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615:. A more sympathetic viewpoint would attribute some of the troubles in her first marriage to her husband's extravagance and his infidelities. Her first husband was a prominent figure at court. Her disagreement with her husband over her inheritance claims proved another source of difficulty within their marriage. Lord Dorset believed she should settle the inheritance case rather than pursue it. A central conflict with her second husband lay in her decision to allow her younger daughter to make her own choice of husband.
803:
643:, and Lady Ruthin were her contacts in the queen's household. Ruthin took Anne Clifford's letters and gifts to Anne of Denmark, including a white satin gown embroidered with pearls and coloured silks. The pearls and embroidery cost Clifford £80 over the cost of the satin fabric. Clifford was admitted to the queen's bedchamber where she was able to talk to King James.
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Her parents' marriage was soured by the deaths of Anne's two elder brothers before the ages of 5 and her parents lived apart for most of her childhood. The strain of the marriage was seen in the public realm as well, especially after the separation. Her father maintained an important position at the
726:
Anne sent a miniature portrait of herself to her mother the
Countess of Cumberland in June 1615, writing, "I have sent you my picture done in little, which some says is very like me, and others say it does me rather wrong than flatters me, I know you will accept the shadow of her whose substance is
816:
After inheriting her father's estates in
Westmorland, when the remaining male heirs (her uncle and his son) died out, Lady Anne thus became a wealthy landowner. She was heavily involved with her tenants to the point of filing lawsuits against them and actively pursuing rents and debts owed to her.
276:, Cumbria. It depicts Anne as a girl at left and as a mature woman at right. The central panel shows her parents and young brothers. The painting is replete with significant elements referring to her life and to her succession to her paternal inheritance, gained after a lengthy legal dispute.
711:, it portrays Lady Anne at three points in her life: at age 56 (right), at age 15 (left), and before birth in her mother's womb (centre). In connection with the painting, Anne Clifford dated her own conception at 1 May 1589, an unusual act of precision. The painting can now be seen in the
817:
This was to be the demeanour of her power in later life, that of a direct landowner calling upon the traditions of the baronial class. After moving north, she rotated her residence amongst her castles, living in various ones for several months to a year at a time. She died aged 86 at
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Clifford sent Lady Ruthin an expensive ruffled satin skirt with £100 worth of embroidery to present to Anne of
Denmark. For a New Year's Day gift in January 1619, she sent Anne of Denmark a cloth of silver cushion embroidered with the Danish royal arms and embellished with stripes or
568:
to influence the
Countess of Cumberland for the match with "that virtuous young lady the Lady Anne". The old Earl of Dorset had to counter rumours against his family honour that he trumped negotiations for her hand from the heir to the
743:, in memory of her late mother. This was the site of her last meeting with her mother in 1616. On the low stone beside it, money was given to the poor on the anniversary of their parting. This is commemorated annually on 2 April.
455:(1559–1641), to whom he had willed his estates. He had bequeathed to Anne the sum of £15,000. In her young adulthood, she engaged in a long and complex legal battle to obtain the family estates, which had been granted by King
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survives. It records the names and roles of servants. It includes two
African servants, Grace Robinson, a maid in the laundry, and John Morockoe, who worked in the kitchen. Both are described as "Blackamoors".
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come from yourself. I hope you will requite me with the same kindness and let me have yours when either you come up to London, or when so ever any that draw pictures comes into those parts where now you are."
359:, while her mother received no recognition in regard to her husband at court. As her parents were separated, her mother maintained a matriarchal position in her house, for the family was kept under her care.
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821:, in the room in which her father had been born and her mother had died. At her death she was the Dowager Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery. Her tomb and monument is in
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She was an important patron of literature and due to her own writings in the form of letters and the diary she kept from 1603 to 1616, was a literary figure in her own right.
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474:, encouraged Anne Clifford to pursue her claim and not accept a settlement promoted by King James. It was not until the death in 1643 without a male heir of
303:. She was a patron of literature and as evidenced by her diary and many letters was a literary personage in her own right. She held the hereditary office of
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Both marriages were reportedly difficult; contemporaries cited Lady Anne's unyielding personality as a cause, whilst her cousin
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Lady Anne frequently went to London and the court, in
November 1617, wearing a "green damask gown embroidered, without a
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521:
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1102:
Hodgkin, Katharine (1985). "The Diary of Lady Anne
Clifford: A Study of Class and Gender in the Seventeenth Century".
