37:
1961:
883:
1949:
1898:
1925:
1937:
457:, writing in 714 to a friend who had sent him a series of questions about the "Persian sage", confesses ignorance of his name, home and rank, but gathers from his works that he was a monk, and of high esteem in the clergy. The fact that in 344 he was selected to draw up a circular letter from a council of bishops and other clergy to the churches of
437:
that Rome should be a
Christian empire. Shapur perhaps grew anxious that the largely Syriac and Armenian Christians within his Empire might secretly support Rome. There are elements in Aphrahat's writing that show great pastoral concern for his harried flock, caught in the midst of all this turmoil.
469:
and others to prove that he was a bishop. According to a marginal note in a 14th-century manuscript (B.M. Orient. 1017), he was "bishop of Mar Mattai," a famous monastery near Mosul, but it is unlikely that this institution existed so early.
541:. It appears that there was a movement within the Persian church by some either to become Jews or return to Judaism, or to incorporate Jewish elements into Christianity. Aphrahat makes his stand by explaining the meaning of the symbols of
637:. The four heads of the leopard were the four successors of Alexander. The fourth beast appeared to include both the Macedonian successors of Alexander and the Roman emperors. Its horns he applied to the Seleucid kings down to
557:
falls outside of the alphabetic system of the early works, and appears to be slightly later, perhaps near the end of
Aphrahat's life. The twenty-third piece takes the symbolism of the grape, drawn from
525:
were not composed all at one time, but in three distinct periods. The first ten, composed in 337, concern themselves with
Christian life and church order, and predate the persecutions.
1221:
36:
1174:
Ablution, Initiation, and
Baptism: Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity = Waschungen, Initiation und Taufe: Spätantike, Frühes Judentum und Frühes Christentum
394:
family and may have himself been a convert from
Zoroastrianism, though this appears to be later speculation. However, he tells us that he took the Christian name Jacob at his
502:, they are intended to form "a full and ordered exposition of the Christian faith." The standpoint is that of the Syriac-speaking church, before it was touched by the
1248:
418:
makes identification with Jacob of
Nisibis impossible. Aphrahat, being a Persian subject, cannot have lived at Nisibis, which became Persian only by
1148:
1066:
1871:
1096:
898:
433:
in the early 340s by Shapur II. The persecutions arose out of political tensions between Rome and Persia, particularly the declaration of
1165:
1076:
907:
2021:
2011:
287:, who composed a series of twenty-three expositions or homilies on points of Christian doctrine and practice. All his known works, the
1847:
1060:
453:. He appears to have been quite prominent in the Christian Church of the Persian Empire during the first half of the fourth century.
1241:
1842:
1782:
1569:
1176:, ed. David Hellholm, Tor Vegge, Øyvind Norderval, Christer Hellholm (BZNW 176/I–III; Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2011) 1115–38.
529:
11–22 were composed at the height of the persecution, in 344. Some of this group deal with matters as before, others focus on
513:
are works of prose, but frequently, Aphrahat employs a poetic rhythm and imagery to his writing. Each of the first twenty-two
2001:
935:
1443:
2016:
1234:
1518:
1188:
1121:
945:
1772:
1512:
1506:
1767:
1554:
1413:
1837:
1487:
506:. Beginning with faith as the foundation, the writer proceeds to build up the structure of doctrine and duty.
429:, died in 338, and from the internal evidence of Aphrahat's works he must have witnessed the beginning of the
1752:
1347:
347:), Aphrahat witnessed to the concerns of the early church beyond the eastern boundaries of the Roman Empire.
1996:
1481:
1041:
466:
414:
version of nineteen of The
Demonstrations has been published under this latter name. Thorough study of the
1854:
1671:
1530:
1428:
1422:
1392:
634:
454:
1915:
1498:
1398:
1305:
622:, Aphrahat dealt with eschatology. Concerning the beasts of Daniel 7, he identified the first beast as
43:
Les Vies des Pères des déserts d'Orient : leur doctrine spirituelle et leur discipline monastique
1473:
1361:
1280:
430:
662:
1711:
1575:
1369:
499:
119:
2006:
1981:
1656:
1563:
730:
426:
402:
to a manuscript of 512 which contains twelve of his homilies. Hence he was already confused with
300:
115:
1110:
The prophetic faith of our fathers : the historical development of prophetic interpretation
1108:
1696:
1681:
1539:
1313:
1294:
638:
612:
530:
254:
1777:
1048:
version of 19 homilies edited, translated into Latin, and annotated by
Antonelli (Rome, 1756).
