317:"Collection of Royal Castle in Warsaw - Antoni Ĺukasz Crutta. ( Antoni Ĺukasz Crutta Signed and dated bottom left: Duchâteau/ Pinxit/ 1779 (the last digit is barely visible). Jean-François Duchâteau (d. after 1796); French painter active in Istanbul and connected with the diplomatic corps. Antoni Ĺukasz Crutta (1727â1812), was born in Cyprus. The son of an Albanian father and Italian mother, he was clerk and translator/interpreter to the Venetian consulate in Larnaca. From 1765 he was in the service of StanisĹaw August as translator of oriental languages; he was made a nobleman in 1775. Pendant to the portrait of his wife (ZKW/722/ab)"
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work was useless. He asked the
Royalty to pay off his old debts which he had acquired in Cyprus and Istanbul and the Polish king paid 23 ducats a month, which Crutta deemed insufficient for his services and complained. He spoke 9 languages. His personal name in archival documents has been spelled as Antonio, Antoine and Antoni. His brother Pierre, and his son Jean, followed in the same tracks, and worked in Istanbul, trying to persuade the French to help the Poles form an alliance. He received an English passport by the English ambassador in Warsaw and travelled to Constantinople where he met French diplomat
35:
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194:" and he was a cherished dragoman of the Byzantine and Middle East. He was also a guide and intermediary between foreigners and inhabitants of the Orient. Prior to his service to the Polish king, Crutta had served in the Court of Venice in Cyprus. He spoke Latin, Greek, French, English, Italian, Armenian, Turkish, Tatar and Persian. In 1777, he accompanied MP Numanbey, representing the Ottoman Sultan, and translating Treaty Documents. In 1792, for his services in helping maintain the peace between Poland and the Ottomans that he was ennobled by the
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179:. There exists a well-known portrait of Antoine Crutta, painted by Canaletto, representing the election of King StanisĹaw August Poniatowski in 1764. Joseph Crutta wanted to stay in Istanbul and work as the Russian consul as the Russian climate could prove fatal. Joseph Crutta apparently died in 1780 from drug abuse and so did his brother Alexander Crutta. He served as interpreter and translator of King
198:. He spent the last years of his life in Lewiczyn, in the estates of his son-in-law, Wojciech Piotr BedliĹski. He died there on June 11, 1812, and is buried in Lewiczyn, near his daughter Eliza and her husband Wojciech BedliĹski. His grandson, Antoni BedliĹski built him a monument which depicts Crutta's name and the
221:
first in 1776, which was given to court marshal
Francizsek Rzewuski. The painting currently in the Poznan National Museum. A second one was painted in 1778 with more details. The painting depicts the election of 1764, September 7, outside of Warsaw, now a district of the capital. According to museum
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in Cyprus. He worked in Cyprus until 1765 when he arrived through the
British ambassador to Constantinople to transmit his offers to the King of Poland. Descorches and Crutta worked to withdraw the Ottoman Empire from war in order to maintain the peace with Poland, but due to the insurrection, their
166:
Situated in the northwestern section of the parish cemetery in
Lewiczyn, an obelisk carved from sandstone stands, crowned with an urn partially covered by a spire and adorned with a vine garland. Above the epitaph, which details the names of Antoni Krutta (d. 1812) and his daughter Eliza, who was
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Standing in front of the tent, a stout grand man, deed in a fur cap and blue coat, in floral zupper and red greyhounds with a dagger stuck behind his belt, looking through the magnifying glass of the election, an expert in
Eastern languages and head office of the Crown Chancellery, Antoni Ĺukasz
733:(On the right, at the very edge of the painting, we can see Bellotto in profile, in a tent, seated at a table with his three daughters as well as, standing before them, Antoni Lukasz Crutta, the king's translator for languages oriental. ed.). www.louvre.fr. Archived from
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exhibition curator
Stephane Loire, curator from the Painting Department of the Louvre Museum Andrzej Rottermund and curator at the Royal Château in Varsovie Hanna Malachowicz, Antonio Crutta is depicted at the far right, standing in front of Bellotto with his three daughters.
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Crutta (1725-1812), Albanian, or more specifically
Italian, Albanian, probably a Venetian citizen who arrived in 1765 Warsaw, in 1775 he obtained an indigenate, and on February 26, 1778 he received the title of consistory officer in foreign countries.
