
Landmarks Association of St. Louis (a private organization operating since the 1960s) and the Cultural Resource Office (a city government agency that maintains a
907:(including St. Louis) to the United States in 1804, more Americans began moving to the village. These Americans built homes of frame construction prior to the mid-1810s, but after this point, began building using
765:
construction exist within the
Soulard or Carondelet neighborhoods. German immigrants also brought with them a tradition of stone house construction, with several examples remaining in the Carondelet neighborhood.
1268:
503:(1912). The Old Post Office and the St. Louis Public Library have recently been renovated. In 1923 the city passed an $ 87 million bond issue for the re-development of the Civic Plaza along the lines of the
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1332:
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St. Louis' residential stock expanded dramatically during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Like many other cities, St. Louis has its share of
Victorian homes, including a fair number of
130:. Some warehouse and factory buildings of the early 20th century have been transformed into local attractions, such as the International Shoe factory building and its renovation into the St. Louis
257:). The Basilica was built between 1831 and 1834 in the Federal style. Other religious buildings from the period include SS. Cyril and Methodius Church (1857) in the Romanesque Revival style and
96:(1891) features strong base-pediment-shaft massing and an insistently vertical pattern of ornament; his Union Trust Building of 1893 was stripped of its cave-like street-level ironwork in 1924.
1322:
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project replaced the DeSoto-Carr neighborhood with its 33 eleven-story towers. By the mid-to-late 1960s, these projects had become decayed themselves. Although Pruitt–Igoe was designed by
277:
dome and for being the tallest structure in
Missouri until 1894. Finally, a customs house was constructed in the Greek Revival style in 1852 but was demolished and replaced in 1873 by the
853:(at No. 28 Portland Place, built in 1919). However, new styles of architecture were not confined to private developments. In areas further west, St. Louis homes show the influence of the
92:
during the late 19th century. Two of Louis
Sullivan's important early skyscrapers stand among a crop of similar office buildings and department stores built up between 1890 and 1915. His
472:
As St. Louis expanded, the city hall was moved further west of downtown to its present location in 1904 (construction began in 1892). St. Louis City Hall, still in use, was designed by
284:
Because much of the city's early commercial and industrial development was centered along the riverfront, many pre-Civil War buildings were demolished during the construction of the
205:
911:. Some photographs exist of these early structures and of French residences from the 18th century; however, no examples of colonial-era structures are known to exist in St. Louis.
488:
311:
St. Louis saw a vast expansion in the variety and number of religious buildings during the late 19th century and early 20th century. The largest and most ornate of these is the
278:
741:(1849) was originally constructed in the Federal Style, only later to be rebuilt and enlarged in Greek Revival. One of the more notable rural Italianate homes in St. Louis was
873:, which appear throughout south St. Louis. At the same time, the central corridor extending west from downtown saw an increase in low-rise and high-rise apartment buildings.
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1861:
249:
Several examples of religious structures are extant from the pre-Civil War period, and most reflect the common residential styles of the time. Among the earliest is the
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2038:
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style. The St. Louis Cathedral, as it is known, has one of the largest mosaic collections in the world. Another landmark in the religious architecture of St. Louis is
655:(posts on sill) method, in which a wood-frame home was built on a heavy wood sill set atop a masonry and rock foundation. Roofing was similar to the palisaded homes.
679:, was made of rock. Similar to the palisade and post-in-sill homes, rock houses tended to have steeply pitched roofs with a gradual slope on galleries and porches.
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1599:
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718:, with simple and symmetrical façades, shuttered windows, and minimal ornament. Although many such homes were built, only a handful survive. Among these is the
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967:). Another organization that works to preserve existing structures but pioneered in salvaging important elements prior to demolition or major remodels is the
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1677:
719:
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Early in the 20th century (and during the years before and after the 1904 World's Fair), several churches moved to the Central West End neighborhood, near
288:. The city's remaining architectural heritage of the era includes a multi-block district of cobblestone streets and brick and cast-iron warehouses called
742:
686:
401:
serving as its administrative center. Its architectural legacy is somewhat scattered. Among the fair-related cultural institutions in the park are the
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324:
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640:. According to the St. Louis Preservation Commission, at least two-thirds of St. Louis homes in the late 18th century were of this type.
201:
768:
1847:
469:). The asylum is built of brick in the Italianate style, complete with a cast-iron dome and cupola reminiscent of the Old Courthouse.
