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Besawunena, attested only from a word list collected by
Kroeber, differs only slightly from Arapaho, but a few of its sound changes resemble those seen in Gros Ventre. It had speakers among the Northern Arapaho as recently as the late 1920s.
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Although
Glottolog's name for this branch mentions Besawunena, it is not listed within either of the two langoids or in its own langoid.
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Nawathinehena is also attested only from a word list collected by
Kroeber, and was the most divergent language of the group.
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Another reported
Arapahoan variety is the extinct Ha'anahawunena, but there is no documentation of it.
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Nawathinehena is extinct and
Arapaho and Gros Ventre are both endangered.
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The
Glottolog database classifies the Arapahoan languages as follows:
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430:. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Goddard, Ives (2001). "The
Algonquian Languages of the Plains." In
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369:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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1194:Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1121:Indigenous languages of the Americas
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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421:Handbook of North American Indians
307:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
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353:; Bank, Sebastian (2023-06-10).
329:"Nawathinehena (Nawathi'nehena)"
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385:from the original on 2023-08-24
268:Arapaho–Gros Ventre–Besawunena
34:needs additional citations for
1189:Languages of the United States
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1127:. You can help Knowledge by
1119:This article related to the
305:Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009.
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1179:Plains Algonquian languages
1089:language •
678:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
657:Massachusett Pidgin English
355:"Glottolog 4.8 - Arapahoic"
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449:at Native-languages.org
443:at Native-languages.org
785:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
378:10.5281/zenodo.7398962
318:Goddard 2001:74-76, 79
219:are a subgroup of the
58:"Arapahoan languages"
630:Southern New England
225:Algonquian languages
43:improve this article
909:Northwestern Ojibwa
872:Border Lakes Ojibwa
867:Berens River Ojibwa
772:Carolina Algonquian
650:Massachusett Pidgin
347:Hammarström, Harald
217:Arapahoan languages
622:Eastern Algonquian
351:Haspelmath, Martin
349:; Forkel, Robert;
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
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1129:expanding it
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387:. Retrieved
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177:Subdivisions
164:
136:distribution
105:
99:October 2018
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1060:Proto-Algic
733:Nanticockan
577:Swampy Cree
572:Plains Cree
523:Gros Ventre
277:Gros Ventre
237:Gros Ventre
1168:Categories
942:Potawatomi
934:Potawatomi
845:Potawatomi
749:Piscataway
603:Innu-aimun
582:Woods Cree
567:Moose Cree
515:Besawunena
492:Algonquian
410:References
389:2023-09-06
265:Arapahoic
157:Algonquian
134:Geographic
69:newspapers
1093:indicate
1035:Nansemond
1027:Uncertain
979:Menominee
969:Blackfoot
862:Algonquin
742:Nanticoke
688:Delawaran
598:Atikamekw
557:East Cree
501:Arapahoan
441:"Arapaho"
360:Glottolog
223:group of
201:Glottolog
165:Arapahoan
124:Arapahoan
1042:Pamunkey
974:Cheyenne
914:Oji-Cree
889:Chippewa
831:Kickapoo
796:Powhatan
779:Etchemin
695:Delaware
383:Archived
207:arap1273
129:Araphoic
16:Language
1174:Arapaho
1091:Italics
991:Shawnee
790:Mi'kmaq
766:Abenaki
722:Mahican
608:Naskapi
509:Arapaho
365:Leipzig
272:Arapaho
233:Arapaho
183:Arapaho
83:scholar
1083:Pidgin
1079:Creole
1004:Others
955:Others
919:Ottawa
854:Ojibwa
841:Ojibwa
759:Others
700:Munsee
591:Others
562:Michif
235:, and
221:Plains
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1123:is a
1087:Mixed
1018:Yurok
1012:Wiyot
713:Unami
293:Notes
152:Algic
90:JSTOR
76:books
1125:stub
824:Sauk
638:Loup
549:Cree
215:The
62:news
373:doi
45:by
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