998:, as the support circuitry is very similar to that which is used in CRT televisions and computer monitors, and is typically easy to adjust for color and brightness. On the other hand, vector monitors can be challenging or very costly to service, and some can no longer be repaired due to certain parts having been discontinued years ago. Even finding a drop-in replacement for a vector monitor is a challenge today, as few were produced after their heyday in the early 1980s. CRT replacement is possible, but the process of transferring the deflection yoke and other parts from one tube neck to the other also means a long process of positioning and adjusting the parts on the CRT for proper performance, a job that may prove too challenging for the typical amateur arcade collector. On the other hand, it may be possible to retrofit other monitor technologies to emulate vector graphics.
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easily fit in a home environment or be used by children. The older form of mini or cabaret cabinets were marketed for commercial use and are no longer made. They were often thinner as well as shorter, lacked side art, and had smaller marquees and monitors. This reduced their cost, reduced their weight, made them better suited to locations with less space, and also made them less conspicuous in darker environments. In place of side art they were often clad in faux wood grain vinyl instead.
657:). These cabinets typically have equipment resembling the controls of a vehicle (though some of them are merely large cabinets with fair features such as a great screen or chairs). Driving games may have a bucket seat, foot pedals, a stick shift, and even an ignition, while flight simulators may have a flight yoke or joystick, and motorcycle games handlebars, and a seat shaped like a full-size bike. Often, these cabinets are arranged side-by-side, to allow players to compete together.
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342:(CRT) display, the game controllers, and the computer logic areas. Atari also had placed the controls at a height suitable for most adult players to use, but close enough to the console's base to also allow children to play. Further, the cabinets were more compact than traditional electro-mechanical games and did not use flashing lights or other means to attract players. The side panels of Atari's
133:
194:, raster being most common. Standard resolution is between 262.5 and 315 vertical lines, depending on the refresh rate (usually between 50 and 60 Hz). Slower refresh rates allow for better vertical resolution. Monitors may be oriented horizontally or vertically, depending on the game. Some games use more than one monitor. Some newer cabinets have monitors that can display
632:
380:, used a one-sided mirror and included an illuminated background behind the mirror, so that the on-screen characters would appear to the players as if they were on that background. With the advent of color CRT displays, the need for the mirror was eliminated. The CRT was subsequently positioned at an angle permitting a typical adult player to look directly at the screen.
543:, but have since lost popularity. Their main advantage over upright cabinets was their smaller size, making them seem less obtrusive, although requiring more floor space (more so by having players seated at each end). The top of the table was covered with a piece of tempered glass, making it convenient to set drinks on (hence the name), and they were often seen in
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safe operation of the monitor and power supplies. Because of the capacity and voltage ratings of these parts, it can be dangerous if not done properly, and should only be attempted by experienced hobbyists or professionals. If a monitor is broken, it may be easier to just source a drop-in replacement through coin-op machine distributors or parts suppliers.
598:
variant of this, often referred to as "versus-style" cabinets are designed to look like two cabinets facing each other, with two monitors and separate controls allowing two players to fight each other without having to share the same monitor and control area. Some newer cabinets can emulate these "versus-style" cabinets through networking.
589:", by both arcade enthusiasts and by people in the industry. They are also generally easier to clean and move than upright cabinets, but usually just as heavy as most have 29" screens, as opposed to 20"–25". They are positioned so that the player can sit down on a chair or stool and play for extended periods.