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942:, constructed in 1953 and home to white residents until 1956 when the project was integrated. Shortly after the construction of
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145:, a group of theaters and skyscraper office buildings was constructed between the Central West End and downtown, such as the
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The earliest buildings in St. Louis were constructed in the French Colonial style. Although Spain took possession of the
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After the 1950s, suburban expansion reduced the commercial and residential density of the city, while in 1957, nearby
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Some of the more opulent residential architecture of the 1920s and 1930s was among these apartments and hotels. The
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The first Catholic church in St. Louis, built in 1770, later replaced with the Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
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Some less ornamented urban house designs also originated in the pre-Civil War period. These include a variety of
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457:, surrounded by a collection of similar tombs for the great old St. Louis families, interesting for their late-
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Then into the 1940s and 1950s, a certain subgenre of St. Louis modernism emerged, with the locally important
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931:, became an alternative to downtown St. Louis for commercial construction in the 1960s and 1970s. Various
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Some notable post-modern commercial skyscrapers were built downtown in the 1970s and 1980s, including the
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During the 1990s, St. Louis saw the construction of the largest United States courthouse by area, the
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1982:
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was built afterward, with the profit from the fair. But 1904 left other assets to the city, like
189:(1989), which is the tallest building in St. Louis. One US Bank Plaza, the local headquarters for
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Other significant civic buildings from the late 19th century and early 20th century include the
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796:(1851), which has been renovated and operated as a museum. Another of Henry Shaw's homes, the
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movement. This development resulted in some of St. Louis's major civic architecture: the
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along the riverfront. Other industrial buildings from the era include some portions of the
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167:
27:
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Postcard photograph of a building from early St. Louis, showing palisade wall construction
8:
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projects cleared several low-income areas of St. Louis for residential housing projects.
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constructed in the United States. Architectural influences reflected in the area include
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212:. The most recent high-rise buildings in St. Louis include two residential towers: the
171:
578:, whose major work in St. Louis is the Chancery Building (1965) on the grounds of the
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1949:
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381:, St. Louis was the fourth largest city in the country. In 1904, the city hosted a
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409:, part of the remaining lagoon at the foot of Art Hill, and the Flight Cage at the
292:. Now popular for its restaurants and nightclubs, the district is located north of
114:
Beyond Sullivan's work, other significant downtown skyscrapers of those years were
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1934:
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370:, which is a concentration of several historic religious structures, such as the
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The more developed rural homes in early St. Louis often bear the mark of the
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563:
418:
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320:
134:. However, some buildings of significance have been demolished, such as the
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2219:
1919:
1333:
National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis County, Missouri
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1190:
838:
827:
637:
587:
531:
522:
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473:
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355:
293:
285:
51:
39:
23:
861:(especially within what is now the West Cabanne Place Historic District).
574:. St. Louis also was the headquarters for postwar modernist bank designer
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119:
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2405:
2289:
1967:
850:
730:
571:
458:
190:
1350:
Extensive archive of descriptions and photos of St. Louis architecture
1328:
National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis (city, M–Z)
1323:
National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Louis (city, A-L)
923:
eliminated its height limitations on buildings. Clayton, which is the
784:
The majority of urban homes were of the townhouse type (also known as
760:
Other early influences included German architecture, specifically the
170:(1925), formerly a cinema and vaudeville theater, now the home of the
18:
2455:
2395:
2340:
2269:
2239:
1392:
1213:
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1031:
958:
In recent years, several organizations have attempted to promote the
633:
551:
543:
274:
43:
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1408:
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261:(completed in 1867, designed in 1859) in the Gothic Revival style.
224:
in the Central West End, the tallest building outside of downtown.
55:
47:
2375:
2335:
703:
206:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri
826:. During the late 19th century, St. Louis became significant in
682:
354:
The central branch of the St. Louis Public Library, designed by
2485:
2445:
2299:
1349:
38:
exhibits a variety of commercial, residential, and monumental
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2385:
2380:
2365:
2315:
1884:
908:
837:
Among the significant styles found in the private places are
273:) was completed in 1864 and was notable for having an early
204:(completed in 2000). The Eagleton Courthouse is home to the
70:, European influenced, French Second Empire, Victorian, and
2470:
2390:
193:, was constructed for the Mercantile Bancorporation in the
938:
The first of these projects was the relatively successful
590:, centerpiece of the 91-acre (370,000 m) riverside
197:
style, emphasizing the steel structure of the building.
