624:. A report in December 1939, found that over one-quarter of the library's collection had not yet been cataloged. MacLeish solved the problem of acquisitions and cataloging through establishing another committee instructed to seek advice from specialists outside of the Library of Congress. The committee found many subject areas of the library to be adequate and many other areas to be, surprisingly, inadequately provided for. A set of general principles on acquisitions was then developed to ensure that, though it was impossible to collect everything, the Library of Congress would acquire the bare minimum of canons to meet its mission. These principles included acquiring all materials necessary to members of Congress and government officers, all materials expressing and recording the life and achievements of the people of the United States, and materials of other societies past and present that are of the most immediate concern to the peoples of the United States.
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long before, from deep within, from miles beyond, belonged together and might, if understood together, spell out the meaning which the mystery implies. The library, almost alone of the great monuments of civilization, stands taller now than it ever did before. The city decays. The nation loses its grandeur . The university is not always certain what it is. But the library remains: a silent and enduring affirmation that the great
Reports still speak, and not alone but somehow all together
643:. Perhaps his greatest display of public advocacy was requesting a budget increase of over a million dollars in his March 1940 budget proposal to Congress. While the library did not receive the full increase, it received an increase of $ 367,591, the largest one-year increase to date. Much of the increase went toward improved pay levels, increased acquisitions in underserved subject areas, and new positions. MacLeish resigned as Librarian of Congress on December 19, 1944, to take up the post of
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outreach. The committees alerted MacLeish to various problems throughout the library. Putnam was conspicuously not invited to attend these meetings, resulting in the librarian emeritus' feelings being "mortally hurt", but according to MacLeish, it was necessary to exclude Putnam; otherwise, "he would have been sitting there listening to talk about himself which he would take personally."
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for a luncheon in New York. At the meeting, Putnam relayed his intention to continue working at the library, that he would be given the title of librarian emeritus, and that his office would be down the hall from MacLeish's. The meeting further crystallized for MacLeish that as
Librarian of Congress,
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would need when the men landed was a poem. What the poet wrote would count most, but we also wanted to say to our readers, look, this paper does not know how to express how it feels this day and perhaps you don't either, so here is a fellow, a poet, who will try for all of us. We called one poet who
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was necessary. This was no surprise to MacLeish, who had 35 divisions under him. He divided the library's functions into three departments: administration, processing, and reference. All existing divisions were then assigned as appropriate. By including library scientists from inside and outside the
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MacLeish's chief accomplishments had their start in instituting daily staff meetings with division chiefs, the chief assistant librarian, and other administrators. He then set about setting up various committees on various projects, including acquisitions policy, fiscal operations, cataloging, and
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But if this is what a book is , then a library is an extraordinary thing. The existence of a library is, in itself, an assertion. It asserts that all these different and dissimilar reports, these bits and pieces of experience, manuscripts in bottles, messages from
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to the position. Bogan, who had long been a hostile critic of MacLeish's own writing, asked MacLeish why he appointed her to the position; MacLeish replied that she was the best person for the job. For MacLeish, promoting the
Library of Congress and the arts was vitally more important than petty
871:, and his work shows quite a bit of their influence. He was the literary figure who played the most important role in freeing Ezra Pound from St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, D.C., where he was incarcerated for high treason between 1946 and 1958. MacLeish's early work was very traditionally
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A question from MacLeish's daughter, Mimi, led him to realize, "Nothing is more difficult for the beginning librarian than to discover what profession he was engaged." Mimi, his daughter, had inquired about what her daddy was to do all day, "...hand out books?" MacLeish created his own job
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description and set out to learn about how the library was currently organized. In
October 1944, MacLeish described that he did not set out to reorganize the library, rather "...one problem or another demanded action, and each problem solved led on to another that needed attention."
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Library of
Congress, MacLeish was able to gain faith from the library community that he was on the right track. Within a year, MacLeish had completely restructured the Library of Congress, making it work more efficiently and aligning the library to "report on the mystery of things."
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has called MacLeish "one of the 100 most influential figures in librarianship during the 20th century" in the United States. MacLeish's career in libraries and public service began, not with an internal desire, but from a combination of the urging of a close friend,
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MacLeish became privy to
Roosevelt's views on the library during a private meeting with the President. According to Roosevelt, the pay levels were too low and many people would need to be removed. Soon afterward, MacLeish joined the retiring Librarian of Congress
570:" or sympathetic to communist causes. Calling to mind differences with the party he had over the years, MacLeish avowed, "no one would be more shocked to learn I am a Communist than the Communists themselves." In Congress, MacLeish's main advocate was
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descended upon
Washington, bringing with them their most promising graduate students, and set up shop in the headquarters of the Research and Analysis (R&A) Branch at Twenty-third and E Streets, and in the new annex to the Library of Congress."
