248:
1658:
22:
385:
707:
675:. Department and Foreign Service series ; 161 Department of State publication ; 8900. Washington : Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
1626:
1191:
162:
which alludes to the Eye in the Arms, meant for the Eye of
Providence." In western art, God is traditionally represented by the Eye of Providence, which principally symbolizes God's
137:
1184:
243:
The pyramid signifies
Strength and Duration: The Eye over it & the Motto allude to the many signal interpositions of providence in favour of the American cause.
1177:
270:
as, "He has favored our undertakings" (brackets in original). However, the original Latin does not explicitly state who (or what) is the subject of the sentence.
277:
makes reference to God, examining the claim that the founders of the United States were deliberate to avoid references to God by choosing only secular mottos.
741:
1087:
1082:
1788:
1021:
1077:
366:
1757:
902:
1567:
894:
1158:
1011:
428:
1016:
1006:
1001:
937:
591:
1584:
1414:
1200:
985:
734:
1604:
659:
621:
471:
922:
1153:
362:
1107:
1092:
1037:
1052:
851:
128:, the standard translations are "Providence favors our undertakings" and "Providence has favored our undertakings."
1067:
975:
879:
836:
727:
178:, to bring a proposal for the national seal. For the reverse, Barton suggested a 13-layered pyramid underneath the
484:
1631:
1519:
1219:
980:
711:
576:
106:
26:
1386:
1102:
1062:
1042:
965:
1619:
1560:
1393:
970:
960:
955:
874:
433:
221:(a former Latin teacher) kept the pyramid and eye for the reverse side but replaced the two mottos, using
1614:
1498:
1491:
1435:
884:
864:
1609:
1512:
1234:
859:
247:
171:
140:
1752:
1463:
1428:
1214:
1138:
1057:
869:
1688:
1657:
1553:
1365:
932:
555:
551:
91:
1747:
927:
917:
608:
423:
273:
A 2024 publication in the
Associated Gospel Churches Journal explores the question as to whether
1526:
1470:
1456:
544:
515:
289:(meaning "He favours our undertakings") and the other motto on the reverse of the Great Seal,
1783:
1533:
1379:
907:
418:
259:
21:
1599:
1477:
1254:
1244:
1143:
947:
772:
762:
497:
390:
195:
8:
1644:
1340:
1132:
912:
400:
322:
291:
231:
1169:
841:
792:
777:
1421:
1400:
1309:
1285:
787:
719:
684:
676:
413:
325:
Almighty, favour bold undertakings", just before slaying an enemy warrior, Numanus.
199:
179:
155:
125:
1672:
1449:
1047:
817:
802:
670:
641:
239:. When he provided his official explanation of the meaning of this motto, he wrote:
40:
1594:
1576:
1484:
1333:
1327:
1148:
1118:
1112:
1097:
828:
797:
767:
407:
339:
295:(meaning "new order of the ages"), can both be traced to lines by the Roman poet
218:
454:
1721:
1704:
1442:
1407:
1299:
1269:
1249:
812:
807:
636:
97:
455:"Annuit Coeptis – Origin and Meaning of the Motto Above the Pyramid & Eye"
342:
and translates to "give an easy path and nod at our audacious undertakings."
109:. The literal translation is " favors (or "has favored") undertakings", from
1777:
1762:
1505:
1304:
267:
124:("commencement, undertaking"). Because of its context as a caption above the
1372:
1294:
1239:
688:
175:
167:
672:
The Eagle and the Shield: A History of the Great Seal of the United States
1729:
822:
782:
163:
1224:
1229:
1072:
263:
334:. In line I.40 of that work is the phrase "da facilem cursum atque
330:
314:
1545:
328:
The same language also occurred in an earlier poem of Virgil, the
186:("with God's favor", or more literally, "with God favoring") and
680:
706:
318:
305:
296:
52:
182:. The mottos which Barton chose to accompany the design were
136:
110:
102:
605:
The Oxford
Handbook of Church and State in the United States
1259:
205:
69:
16:
Motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States
285:
According to
Richard S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall,
1264:
1199:
78:
55:
46:
669:
Patterson, Richard Sharpe; Dougall, Richardson (1978) .