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directly on the cabinets. Others used large decals for the side art. Some manufacturers produce replication artwork for popular classic games—each varying in quality. This side art can be applied over the new paint after it has dried. These appliques can be very large and must be carefully applied to
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kit, also known as a software kit, is special equipment that can be installed into an arcade machine that changes the current game it plays into another one. For example, a conversion kit can be used to reconfigure an arcade machine designed to play one game so that it would play its sequel or update
953:
Often game cabinets were used to host a variety of games. Often after the cabinet's initial game was removed and replaced with another, the cabinet's side art was painted over (usually black) so that the cabinet would not misrepresent the game contained within. The side art was also painted over to
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cabinets are similar forms of arcade cabinet but are intended for different markets. Modern mini cabinets are sold directly to consumers and are not intended for commercial operation. They are styled just like a standard upright cabinet, often with full art and marquees, but are scaled down to more
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dry out over time, and if a classic arcade cabinet is still using its original components, it may be near the end of its service life. A common step in refurbishing vintage electronics (of all types) is "recapping": replacing certain capacitors (and other parts) to restore, or ensure the continued
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cabinets in this configuration, though most arcade games made in Japan that only use a joystick and buttons will come in a sit-down cabinet variety. In
Japanese arcades, this type of cabinet is generally more prevalent than the upright kind, and they are usually lined up in uniform-looking rows. A
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attached to the front of the machine, via durable cables. Some arcade machines had the monitor placed at the bottom of the cabinet with a mirror mounted at around 45 degrees above the screen facing the player. This was done to save space, as a large CRT monitor would otherwise poke out the back of
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Arcade cabinets today are usually made of wood and metal, about six feet or two meters tall, with the control panel set perpendicular to the monitor at slightly above waist level. The monitor is housed inside the cabinet, at approximately eye level. The marquee is above it, and often overhangs it.
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If the controls are worn and need replacing, if the game is popular, they can be easily obtained. Rarer game controls are harder to come by, but some shops stock replacement controls for classic arcade games. Some shops manufacture controls that are more robust than originals and fit a variety of
362:
and other early arcade games, the CRT was mounted 90 degrees from the ground, facing directly outward. Arcade game manufacturers began incorporating design principles from older electro-magnetic games by using CRTs mounted at a 45-degree angle, facing upward and away from the player but towards a
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Usually found in Japan, these machines have multiple screens interconnected to one system, sometimes with one big screen in the middle. These also often feature the dispensation of different types of cards, either a smartcard in order to save stats and progress or trading cards used in the game.
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Cocktail cabinets are shaped like low, rectangular tables, with the controls usually set at either of the broad ends, or, though not as common, at the narrow ends, and the monitor inside the table, the screen facing upward. Two-player games housed in cocktails were usually alternant, each player
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Of course, hobbyists prefer cabinets with original artwork in the best possible condition. Since machines with good quality art are hard to find, one of the first tasks is stripping any old artwork or paint from the cabinet. This is done with conventional chemical paint strippers or by sanding
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cabinets are usually only large enough to house their monitors and control panels. They are often used for trivia and gambling-type games and are usually found installed on bars or tables in pubs and restaurants. These cabinets often have touchscreen controls instead of traditional push-button
958:(preferences vary). Normally artwork cannot be preserved that has been painted over and is removed with any covering paint. New paint can be applied in any manner preferred (roller, brush, spray). Paint used is often just conventional paint with a finish matching the cabinet's original paint.
982:(the same is true for side art). As with side art, some replication art shops also produce replication artwork for these pieces that is indistinguishable from the original. Some even surpass the originals in quality. Once these pieces are acquired, they usually snap right into place.
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had a simple wood veneer finish, making it easier to market to non-arcade venues, such as hotels, country clubs, and cocktail bars. In the face of growing competition, Atari started to include cabinet art and attraction panels around 1973–1974, which soon became a standard practice.
275:. They are usually below the control panel. Very often, translucent red plastic buttons are placed in between the coin return and the coin slot. When they are pressed, a coin or token that has become jammed in the coin mechanism is returned to the player. See
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are sometimes used instead of joysticks, especially in games from the early 1980s. Spinners (knobs for turning, also called "paddle controls") are used to control game elements that move strictly horizontally or vertically, such as the paddles in
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taking turns. The monitor reverses its orientation (game software controlled) for each player, so the game display is properly oriented for each player. This requires special programming of the cocktail versions of the game (usually set by
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Many cabinets are converted to be used to host a game other than the original. In these cases, if both games conform to the JAMMA standard, the process is simple. Other conversions can be more difficult, but some manufacturers such as
257:, a level surface near the monitor, upon which the game's controls are arranged. Control panels sometimes have playing instructions. Players often pile their coins or tokens on the control panels of upright and cocktail cabinets.
