39:
327:
31:
177:
323:, which was launched in 1839 and named in honor of Archimedes and his work on the screw. Developments in maritime transport occurred over the next 180 years from the Fawcett, Preston and Company double blade design and patents by Sharrow Marine to address rotary propulsion and flow control on boating vessels through loop propellers. Electricity generation through hydropower pumps such as the Meriden project operated by New England Hydropower also uses Archimedes screw to direct water into the top, rather than the bottom, of the screw which forces it to rotate.
1791:
885:
350:
1907:
376:(ASTs) are a new form of generator for small hydroelectric powerplants that could be applied even in low-head sites. The low rotation speed of ASTs reduces negative impacts on aquatic life and fish. This technology is used primarily at fish hatcheries to lift fish safely from ponds and transport them to another location. An Archimedes screw was used in the successful 2001 stabilization of the
205:, was composed of tubes wound round a cylinder; as the entire unit rotates, water is lifted within the spiral tube to the higher elevation. A later screw pump design from Egypt had a spiral groove cut on the outside of a solid wooden cylinder and then the cylinder was covered by boards or sheets of metal closely covering the surfaces between the grooves.
899:. It is contained within a tube and turned by a motor to deliver material from one end of the conveyor to the other and particularly suitable for transport of granular materials such as plastic granules used in injection moulding. It may also be used to transport liquids. In industrial control applications, the conveyor may be used as a
419:
The contact surface between the screw and the pipe does not need to be perfectly watertight, as long as the amount of water being scooped with each turn is large compared to the amount of water leaking out of each section of the screw per turn. If water from one section leaks into the next lower one,
944:
If water is fed into the top of an
Archimedes screw, it will force the screw to rotate. The rotating shaft can then be used to drive an electric generator. Such an installation has the same benefits as using the screw for pumping: the ability to handle very dirty water and widely varying rates of
415:
surface surrounding a central cylindrical shaft) inside a hollow pipe. The screw is usually turned by windmill, manual labor, cattle, or by modern means, such as a motor. As the shaft turns, the bottom end scoops up a volume of water. This water is then pushed up the tube by the rotating helicoid
278:
and was launched by
Archimedes who designed device with a revolving screw-shaped blade inside a cylinder to remove any potential water leaking through the hull. Archimedes' screw was turned by hand, and could also be used to transfer water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation canals.
423:
In some designs, the screw is fused to the casing and they both rotate together, instead of the screw turning within a stationary casing. The screw could be sealed to the casing with pitch resin or other adhesive, or the screw and casing could be cast together as a single piece in bronze.
604:
78:. It is a reversible hydraulic machine, and there are several examples of Archimedes screw installations where the screw can operate at different times as either pump or generator, depending on needs for power and watercourse flow.
439:
Studies show that the volume of flow passes through
Archimedes screws is a function of inlet depth, diameter and rotation speed of the screw. Therefore, the following analytical equation could be used to design Archimedes screws:
89:
ditches, water is lifted by turning a screw-shaped surface inside a pipe. In the modern world, Archimedes screw pumps are widely used in wastewater treatment plants and for dewatering low-lying regions. Run in reverse,
435:
was built of wood strips (or occasionally bronze sheeting) around a heavy wooden pole. A cylinder was built around the helices using long, narrow boards fastened to their periphery and waterproofed with pitch.
445:
1603:
Nuernbergk D. M.: "Wasserkraftschnecken – Berechnung und optimaler
Entwurf von archimedischen Schnecken als Wasserkraftmaschine", Verlag Moritz Schäfer, Detmold, 1. Edition. 2012, 272 papes,
294:
water screws show them being powered by a human treading on the outer casing to turn the entire apparatus as one piece, which would require that the casing be rigidly attached to the screw.
1600:
Nuernbergk, D. and Rorres C.: „An
Analytical Model for the Water Inflow of an Archimedes Screw Used in Hydropower Generation", ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Published: 23 July 2012
799:
1268:
744:
168:) and heads (0.1 m to 10 m), including low heads and moderate flow rates that is not ideal for traditional turbines and not occupied by high performance technologies.
1616:
Nagel, G.; Radlik, K.: Wasserförderschnecken – Planung, Bau und
Betrieb von Wasserhebeanlagen; Udo Pfriemer Buchverlag in der Bauverlag GmbH, Wiesbaden, Berlin (1988)
841:
681:
166:
131:
868:
821:
633:
380:. Small amounts of subsoil saturated by groundwater were removed from far below the north side of the tower, and the weight of the tower itself corrected the lean.