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just did not think much of moons or us, and then decided to reach higher for somebody with more zest in his soul – for
Archibald MacLeish, winner of three Pulitzer Prizes. He turned in his poem on time and entitled it 'Voyage to the Moon.'"
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No true book was ever anything else than a report. A true book is a report upon the mystery of existence it speaks of the world, of our life in the world. Everything we have in the books on which our libraries are
1029:. These are the Archibald MacLeish Collection and the Archibald MacLeish Collection Addition. Additionally, more than 13,500 items from his papers and his personal library are held in the Archibald MacLeish Collection at
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and
Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish, set out immediately to recruit a professional staff drawn from across the social sciences. Over the next 12 months, academic specialists from fields ranging from
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libraries, alleviated the ALA letter-writing campaign against MacLeish's nomination." The main
Republican argument against MacLeish's nomination from within Congress was that he was a poet and was a "
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Katz, Barry M. 1991. "German Historians in the Office of Strategic Services." In: An Interrupted Past: German Speaking Refugee Historians in the United States After 1933. Pages 136-137.
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366:, was killed in action during the war. He graduated from law school in 1919, taught law for a semester for the government department at Harvard, then worked briefly as an editor for
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MacLeish worked to promote the arts, culture, and libraries. Among other impacts, MacLeish was the first Librarian of Congress to begin the process of naming what would become the
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to be named to the position. MacLeish found little value in Auslander's writing. However, MacLeish was happy that having Auslander in the post attracted many other poets, such as
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were assigned a committee to analyze the library's managerial structure. The committee issued a report a mere two months after it was formed, in April 1940, stating that a major
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MacLeish sought support from expected places such as the president of Harvard, MacLeish's current place of work, but found none. Support from unexpected places, such as
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In 1949, MacLeish became the Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard University. He held this position until his retirement in 1962. In 1959, his play
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with 63 senators voting in favor of MacLeish's appointment was achieved. MacLeish was sworn in as Librarian of Congress on July 10, 1939, by the local postmaster at
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In 1916, he married Ada Hitchcock, a musician. MacLeish had three children: Kenneth, Mary Hillard, and William, the author of a memoir of his father,
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In 1938, MacLeish published as a book a long poem "Land of the Free", built around a series of 88 photographs of the rural depression by
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as symbolic of the American experience. In 1933, "Conquistador" was awarded a Pulitzer Prize, the first of three awarded to MacLeish.
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from 1907 to 1911. For his college education, MacLeish went to Yale University, where he majored in English, was elected to
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and accepted the contemporary modernist position holding that a poet was isolated from society. His most well-known poem, "
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cited him as a fellow traveler in a 1941 article: "By 1938, U. S. Communists could count among their allies such names as
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MacLeish Field Station is named after MacLeish and his wife Ada, who were close friends of former Smith president
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In 1923, MacLeish left his law firm and moved with his wife to Paris, where they joined the community of literary
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1943:"UNESCO -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization -- International Affairs Office"
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2301:(With acceptance speech by MacLeish and essay by John Murillo from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
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opened without any music; Dylan describes their collaboration in the third chapter of his autobiography
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448:. He returned to America in 1928. From 1930 to 1938, he worked as a writer and editor for Henry Luce's
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2222:"Land Use History of MacLeish: A Cultural and Ecological Timeline of the Smith College Field Station"
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causes. By the 1930s, he considered capitalism to be "symbolically dead" and wrote the verse play
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263:(May 7, 1892 – April 20, 1982) was an American poet and writer, who was associated with the
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Secondly, MacLeish set about reorganizing the operational structure. Leading scholars in
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Last, but not least, MacLeish promoted the Library of Congress through various forms of
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and lived in Paris in the 1920s. On returning to the United States, he contributed to
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First and foremost, under Putnam, the library was acquiring more books than it could
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and introduced her to the natural environment around Northampton, Massachusetts.
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2268:(19). Washington, D.C.: Broadcasting Publications, Inc.: 73, 88 May 11, 1942.
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was created from a revision of this article dated 31 March 2013
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Three Short Plays: The Secret of Freedom. Air Raid. The Fall of the City.
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Archibald MacLeish also assisted with the development of the new "
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Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of Harry Crosby
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he would be "an unpopular newcomer, disturbing the status quo."
372:. He next spent three years practicing law with the Boston firm
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Assistant Secretary of State for Public and Cultural Relations
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Moise, Arris; Wiese, Sadie; Sorenson, Clara (April 8, 2021).
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Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
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100 of the Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th century
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and a further year representing the U.S. at the creation of
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Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades: The 20th Anniversary Edition
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Champion of a Cause: Essays and Addresses on Librarianship
376:. MacLeish expressed his disillusion with war in his poem
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from 1929 to 1938. For five years, MacLeish was the ninth
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National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award
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2340:. December 18, 1938. p. 7. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
2158:"Archibald MacLeish Collection Addition (YCAL MSS 269)".