519:). The monitor's orientation is usually in player two's favor only in two-player games when it is player two's turn and in player one's favor all other times. Simultaneous, 4 player games that are built as a cocktail include
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that reflected the display to the player. Additional transparent overlays could be added between the mirror and the player's view to include additional images and colorize the black-and-white CRT output, as is the case in
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avoid bubbles or wrinkles from developing. Spraying the surface with a slightly soapy water solution allows the artwork to be quickly repositioned if wrinkles or bubbles develop like in
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A cockpit or environmental cabinet is a type of deluxe cabinet where the player sits inside the cabinet itself. It also typically has an enclosure. Examples of this can be seen on the
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Since arcade games are becoming increasingly popular as collectibles, an entire niche industry has sprung up focused on arcade cabinet restoration. There are many
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is particularly known for these kinds of cabinets, with various types of sit-down and cockpit motion cabinets that Sega have been manufacturing since the 1980s.
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Cocktail cabinet versions were usually released alongside the upright version of the same game. They were relatively common in the 1980s, especially during the
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the cabinet. To correct for the mirrored image, some games had an option to flip the video output using a dip switch setting. Other genres of games such as
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which move the player according to the action on screen. In Japan, they are known as "taikan" games, with "taikan" meaning "body sensation" in
Japanese.
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The sides of the arcade cabinet are usually decorated with brightly colored stickers or paint, representing the gameplay of their particular game.
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Deluxe cabinets (also known as DX cabinets in Japan) are most commonly used for games involving gambling, long stints of gaming (such as
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Because arcade cabinets vary according to the games they were built for or contain, they may not possess all of the parts listed below:
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have produced kits to ease the conversion process (Nintendo manufactured kits to convert a cabinet from
Classic wiring to VS. wiring).
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279:. In some arcades, the coin slot is replaced with a card reader that reads data from a game card bought from the arcade operator.
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have had hydraulic motion simulator sit-down cabinets, while hydraulic motion simulator cockpit cabinets have been used for
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Acquiring these pieces is harder than installing them. Many hobbyists trade these items via newsgroups or sites such as
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outer fiberglass cabinet did not carry forward, both games did establish separating parts of the arcade machine for the
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There are many types of arcade cabinets, some being custom-made for a particular game; however, the most common are the
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to provide DC power to the arcade system boards and low voltage lighting for the coin slots and lighted buttons.
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machines. Installing them takes some experimentation for novices, but are usually not too difficult to place.
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devoted to arcade cabinet restoration. They are full of tips and advice on restoring games to mint condition.
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and throttle pedal instead of a joystick and buttons. If the upright is housing a shooting game, it may have
581:. Many candy cabinets have CRT screens that can be physically switched between portrait and landscape modes.
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Gains, Raiford (November 2015). "Beyond the Bezel: Coin-Op Arcade Video Game
Cabinets as Design History".
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223:, the actual hardware upon which the game runs. Hidden within the cabinet. Some systems, such as the SNK
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controls. They are also fairly popular with home use, as they can be placed upon a table or countertop.
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168:(JAMMA) wiring standard. Some include additional connectors for features not included in the standard.
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Some electronic components are stressed by the hot, cramped conditions inside a cabinet. Electrolytic
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from the 1970s to the early 1980s have the cocktail versions prefixed by "T.T" in their titles (eg.
