505:
181:
385:
333:
scientific exploration. Both were appointed by the
Minister of the Navy and Overseas, Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, to then assume positions considered important for the administration of the Portuguese Empire in its centrality, to then apply, in an efficient and firm way, the current reformist policy. A collaboration was then established between the so-called "men of science" and "men of politics", that is, between those who produced scientific knowledge and those who combined financial resources and support, so necessary for science and its development.
31:
429:. The deputies elected for São Paulo had Antônio Carlos among its six members. The text that guided their work had no separatist intention, in fact, it believed in the indissolubility of the relationship between Brazil and Portugal, ensuring equality of representation between the general and ordinary courts. The text also had liberal principles, trying to preserve privileges and rights conquered by Brazil since the
413:
Pernambuco's dissatisfaction with the government in Rio de
Janeiro, which began to question the centralization of government in Rio. Antônio Carlos' involvement with the movement resulted in his imprisonment for four years. The Court reacted violently against the members of the Pernambuco Revolut, promoting strong repression that ended up causing the arrest and conviction of hundreds of people.
297:, who was immensely concerned with propagating practical and useful knowledge. Antônio Carlos stood out as one of the main translators of these works that offered useful knowledge, especially those dealing with agriculture and how to practice it in different nations and cultures. Translating and publishing these efforts was part of an effort to achieve the regeneration of the
472:
leave open to them another path of prosperity other than this one... I will always be a decided enemy of those who, against the nature of the causes, against experience, want to derail the public opinion in Brazil with republican dreams and chimeras, and for the sake of their precarious fortune to wade rivers of blood, to reach a goal they will never achieve.
458:. From this moment on, Antônio Carlos assumed an essential position for the political scenario in Brazil. He "played a fundamental role in the first conclave of the founders of the Empire-Nation: the Constituent Assembly of 1823, destined to clash with authoritarian feelings, in contradiction with the libertarian ideas of
537:'s majority by the Senate. On 21 July 1840 he presented a law project in the Chamber of Deputies that declared the Emperor "an adult since now", which resulted in a political crisis and later the so-called "majority coup". His move resulted in the young emperor Pedro II taking office on July 23, putting an end to the
370:. Alongside him would were members José Mariano Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, José Joaquim da Rocha, Luís Pereira da Nóbrega, José Joaquim da Gama Lobo, captain Ornellas and Belchior Pinheiro de Oliveira. The lodge would later be denounced and all its utensils would be thrown into the sea at the behest of Prince Regent
268:
Antônio Carlos was one of the literate judges who came from the
University of Coimbra to then be appointed to a position as a magistrate in Brazil. Upon finishing the course, individuals could request a reading that opened access to the career to compete for the "places of letters". Between the years
248:
in 1773, his parents were Maria Bárbara da Silva and Bonifácio José Ribeiro de
Andrada. His father had the second largest fortune in Santos, being an employee of the Portuguese Crown and also a merchant. He received primary education from his own family, including his uncles who were priests, due to
240:
It is possible to say that, of the three
Andrada brothers, José Bonifácio, Martim Francisco and Antônio Carlos, the latter received the least attention from modern historiography. While the stories of José Bonifácio and Martim Francisco are well documented, the life, career and trajectory of Antônio
529:
in 1823. In this periodical the
Andrada brothers showed their opposition to the government of Pedro I. After being exiled with his brothers, Antônio Carlos returned to Brazil in 1828. In 1832 he was appointed, in London, the plenipotentiary minister of Brazil, but ended up refusing the position. In
412:
to occupy the position of ombudsman. Two years later, in 1817, he became involved in the
Pernambuco Revolt. While many planters in Pernambuco had monopolistic mercantile practices, heavy taxes were still levied on exportable goods and goods for domestic consumption, such as food. This resulted in
332:
Having in their curriculum the scientific training at the
University of Coimbra and the participation in the Arco Cego Typography, both brothers Antônio Carlos and Martim Francisco entered the illustrated elite that was interested in the study of man and nature, thanks to the reformist program of