562:
chapter 65 and elsewhere, as its cue. It deals with the fulfillment of
Messianic promise from
434:
407:
399:
888:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1827:
1661:
1636:
989:
312:
150:
8:
1991:
1986:
1953:
1902:
1876:
1731:
1716:
1676:
1257:
631:
276:
1210:
1787:
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1621:
1335:
450:
157:
123:
494:
in all. Each work deals with a different item of faith or practice, and is a pastoral
1832:
1596:
1271:
1184:
1117:
1045:
941:
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503:
441:
It is understood that his name was
Aphrahat from comparatively late writers, such as
411:
324:
171:
490:, taḥwîṯâ). They are sometimes also known as "the homilies". There are twenty-three
1941:
1721:
1646:
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1328:
1265:
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403:
238:
167:
135:
101:
80:
1044:(London, 1869), and J. Parisot (with Latin translation, Paris, 1894); the ancient
1960:
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1200:
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Holy Misogyny Why the Sex and Gender Conflicts in the Early Church Still Matter
559:
391:
387:
163:
665:
in 1756 and containing only 19 homilies, circulated mistakenly under the name
1975:
1929:
1864:
1550:
1409:
1086:
902:
894:
889:
51:
911:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–166.
584:, the gospel harmony that served the church at his time. Aphrahat's mode of
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446:
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205:
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1965:
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304:
1140:"Aphraates and the Diatessaron," vol. ii. pp. 180–186 of Burkitt's
390:
ancestors. The author, who was known as "the Persian sage", came from a
1651:
442:
292:
1226:
599:
14, in which Aphrahat appears to be writing a letter on behalf of his
1606:
1215:
608:
595:
academies of his day. His position within the church is indicated in
458:
364:
1211:
English Translations of Demonstrations 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 17, 21 and 22
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1686:
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308:
144:
55:
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316:
262:
214:
210:
97:
76:
59:
23:
465:
and elsewhere (later to become Demonstration 14) is held by
370:
The name Aphrahat is the Syriac version of the Persian name
692:
320:
482:, from the identical first word in each of their titles (
657:, but were quickly translated into other languages. The
1004:
Pierre, M.-J., "Aphraate le sage persan: Les Exposés",
473:
311:, and later Syriac tradition places him at the head of
1071:
Proleg. in Aphr. Sapientis Persae sermones homileticos
1913:
859:
Kalariparampil, Joseph. "Aphrahat the Persian Sage",
323:. He was a near contemporary to the slightly younger
1116:. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald.
915:
1168:, "„Taufe“ und „untertauchen“ in Aphrahats ܬܚܘܝܬܐ (
1031:
566:to Christ. Aphrahat never strays too far from the
16:4th century Syriac-Christian theologian and author
1222:Audience of Pope Benedict XVI on 21 November 2007
1973:
1201:Demonstrations in Syriac with Latin translation.
574:: he is not given to philosophizing. All of his
425:Furthermore, Jacob of Nisibis, who attended the
363:around 280, during the rule of Sasanian Emperor
327:, but the latter lived within the sphere of the
1472:
1155:(1905) pp. 522–539, (1906) pp. 10–15
837:23 was probably written in the winter of 344–5
1242:
478:Aphrahat's works are collectively called the
381:
350:
1147:Articles on "Aphraates and Monasticism," by
291:, come from later on in his life. He was an
1872:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations
1249:
1235:
854:
852:
850:
517:begins with each successive letter of the
35:
811:Demonstration on the dispersion of Israel
796:Demonstration on the call of the Gentiles
641:, whom he identified as the Little Horn.
445:(10th century), Elias of Nisibis (11th),
876:
874:
872:
870:
826:Demonstration on death and the last days
693:Order and subjects of The Demonstrations
1843:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
1256:
1183:. Detroit:Gale Research Company, 1985.
1181:Holidays and Anniversaries of the World
1051:Translations of particular homilies by
933:
847:
1974:
1570:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
1033:
985:
983:
981:
921:
893:
1230:
1106:
1017:
994:, Vol. XIII, T&T Clark, Edinburgh
867:
588:is strikingly similar to that of the
578:quotations seem to be drawn from the
521:(of which there are twenty-two). The
355:Aphrahat was born near the border of
1206:Lexicon and index to Demonstrations.
1101:Le Christianisme dans l'empire perse
1059:; the whole have been translated by
934:DeConik, April (22 September 2011).
