124:
depression from ever occurring again, however, the market crash in 2008 still occurred, despite these measures. Anticipatory governance also supersedes information about people that may never happen in actual reality. By drawing conclusions based on anticipatory predictions certain groups in society face the consequences of this practice and are subject to prejudices by others within society. For example, predictive policing can target specific individuals within a society because the information provided by such analytics and technology, supports recidivism. Recidivism is the concept that people that have committed crimes are likely to recommit offences, thus becoming individuals of interest in predictive policing data (see
115:
are influenced by it, such as discrimination and self-fulfilling prophecies. Anticipatory governance can also allow the secondary use of information by governments, which in some cases can impede on citizen liberties. Based on the information and data that is gathered by governments, they can utilize this data in unintended ways and unbeknownst to the citizen in order to practice anticipatory governance.
33:). More recently, anticipatory governance has become data oriented practice which allows citizens and governments to utilize data as contributions and evidence for decision making regarding various matters within society. For example, Finland has a Finnish parliamentary Committee for the Future, which takes advantage of foresight to predict and evaluate the impact of developments to the country.
107:). Under this category of nano ethics anticipatory governance falls under anticipatory ethics, which originated in the 1960s. Anticipatory ethics and governance addresses the ethical repercussions associated with technologies in their beginning stages. It assesses the risks that the technology might present and therefore can affect future decision making of such technology (see
60:
account for several possible future avenues. In order to determine these possible avenues the following list of indicators are required: "aggregated averages, risk assessment, sensitivity analysis of factors or decisions driving the scenarios, identification of unacceptable scenarios or worst cases, and assessment of common and different impacts among the scenarios."
73:. Governments utilize predictive analytics to examine what kinds of behaviour and events that may occur as a result of this collected of data. Anticipatory governance can be used by enforcement agencies in order to proactively protect the public, for instance by estimating where future crimes may occur and identifying areas of improvement for law enforcement.
51:
anticipatory governance can detect and assess the development of future programs and policy. Feedback can be done through audits, and assessments of performance. The anticipatory system must adapt to consider possibilities that result from the data and may appear to be untraditional to allow the system to be effective and depend on pragmatic data.
114:
Anticipatory governance in the concept of predictive analytics, data, and governing can be seen as controversial because its measures can be perceived as unethical. The practice of anticipatory governance presents its own ethical issues concerning the effects its methods have on the individuals that
94:
Primarily, anticipatory governance relies on data in order to derive predictive analytical evidence to support its practice, therefore, it is necessary to have an infrastructure that sustains the produced data, such as databases, coding, computational power, and algorithms. These infrastructures can
90:
Anticipatory governance involves a governing body to implement its practice, such as government institutions and policies. For example, education governance utilizes policy instrumentation in order to gather data about students as a means of creating predictions to improve future education. However,
81:
Anticipatory governance is not always focused on finding solution, rather it can be focused on a preventative method altogether. As a result of this methodology, anticipatory governance, can be an alternative to having the bureaucracy form specific groups to address issues, whereby, the issue can be
59:
Anticipatory governance utilizes various techniques to assess society which can evaluate the continuous information from knowledge based technologies, such as machine learning. Anticipatory governance also takes into consideration that the concept cannot predict the future certainly, however, it can
131:
Anticipatory governance raises the concern regarding the need for traditional governments. If anticipatory governance and its associated technologies, information, and data are used to govern and make decisions within nation states, it can alter the responsibilities of government. However, without
19:
is a method of decision making that uses predictive measures to anticipate possible outcomes to then make decisions based on the data provided. Anticipatory governance is a system of governing that is made up of processes and institutions that rely on foresight and predictions to decrease risk and
36:
Since 2001, the
Millennium Project has initiated a project entitled the State of the Future Index, has been using a predictive methodology to foresee the future for global countries based on historical data, variables and indicators, such as GDP, annual population, literacy rates, population, and
123:
Due to the fact that anticipatory governance can be considered hypothetical the certainty of the future is not definite, thus, there is a measure of doubt associated with the practice. For example, following the Great
Depression, measures were taken within the United States economy to prevent a
50:
Anticipatory governance is a system with four components. They allow the system to: use a foresight, have a networked system that integrates foresight and policy procedures, receive feedback in order to improve efficiency and knowledge, and allow for flexibility. By allowing for feedback,
91:
anticipatory governance can also be applicable in similar instances by private companies and by smaller organizations. For instance, Hewlett
Packard can determine which employees will leave the company and they are able to identify ways of preventing this turnover.
68:
Anticipatory governance allows the state to use collected public information in order to determine predictive practices and draw conclusions based on this data. Data that is gathered by governments in large volumes can be considered
132:
the use of anticipatory governance the alternative is to utilize a reactive form of governance, which results in a decision making process that can take longer and lead to implications that are difficult to predict and prevent.