1577:"Archibald MacLeish, 9th Librarian of Congress 1939-1944"
2089:, New York, 18 July 1989. Retrieved on 27 December 2018.
1719:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 286–7.
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Presidents of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
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1900:
MacLeish, Archibald (1978). "The Premise of Meaning".
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The Dialogues of Archibald MacLeish and Mark Van Doren
902:, later recounted: "We decided what the front page of
842:, a musical MacLeish was writing, based on the story "
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People of the United States Office of War Information
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Two collections of MacLeish's papers are held at the
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Despite a long history of debate over the merits of
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and other agencies. The book influenced Steinbeck's
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1400:Poetry and Opinion: the Pisan Cantos of Ezra Pound
1734:. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 109.
4543:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
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1895:
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1599:"Guide to the MacLeish Family Papers, 1898-1946"
1406:Riders on the Earth: Essays & Recollections
400:. They also became part of the famed coterie of
293:, a post he accepted at the urging of President
2562:Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
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2118:"Archibald MacLeish Collection (YCAL MSS 38)".
2048:Bob Dylan’s First Musical Had a Devil of a Time
1824:. New York, NY : Simon & Schuster. p.
1732:Broken Contract: A Memoir of Harvard Law School
713:Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
645:Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
2493:"Archibald MacLeish, The Art of Poetry No. 18"
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1344:American Opinion and the War: the Rede Lecture
267:school of poetry. MacLeish studied English at
4598:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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2527:Classes on modern poets and the art of poetry
2260:"We Pay Our Respects To—Archibald MacLeish".
1904:Riders on the Earth: Essays and Recollections
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1867:
1865:
4553:United States Assistant Secretaries of State
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2334:"Verse Play for Radio by Archibald MacLeish"
1908:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p.
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1553:List of ambulance drivers during World War I
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58:December 20, 1944 – August 17, 1945
4573:United States Army personnel of World War I
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1511:Magic Prison: the Poetry of Emily Dickinson
275:. He enlisted in and saw action during the
16:American poet and 9th Librarian of Congress
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1293:The Human Season, Selected Poems 1926–1972
882:In 1969, MacLeish was commissioned by the
700:, MacLeish also served as director of the
113:July 10, 1939 – December 19, 1944
31:
4141:1982: Silver Anniversary (all honored) –
2463:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
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1842:
1820:Uphill with Archie : a son's journey
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1723:
1714:
1681:
1281:The Collected Poems of Archibald MacLeish
1027:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
4513:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
2423:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
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2010:
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1876:. Lincoln, NE: Authors Guild Backprint.
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1656:Davis, Robert Gorham (August 10, 1986).
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1517:The Great American Fourth of July Parade
1412:Letters of Archibald MacLeish, 1907–1982
747:, and to his friendships with prominent
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2324:Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1926.
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2011:Chambers, Whittaker (January 6, 1941).
1287:The Wild Old Wicked Man and Other Poems
850:. The collaboration was a failure and
838:, and asked him to contribute songs to
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2531:. University of South Carolina Press.
2262:Broadcasting and Broadcast Advertising
2081:"ON MY MIND; Standby Update Moon Poem"
1752:"Archibald MacLeish's Life and Career"
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1362:Art Education and the Creative Process
349:, where he served as an editor of the
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1082:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
681:American Council of Learned Societies
329:. He grew up on an estate bordering
2566:December 20, 1944 – August 17, 1945
2506:, Columbia Workshop, CBS radio, 1937
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1686:Archibald MacLeish: an American Life
1473:This Music Crept By Me on the Waters
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726:
4468:American people of Scottish descent
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1874:Archibald MacLeish an American life
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1239:Frescoes for Mr. Rockefeller's City
978:'s broken songs, the vast surge of
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1461:The American Story: Ten Broadcasts
1299:New and Collected Poems, 1917–1976
923:came from a donation in 1937 from
679:, who, with the assistance of the
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4523:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners
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2359:. University of Minnesota Press.
2013:"The Revolt of the Intellectuals"
1350:A Time to Act: Selected Addresses
1326:The Irresponsibles: A Declaration
1076:Commandeur de la Legion d'honneur
886:to write a poem to celebrate the
484:In 1934, he wrote a libretto for
383:
4518:Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
4503:Military personnel from Illinois
3970:
3775:
3768:
3043:
2794:
2439:
2405:
1969:"UNESCO 1945: birth of an ideal"
1715:Nettleton, George Henry (1925).
1537:
1449:Air Raid: A Verse Play for Radio
1044:
1033:in Greenfield, Massachusetts.
358:His studies were interrupted by
2491:Benjamin DeMott (Summer 1974).