487:
340:
230:
978:
382:
250:
242:
13:
831:Demonstration concerning the grape
801:Demonstration on Jesus the Messiah
303:(an early Syriac form of communal
14:
2033:
2022:Christians in the Sasanian Empire
2012:4th-century Christian theologians
1848:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
1519:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
1216:Demonstrations 2 and 7 translated
1194:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1896:
1513:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1507:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
1159:
881:
705:1–10 were probably written 336–7
653:were originally composed in the
766:11–22 were probably written 344
644:
1838:Assyrian independence movement
1488:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
1153:Journal of Theological Studies
1011:
998:
992:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
954:
927:
791:Demonstration on various foods
410:(before 496), and the ancient
374:, which is the modern Persian
299:, and was almost definitely a
1:
1081:De Vita et Scriptis Aphraatis
1026:
940:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
742:Demonstration on resurrection
90:
69:
2002:4th-century Christian saints
1107:Froom, Le Roy Edwin (1950).
990:Schaff, Philip. "Aphrahat",
821:Demonstration on persecution
685:, but wrongly attributed to
498:or exposition. According to
398:, and is so entitled in the
7:
1855:Terms for Syriac Christians
1672:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
1531:Assyrian Church of the East
1429:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
1423:Assyrian Evangelical Church
1393:Assyrian Church of the East
816:Demonstration on almsgiving
455:George, bishop of the Arabs
10:
2038:
2017:4th-century Iranian people
1399:Ancient Church of the East
1091:Early Eastern Christianity
806:Demonstration on virginity
786:Demonstration on preaching
737:Demonstration on penitents
474:About "The Demonstrations"
351:Life, history and identity
258:
1885:
1807:
1740:
1589:
1549:
1528:
1497:
1457:(active 1st century–1601)
1442:
1408:
1383:
1360:
1327:
1304:
1279:
1264:
1142:Evangelion Da-Mepharreshe
747:Demonstration on humility
431:persecution of Christians
204:
188:
156:
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129:
107:
86:
65:
50:
34:
21:
1712:Dionysius of Vattasseril
1576:Believers Eastern Church
1370:Chaldean Catholic Church
841:
752:Demonstration on pastors
714:Demonstration on fasting
709:Demonstration on charity
669:. Important versions in
500:Francis Crawford Burkitt
319:in what is now northern
120:Oriental Orthodox Church
1903:Christianity portal
1657:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
1564:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
1444:Saint Thomas Christians
908:Encyclopædia Britannica
731:members of the covenant
719:Demonstration on prayer
586:biblical interpretation
427:First Council of Nicaea
116:Eastern Orthodox Church
1697:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
1682:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
1540:Chaldean Syrian Church
1314:Syriac Orthodox Church
1295:Syriac Catholic Church
699:Demonstration on faith
661:version, published by
613:Seleucia on the Tigris
533:themes. However, four
307:). He may have been a
275:, was a third-century
778:Demonstration on the
770:Demonstration on the
724:Demonstration on wars
681:were translated into
435:Constantine the Great
408:Gennadius of Massilia
386:). He might have had
41:Aphrahat depicted in
1828:Assyrian nationalism
1773:Koy Sanjaq Christian
1758:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
1748:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1662:Dionysius bar Salibi
1637:Philoxenus of Mabbug
1490:(West Syriac) (1932)
1484:(East Syriac) (1665)
1032:References noted in
677:exist. A few of the
607:of Persian capital,
313:Mar Mattai Monastery
273:Aphrahat the Persian
151:Mar Mattai Monastery
29:Aphrahat the Persian
1997:Mesopotamian saints
1877:Syriac sacral music
1732:Baselios Paulose II
1717:Geevarghese Ivanios
1677:Abraham of Angamaly
1482:Syro-Malabar Church
1258:Syriac Christianity
553:. The twenty-third
537:are concerned with
301:son of the covenant
1753:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
1692:Abraham Koorilos I
1622:Severus of Antioch
1555:Eastern Protestant
1414:Eastern Protestant
1342:"Nestorian Church"
1336:Church of the East
1179:Urdang, Laurence.
1020:, pp. 403–404
1006:Source Chrétiennes
451:Abdisho bar Berika
422:'s treaty of 363.
124:Church of the East
1911:
1910:
1833:Assyrian homeland
1821:Assyrian genocide
1597:Ephrem the Syrian
1585:
1584:
1499:Oriental Orthodox
1438:
1437:
1323:
1322:
1306:Oriental Orthodox
1272:Church of Antioch
1144:(Cambridge, 1904)
757:Demonstration on
729:Demonstration on
687:Ephrem the Syrian
635:Macedonian empire
504:Arian controversy
406:, by the time of
325:Ephrem the Syrian
283:descent from the
220:
219:
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108:Venerated in
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1474:Eastern Catholic
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1362:Eastern Catholic
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1281:Eastern Catholic
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1063:(Leipzig, 1888).