864:
After World War I, many new homes began to reflect the
880:
neighborhood features several examples, including the
582:. The culmination of St. Louis modern architecture is
1869:
725:
Other rural styles found in early St. Louis included
542:, and a series of daring modern civic landmarks like
210:
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
366:and the fairgrounds. The neighborhood features the
331:. Among the other major designs of the period were
1607:
1276:Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis
1262:townhouses surround the city's oldest public park
914:
566:, was built in 1967 and continues to carry three
2645:
722:(1820), now a restaurant and banquet facility.
792:. Among the homes with a blended style is the
1855:
1593:
1370:
480:. City Hall also is reminiscent of the famed
319:and constructed between 1907 and 1914 in the
586:'s magnificent stainless-steel gesture, the
811:, narrow-front houses with side entry, and
202:Thomas F. Eagleton United States Courthouse
1862:
1848:
1600:
1586:
1377:
1363:
974:
888:style) and Hampden Hall (built in 1925 in
845:(at No. 9 Portland Place, built in 1897),
227:
896:1810s (and replaced again in 1834 by the
632:wood beams for walls. Roofs consisted of
467:Metropolitan St. Louis Psychiatric Center
767:
681:
665:
657:
521:
431:
349:
302:
237:
98:
17:
556:Lambert-St. Louis International Airport
341:Second Presbyterian Church of St. Louis
339:) (1867) in the Gothic Revival and the
2646:
562:, a 647-foot (197 m) long (197m) deck
84:List of tallest buildings in St. Louis
2659:Buildings and structures in St. Louis
1843:
1581:
1358:
898:Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
592:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
251:Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
243:Basilica of St. Louis, King of France
597:
554:, and the main terminal building at
451:Charlotte Dickson Wainwright's tomb
88:St. Louis was home to a cluster of
13:
1295:Washington University in St. Louis
1162:Washington University in St. Louis
441:Washington University in St. Louis
399:Washington University in St. Louis
307:St. Louis City Hall, built in 1904
14:
2670:
1871:Architecture of the United States
1343:
749:in 1849), built in what was then
372:First Church of Christ, Scientist
300:, which date to the early 1860s.
1561:
1560:
1386:
1283:
1267:
1251:
1236:
1220:
1198:
1183:
1168:
1153:
1139:
1124:
1110:
1095:
1080:
1066:
1048:
965:list of St. Louis city landmarks
489:U.S. Customhouse and Post Office
279:U.S. Customhouse and Post Office
234:Landmarks of St. Louis, Missouri
216:in the Central West End and the
2184:Sarasota School of Architecture
1318:List of public art in St. Louis
1074:Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis
849:(at No. 1 Hortense Place), and
779:
696:
651:. Such homes were built in the
580:Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis
313:Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis
267:Old St. Louis County Courthouse
1313:History of St. Louis, Missouri
1118:Washington Terrace (St. Louis)
915:Urban renewal and preservation
775:, built as a townhouse in 1829
614:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)
368:Holy Corners Historic District
77:
1:
2309:Building types and vernacular
1608:Architecture of North America
969:National Building Arts Center
391:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
327:, which is an example of the
159:(1929). The Fox, designed by
253:(locally referred to as the
7:
1301:
128:Merchants Exchange Building
10:
2675:
2275:New Classical architecture
1907:Colonial and post-colonial
1291:Danforth University Center
1245:Bissell Street Water Tower
1059:Downtown St. Louis skyline
929:St. Louis County, Missouri
753:'s garden, later becoming
604:Neighborhoods of St. Louis
601:
231:
222:One Hundred Above the Park
136:St. Louis Century Building
81:
2654:Architecture of St. Louis
2620:
2494:
2308:
2212:
2072:
2024:
1998:
1960:
1905:
1877:
1806:
1663:
1613:
1555:
1420:
1399:
1041:
755:Missouri Botanical Garden
649:French colonial tradition
526:The southern half of the
478:Renaissance Revival style
150:Continental-Life Building
126:, and the now-demolished
116:Railway Exchange Building
36:architecture of St. Louis
2194:Spanish Colonial Revival
2034:Richardsonian Romanesque
1229:Grand Avenue Water Tower
1147:St. Louis Science Center
1133:Compton Hill Water Tower
855:Arts and Crafts Movement
622:French rebellion in 1768
620:(and defended against a
497:St. Louis Public Library
345:Richardsonian Romanesque
195:Structural expressionist
122:, the Fagin Building by
1338:Streetcars in St. Louis
1176:St. Louis Union Station
975:Architects of St. Louis
739:Chatillon-DeMenil House
495:(1873) and the stately
423:St. Louis Union Station
415:Missouri History Museum
259:Christ Church Cathedral
228:Landmarks and monuments
187:One Metropolitan Square
2127:Dutch Colonial Revival
884:(built in 1931 in the
882:Chase Park Plaza Hotel
776:
693:
671:
663:
643:The second type was a
618:Treaty of Paris (1763)
535:
455:Bellefontaine Cemetery
443:
403:Saint Louis Art Museum
359:
329:Polish Cathedral style
308:
298:Anheuser-Busch Brewery
269:(locally known as the
246:
245:(a.k.a. Old Cathedral)
220:located downtown, and
111:
31:
2371:Hall and parlor house
2331:Central-passage house
2152:Mediterranean Revival
1878:Native and indigenous
946:, the later-infamous
798:Henry Shaw City House
794:Joseph Campbell House
771:
685:
669:
661:
602:Further information:
525:
513:Civil Courts Building
482:HĂ´tel de Ville, Paris
453:on the north side of
435:
353:
333:St. Alphonsus Liguori
325:St. Stanislaus Kostka
306:
241:
232:Further information:
102:
82:Further information:
21:
2351:Critical regionalism
2044:American Renaissance
1278:Police Headquarters.