749:
81:
66:
49:
498:"Third Committee's Design for the Great Seal – 1782"
380:
217:
When designing the final version of the Great Seal,
75:
72:
58:
63:
43:
523:U.S. Department of State Bureau of Public Affairs
1775:
668:
280:
154:Barton explained that the motto alluded to the
1627:Dunlap broadside, Declaration of Independence
1561:
1185:
735:
311:Iuppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis
119:
113:
1758:Seal of the president of the United States
1600:Secretary, Continental Congress, 1774-1789
1568:
1554:
1192:
1178:
742:
728:
246:
135:
20:
664:(Spring 2024) Volume 4, No. 1, p. 13ff.
626:(Spring 2024) Volume 4, No. 1, p. 13ff.
429:List of U.S. state and territory mottos
1776:
1789:National symbols of the United States
1549:
1201:National symbols of the United States
1173:
723:
545:"The Great Seal of the United States"
516:"The Great Seal of the United States"
96:
1605:Journals of the Continental Congress
317:, the son of the hero of the story,
131:
1575:
1154:Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee
13:
1415:America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)
1093:Counterfeit United States currency
750:United States currency and coinage
652:
472:Papers of the Continental Congress
309:, book IX, line 635, which reads,
14:
1800:
1673:Secretary, Treaty of Easton, 1758
699:
190:("Everlasting"). The pyramid and
1656:
837:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
705:
383:
39:
1632:Great Seal of the United States
1520:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
630:
614:
597:
107:Great Seal of the United States
27:Great Seal of the United States
1595:Sons of Liberty (Philadelphia)
1387:Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean
1288:Liberty Enlightening the World
1159:Promotional fake denominations
1103:National Numismatic Collection
1043:Black Eagle Silver Certificate
903:America the Beautiful (silver)
584:
570:
537:
508:
490:
477:
465:
447:
355:
1:
1394:The Stars and Stripes Forever
440:
281:Classical source of the motto
434:United States national motto
338:." The line is addressed to
118:("I approve, I favor"), and
98:[ˈannʊ.ɪtˈkoe̯ptiːs]
7:
1689:Thomson's Bible translation
1615:Second Continental Congress
1499:Battle Hymn of the Republic
1436:The Army Goes Rolling Along
658:Gardiner, Richard. (2024).
620:Gardiner, Richard. (2024).
483:MacArthur, John D. (2011).
376:
194:motto had come from a $ 50
170:appointed a design artist,
105:on the reverse side of the
10:
1805:
1610:First Continental Congress
995:Discontinued denominations
474:, item 23, folios 137–139.
365:, and the pyramid portion
1753:Articles of Confederation
1740:
1713:
1697:
1681:
1665:
1654:
1583:
1492:The Washington Post March
1429:Lift Every Voice and Sing
1357:
1320:
1278:
1207:
1030:
994:
946:
893:
850:
755:
592:"Portraits & Designs"
251:Reverse monochrome detail
1366:The Star-Spangled Banner
933:American Palladium Eagle
556:Bureau of Public Affairs
552:U.S. Department of State
348:
321:, which translates to, "
25:The reverse side of the
1748:Continental Association
1513:You're a Grand Old Flag
1068:Continental dollar coin
938:American Liberty (gold)
928:American Platinum Eagle
918:American Buffalo (gold)
645:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
637:Vergilius Maro, Publius
609:Oxford University Press
594:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
487:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
424:List of national mottos
1620:Confederation Congress
1527:This Land Is Your Land
1088:Canceled denominations
1083:Obsolete denominations
768:Federal Reserve System
590:U.S. Treasury (2010).