2353:Grover Cleveland Smith (1971).
2327:
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2232:
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2199:"Archibald MacLeish Collection"
2191:
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2004:
1979:
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1809:
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1717:Yale in the World War: Volume I
650:
2523:. In Donald J. Greiner (ed.).
2201:. Greenfield Community College
1708:
1675:
1649:
1621:
1591:
1493:An Evening's Journey to Conway
1356:Freedom Is the Right to Choose
1140:American Philosophical Society
1099:National Book Award for Poetry
947:In the June 5, 1972, issue of
392:that included such members as
308:
1:
4498:People from Glencoe, Illinois
2468:Archibald MacLeish Collection
2455:Archibald MacLeish Collection
2346:
2338:The Hartford Courant Magazine
2293:"National Book Awards – 1953"
2164:10079/fa/beinecke.macleishadd
1816:MacLeish, William H. (2001).
1146:Presidential Medal of Freedom
345:society. He then enrolled in
2226:Land Use History of MacLeish
1779:. New York Review of Books.
1730:Kahlenberg, Richard (1999).
1690:. Houghton Mifflin. p.
1031:Greenfield Community College
844:The Devil and Daniel Webster
669:Office of Strategic Services
665:Research and Analysis Branch
527:Farm Security Administration
408:, which included Hemingway,
317:. His father, Scottish-born
7:
4578:United States Army officers
4493:National Book Award winners
4473:20th-century American poets
2105:Beltway: A Poetry Quarterly
1530:
1381:The Eleanor Roosevelt Story
917:United States Poet Laureate
705:Office of Facts and Figures
673:Central Intelligence Agency
500:Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo
341:, and was selected for the
10:
4619:
4603:Members of Skull and Bones
4538:Bollingen Prize recipients
2486:Archibald MacLeish's Grave
2124:10079/fa/beinecke.macleish
2107:(Memorial Issue ed.).
2056:accessed November 5, 2020.
1103:Collected Poems, 1917–1952
745:League of American Writers
374:Choate, Hall & Stewart
4548:Fortune (magazine) people
4483:Harvard Law School alumni
4027:
3979:
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2878:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
2803:
2792:
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2611:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
2568:
2559:
2553:
2548:
2514:Academy of American Poets
2477:Archibald MacLeish Papers
1872:Donaldson, Scott (2001).
1682:Donaldson, Scott (1992).
1207:The Hamlet of A. Macleish
1110:Bollingen Prize in Poetry
1092:Collected Poems 1917–1952
1088:Pulitzer Prize for poetry
1065:Pulitzer Prize for poetry
910:
863:MacLeish greatly admired
834:. In 1969, MacLeish met
709:Office of War Information
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3127:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
2659:Edwin Arlington Robinson
2641:Edwin Arlington Robinson
2623:Edwin Arlington Robinson
2299:. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
2297:National Book Foundation
1754:. Modern American Poetry
1558:
1419:
1306:
1171:Songs for a Summer's Day
1152:
1129:Tony Award for Best Play
1116:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
993:The Voyage of the Beagle
828:Pulitzer Prize for Drama
4588:Lost Generation writers
4528:Hotchkiss School alumni
4478:Amherst College faculty
3919:Lawrence Quincy Mumford
3874:Ainsworth Rand Spofford
2962:William Carlos Williams
2629:Edna St. Vincent Millay
2101:"On Archibald MacLeish"
1773:Geoffrey Wolff (2003).
1455:Colloquy for the States
1263:Actfive and Other Poems
671:, the precursor to the
406:Gerald and Sarah Murphy
301:. He was awarded three
4533:Yale University alumni
4488:Librarians of Congress
3818:Librarians of Congress
2401:
2381:Listen to this article
2179:Cite journal requires
2139:Cite journal requires
2068:Chronicles, Volume One
1804:American Libraries, 30
1020:
984:
888:Apollo 11 Moon landing
801:, Archibald MacLeish,
660:
609:
572:Senate Majority Leader
4508:Writers from Illinois
3865:John Gould Stephenson
3729:Jackie Sibblies Drury
2755:Stephen Vincent Benét
2665:Stephen Vincent Benét
2519:James Dickey (2004).
2400:
1987:"UNESCO Constitution"
1579:. Library of Congress
1368:Poetry and Experience
1138:1976: elected to the
1080:1950: elected to the
955:
898:, then-editor of the
848:Stephen Vincent Benét
658:
604:
587:Conway, Massachusetts
564:University of Chicago
553:Franklin D. Roosevelt
539:Librarian of Congress
380:, published in 1926.