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have had the player sit on and move a motorbike replica to control the in-game actions (like a
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Upright cabinets are the most common in North
America, with their design heavily influenced by
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A cocktail or table cabinet. This style is sometimes referred to as
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Upright cabinet shape designs vary from the simplest symmetric perpendicular boxes as with
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use double joysticks instead of action buttons. Some versions of the original
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Owing to the resemblance of plastic to hard candy, they are often known as "
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1229:"Amarcord senza tempo, i 5 videogiochi cabinati più celebri degli anni '80"
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and "player" buttons which serve the same purpose as the start button on
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cabinet is a type of deluxe cabinet that is very elaborate, including
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is one of the biggest manufacturers of these kinds of cabinets, while
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If a cabinet needs rewiring, some wiring kits are available over the
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An audio output for sound effects and music, usually produced from a
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853:. One of the most sophisticated motion simulator cabinets is Sega's
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Games are typically for one or two players; however, games such as
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resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the
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Housing within which an arcade game's electronic hardware resides
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was another major manufacturer of motion simulator cabinets.
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1127:"Arcade Machines of the highest quality - Bespoke Arcades"
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186:, on which the game is displayed. They may display either
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If an upright is housing a driving game, it may have a
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had pressure-sensitive rubber pads instead of buttons.
1091:"Arcade Videogame Technology and the JAMMA Standard"
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feature controllers resembling musical instruments.
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for as many players as the game allows, plus action
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Japanese
Amusement Machine Manufacturers Association
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1257:"Sega's Wonderful Simulation Games Over The Years"
1285:The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games
892:
2077:
1195:
1193:
1176:"Game on again for coin-operated arcade titles"
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271:, which allow for the exchange of money or
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671:, in which the player sits in a full-size
475:feature as many as four sets of controls.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1314:"The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki: Part 1"
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500:Another example of a cocktail cabinet (
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1109:"Emulating Arcade Monitor Resolutions"
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627:dashboard arrangement for the controls
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528:In Japan, many games manufactured by
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
941:(both commercial and hobbyist) and
920:Street Fighter II: Champion Edition
759:, as covered in the section below.
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24:
1174:Hurley, Oliver (7 February 2008).
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1322:. 2010. p. 2. Archived from
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679:Cockpit or environmental cabinets
569:A candy cabinet (Sega Astro City)
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466:to complicated asymmetric forms.
156:, is the housing within which an
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974:Control panels, bezels, marquees
961:Many games had artwork that was
561:List of Japanese arcade cabinets
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954:hide damaged or faded artwork.
577:Candy cabinets at an arcade in
331:. While the futuristic look of
45:needs additional citations for
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893:Large-scale satellite machines
799:). Driving games since Sega's
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1:
1282:Horowitz, Ken (6 July 2018).
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383:Controls are most commonly a
136:People playing an arcade game
1227:Ercole, Marco (2024-03-29).
1149:"Choose your arcade machine"
1089:Nolan, Kieran (March 2015).
7:
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10:
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1809:Personal digital assistant
1151:. GameTime. Archived from
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789:racing games since Sega's
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541:Golden Age of Arcade Games
479:Sit-down or table cabinets
172:Parts of an arcade cabinet
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1202:Journal of Design History
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763:Motion simulator cabinets
685:Killer List of Videogames
635:An older deluxe cabinet (
861:Mini or cabaret cabinets
839:combat flight simulators
649:), or vehicles (such as
2046:Wireless sensor network
1290:McFarland & Company
926:Street Fighter II Turbo
2096:Video game terminology
1819:Portable data terminal
917:instead, such as from
668:Ridge Racer Full Scale
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620:Ridge Racer Full Scale
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559:Further information:
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196:high-definition video
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1777:Mobile data terminal
1757:Electronic organizer
1429:Intelligent terminal
506:, known in Japan as
374:. Other games, like
220:arcade system boards
54:improve this article
2091:Commercial machines
1155:on 20 December 2013
1060:Arcade system board
877:Countertop cabinets
508:T.T. Space Invaders
162:electronic hardware
144:, also known as an
2034:Computer-on-module
1892:Digital wristwatch
1694:Mobile workstation
1464:Video game console
1424:Internet appliance
1214:10.1093/jdh/epv036
807:space combat games
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1608:Small form factor
1434:Interactive kiosk
1299:978-1-4766-3196-7
1292:. pp. 96–9.