525:. July 2003. p. 5
336:audacibus annue cœptis
252:
245:
151:
120:
114:
29:
1534:Battle Cry of Freedom
1485:National Emblem March
1380:America the Beautiful
1063:Continental banknotes
908:American Silver Eagle
577:Bureau of Engraving,
419:List of Latin phrases
361:The note can be seen
260:U.S. State Department
258:is translated by the
250:
241:
139:
24:
1255:Pledge of Allegiance
1245:General Grant (tree)
1144:Replacement banknote
1038:Bicentennial coinage
773:Federal Reserve Note
716:at Wikimedia Commons
391:United States portal
313:. It is a prayer by
196:Continental currency
1645:Novus ordo seclorum
1341:Novus ordo seclorum
1286:Statue of Liberty (
1133:Novus ordo seclorum
1078:Large denominations
948:Current paper money
923:First Spouse (gold)
913:American Gold Eagle
401:Novus ordo seclorum
292:Novus ordo seclorum
232:Novus ordo seclorum
1464:The Air Force Song
1058:Confederate dollar
842:Mutilated currency
660:"Annuit Coeptis,"
622:"Annuit Coeptis,"
253:
152:
30:
1771:
1770:
1543:
1542:
1422:God Bless America
1401:Hail to the Chief
1310:West Potomac Park
1167:
1166:
880:Half dollar (50¢)
710:Media related to
485:"Third Committee"
414:Eye of Providence
200:Francis Hopkinson
198:bill designed by
180:Eye of Providence
156:Eye of Providence
132:On the Great Seal
126:Eye of Providence
1796:
1660:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1048:Brasher Doubloon
744:
737:
730:
721:
720:
709:
692:
646:
634:
628:
618:
612:
601:
595:
588:
582:
574:
568:
567:
565:
563:
549:
541:
535:
534:
532:
530:
520:
512:
506:
505:
494:
488:
481:
475:
469:
463:
462:
451:
393:
388:
387:
386:
370:
359:
141:William Barton's
123:
117:
101:) is one of two
100:
95:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
45:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1736:
1709:
1693:
1677:
1661:
1652:
1586:
1585:Founding of the
1579:
1577:Charles Thomson
1574:
1544:
1539:
1353:
1334:E pluribus unum
1328:In God We Trust
1316:
1274:
1203:
1198:
1168:
1163:
1149:Sales tax token
1119:E pluribus unum
1113:In God We Trust
1108:Coin production
1026:
990:
942:
895:Bullion coinage
889:
852:Current coinage
846:
829:The Dalles Mint
751:
748:
702:
696:
655:
653:Further reading
650:
649:
635:
631:
619:
615:
602:
598:
589:
585:
575:
571:
561:
559:
547:
543:
542:
538:
528:
526:
518:
514:
513:
509:
496:
495:
491:
482:
478:
470:
466:
453:
452:
448:
443:
438:
408:E pluribus unum
389:
384:
382:
379:
374:
373:
360:
356:
351:
345:
340:Caesar Augustus
303:comes from the
283:
219:Charles Thomson
215:
134:
92:Classical Latin
90:
62:
42:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1725:(1969 musical)
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1705:Harriton House
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1471:Semper Paratus
1467:
1460:
1457:Semper Fidelis
1453:
1446:
1443:Anchors Aweigh
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1408:Hail, Columbia
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1300:Mount Rushmore
1297:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:American Creed
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1053:Commemoratives
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
897:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
775:
770:
765:
759:
757:
753:
752:
747:
746:
739:
732:
724:
718:
717:
713:Annuit coeptis
701:
700:External links
698:
694:
693:
666:
654:
651:
648:
647:
629:
613:
596:
583:
579:Currency Notes
569:
536:
507:
489:
476:
464:
445:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
404:
396:
395:
394:
378:
375:
372:
371:
353:
352:
350:
347:
282:
279:
275:Annuit Coeptis
214:
204:
172:William Barton
133:
130:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1801:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1763:Syng inkstand
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1638:Annuit cœptis
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1587:United States
1582:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:Yankee Doodle
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:Marines' Hymn
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1348:Annuit cœptis
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:National Mall
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:Annuit cœptis
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
949:
945:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:Quarter (25¢)
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
830:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:San Francisco
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
758:
754:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
725:
722:
715:
714:
708:
704:
703:
697:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
667:
665:
663:
657:
656:
644:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
617:
610:
606:
600:
593:
587:
581:
580:
573:
557:
553:
546:
540:
524:
517:
511:
503:
502:greatseal.com
499:
493:
486:
480:
473:
468:
460:
459:greatseal.com
456:
450:
446:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:
405:
403:
402:
398:
397:
392:
381:
368:
364:
358:
354:
346:
343:
341:
337:
333:
332:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
301:Annuit cœptis
298:
294:
293:
288:
287:Annuit cœptis
278:
276:
271:
269:
268:U.S. Treasury
265:
261:
257:
256:Annuit Cœptis
249:
244:
240:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:Annuit Cœptis
220:
213:
212:Annuit Cœptis
209:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
150:
146:
142:
138:
129:
127:
122:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
93:
86:
36:
35:
34:Annuit cœptis
28:
23:
19:
1784:Latin mottos
1728:
1720:
1666:Other events
1643:
1637:
1636:
1478:Semper Supra
1347:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1295:Liberty Bell
1287:
1240:Phrygian cap
1131:
1125:
1124:
1117:
885:Dollar ($ 1)
827:
788:Philadelphia
712:
695:
671:
661:
640:
639:(29–19 BC).