313:MacLeish was born in
295:Franklin D. Roosevelt
291:Librarian of Congress
232:Poetry, drama, essays
191:Boston, Massachusetts
122:Franklin D. Roosevelt
101:Librarian of Congress
67:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3705:Stephen Adly Guirgis
3687:Quiara Alegría Hudes
3653:David Lindsay-Abaire
3647:John Patrick Shanley
3327:Oscar Hammerstein II
3139:Jesse Lynch Williams
2521:"Archibald MacLeish"
2510:"Archibald MacLeish"
2504:The Fall of the City
2481:Mount Holoke College
2432:More spoken articles
2312:"APS Member History"
2280:"Archibald MacLeish"
2240:"Archibald MacLeish"
2054:, November 3, 2020,
1629:"Nuggets of History"
1609:on September 2, 2022
1442:The Fall of the City
1388:A Continuing Journey
1320:America Was Promises
1257:The Land of the Free
999:Theory of Relativity
950:The American Scholar
944:personal conflicts.
925:Archer M. Huntington
791:Donald Ogden Stewart
579:United States Senate
506:with great success.
469:, publisher of the
462:(1935) in response.
82:Position established
4463:American librarians
3937:James H. Billington
2725:John Gould Fletcher
2707:Robert P. T. Coffin
2549:Government offices
2499:. Summer 1974 (58).
2472:Harry Ransom Center
2282:. February 9, 2023.
2099:Alenier, Karren L.
1658:"Lives of the Poet"
1201:Streets in the Moon
1005:Alice in Wonderland
785:(Robert Forsythe),
690:classical philology
606:Library of Congress
532:The Grapes of Wrath
502:); it premiered in
414:F. Scott Fitzgerald
4563:Tony Award winners
3928:Daniel J. Boorstin
3901:Archibald MacLeish
3883:John Russell Young
3735:Michael R. Jackson
3711:Lin-Manuel Miranda
3473:James Kirkwood Jr.
3383:Archibald MacLeish
3355:Tennessee Williams
3311:Tennessee Williams
3283:Robert E. Sherwood
3271:Robert E. Sherwood
3249:Robert E. Sherwood
2932:Robert Penn Warren
2902:Archibald MacLeish
2743:William Rose Benét
2689:Archibald MacLeish
2446:Archibald MacLeish
2444:Works by or about
2402:
2356:Archibald MacLeish
2086:The New York Times
2052:The New York Times
1975:: 3. October 1985.
1973:The UNESCO Courier
1662:The New York Times
1332:The American Cause
1183:The Happy Marriage
1158:Poetry collections
1051:Uphill with Archie
857:Chronicles, Vol. 1
759:Whittaker Chambers
661:
610:
560:M. Llewellyn Raney
544:American Libraries
352:Harvard Law Review
347:Harvard Law School
333:. He attended the
323:Carson Pirie Scott
273:Harvard University
261:Archibald MacLeish
211:Harvard University
25:Archibald MacLeish
4440:
4439:
4424:, Tew & White
3986:
3985:
3981:Acting librarian*
3856:John Silva Meehan
3847:George Watterston
3784:
3783:
3557:Wendy Wasserstein
3487:Michael Cristofer
3259:George S. Kaufman
3217:George S. Kaufman
3093:
3092:
3010:William S. Merwin
2844:
2843:
2578:
2577:
2569:Succeeded by
2538:978-1-57003-528-9
2398:
2366:978-0-8166-0618-4
1991:portal.unesco.org
1883:978-0-595-17078-4
1057:Awards and honors
970:'s explanations,
817:, many another."
779:Matthew Josephson
727:Return to writing
677:William L. Langer
549:Felix Frankfurter
315:Glencoe, Illinois
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3365:Frances Goodrich
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2023:on June 9, 2010.