28:
Anticipatory governance is a concept that has been derived from terms of similar meaning, like forward engagement and forward deployment, which was a primary focus for decisions made by the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
128:). Anticipatory governance can also target specific people and places concerning policing, which affects the behaviours of people within these areas, such as enforcing self-fulfilling prophecies and discrimination.
82:
avoided due to precise foresight. Furthermore, anticipatory governance can also be considered a precaution, in the sense that it is a practice for preparing for the possible future.
775:
Schlehahn, Eva; Aichroth, Patrick; Mann, Sebastian; Schreiner, Rudolf; Lang, Ulrich; Shephard, Ifan D.H.; Wong, B.L. William (2015). "Benefits and
Pitfalls of Predictive Policing".
681:
Hester, Karena; et al. (2015). "Anticipation Ethics and
Governance (AEG): Towards a Future Care Orientation Around Nanotechnology".
792:
732:
479:
609:"Digital education governance: data visualization, predictive analytics, and 'real-time' policy instruments"
570:"Digital education governance: data visualization, predictive analytics, and 'real-time' policy instruments"
608:
20:
develop efficient methods to address events in their early conception or prevent them altogether.
95:
be provided by private companies that have the resources and technologies to acquire and create them.
852:
104:
261:
103:
There is type of ethical analysis related to anticipatory governance known as nano ethics (see
151:
108:
8:
857:
279:
141:
125:
798:
698:
437:
188:
788:
728:
702:
660:
550:
515:
475:
441:
399:
192:
802:
828:
780:
757:
690:
652:
623:
587:
577:
542:
507:
429:
391:
364:
337:
310:
242:
215:
180:
628:
582:
569:
433:
184:
171:
Quay, Ray (2010). "Anticipatory
Governance: A tool for Climate Change Adaption".
832:
761:
694:
368:
341:
314:
246:
219:
846:
656:
546:
511:
395:
664:
554:
519:
403:
784:
472:
The Data
Revolution, Big Data, Data Infrastructure and Their Consequences
420:
Quay, Ray (2010). "Anticipatory
Governance: A Tool for Climate Change".
748:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
355:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
328:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
301:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
233:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
206:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009-07-17). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
592:
725:
The Data
Revolution, Big Data, Infrastructure and Their Consequences
643:
Huston, David H. (2013). "Understanding 'anticipatory governance'".
533:
Guston, David H. (2013). "Understanding 'anticipatory governance'".
498:
Guston, David H. (2013). "Understanding 'anticipatory governance'".
382:
Guston, David H. (2013). "Understanding 'anticipatory governance'".
146:
70:
819:
Fuerth, Leon S. (2009). "Foresight and anticipatory governance".
777:
2015 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference
774:
259:
30:
844:
422:Journal of the American Planning Association
173:Journal of the American Planning Association
23:
606:
567:
627:
591:
581:
722:
469:
845:
818:
814:
812:
747:
718:
716:
714:
712:
680:
676:
674:
642:
532:
497:
493:
491:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
415:
413:
381:
354:
327:
300:
277:
260:Institute for the Future (2009–2010).
232:
205:
419:
170:
809:
709:
671:
488:
448:
410:
45:
13:
14:
869:
727:. California: Sage. p. 201.
474:. California: Sage. p. 200.
768:
741:
636:
600:
561:
526:
118:
375:
348:
321:
294:
271:
253:
226:
199:
164:
40:
1:
629:10.1080/02680939.2015.1035758
583:10.1080/02680939.2015.1035758
157:
54:
434:10.1080/01944363.2010.508428
278:Gordon, Theodore J. (2015).
185:10.1080/01944363.2010.508428
76:
7:
616:Journal of Education Policy
574:Journal of Education Policy
280:"State of the Future Index"
267:. Institute for the Future.
135:
63:
10:
874:
833:10.1108/14636680910982412
762:10.1108/14636680910982412
695:10.1007/s11569-015-0229-y
645:Social Studies of Science
535:Social Studies of Science
500:Social Studies of Science
384:Social Studies of Science
369:10.1108/14636680910982412
342:10.1108/14636680910982412
315:10.1108/14636680910982412
262:"Anticipatory Governance"
247:10.1108/14636680910982412
220:10.1108/14636680910982412
98:
85:
657:10.1177/0306312713508669
607:Williamson, Ben (2016).
568:Williamson, Ben (2016).
547:10.1177/0306312713508669
512:10.1177/0306312713508669
396:10.1177/0306312713508669
282:. The Millennium Project
105:Impact of nanotechnology
24:History and applications
17:Anticipatory governance
785:10.1109/EISIC.2015.29
723:Kitchin, Rob (2014).
470:Kitchin, Rob (2014).
779:. pp. 145–148.
152:Predictive analytics
109:Predictive analytics
428:(4). Chicago: 498.
142:Predictive policing
126:Predictive policing
576:. 31: 2 (2): 125.