544:
Antônio Carlos became
Minister of the Empire Affairs, an office akin to that of prime minister, in the so-called "ministry of majority" in 1840. He was later re-elected general deputy. He received the Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of the Cross for the services he performed during his life in
471:
Brazil's cause is the same as that of the constitutional monarchy, which alone can hold us to the edges of the abyss of revolutions that crazy innovators tend to plunge us into... The state of civilization and culture in Brazil, the habits and customs and even the prejudices of
Brazilians do not
441:
should be maintained, causing it to assume "a position contrary to European supremacy as defended by the Portuguese deputies in the Cortes, and, mainly, at the end of a government in America." Antônio Carlos then refused to sign the Portuguese constitution approved by the Cortes, and returned to
436:
The position that Antônio Carlos occupied in the Portuguese courts was in line with the interests of the elite, which he was a part of and for which constitutionalist ideologies should not weaken the fullness of the Luso-Brazilian Empire. For his position, it was believed that the unity that was
346:
Both Antônio Carlos and Martim Francisco returned to Brazil in 1800. Once in Brazil, Antônio Carlos dedicated himself to public positions, especially to careers as a judge, ombudsman, and appellate judge, that is, careers in the judiciary itself. He first became a judge in Santos, then became an
512:
Antônio Carlos was also the main editor of the draft bill of the Constitution presented to the other deputies. However, the constitutional process in which he participated was not successful, as it was not approved by emperor Pedro I, since it was considered too adjacent to liberal ideas. The
328:
created to bring together scholars from Portugal, who may or may not have been born in the metropolis, in order to promote the modernization of the Empire. Antônio Carlos belonged, like the majority, to the group of colonial illustrators of the Count of Linhares who defended the creation of a
401:
so that we receive insults and offenses as a gift! Do we not know better than anyone that slaves are not to be feared, that their number is insignificant compared to that of the free, and that the sweetness of domestic servitude among us has made our slaves friends rather than
293:, Antônio Carlos did not succeed in becoming a member of the institution. He and his other brother, Martim Francisco, would later join the Arco Cego Typography, created by the Overseas Minister in 1799. The typography had as its main associate the naturalist and friar
256:
Like other members of the colonial elite at the time, Antônio Carlos wanted to pursue a higher education. But taking into account that there were no university institutions in Brazil, he decided to travel to Portugal to then enroll and study at the
314:
Candid and impartial considerations on the nature of the sugar trade, and comparative importance of the British and French isles of the West Indies, in which value is established, and consequences of the islands of Santa Luzia, and
567:
265:". He left Brazil in search of higher education in 1790 to then enroll in courses in Law and Natural Philosophy. It would be there that he would also end up joining the educated elites of Portugal who were also studying.
478:
In the session of 5 May 1823, when the Constitution Commission was appointed, Antônio Carlos went on to elaborate, together with the other members, the Constitution Project. The commission was made up of
504:
497:
Article 15. The other religions, besides the Christian, are only tolerated, and only the domestic worship belongs to them; and their profession inhibits the exercise of political rights;
500:
Article. 16. The Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion is the Religion of the State, and the only one maintained by it; and it alone is responsible for external worship outside the Churches.
494:
Article 14. Each member of the Christian Communion may profess his or her religion in the room designated for that purpose. All who profess these communions can enjoy political rights;
180:
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relation to the Luso-Brazilian Empire that became the Empire of Brazil. His political life continued until 1845, when he died while in the position of Senator for Pernambuco.
262:
465:
Although always faithful to liberalism, Antônio Carlos became increasingly pragmatic and less doctrinaire, preferring to choose to recognize the limits of his adaptation:
85:
688:
480:
720:"Viagens, tremores e conchas: aspectos da natureza da América em escritos de José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, José Hipólito Unanúe e Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga"
227:, in addition to his extensive involvement and role during the first Constituent Assembly of 1823 that was tasked with drafting Brazil's first constitution.