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1605:. Archived from
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1547:
1545:Biography portal
1542:
1541:
1540:
1467:The Trojan Horse
1245:Poems, 1924–1933
1189:The Pot of Earth
989:
933:Robinson Jeffers
929:Joseph Auslander
807:Dashiell Hammett
795:Erskine Caldwell
702:War Department's
659:MacLeish in 1944
519:Arthur Rothstein
465:While in Paris,
398:Ernest Hemingway
369:The New Republic
364:Kenneth MacLeish
335:Hotchkiss School
327:Rockford College
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3265:Thornton Wilder
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629:library science
581:, victory in a
568:fellow traveler
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492:Nicolas Nabokov
471:Black Sun Press
446:Robert Benchley
418:John Dos Passos
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343:Skull and Bones
319:Andrew MacLeish
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303:Pulitzer Prizes
277:First World War
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811:John Steinbeck
799:Dorothy Parker
787:Malcolm Cowley
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595:Herbert Putnam
583:roll call vote
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442:Dorothy Parker
394:Gertrude Stein
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3057:Complete list
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3028:Robert Lowell
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2808:Complete list
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2779:Peter Viereck
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430:Pablo Picasso
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3958:Carla Hayden
3947:David S. Mao
3900:
3753:Sanaz Toossi
3747:James Ijames
3717:Lynn Nottage
3681:Bruce Norris
3675:Brian Yorkey
3665:Lynn Nottage
3623:David Auburn
3593:Horton Foote
3587:Edward Albee
3581:Tony Kushner
3535:James Lapine
3459:Edward Albee
3453:Jason Miller
3429:Edward Albee
3382:
3377:Ketti Frings
3349:John Patrick
3343:William Inge
3337:Joseph Kramm
3331:Joshua Logan
3225:Ira Gershwin
3181:George Kelly
3022:Maxine Kumin
3016:James Wright
2998:George Oppen
2901:
2761:Karl Shapiro
2749:Robert Frost
2713:Robert Frost
2688:
2677:Robert Frost
2671:Conrad Aiken
2635:Robert Frost
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2243:. Retrieved
2234:
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2205:December 10,
2203:. Retrieved
2193:
2172:cite journal
2153:
2132:cite journal
2113:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:the original
2016:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1928:
1903:
1873:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1775:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1731:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1685:
1677:
1667:December 26,
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
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1639:. Retrieved
1635:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1602:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1522:
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1504:
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1486:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1230:
1225:Conquistador
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1132:
1119:
1102:
1091:
1068:
1050:
1048:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
962:'s figures,
956:
948:
946:
941:Louise Bogan
937:Robert Frost
914:
903:
899:
891:
883:
881:
862:
855:
851:
839:
821:
819:
815:George Soule
767:Newton Arvin
752:
730:
698:World War II
695:
662:
651:World War II
638:
626:
619:
615:
611:
608:reading room
591:
557:
542:
530:
515:Walker Evans
508:
504:Philadelphia
485:
483:
477:conquest of
467:Harry Crosby
464:
457:
449:
426:Jean Cocteau
387:
377:
367:
357:
350:
312:
284:
283:'s magazine
260:
259:
222:
186:(1982-04-20)
141:Succeeded by
108:
88:Succeeded by
53:
18:
4593:Psi Upsilon
4558:Dern family
4458:1982 deaths
4453:1892 births
4398:Bodenheimer
4311:2001: Frank
4306:2000: Decio
4104:1977: Joyce
3942:(1987–2015)
3933:(1975–1987)
3924:(1954–1974)
3915:(1945–1953)
3906:(1939–1944)
3897:(1899–1939)
3888:(1897–1899)
3879:(1864–1897)
3870:(1861–1864)
3861:(1829–1861)
3852:(1815–1829)
3843:(1807–1815)
3834:(1802–1807)
3759:Eboni Booth
3741:Katori Hall
3699:Annie Baker
3693:Ayad Akhtar
3659:Tracy Letts
3641:Doug Wright
3605:Paula Vogel
3551:Alfred Uhry
3529:David Mamet
3511:Beth Henley
3499:Sam Shepard
3447:Paul Zindel
3417:Abe Burrows
3034:Gary Snyder
2986:Anne Sexton
2880:(1951–1975)
2773:W. H. Auden
2613:(1922–1950)
2245:December 3,
1947:www2.ed.gov
1641:January 17,
986:Das Kapital
877:Ars Poetica
865:T. S. Eliot
771:Waldo Frank
757:magazine's
454:antifascist
438:Cole Porter
434:John O'Hara
390:expatriates
360:World War I
309:Early years
271:and law at
171:May 7, 1892
129:Preceded by
78:Preceded by
4447:Categories
4292:Roy Kramer
4155:Ron Kramer
4022:recipients
3569:Neil Simon
3397:Jerry Bock
3295:Mary Chase
3199:Elmer Rice
3187:Paul Green
3163:Owen Davis
2956:Alan Dugan
2647:Amy Lowell
2556:New Office
2450:Wikisource
2428:Audio help
2419:2013-03-31
2347:References
1701:0395493269
1165:Class Poem
966:'s notes,
869:Ezra Pound
667:" of the
525:, and the
479:the Aztecs
281:Henry Luce
167:1892-05-07
4119:Galbreath
4098:Van Fleet
4034:Carpenter
3635:Nilo Cruz
3407:Tad Mosel
3255:Moss Hart
3243:Zoe Akins
3151:Zona Gale
3129:: Authors
3084:2001–2025
3077:1976–2000
3070:1951–1975
3063:1922–1950
2835:2001–2025
2828:1976–2000
2821:1951–1975
2814:1922–1950
2037:, p. 319.
1996:March 10,
1953:March 10,
1806:(11), 39.
1523:Six Plays
1195:Nobodaddy
1011:Moby Dick
972:Cervantes
904:The Times
873:modernist
836:Bob Dylan
751:writers.