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863:, August 1, 2014
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628:Media and Persia
620:Demonstrations 5
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404:Jacob of Nisibis
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361:Neo-Persian Iran
342:
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268:), venerated as
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1889:* Defunct with
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1612:Jacob Baradaeus
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1151:and Burkitt in
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345:Ḥakkimā Pārsāyā
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572:Demonstrations
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523:Demonstrations
515:Demonstrations
511:Demonstrations
492:Demonstrations
480:Demonstrations
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416:Demonstrations
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1954:Christianity
1800:(Liturgical)
1707:Elias Mellus
1667:Bar Hebraeus
1627:Paul the Jew
1601:
1451:
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1334:
1268:, legacy of
1180:
1173:
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1131:Theodor Zahn
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645:Translations
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333:Persian Sage
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329:Roman Empire
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222:
221:
162:29 January (
42:
1727:Thoma Darmo
1590:Key figures
1529:Nestorian (
1331:, legacy of
1329:East Syriac
1266:West Syriac
1135:Forschungen
1057:E. W. Budge
1034:McLean 1911
966:syriaca.org
922:McLean 1911
632:Alexander's
581:Diatessaron
531:apocalyptic
392:Zoroastrian
357:Roman Syria
341:ܚܟܝܡܐ ܦܪܣܝܐ
305:monasticism
1992:345 deaths
1987:270 births
1976:Categories
1652:John Maron
1551:Protestant
1410:Protestant
1097:J. Labourt
1027:References
1018:Froom 1950
971:2023-09-11
962:"Aphrahat"
590:Babylonian
443:Bar Bahlul
279:author of
190:Attributes
94: 345
73: 280
1942:Biography
1741:Languages
1607:Nestorius
1448:legacy of
1385:Nestorian
1166:M. Lattke
1077:J. Forget
1042:W. Wright
899:Aphraates
897:(1911). "
663:Antonelli
639:Antiochus
609:Ctesiphon
459:Ctesiphon
365:Shapur II
266:Aphraates
206:Patronage
131:Canonized
1860:Arameans
1817:/Syriac
1808:See also
1768:Hertevin
1763:Garshuni
1602:Aphrahat
1170:taḥwyāṯā
1046:Armenian
861:Dukhrana
772:Passover
671:Georgian
659:Armenian
593:rabbinic
547:Passover
463:Seleucia
412:Armenian
400:colophon
297:celibate
259:Ἀφραάτης
235:Ap̄rahaṭ
223:Aphrahat
1916:Portals
1687:Thoma I
1172:)", in
1061:G. Bert
905:(ed.).
892::
780:Sabbath
624:Babylon
603:to the
570:in the
551:Shabbat
539:Judaism
396:baptism
293:ascetic
281:Iranian
239:Persian
195:Shemagh
1930:Saints
1798:Syriac
1793:Turoyo
1783:Senaya
1778:Mlaḥsô
1578:(2017)
1572:(1961)
1566:(1852)
1542:(1701)
1521:(1772)
1515:(1912)
1509:(1665)
1461:Kerala
1431:(1940)
1425:(1870)
1401:(1968)
1395:(1552)
1297:(1662)
1187:
1120:
944:
901:". In
886:
683:Arabic
605:clergy
576:gospel
560:Isaiah
496:homily
488:ܬܚܘܝܬܐ
484:Syriac
377:Farhād
372:Frahāt
337:Syriac
309:bishop
261:, and
247:Arabic
227:Syriac
145:shrine
143:Major
56:Bishop
45:(1886)
1632:Maron
1465:India
1340:(the
1316:(512)
1291:(685)
1114:(PDF)
842:Notes
675:Ge'ez
601:synod
568:Bible
383:فرهاد
317:Mosul
315:near
270:Saint
263:Latin
243:فرهاد
231:ܐܦܪܗܛ
215:Mosul
211:Erbil
199:habit
158:Feast
98:Erbil
77:Erbil
60:Abbot
24:Saint
1966:Asia
1450:the
1374:1552
1352:1552
1333:the
1270:the
1185:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1055:and
942:ISBN
673:and
649:The
564:Adam
549:and
509:The
461:and
449:and
321:Iraq
295:and
178:Tobi
87:Died
66:Born
1459:in
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