659:
1613:
Rorres C.: "The turn of the Screw: Optimum design of an
Archimedes Screw", ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Volume 126, Number 1, Jan.2000, pp. 72–80
703:
1333:
1306:
1593:
599:{\displaystyle D_{O}={\sqrt{\frac {16\pi Q}{\sigma \omega (2\theta _{O}-sin2\theta _{O}-\delta ^{2}(2\theta _{i}-sin(2\theta _{i}))}}}}
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312:(1405). This mechanism quickly replaced the ancient practice of working the pipe by treading. The world's first seagoing
748:
Based on the common standards that the
Archimedes screw designers use this analytical equation could be simplified as:
213:
30:
1771:
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1212:
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1371:
17:
1439:
1810:
1650:
753:
326:
1956:
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1085:
The
Archimedes' screw was developed in ancient Egypt and was subsequently used by Archimedes (287–212 b.c.)
228:
to describe casting water screws in bronze some 350 years earlier. This is consistent with Greek historian
1329:
1961:
870:, other design parameters of Archimedes screws can be calculated using a step-by-step analytical method.
252:, circa 234 BC. This tradition may reflect only that the apparatus was unknown to the Greeks before
1298:
1971:
1951:
1946:
1736:
1729:
233:
209:
1815:
1750:
1677:
1620:
282:
Archimedes never claimed credit for its invention, but it was attributed to him 200 years later by
427:
The design of the everyday Greek and Roman water screw, in contrast to the heavy bronze device of
1841:
1708:
983:
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988:
950:
708:
1035:
42:
Animation showing how
Archimedes screws can generate power if they are driven by flowing fluid
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1147:"Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World"
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Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World
958:
904:
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261:
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244:
The screw pump was later introduced from Hellenistic Egypt to Greece. It was described by
8:
1941:
1910:
1892:
1882:
1670:
1489:
895:
A screw conveyor is a similar device which transports bulk materials such as powders and
638:
358:
275:
1887:
1825:
1757:
1233:
1168:
998:
978:
911:
688:
400:
253:
194:
95:
34:
Animation showing how the Archimedes screw works, with the red balls representing water
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1877:
1856:
1805:
1715:
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1604:
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1574:
1573:, Technology and Change in History, vol. 2, Leiden, pp. 217–302 (242–251),
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plants because they cope well with varying rates of flow and with suspended solids.
176:
94:
act as a new form of small hydroelectric powerplant that can be applied even in low
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1290:
1160:
926:. On a much larger scale, Archimedes's screws of decreasing pitch are used for the
431:, with its problematic drive chains, has a powerful simplicity. A double or triple
369:
225:
1936:
1790:
1458:"Design Guideline for Hydropower Plants Using One or Multiple Archimedes Screws"
1931:
1778:
966:
923:
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396:
392:
384:
287:
286:, who believed that Archimedes invented the screw pump in Egypt. Depictions of
1925:
1549:
Greek and Roman mechanical water-lifting devices. The History of a Technology
1228:
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900:
373:
317:
303:
91:
75:
1510:
P. J. Kantert: "Manual for Archimedean Screw Pump", Hirthammer Verlag 2008,
1123:
The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced
884:
1164:
946:
291:
201:
before the 3rd century BC. The Egyptian screw, used to lift water from the
74:
who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in
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1764:
1367:
993:
954:
915:
428:
388:
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349:
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221:
1532:
P. J. Kantert: "Praxishandbuch Schneckenpumpe" - 2nd edition 2020, DWA,
1521:
P. J. Kantert: "Praxishandbuch Schneckenpumpe", Hirthammer Verlag 2008,
1743:
1693:
918:
machines and extrusion of plastics, which employ a screw of decreasing
354:
339:
245:
86:
71:
1474:
1457:
1146:
1003:
957:
schemes operating in England. The screw works well as a generator at
927:
922:
to compress and melt the material. It is also used in a rotary-screw
313:
266:
257:
67:
208:
Some researchers have proposed this device was used to irrigate the
907:
to deliver a measured rate or quantity of material into a process.
412:
331:
283:
1305:. Technology and Culture Volume 44, Number 1, January 2003 (PDF).
197:. The first records of a water screw, or screw pump, date back to
1493:
420:
it will be transferred upwards by the next segment of the screw.
217:
82:
1872:
1289:
962:
896:
335:
229:
1395:"Archimedes Screw Being Used To Generate Power At Meriden Dam"
98:
sites. Such generators operate in a wide range of flows (0.01
1662:
432:
249:
181:
1640:
The Turn of the Screw: Optimal Design of an Archimedes Screw
910:
A variant of the Archimedes screw can also be found in some
306:
equipped the Archimedes screw with a crank mechanism in his
1456:
YoosefDoost, Arash; Lubitz, William David (December 2021).
271:
202:
85:
used for lifting water from a low-lying body of water into
330:
Modern Archimedes' screw which have replaced some of the
184:
from the 1950s which uses the Archimedes' screw mechanism
1490:"Windsor Castle water turbine installed on River Thames"
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383:
Other inventions using Archimedes screws include the
139:
104:
1261:"Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists, BOOK V., chapter 40"
274:. It is said to have been the largest ship built in
1419:"Meriden power plant uses Archimedes Screw Turbine"
1204:
One hundred greatest science inventions of all time
1232:
1179:
1066:. Standard Educational Corp. 1978. p. A-257.