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289:(30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676) was an English peeress. In 1605 she inherited her father's ancient barony by
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Lady Anne
Clifford records in the Hothfield of Appleby Castle collection at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal
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Lady Anne
Clifford Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery 1590–1676: Her Life, Letters, and Work
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Anne
Clifford never became a lady in waiting or lady of the queen's privy chamber, but she danced in
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measuring 8ft 5" high and 16ft 2" wide, commissioned in 1646 by Anne Clifford, attributed to
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Antoinina Bevan Zlatar, 'Reading Anne Clifford's Books in the Company of Samuel Daniel',
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A list or catalogue of the household and family of the Earl and Countess of Dorset at
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Autobiography and Gender in Early Modern Literature: Reading Women's Lives 1600–1680
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A Jacobean Company and its Playhouse: The Queen's Servants at the Red Bull Theatre
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A Jacobean Company and its Playhouse: The Queen's Servants at the Red Bull Theatre
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Anne Clifford was brought up in an almost entirely female household—evoked in
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Effie Botonaki, "Anne of Denmark and the Court Masque", Debra Barret-Graves,
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Ancient Monuments and Their Interpretation: Essays Presented to A. J. Taylor
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portrait of Anne Clifford to her own design and specifications. Titled
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Her main argument was that she was just 15 years old at the time.
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Women, Reading, and the Cultural Politics of Early Modern England
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arranged the marriage, writing in April 1607 to ask the courtier
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Lady Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery,
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Geograph Photograph and description of Lady Anne Clifford's tomb
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Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery
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Pins and Needles: Women's Textualities in Early Modern England
370:—and received an excellent education from her tutor, the poet
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On the death of her father on 30 October 1605, she succeeded
848:, theguardian.com, 3 October 2013; Retrieved 24 March 2014.
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in 1299, but her father's earldom passed (according to the
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504:, and took roles in several of the early court masques by
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said of her that she could "discourse of all things from
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Lady Anne married twice. Firstly, on 27 February 1609 to
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supported her rival's claim. In January 1617, the queen,
581:(1609–1664), by whom she had eleven children. The title
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The title page of a 1923 edition of Clifford's diaries.
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Lady Anne (in black) depicted with her second Husband,
331:. She was the only surviving child and sole heiress of
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Clifford, Lady Anne (2009). Clifford, D. J. H. (ed.).
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The History and Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven
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Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676
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Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676
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Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676
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Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676
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Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590-1676
1453:"Archival material relating to Lady Anne Clifford"
659:. Clifford last saw King James in January 1620 at
1351:Proud Northern Lady: Lady Anne Clifford 1590-1676
1251:HMC 11th Report Appendix Part VII: Lord Hothfield
588:Lady Isabella Sackville (1622–1661), who married
577:Lady Margaret Sackville (1614–1676), who married
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1342:Women's Writing in English: Early Modern England
319:, and was baptised the following 22 February in
1214:(Manchester, 2018), pp. 42 and 54: Susan Frye,
1266:"Lady Anne Clifford's story, Historic England"
670:News from the New World Discovered in the Moon
626:
405:. In June, she rode north to Coventry to meet
1381:(2nd ed.). East Ardley: S.R. Publishers.
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809:of Margaret Clifford, Lady Anne's mother, in
1401:, Chichester: Phillimore & Co, pp.
596:Secondly, in 1630, Anne married the wealthy
307:which role she exercised from 1653 to 1676.
1427:Anne Clifford: A Life in Portrait and Print
1197:(Manchester, 2018), 72: D. J. H. Clifford,
905:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
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876:. Gloucestershire: Alan Sutton Publishing.
393:In May 1603, Anne Clifford was staying at
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1212:Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings
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958:Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writings
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315:Lady Anne was born on 30 January 1590 in
220:Isabella Compton, Countess of Northampton
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973:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), pp. 148–150.
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453:Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland
382:and wired rebato collar. She played the
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1344:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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333:George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
232:George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
202: 1630; died 1650)
177: 1609; died 1624)
80:George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
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960:(Manchester, 2018), pp. 7, 17, 20, 22.
590:James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton
476:Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland
447:of its creation) as was usual, to the
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1335:. Gloucestershire: The History Press.
1143:The Art of Dress, Clothes and Society
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554:Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset
490:with Anne of Denmark. She played the
163:Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset
1447:"A walk through Mallerstang, Cumbria
1395:"The Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676)"
538:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke
397:manor and went to see the new king,
349:Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
343:and of Skipton Castle, by his wife,
188:Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke
1305:English Heritage Lady Anne Clifford
1078:If I lose Mine Honour I Lose Myself
609:Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford
217:Margaret Tufton, Countess of Thanet
90:Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet
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1552:17th-century women philanthropists
1532:17th-century English women writers
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1361:Famous Ladies of the English Court
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522:Anne of Denmark's progress to Bath
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1333:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
1282:. Castle Explorer. Archived from
1199:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
1169:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
1156:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
1145:(National Trust, 1996), pp. 63-4.