835:
800:
Partidos políticos, poderes constitucionais e representação regional na 1.ª legislatura da assembleia geral do império do Brasil: Minas Gerais (1826-1829)
438:
869:
73:
325:
767:
490:
Andrada Machado spoke at several different sessions, proposing the amendment of three articles, which were all approved by the vast majority:
634:
377:
Antônio Carlos also had an openly slave-owning discourse and, in his speech, he stressed "soft" slavery in Brazil; while commenting on the
430:
525:
For his ideas to continue to advance, Antônio Carlos joined his brothers José Bonifácio and Martim Francisco to create the periodical
484:
936:
294:
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1833 he returned to Europe and only returned to Brazil in 1838, when he was elected general deputy in São Paulo from 1838 to 1842.
212:, he often used the pseudonym "Philagiosetero" in his newspaper articles. He adopted the parliamentary name of "Andrada Machado".
941:
568:"Journal of the General, Constituent, and Legislative Assembly of the Empire of Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) - 1823 - DocReader Web"
951:
269:
1750 and 1808, 3,882 of the bachelors applied for these positions, but only 2,165 passed. Among those who passed, 558 became
696:
285:
While his brother José Bonifácio, after finishing his higher studies at the University of Coimbra, became a member of the
635:"Naturalista e político: a trajetória de vida do ilustrado Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva (1790-1823)"
220:
538:
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where he would attend classes in philosophy, grammar and rhetoric as a preparatory education for higher education.
324:
The production and organization of the typography was part of the political and scientific reformist program that
843:
261:. His arrival in the metropolis coincided with "the period of opening to new ideas due to the initiatives of the
329:
Luso-Brazilian empire based in Brazil, its richest colony, to end the crisis that took place in the metropolis.
946:
216:
798:
689:"O conceito de cidadão nos debates da Assembleia Geral Constituinte e Legislativa do Império do Brasil - 1823"
384:
877:
870:"O protestantismo no Brasil: aspectos jurídicos, culturais e sociais de sua implantação – segunda parte"
775:
426:
286:
673:
223:, he was known for the scathingness of his speech against despotism and for his involvement in the
641:
487:, Manoel Ferreira da Câmara, José Ricardo da Costa Aguiar, in addition to Antônio Carlos himself.
310:
Proposals for Forming by Subscription in the Metropolis of the British Empire a Public Institution
355:. In 1811, he replaced the judge Miguel Antônio de Azevedo Veiga as Ombudsman of the São Paulo
209:
423:
Memories and Notes of the Provisional Government for the Deputies of the Province of São Paulo
660:
258:
198:
161:
442:
Brazil at the same time in which the process of Brazilian independence began to take place.
926:
921:
809:
768:"O Haiti não é aqui: discurso antiescravista e práticas escravistas no Brasil (1790-1840)"
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245:
117:
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8:
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30:
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204:
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the lack of good quality primary schools in Santos. After that, he moved to
289:, which was a liaison center for the reformist ideas of the government of
250:
425:(1821), a work to guide the deputies from São Paulo in their work at the
533:
During this time he led the movement that called for the declaration of
905:
Maçonaria, sociabilidade ilustrada e independência do Brasil, 1790-1822
462:, liberator and popular dictator in a quasi-Roman, Caesarist posture."
409:
156:
367:
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of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves to the
362:
In 1812, Antônio Carlos became a member of a Masonic lodge called
356:
348:
483:, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Francisco Moniz Tavares,
241:
Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva are quite nebulous.
352:
196:(1 November 1773 – 5 December 1845) was a Brazilian judge (
445:
421:
In 1821, his brother, José Bonifácio, prepared the text
408:
In 1815, Antônio Carlos ended up being transferred to
932:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Empire of Brazil)
341:
836:"Ideário dos fundadores do Império-nação brasileiro"
439:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
366:that was located in the parish of São Gonçalo, in
304:Among the works translated by Antônio Carlos are:
747:
194:Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada Machado e Silva
913:
326:Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, the Count of Linhares
450:After independence, the country changed from a
319:Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation
301:, by taking better advantage of its colonies.
874:Ciências da Religião - História e Sociedade
235:
277:. Antônio Carlos was one of these judges.
29:
907:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora UFJF.
868:Costa, Hermisten Maia Pereira da (2006).