632:
623:
616:
607:. New York:
604:
599:
586:
578:
572:
562:November 25,
560:. Retrieved
539:
527:. Retrieved
522:
510:
501:
492:
479:
467:
458:
449:
406:
399:
357:
344:
335:
329:
327:
310:
304:
300:
290:
286:
284:
274:
272:
255:
254:
242:
236:
230:
226:
222:
216:
211:
207:
206:Change from
191:
187:
183:
176:Philadelphia
168:Samuel Adams
159:
153:
148:
144:
143:design with
33:
32:
31:
18:
1733:(1972 film)
865:Nickel (5¢)
823:Manila Mint
818:New Orleans
803:Carson City
763:U.S. dollar
662:AGC Journal
624:AGC Journal
235:instead of
227:Deo Favente
225:instead of
208:Deo Favente
184:Deo Favente
166:. In 1782,
164:omniscience
160:Deo favente
145:Deo Favente
1778:Categories
1714:Portrayals
1225:Bald eagle
1220:Great Seal
870:Dime (10¢)
860:Penny (1¢)
798:West Point
441:References
266:, and the
1279:Landmarks
1230:Uncle Sam
1139:Nicknames
1073:Funnyback
1022:$ 100,000
813:Dahlonega
808:Charlotte
778:U.S. Mint
529:August 7,
264:U.S. Mint
1682:Writings
1235:Columbia
1017:$ 10,000
681:78602518
377:See also
331:Georgics
315:Ascanius
237:Perennis
192:Perennis
188:Perennis
149:Perennis
1741:Related
1208:Symbols
1031:Related
1012:$ 5,000
1007:$ 1,000
689:4268298
611:, 2010]
323:Jupiter
121:coeptum
1321:Mottos
783:Denver
756:Topics
687:
679:
642:Aeneid
558:. 2003
319:Aeneas
306:Aeneid
297:Virgil
262:, the
103:mottos
1373:Dixie
1358:Songs
1270:Bison
1002:$ 500
986:$ 100
548:(PDF)
519:(PDF)
349:Notes
115:annuo
111:Latin
1730:1776
1722:1776
1698:Home
1260:Rose
1215:Flag
1098:Mill
981:$ 50
976:$ 20
971:$ 10
685:OCLC
677:LCCN
564:2011
531:2024
367:here
363:here
229:and
147:and
1265:Oak
966:$ 5
961:$ 2
956:$ 1
603:In
210:to
174:of
158:: "
1780::
683:.
554:,
550:.
521:.
500:.
457:.
299:.
202:.
89:,
1569:e
1562:t
1555:v
1536:"
1532:"
1529:"
1525:"
1522:"
1518:"
1515:"
1511:"
1508:"
1504:"
1501:"
1497:"
1494:"
1490:"
1487:"
1483:"
1480:"
1476:"
1473:"
1469:"
1466:"
1462:"
1459:"
1455:"
1452:"
1448:"
1445:"
1441:"
1438:"
1434:"
1431:"
1427:"
1424:"
1420:"
1417:"
1413:"
1410:"
1406:"
1403:"
1399:"
1396:"
1392:"
1389:"
1385:"
1382:"
1378:"
1375:"
1371:"
1368:"
1364:"
1290:)
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
743:e
736:t
729:v
691:.
566:.
533:.
504:.
461:.
369:.
94::
85:/
82:s
79:ɪ
76:t
73:p
70:ɛ
67:s
64:ˈ
59:t
56:ɪ
53:u
50:n
47:æ
44:ˈ
41:/
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.png)