476:
Deutsche
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Institut fßr Griechisch-RÜmische Altertumskunde, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Zentralinstitut fßr Alte Geschichte und Archäologie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Sektion Orient- und
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Il mourut le ll juin 1812, juste avant les grands ĂŠvĂŠnements qui allaient de nouveau bouleverser la vie de sa seconde patrie. Son petit-fils, BedliĹski, y fit construire un beau monument tombal avec ses
725:
727:
RFI partenaire de l'exposition "Bernardo
Bellotto. Tableaux du Château Royal de Varsovie" et du cycle "IdentitÊs polonaises : patrimoine et crÊation à l'auditorium du Louvre"
364:
Travels
Through Different Cities of Germany, Italy, Greece and Several Parts of Asia, as the Far as the Banks of the Euphrates, in a Series of Letters... by Alexander Drummond,...
251:"The Albanian Kruta family and some of its eminent individuals â a contribution to the research of communications on the eastern adriatic coastline in the early Modern age"
790:
155:, who had sent Pierre on the mission, was overthrown and Pierre remained in Istanbul until he died in 1797. Crutta had also served in the British embassy under
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Antonio is depicted in Bernardo Bellotto's painting "Election of Stanislas Augustus" from 1776 and 1778. Mieczyslaw Wallis describes him as follows:
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since 1693. They were known to serve Russian, French, English, Polish and Venetian embassies as interpreters. Another member of the family titled "
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Antonio Crutta was also a politician and translator of Oriental languages. He lived in Lewiczyn in the Belsk DuĹźy commune. The Poles called him "
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of 1787-92 in Poland. His role in the negotiations was to "melt the suspicions of the Turks without arousing the suspicions of the Russians".
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PaĹstwowy Instytut Sztuki [Hrsg.]; Stowarzyszenie HistorykĂłw Sztuki [Hrsg.]: Biuletyn Historii Sztuki (16.1954)
131:" is mentioned as a dragoman and chancellor in service of the British embassy between 1745 and 1764 in the European colony of
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His brother, Joseph Crutta, was also a dragoman for the Russian embassy in Istanbul. He spent several years in prison in the
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British-Ottoman Relations, 1661-1807: Commerce and Diplomatic Practice in Eighteenth-century Istanbul
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Interpreters as Diplomats: A Diplomatic History of the Role of Interpreters in World Politics
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Crutta entered early in the service of Poland on January 1, 1748, as the chancellor of the
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married to General Wojciech Piotr BedliĹski, are two intricately carved coats of arms.
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119:(Kryethi) tribe. His mother was Italian. The family has established themselves in
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Insular Destinies: Perspectives on the history and politics of modern Cyprus
99:, 1727 – June 11, 1812) was a diplomat and politician in the
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648:. No. Life and death of Crutta Ĺukasz Antoni. Belskduzy commune
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107:. For his services, to the Polish state he was ennobled in 1792.
428:(in French). PaĹstwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 1961. pp. 85â88, 93
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Eastward Bound: Dutch Ventures and Adventures in the Middle East
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Eastward Bound: Dutch Ventures and Adventures in the Middle East
217:(1778). "Election of Stanislas Augustus" by Italian painter
480:. University of Michigan: Akademie-Verlag. 168. p. 308
672:"Une famille albanaise au service de la Pologne au XVIII"
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His father was Albanian and descended from the Albanian
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570:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 20.
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791:Diplomats of the PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
529:(in French). Towarzystwo. 1961. pp. 96â97.
284:. In van Gelder, G. J. H.; de Moor, Ed (eds.).
564:Reychman, Jan; Zajaczkowski, Ananiasz (2014).
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334:Gelder, G. J. H. van; Moor, Ed de (1994).
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642:"Crutta Ĺukasz Antoni - Gmina Belsk DuĹźy"
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567:Handbook of Ottoman-Turkish Diplomatics
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609:. University of Ottawa Press. p.
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39:Crutta Ĺukasz Antoni or Antonio Crutta
453:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 152.
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425:Polish archives of oriental research
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499:Ward, Sir Adolphus William (1907).
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676:Berliner byzantinistische Arbeiten
282:"Dragomans in Istanbul, 1785-1834"
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389:Kitromilides, Paschalis (2019).
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280:de Groot, Alexander H. (1994).
215:L'Ălection de Stanislas Auguste
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255:Historijski Zbornik God. Lxii
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192:Albanian Antoni Lukasz Crutta
771:18th-century Albanian people
502:The Cambridge Modern History
361:Drummond, Alexander (1754).
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181:StanisĹaw August Poniatowski
105:StanisĹaw August Poniatowski
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249:ÄoraliÄ, Lovorka (2009).
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545:. 1959. pp. 609â611
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153:Tadeusz KoĹciuszko
140:Republic of Venice
620:978-0-7766-0501-2
577:978-3-11-081269-5
402:978-1-351-12780-6
347:978-90-5183-717-9
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236:References
151:. However
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127:" or "
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121:Pera
57:Died
48:1727
45:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