808:
765:
738:
727:Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum
416:
503:
383:
42:Secretary of State of the Empire Affairs
796:
520:
280:
914:
902:
833:
753:
867:
810:10.11606/T.8.2011.tde-20102011-132411
803:(Thesis). Universidade de São Paulo.
717:
687:Gomes, Jônatas Roques Mendes (2017).
686:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
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616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
446:Role in the 1823 Constituent Assembly
53:24 July 1840 – 27 March 1841
863:
861:
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827:
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604:
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596:
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592:
590:
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508:Antônio Carlos, by Miguelzinho Dutra
388:Imprisonment of Antônio Carlos, by
336:
287:Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon
13:
632:
342:Legal career and Pernambuco revolt
14:
963:
903:Barata, Alexandre Mansur (2006).
858:
824:
759:
585:
208:) and politician. At the time of
23:Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada
431:transfer of the Portuguese court
295:José Mariano da Conceição Veloso
179:
151:Anna Josefina de Andrada e Silva
16:Brazilian politician (1773–1845)
896:
740:10.1590/S1981-81222010000200003
797:Rodarte, Claus Rommel (2011).
790:
718:Lopes, Maria Margaret (2010).
711:
680:
560:
1:
942:19th-century Brazilian judges
937:São Paulo (state) politicians
772:MÉTIS: História & cultura
548:
481:Antônio Luiz Pereira da Cunha
437:established on behalf of the
952:University of Coimbra alumni
766:Nishikawa, Reinaldo (2005).
553:
427:Constituent Courts of Lisbon
398:How ignorant they believe us
347:ombudsman and magistrate in
230:
7:
693:Revista Escrita da História
244:Antônio Carlos was born in
10:
968:
321:by Roberto Fulton (1800).
517:on account of this case.
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175:
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127:
100:
95:
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79:
67:
57:
46:
41:
37:
28:
21:
834:Chacon, Vamireh (1974).
633:Varela, Alex Gonçalves.
351:, as well as a judge in
236:Early life and education
74:Joaquim Rodrigues Torres
86:Cândido de Araújo Viana
668:Cite journal requires
509:
502:
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417:Brazilian independence
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392:
273:; 43 ombudsmen and 31
210:Brazilian Independence
947:Brazilian monarchists
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467:
394:
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259:University of Coimbra
162:University of Coimbra
521:Later life and death
485:Pedro de Araújo Lima
281:Arco Cego Typography
202:), appellate judge (
452:constituent kingdom
880:on 1 December 2017
846:on 1 December 2017
778:on 1 December 2017
699:on 1 December 2017
513:Assembly was then
510:
393:
379:Haitian Revolution
390:Antônio Parreiras
306:Cultura Americana
299:Portuguese Empire
263:Marquis of Pombal
225:Pernambuco Revolt
191:
190:
171:Politician; judge
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456:Empire of Brazil
372:John of Portugal
337:Return to Brazil
308:(1799- vol. 2);
221:Martim Francisco
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142:Empire of Brazil
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96:Personal details
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122:Colonial Brazil
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111:11 January 1773
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733:(2): 227–242.
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726:
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133:(1845-05-12)
81:Succeeded by
48:
927:1845 deaths
922:1773 births
754:Barata 2006
381:he stated:
131:12 May 1845
69:Preceded by
916:Categories
884:31 October
850:31 October
840:R. Ci. Pol
816:31 October
782:31 October
703:31 October
651:31 October
578:2022-10-11
549:References
410:Pernambuco
364:Distintiva
168:Occupation
157:Alma mater
107:1773-01-11
554:Citations
515:dissolved
433:in 1808.
251:São Paulo
231:Biography
176:Signature
118:São Paulo
49:In office
535:Pedro II
527:O Tamoyo
312:(1799);
62:Pedro II
460:Pedro I
402:enemies
368:Niterói
357:comarca
315:Grenada
291:Maria I
58:Monarch
574:. 1823
349:Olinda
246:Santos
148:Spouse
114:Santos
723:(PDF)
645:(PDF)
638:(PDF)
353:Bahia
886:2017
852:2017
818:2017
784:2017
705:2017
674:help
653:2017
219:and
128:Died
101:Born
805:doi
735:doi
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