749:left-wing
686:geography
523:Ben Shahn
265:modernist
198:Education
118:President
109:In office
63:President
54:In office
4414:No award
4334:Casciola
4300:No award
4284:No award
4251:Kazmaier
4111:No award
4090:Hesburgh
4074:No award
4050:Lombardi
4042:MacLeish
3671:Tom Kitt
2459:addition
2430: ·
1802:(1999).
1758:July 19,
1583:July 19,
1531:See also
1499:Herakles
1213:Einstein
1053:(2001).
974:' myth,
964:Leonardo
958:founded—
826:won the
721:academia
475:Cortés's
99:9th
44:1st
4431:McRaven
4406:Odierno
4390:Roberts
4366:Pickens
4350:Tillman
4267:Osborne
4235:Paterno
4227:Rozelle
4211:Rodgers
4171:Stewart
4135:Werblin
4127:Russell
4066:Holland
2470:at the
2461:at the
2417: (
2388:minutes
1505:Scratch
1232:Elpenor
919:. The
852:Scratch
840:Scratch
733:Marxism
696:During
622:catalog
562:of the
450:Fortune
402:Riviera
299:Harvard
286:Fortune
4429:2016:
4420:2015:
4412:2014:
4404:2013:
4396:2012:
4388:2011:
4382:Brokaw
4380:2010:
4372:2009:
4364:2008:
4358:Bleier
4356:2007:
4348:2006:
4340:2005:
4332:2004:
4326:Khayat
4324:2003:
4316:2002:
4298:1999:
4290:1998:
4282:1997:
4273:1996:
4265:1995:
4259:Bolden
4257:1994:
4249:1993:
4241:1992:
4233:1991:
4225:1990:
4219:Krause
4217:1989:
4209:1988:
4203:Sewell
4201:1987:
4193:1986:
4185:1985:
4179:Nelson
4177:1984:
4169:&
4165:1983:
4133:1981:
4125:1980:
4117:1979:
4109:1978:
4096:1976:
4088:1975:
4080:1974:
4072:1973:
4064:1972:
4058:Boyden
4056:1971:
4048:1970:
4040:1969:
4032:1966:
3961:
3954:(2015)
3952:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3904:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3761:(2024)
3755:(2023)
3749:(2022)
3743:(2021)
3737:(2020)
3731:(2019)
3725:(2018)
3719:(2017)
3713:(2016)
3707:(2015)
3701:(2014)
3695:(2013)
3689:(2012)
3683:(2011)
3677:(2010)
3667:(2009)
3661:(2008)
3655:(2007)
3649:(2005)
3643:(2004)
3637:(2003)
3631:(2002)
3625:(2001)
3619:(2000)
3613:(1999)
3607:(1998)
3601:(1996)
3595:(1995)
3589:(1994)
3583:(1993)
3577:(1992)
3571:(1991)
3565:(1990)
3559:(1989)
3553:(1988)
3547:(1987)
3541:(1985)
3531:(1984)
3525:(1983)
3519:(1982)
3513:(1981)
3507:(1980)
3501:(1979)
3495:(1978)
3489:(1977)
3483:(1976)
3461:(1975)
3455:(1973)
3449:(1971)
3443:(1970)
3437:(1969)
3431:(1967)
3425:(1965)
3419:(1962)
3409:(1961)
3403:(1960)
3385:(1959)
3379:(1958)
3373:(1957)
3367:(1956)
3357:(1955)
3351:(1954)
3345:(1953)
3339:(1952)
3333:(1950)
3319:(1949)
3313:(1948)
3307:(1946)
3297:(1945)
3291:(1943)
3285:(1941)
3279:(1940)
3273:(1939)
3267:(1938)
3261:(1937)
3251:(1936)
3245:(1935)
3239:(1934)
3233:(1933)
3227:(1932)
3213:(1931)
3207:(1930)
3201:(1929)
3195:(1928)
3189:(1927)
3183:(1926)
3177:(1925)
3171:(1924)
3165:(1923)
3159:(1922)
3153:(1921)
3147:(1920)
3141:(1918)
3036:(1975)
3030:(1974)
3024:(1973)
3018:(1972)
3012:(1971)
3006:(1970)
3000:(1969)
2994:(1968)
2988:(1967)
2982:(1966)
2976:(1965)
2970:(1964)
2964:(1963)
2958:(1962)
2952:(1961)
2946:(1960)
2940:(1959)
2934:(1958)
2928:(1957)
2922:(1956)
2916:(1955)
2910:(1954)
2904:(1953)
2898:(1952)
2892:(1951)
2787:(1950)
2781:(1949)
2775:(1948)
2769:(1947)
2763:(1945)
2757:(1944)
2751:(1943)
2745:(1942)
2739:(1941)
2733:(1940)
2727:(1939)
2721:(1938)
2715:(1937)