689:, built in 1849 for
576:Wenceslaus Sarmiento
560:Poplar Street Bridge
550:, the geodesic-dome
168:Powell Symphony Hall
72:modern architectural
2199:Territorial Revival
2142:International style
2112:California bungalow
2102:American Foursquare
1211:Second Empire style
1104:Wainwright Building
820:Second Empire-style
720:Lewis Bissell House
610:Louisiana territory
530:skyline behind the
104:Wainwright Building
94:Wainwright Building
2250:Mid-century modern
2097:American Craftsman
2086:Streamline Moderne
1308:Caves of St. Louis
802:Eugene Field House
777:
773:Eugene Field House
694:
672:
664:
626:vertical-log house
536:
528:Downtown St. Louis
509:Soldiers' Memorial
444:
425:, and an improved
360:
335:(locally known as
309:
247:
172:St. Louis Symphony
112:
32:
2641:
2640:
2213:Post–World War II
1925:Colonial Georgian
1837:
1836:
1575:
1574:
1435:Board of Alderman
1404:Greater St. Louis
1393:City of St. Louis
1011:William B. Ittner
1001:Charles B. Clarke
991:Thomas P. Barnett
986:George I. Barnett
921:Clayton, Missouri
905:sale of Louisiana
747:George I. Barnett
743:Tower Grove House
687:Tower Grove House
647:, usually in the
628:, constructed of
598:Residential forms
493:Alfred B. Mullett
317:Thomas P. Barnett
290:Laclede's Landing
179:One US Bank Plaza
143:Midtown St. Louis
124:Charles B. Clarke
90:early skyscrapers
50:is known for the
28:Laclede's Landing
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711:of St. Louis.
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677:Pierre Laclede
599:
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505:City Beautiful
447:Louis Sullivan
437:Brookings Hall
395:Brookings Hall
315:, designed by
271:Old Courthouse
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108:Louis Sullivan
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2537:Jacksonville
2426:Quiggly hole
2265:Neo-futurism
2260:Neo-eclectic
2220:Blobitecture
2073:Late-19th to
1983:Neoclassical
1978:Jeffersonian
1920:First Period
1792:
1758:Philadelphia
1738:Miami Modern
1723:Jacksonville
1559:
1425:Architecture
1424:
1207:Grand Center
1191:Gateway Arch
960:preservation
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839:Chateauesque
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828:urban design
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780:Urban houses
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697:Rural houses
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607:
588:Gateway Arch
537:
532:Gateway Arch
501:Cass Gilbert
486:
474:Harvey Ellis
471:
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445:
407:Cass Gilbert
405:designed by
383:world's fair
376:
361:
356:Cass Gilbert
336:
310:
294:Gateway Arch
286:Gateway Arch
283:
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199:
185:(1986), and
181:(1976), the
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52:Gateway Arch
40:architecture
35:
33:
22:View of the
15:
2587:San Antonio
2562:New Orleans
2552:Los Angeles
2542:Kansas City
2476:Town square
2461:Sweat lodge
2411:Plank house
2361:Earth lodge
2179:PWA Moderne
2054:Stick style
1950:Territorial
1778:San Antonio
1773:Puerto Rico
1743:New Orleans
1728:Kansas City
1633:Quebec City
1532:Skyscrapers
1027:John Mauran
948:Pruitt–Igoe
925:county seat
709:street grid
645:frame house
568:Interstates
548:Planetarium
427:Forest Park
389:called the
387:Forest Park
379:1900 census
364:Forest Park
157:Fox Theatre
132:City Museum
120:John Mauran
78:Skyscrapers
2648:Categories
2451:Skyscraper
2406:Moki steps
2401:Longhouses
2295:Tiny-house
2290:Shed style
2280:Postmodern
2107:Beaux-Arts
2059:Queen Anne
2011:Italianate
1988:Antebellum
1824:Costa Rica
1645:St. John's
1527:Public art
1178:Grand Hall
903:After the
851:Jacobethan
843:Beaux-Arts
751:Henry Shaw
731:Italianate
691:Henry Shaw
572:U.S. route
484:, France.