961:, commonly found in English rivers, including the
862:
835:
815:
803:The value of η could simply determinate using the
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738:
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675:
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627:
598:
260:quotes a certain Moschion in a description on how
160:
125:
1455:
683:: Rotation speed of the Archimedes screw (rad/s)
1923:
1497:, 20 September 2011. Retrieved: 19 October 2017.
1565:Oleson, John Peter (2000), "Water-Lifting", in
1332:. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
1145:Dalley, Stephanie; Oleson, John Peter (2003).
1034:Stewart, Bobby Alton; Terry A. Howell (2003).
1678:
416:until it pours out from the top of the tube.
297:
1144:
411:The Archimedes screw consists of a screw (a
270:, a luxury ship which would be a display of
1685:
1671:
1592:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1473:
1437:
1330:"Archimedes' screw – Optimal Design"
1327:
1235:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World
1207:. USA: Libraries Unlimited. pp. 6–.
1090:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
794:{\displaystyle D_{O}\approx \eta Q^{3/7}}
70:machines named after Greek mathematician
883:
348:
325:
175:
37:
29:
1482:
1104:. The Encyclopaedia Britannica Co. 2011
14:
1924:
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1016:
1852:List of things named after Archimedes
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1625:Medieval Technology and Social Change
1619:
1451:
1449:
1440:"Lift Water with an Archimedes Screw"
1354:
1200:
353:Archimedes screw as a form of art by
224:(704–681 BC) has been interpreted by
1571:Handbook of Ancient Water Technology
1194:
1140:
1138:
316:driven by a screw propeller was the
1374:from the original on 2 October 2011
188:
24:
1446:
1392:
1271:from the original on 15 March 2023
830:
248:, on the occasion of his visit to
239:
214:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
25:
1988:
1772:The Method of Mechanical Theorems
1632:
1336:from the original on 22 July 2012
1309:from the original on 16 July 2015
1135:
933:
1906:
1905:
1789:
1627:, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press
1431:
1411:
1386:
1360:
1348:
1321:
1283:
1040:. USA: CRC Press. p. 759.
888:An Archimedes' screw seen on a
264:commissioned the design of the
1692:
1651:Wolfram Demonstrations Project
1253:
1239:. Princeton University Press.
1221:
1115:
1102:Encyclopædia Britannica online
1054:
733:
712:
648:
642:
584:
581:
565:
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368:Archimedes screws are used in
13:
1:
1037:Encyclopedia of water science
216:. A cuneiform inscription of
193:The screw pump is the oldest
1723:On the Equilibrium of Planes
7:
1811:Archimedes's cattle problem
1438:Ben Finio (July 11, 2019).
972:
912:injection moulding machines
873:
843:graph. By determination of
10:
1993:
1967:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
1799:Discoveries and inventions
1737:On the Sphere and Cylinder
1730:Quadrature of the Parabola
1657:"Archimedes Screw Examples
1504:
1201:Haven, Kendall F. (2006).
937:
877:
298:Development and modern use
210:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
195:positive displacement pump
171:
1901:
1865:
1834:
1798:
1787:
1700:
1063:New Standard Encyclopedia
945:flow at high efficiency.
739:{\displaystyle (m^{3}/s)}
406:
92:Archimedes screw turbines
66:, is one of the earliest
1751:On Conoids and Spheroids
1551:, Dordrecht: D. Reidel,
1357:, pp. 105, 111, 168
1009:
236:as irrigated by screws.
1709:Measurement of a Circle
1642:, by Chris Rorres, PhD.
984:Screw-propelled vehicle
836:{\displaystyle \Theta }
705:: Volumetric flow rate
676:{\displaystyle \omega }
161:{\displaystyle m^{3}/s}
126:{\displaystyle m^{3}/s}
27:Water pumping mechanism
1442:. Scientific American.
1165:10.1353/tech.2003.0011
1152:Technology and Culture
989:Screw (simple machine)
953:are two reverse screw
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258:Athenaeus of Naucratis
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43:
35:
1847:Archimedes Palimpsest
1816:Archimedes' principle
1659:Various sources, 2021
1265:www.perseus.tufts.edu
887:
865:
863:{\displaystyle D_{O}}
838:
818:
816:{\displaystyle \eta }
796:
741:
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628:{\displaystyle D_{O}}
601:
378:Leaning Tower of Pisa
352:
329:
179:
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41:
33:
1842:Archimedes' heat ray
905:variable rate feeder
847:
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262:Hiero II of Syracuse
232:, who describes the
137:
102:
50:, also known as the
1957:Egyptian inventions
1893:Eutocius of Ascalon
1883:Apollonius of Perga
1647:"Archimedean Screw"
1393:HLADKY, GREGORY B.