1129:. Bespoke Arcades
1040:Arcade controller
914:arcade conversion
908:Arcade conversion
850:G-LOC: Air Battle
797:motion controller
757:motion simulation
651:flight simulators
484:Cocktail cabinets
287:Types of cabinets
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1519:Personal super
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1414:Arcade cabinet
1410:
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1378:Computer sizes
1374:
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1366:
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1344:
1343:External links
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988:
975:
972:
970:applications.
968:window tinting
950:
947:
934:
931:
903:
902:Conversion kit
900:
894:
891:
878:
875:
862:
859:
764:
761:
680:
677:
647:fighting games
603:
600:
587:candy cabinets
556:
555:Candy cabinets
553:
525:, and others.
503:Space Invaders
485:
482:
480:
477:
444:steering wheel
436:Street Fighter
418:Robotron: 2084
365:one-way mirror
356:Computer Space
333:Computer Space
325:Computer Space
312:
309:
288:
285:
281:
280:
258:
251:
244:
235:
228:
206:
199:
173:
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146:arcade machine
142:arcade cabinet
128:
127:
110:September 2007
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2108:
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1450:
1449:Smart speaker
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:Diskless node
1417:
1415:
1412:
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1396:
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1387:
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1349:
1326:on 2016-06-02
1325:
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1301:
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1278:
1263:. 6 June 2013
1262:
1261:Arcade Heroes
1258:
1252:
1250:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1208:(4): epv036.
1207:
1203:
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946:
944:
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887:
883:
874:
871:
867:
858:
856:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
836:
835:
834:Thunder Blade
830:
829:
828:Space Harrier
824:
823:rail shooters
820:
819:
814:
813:
812:Space Tactics
808:
804:
803:
798:
794:
793:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
760:
758:
754:
753:
752:Pole Position
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
732:
731:
730:Discs of Tron
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
689:shooter games
686:
676:
674:
670:
669:
664:
660:
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648:
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639:
633:
626:
622:
621:
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567:
562:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
524:
523:
518:
509:
505:
504:
498:
490:
476:
474:
473:
467:
465:
464:
458:
456:
455:
454:Guitar Freaks
449:
445:
440:
438:
437:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
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408:
407:
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381:
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366:
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352:
348:
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341:
334:
330:
326:
317:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
284:
278:
277:coin acceptor
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
256:
255:control panel
252:
249:
245:
242:
241:
236:
233:
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222:
221:
216:
212:
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207:
204:
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179:
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169:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2029:Single-board
1914:Smartglasses
1857:Programmable
1782:Mobile phone
1635:Blade server
1474:Microconsole
1469:Home console
1413:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1317:
1308:
1284:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1260:
1237:. Retrieved
1235:(in Italian)
1232:
1222:
1205:
1201:
1180:. Retrieved
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1084:
1055:Video arcade
1050:Slot machine
1024:
1013:
1000:
993:
984:
977:
963:silkscreened
960:
956:
952:
936:
924:
918:
911:
896:
885:
881:
880:
869:
865:
864:
848:
844:After Burner
842:
832:
826:
818:Galaxy Force
816:
810:
800:
790:
785:
766:
750:
744:
738:
735:racing games
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
687:, including
682:
666:
655:racing games
644:
636:
618:
584:
538:
533:
527:
520:
517:dip switches
513:
507:
501:
470:
468:
461:
459:
452:
441:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
382:
375:
369:
359:
355:
353:
349:
343:
332:
328:
324:
322:
304:
300:
296:
292:
290:
282:
268:
265:coin returns
264:
260:
254:
247:
238:
232:power supply
231:
218:
214:
208:
181:
175:
153:
149:
145:
141:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1772:Handheld PC
1704:Subnotebook
1682:Convertible
1543:Workstation
1536:Home server
1459:Thin client
1439:Rich client
1045:Arcade game
933:Restoration
815:(1981) and
733:as well as
718:Astron Belt
595:Neo-Geo MVS
225:Neo-Geo MVS
158:arcade game
2080:Categories
1919:Smart ring
1907:Sportwatch
1902:Smartwatch
1885:Smart band
1862:Scientific
1844:Calculator
1804:Palmtop PC
1797:Smartphone
1734:Detachable
1559:All-in-one
1509:Industrial
1406:Appliances
1239:2024-04-26
1178:. Guardian
1076:References
1003:capacitors
943:newsgroups
882:Countertop
773:hydraulics
675:road car.