459:Gilded Age
343:(1900) in
191:US Bancorp
118:(1913) by
106:(1891) by
2607:St. Louis
2547:Las Vegas
2456:Sod house
2396:Log cabin
2341:Corn crib
2270:Neomodern
2245:High-tech
2240:Earthship
2225:Brutalist
2026:Victorian
1793:St. Louis
1733:Las Vegas
1678:Allentown
1655:Vancouver
1502:Landmarks
1497:Hospitals
1480:Geography
1465:Education
1440:City Hall
1214:townhouse
1089:Climatron
1032:Gyo Obata
871:bungalows
822:homes in
630:palisaded
552:Climatron
544:Gyo Obata
534:(center.)
461:artwork.
449:designed
275:cast-iron
44:St. Louis
2582:Portland
2522:Columbus
2326:Cape Cod
2321:Barabara
2082:Art Deco
1890:Builders
1768:Portland
1763:Plymouth
1703:Columbus
1628:Montreal
1566:Category
1490:Timeline
1409:Missouri
1302:See also
1258:Rows of
892:style).
886:Art Deco
857:and the
830:for its
804:(1829).
762:fachwerk
616:and the
570:and one
421:'s 1894
374:(1904).
208:and the
74:styles.
56:monument
48:Missouri
2602:Spokane
2597:Seattle
2532:Houston
2527:Detroit
2517:Chicago
2512:Buffalo
2502:Atlanta
2466:Temples
2436:Saltbox
2376:I-house
2336:Chickee
2300:Usonian
2235:Dingbat
2092:Pre-war
2064:Shingle
1973:Federal
1814:Bermuda
1788:Seattle
1718:Houston
1708:Detroit
1698:Chicago
1693:Buffalo
1683:Atlanta
1650:Toronto
1485:History
1460:Economy
1455:Cuisine
1445:Culture
1430:Airport
704:I-house
476:in the
413:. The
377:By the
2628:Hawaii
2621:States
2507:Boston
2495:Cities
2486:Wigwam
2446:Sipapu
2431:Ramada
2255:Modern
2189:Rustic
2137:Googie
1915:Creole
1897:Pueblo
1829:Mexico
1807:Others
1688:Boston
1673:Albany
1640:Ottawa
1623:Quebec
1615:Canada
1537:Sports
1522:Police
1517:People
1231:, 1871
1042:Images
737:. The
733:, and
634:thatch
558:. The
515:, and
511:, the
358:(1912)
64:German
2633:Texas
2572:Omaha
2557:Miami
2481:Tupiq
2421:Qargi
2386:Jacal
2381:Igloo
2366:Hogan
2316:Adobe
2285:Ranch
1885:Mound
1753:Omaha
1512:Parks
1450:Crime
909:brick
393:with
26:from
2471:Tipi
2391:Kiva
2167:Deco
2049:Folk
1968:Adam
1819:Cuba
1475:Flag
1470:Fire
1243:the
1227:Old
1131:The
1102:the
1087:the
34:The
24:Arch
1293:in
1036:HOK
1034:of
927:of
900:).
636:or
546:'s
499:by
491:by
439:at
397:of
385:at
141:In
2650::
1209:,
971:.
841:,
757:.
729:,
594:.
519:.
429:.
347:.
281:.
174:.
138:.
66:,
62:,
46:,
42:.
2088:)
2084:(
1863:e
1856:t
1849:v
1601:e
1594:t
1587:v
1378:e
1371:t
1364:v
110:.
30:.
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