930:of waste material.
654:{\displaystyle (m)}
276:classical antiquity
1962:Ancient inventions
1888:Hero of Alexandria
1826:Claw of Archimedes
1821:Archimedes's screw
1758:On Floating Bodies
1545:Oleson, John Peter
1295:Oleson, John Peter
1191:, pp. 242–251
1121:Stephanie Dalley,
999:Toroidal propeller
979:Archimedean spiral
893:
860:
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736:
695:
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401:chocolate fountain
366:
347:
334:used to drain the
186:
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56:hydrodynamic screw
44:
36:
1972:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1952:Rotating machines
1947:History of mining
1919:
1918:
1878:Eudoxus of Cnidus
1857:Pseudo-Archimedes
1806:Archimedean solid
1716:The Sand Reckoner
1649:by Sándor Kabai,
1609:978-3-87696-136-1
1538:978-3-88721-888-1
1527:978-3-88721-202-5
1516:978-3-88721-896-6
1475:10.3390/pr9122128
1291:Dalley, Stephanie
1246:978-0-691-03536-9
1131:978-0-19-966226-5
890:combine harvester
698:{\displaystyle Q}
594:
588:
199:Hellenistic Egypt
52:Archimedean screw
48:Archimedes' screw
16:(Redirected from
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180:A water pump in
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967:Windsor Castle
938:Main article:
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924:air compressor
880:Screw conveyor
878:Main article:
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397:concrete mixer
393:grain elevator
385:auger conveyor
374:Screw turbines
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64:Egyptian screw
26:
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940:Screw turbine
931:
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897:cereal grains
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304:Konrad Kyeser
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155:
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76:Ancient Egypt
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
32:
19:
1782:(apocryphal)
1777:
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1728:
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1714:
1707:
1639:
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1492:
1484:
1468:(12): 2128.
1465:
1461:
1433:
1422:. Retrieved
1413:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1362:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1300:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1264:
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1223:
1203:
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1156:
1150:
1122:
1117:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1084:
1077:. Retrieved
1062:
1056:
1036:
947:Settle Hydro
943:
909:
894:
802:
750:
747:
685:
663:
607:
442:
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426:
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265:
243:
207:
192:
80:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
45:
1977:Sennacherib
1765:Ostomachion
1399:courant.com
1189:Oleson 2000
1159:(1): 1–26.
994:Spiral pump
965:, powering
955:micro hydro
951:Torrs Hydro
916:die casting
429:Sennacherib
389:snow blower
363:Netherlands
344:Netherlands
309:Bellifortis
272:naval power
254:Hellenistic
222:Sennacherib
60:water screw
1942:Archimedes
1926:Categories
1744:On Spirals
1694:Archimedes
1424:2017-08-01
1404:2017-08-01
1378:22 January
1355:White 1962
1108:2011-03-24
928:compaction
355:Tony Cragg
340:Kinderdijk
320:Archimedes
246:Archimedes
87:irrigation
72:Archimedes
1462:Processes
1173:110119248
1004:Vitruvius
959:low heads
831:Θ
823:graph or
811:η
771:η
768:≈
671:ω
573:θ
554:−
545:θ
529:δ
525:−
516:θ
500:−
491:θ
481:ω
478:σ
470:π
332:windmills
314:steamship
267:Syracusia
68:hydraulic
1911:Category
1623:(1962),
1588:citation
1547:(1984),
1372:Archived
1334:Archived
1307:Archived
1269:Archived
1231:(1971).
1079:30 April
973:See also
874:Variants
284:Diodorus
218:Assyrian
133:to 14.5
1653:, 2007.
1569:(ed.),
1505:Sources
1494:bbc.com
1340:23 July
1313:23 July
1275:7 March
1098:"Screw"
413:helical
361:in the
342:in the
336:polders
256:times.
172:History
83:machine
1937:Screws
1873:Euclid
1607:
1577:
1555:
1536:
1525:
1514:
1243:
1211:
1171:
1129:
1070:
1044:
963:Thames
635:is in
608:where
407:Design
230:Strabo
1932:Pumps
1488:BBC.
1169:S2CID
1010:Notes
920:pitch
661:and:
433:helix
387:in a
292:Roman
288:Greek
250:Egypt
220:King
182:Egypt
81:As a
1605:ISBN
1594:link
1575:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1380:2011
1342:2007
1315:2007
1277:2023
1241:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1081:2020
1068:ISBN
1042:ISBN
949:and
399:and
290:and
203:Nile
96:head
46:The
1470:doi
1161:doi
903:or
357:at
338:at
318:SS
62:or
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1590:}}
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1181:^
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