673:Mazda MX-5
625:Mazda MX-5
593:sold many
448:light guns
430:Battlezone
400:Trackballs
303:, and the
261:Coin slots
203:sound chip
180:A display
80:newspapers
2041:Smartdust
1976:Minisuper
1971:Mainframe
1950:Supermini
1714:Smartbook
1689:Cloudbook
1591:Pizza box
1485:Computers
1444:Simulator
1113:MAMEworld
787:Motorbike
740:Monaco GP
712:Star Wars
706:SubRoc-3D
694:Star Fire
665:released
579:Akihabara
463:Star Trek
371:Boot Hill
2065:Category
1937:Midrange
1872:Wearable
1852:Graphing
1829:Siftable
1762:E-reader
1749:Handheld
1699:Notebook
1640:Blade PC
1623:Stick PC
1603:Portable
1586:Deskside
1569:Tabletop
1514:Personal
1454:Smart TV
1330:22 April
1267:22 April
1233:zak-site
1095:Academia
1034:See also
1028:Nintendo
1016:Internet
990:Monitors
939:websites
841:such as
825:such as
737:such as
724:Sinistar
691:such as
522:Warlords
472:Gauntlet
424:Smash TV
406:Arkanoid
396:gamepads
385:joystick
305:sit-down
297:cocktail
269:coin box
267:and the
1792:Feature
1739:Phablet
1709:Netbook
1613:Mini PC
1581:Desktop
1574:Surface
1552:By size
1382:classes
1319:1Up.com
1182:12 July
1159:12 July
1133:12 July
949:Artwork
870:cabaret
802:Out Run
792:Hang-On
638:Out Run
393:console
389:buttons
377:Warrior
293:upright
240:marquee
94:scholar
2063:
2017:Rugged
1990:Others
1814:Pocket
1787:Camera
1726:Tablet
1677:2-in-1
1669:Laptop
1660:Mobile
1531:Server
1526:Public
1499:Gaming
1492:By use
1398:Static
1296:
1010:Wiring
886:bartop
837:, and
336:'s
295:, the
273:tokens
188:raster
183:output
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1981:Super
1959:Large
1596:Tower
1564:Panel
1390:Micro
1065:JAMMA
781:Namco
746:Turbo
663:Namco
530:Taito
301:table
248:bezel
217:) or
148:or a
101:JSTOR
87:books
2012:Nano
1966:Grid
1945:Mini
1630:Rack
1618:Plug
1504:Home
1380:and
1332:2021
1294:ISBN
1269:2021
1184:2013
1161:2013
1135:2013
1070:MAME
980:eBay
866:Mini
855:R360
847:and
831:and
777:Sega
749:and
727:and
659:Sega
653:and
549:pubs
547:and
545:bars
536:).
427:and
412:Pong
409:and
360:Pong
344:Pong
329:Pong
327:and
73:news
1210:doi
923:to
912:An
884:or
868:or
591:SNK
354:In
299:or
215:PCB
190:or
160:'s
152:or
140:An
56:by
2082::
1316:.
1288:.
1259:.
1248:^
1231:.
1206:28
1204:.
1192:^
1111:.
1093:.
1022:.
929:.
821:,
767:A
743:,
721:,
715:,
709:,
703:,
697:,
551:.
421:,
398:.
358:,
307:.
263:,
253:A
246:A
237:A
230:A
1370:e
1363:t
1356:v
1334:.
1302:.
1271:.
1242:.
1216:.
1212::
1186:.
1163:.
1137:.
1115:.
1097:.
641:)
510:)
213:(
205:.
198:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