1130:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
986:(Manchester, 2018), pp. 48, 234:
874:The Diaries of Lady Anne Clifford
730:
676:
520:(1609). In April 1613 she joined
378:between 1600 to 1602 mention her
264:(1610–1653), formerly hanging in
54:National Portrait Gallery, London
1218:(Philadelphia, 2010), pp. 123-4.
1055:, vol. 2 (London, 1828), p. 628.
902:Dictionary of National Biography
48:Lady Anne Clifford, portrait by
1359:Richardson, Jerusha D. (1899).
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461:absolute cognatic primogeniture
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1053:Progresses of James the First
920:. Cambridge University Press.
811:St Lawrence's Church, Appleby
641:Jane Drummond, Lady Roxburghe
451:, namely his younger brother
134:St Lawrence's Church, Appleby
1567:High sheriffs of Westmorland
1547:17th-century philanthropists
1437:(University of Huddersfield)
667:. The show was Ben Jonson's
7:
1377:Williamson, George (1967).
1340:Demers, Patrica A. (2005).
1231:(Manchester, 2018), p. 229.
1158:(Stroud, 1990), 45, 47, 55.
1029:(Manchester, 2018), p. 100.
947:(London, 1805), pp. 279–80.
872:Clifford, D.H, ed. (1990).
627:Maintaining favour at court
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305:High Sheriff of Westmorland
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1587:Daughters of British earls
1132:(Stroud, 1990), pp. 274-6.
1042:(Cambridge, 2013), p. 129.
1016:(Manchester, 2018), p. 21.
994:(Cambridge, 2013), p. 129.
604:had died the year before.
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735:In 1656 she erected the
329:West Riding of Yorkshire
1393:Charlton, John (1977),
1349:Holmes, Martin (1975).
1171:(Stroud, 1990), 57, 64.
1080:(Toronto, 2017), p 106.
1067:(London, 1879), p. 668.
558:Sackville's grandfather
368:Description of Cookeham
1597:British women diarists
1557:Hereditary women peers
1355:(reprinted many times)
1353:. Phillimore & Co.
1201:(Stroud, 1990), p. 66.
1167:David J. H. Clifford,
1154:David J. H. Clifford,
1076:Courtney Erin Thomas,
896:"Clifford, Anne"
827:Appleby-in-Westmorland
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748:Appleby-in-Westmorland
713:Abbot Hall Art Gallery
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663:after a masque in the
611:, compared her to the
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528:Marriages and children
439:, a barony created by
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270:Abbot Hall Art Gallery
1572:Patrons of literature
1368:Snook, Edith (2005).
1253:(London, 1888), p. 83
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435:to the ancient title
411:coronation on 25 July
345:Lady Margaret Russell
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242:Lady Margaret Russell
1494:Baroness de Clifford
1457:UK National Archives
1116:10.1093/hwj/19.1.148
971:The Emblematic Queen
823:St Lawrence's Church
798:Later life and death
517:The Masque of Queens
511:The Masque of Beauty
437:Baroness de Clifford
301:Baroness de Clifford
1441:"The Great Picture"
1286:on 24 December 2007
1128:D. J. H. Clifford,
1089:Richardson, p. 117.
934:, 32 (2020), p. 38.
421:of events of 1603.
321:Holy Trinity Church
1602:Barons de Clifford
1562:English countesses
1478:Peerage of England
1372:. London: Ashgate.
1227:Jessica L. Malay,
1210:Jessica L. Malay,
1193:Jessica L. Malay,
1180:Jessica L. Malay,
1025:Jessica L. Malay,
1012:Jessica L. Malay,
982:Jessica L. Malay,
956:Jessica L. Malay,
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602:Lady Susan de Vere
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459:(1307–1327) under
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770:in Yorkshire and
741:Brougham, Cumbria
709:The Great Picture
583:Baron de Clifford
501:Tethys's Festival
254:The Great Picture
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121:22 March 1676
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18:Anne Clifford
1492:
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1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
1274:
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859:"Abbot Hall"
853:
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815:
766:, including
745:
734:
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708:
699:
688:
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657:Irish stitch
645:
630:
617:
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595:
592:(1622–1681).
551:
546:Wilton House
515:
509:
508:, including
499:
491:
485:
468:King James I
465:
430:
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367:
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282:
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253:
141:Noble family
123:(1676-03-22)
29:
1527:1676 deaths
1522:1590 births
1363:. H. Stone.
1240:