794:978-1-4799-8657-6
734:978-1-4462-8747-7
481:978-1-4462-8747-7
865:
837:
836:
816:
807:
806:
772:
766:
765:
745:
739:
738:
720:
707:
706:
678:
669:
668:
640:
634:
633:
631:
613:
604:
598:
597:
595:
585:
565:
559:
558:
530:
524:
523:
495:
486:
485:
467:
446:
445:
417:
408:
407:
379:
373:
372:
352:
346:
345:
325:
319:
318:
298:
292:
291:
289:
287:
275:
269:
268:
266:
257:
251:
250:
230:
224:
223:
203:
197:
196:
168:
46:Four part system
873:
872:
868:
867:
866:
864:
863:
862:
853:Data collection
843:
842:
841:
840:
817:
810:
795:
773:
769:
746:
742:
735:
721:
710:
679:
672:
641:
637:
611:
605:
601:
566:
562:
531:
527:
496:
489:
482:
468:
449:
418:
411:
380:
376:
353:
349:
326:
322:
299:
295:
285:
283:
276:
272:
264:
258:
254:
231:
227:
204:
200:
169:
165:
160:
138:
121:
101:
88:
79:
66:
57:
48:
43:
26:
12:
11:
5:
871:
861:
860:
855:
839:
838:
808:
793:
767:
740:
733:
708:
670:
635:
599:
560:
525:
506:(2): 223–224.
487:
480:
447:
409:
374:
347:
320:
293:
270:
252:
225:
198:
162:
161:
159:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
137:
134:
120:
117:
100:
97:
87:
84:
78:
75:
65:
62:
56:
53:
47:
44:
42:
39:
37:unemployment.
25:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
870:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
848:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
813:
804:
800:
796:
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
736:
730:
726:
719:
717:
715:
713:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
675:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
630:
625:
621:
617:
610:
603:
594:
589:
584:
579:
575:
571:
564:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
492:
483:
477:
473:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
414:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
378:
370:
366:
362:
358:
351:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
281:
274:
263:
256:
248:
244:
240:
236:
229:
221:
217:
213:
209:
202:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
167:
163:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
133:
129:
127:
116:
112:
110:
106:
96:
92:
83:
74:
72:
61:
52:
38:
34:
32:
21:
18:
827:(4): 14–32.
824:
820:
776:
770:
753:
749:
743:
724:
686:
682:
648:
644:
638:
619:
615:
602:
573:
563:
538:
534:
528:
503:
499:
471:
425:
421:
387:
383:
377:
363:(4): 24–25.
360:
356:
350:
333:
329:
323:
306:
302:
296:
286:November 30,
284:. Retrieved
273:
255:
241:(4): 15–16.
238:
234:
228:
211:
207:
201:
176:
172:
166:
130:
122:
119:Shortcomings
113:
102:
93:
89:
80:
67:
58:
49:
35:
27:
16:
15:
41:Methodology
858:Governance
847:Categories
689:(2): 124.
683:Nanoethics
651:(2): 220.
622:(2): 126.
593:1893/21746
541:(2): 226.
390:(2): 219.
179:(4): 496.
158:References
55:Indicators
821:Foresight
756:(4): 28.
750:Foresight
703:255310095
442:155678316
357:Foresight
336:(4): 23.
330:Foresight
309:(4): 20.
303:Foresight
235:Foresight
214:(4): 29.
208:Foresight
193:155678316
77:Variation
803:16030605
665:24941612
555:24941612
520:24941612
404:24941612
147:Big data
136:See also
71:Big data
64:Big data
801:
791:
731:
701:
663:
553:
518:
478:
440:
402:
191:
99:Ethics
86:Actors
799:S2CID
699:S2CID
612:(PDF)
438:S2CID
265:(PDF)
189:S2CID
789:ISBN
729:ISBN
661:PMID
551:PMID
516:PMID
476:ISBN
400:PMID
288:2016
31:NATO
829:doi
781:doi
758:doi
691:doi
653:doi
624:doi
588:hdl
578:doi
543:doi
508:doi
430:doi
392:doi
365:doi
338:doi
311:doi
243:doi
216:doi
181:doi
111:).
849::
825:11
823:.
811:^
797:.
787:.
754:11
752:.
711:^
697:.
685:.
673:^
659:.
649:44
647:.
620:31
618:.
614:.
586:.
572:.
549:.
539:44
537:.
514:.
504:44
502:.
490:^
450:^
436:.
426:76
424:.
412:^
398:.
388:44
386:.
361:11
359:.
334:11
332:.
307:11
305:.
239:11
237:.
212:11
210:.
187:.
177:76
175:.
835:.
831::
805:.
783::
764:.
760::
737:.
705:.
693::
687:9
667:.
655::
632:.
626::
596:.
590::
580::
557:.
545::
522:.
510::
484:.
444:.
432::
406:.
394::
371:.
367::
344:.
340::
317:.
313::
290:.
249:.
245::
222:.
218::
195:.
183::
29:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.