2709:(1936)
2703:(1935)
2697:(1934)
2691:(1933)
2685:(1932)
2679:(1931)
2673:(1930)
2667:(1929)
2661:(1928)
2655:(1927)
2649:(1926)
2643:(1925)
2637:(1924)
2631:(1923)
2625:(1922)
2535:
2363:
1916:
1880:
1832:
1783:
1698:
1603:Vassar
1525:(1980)
1519:(1975)
1513:(1975)
1507:(1971)
1501:(1967)
1495:(1967)
1489:(1961)
1483:(1958)
1475:(1953)
1469:(1952)
1463:(1944)
1457:(1943)
1451:(1938)
1445:(1937)
1437:(1935)
1414:(1983)
1408:(1978)
1402:(1974)
1396:(1971)
1390:(1968)
1384:(1965)
1376:(1964)
1370:(1961)
1364:(1954)
1358:(1951)
1352:(1943)
1346:(1942)
1340:(1941)
1334:(1941)
1328:(1940)
1322:(1939)
1316:(1936)
1301:(1976)
1295:(1972)
1289:(1968)
1283:(1962)
1277:(1954)
1271:(1952)
1265:(1948)
1259:(1938)
1253:(1936)
1247:(1935)
1241:(1933)
1235:(1933)
1227:(1932)
1221:(1930)
1215:(1929)
1209:(1928)
1203:(1926)
1197:(1926)
1191:(1925)
1185:(1924)
1179:(1917)
1173:(1915)
1167:(1915)
1144:1977:
1127:1959:
1114:1959:
1108:1953:
1097:1953:
1086:1953:
1074:1946:
1063:1933:
976:Sappho
968:Newton
960:Euclid
911:Legacy
717:UNESCO
444:, and
404:hosts
4422:Byrne
4374:Payne
4318:Young
4277:, S.J
4275:Monan
4195:Toner
4187:Flynn
4159:Swink
4147:Davis
4143:Brown
1632:(PDF)
1559:Notes
1434:Panic
1420:Drama
1307:Prose
1153:Works
980:Homer
900:Times
892:Times
846:" by
459:Panic
410:Zelda
241:Panic
229:Genre
4342:Page
4243:Mara
4167:Hess
4151:Kemp
4082:Hope
3673:and
3537:and
3479:and
3415:and
3399:and
3363:and
3329:and
3303:and
3257:and
3223:and
2533:ISBN
2457:and
2361:ISBN
2247:2010
2207:2019
2185:help
2145:help
2017:Time
1998:2022
1955:2022
1914:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1760:2016
1696:ISBN
1669:2007
1643:2019
1615:2022
1585:2016
1480:J.B.
1133:J.B.
1121:J.B.
935:and
867:and
823:J.B.
754:Time
739:and
494:and
412:and
396:and
245:J.B.
193:, US
181:Died
176:, US
161:Born
2479:at
2448:at
2160:hdl
2120:hdl
1826:141
1008:or
1002:or
996:or
990:or
688:to
4449::
4157:,
4153:,
4149:,
4145:,
3475:,
3471:,
3467:,
3395:,
3391:,
3325:,
3219:,
2512:,
2495:.
2386:24
2336:.
2295:.
2266:22
2264:.
2224:.
2176::
2174:}}
2170:{{
2136::
2134:}}
2130:{{
2103:.
2083:,
2050:,
2015:.
1989:.
1971:.
1945:.
1912:.
1910:40
1892:^
1844:^
1828:.
1740:^
1694:.
1692:93
1660:.
1634:.
1601:.
1566:^
894:.
860:.
813:,
809:,
805:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
781:,
777:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
723:.
647:.
589:.
535:.
521:,
517:,
513:,
440:,
436:,
432:,
428:,
424:,
420:,
416:,
355:.
243:,
215:MA
206:BA
4012:e
4005:t
3998:v
3950:*
3810:e
3803:t
3796:v
3119:e
3112:t
3105:v
3086:)
3082:(
3079:)
3075:(
3072:)
3068:(
3065:)
3061:(
2870:e
2863:t
2856:v
2837:)
2833:(
2830:)
2826:(
2823:)
2819:(
2816:)
2812:(
2603:e
2596:t
2589:v
2541:.
2434:)
2426:(
2421:)
2390:)
2383:(
2369:.
2314:.
2249:.
2228:.
2209:.
2187:)
2183:(
2166:.
2162::
2147:)
2143:(
2126:.
2122::
2000:.
1957:.
1922:.
1886:.
1838:.
1789:.
1762:.
1704:.
1671:.
1645:.
1617:.
1587:.
1135:)
1131:(
1124:)
1118:(
1105:)
1101:(
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1090:(
1071:)
1067:(
498:(
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213:(
208:)
204:(
169:)
165:(
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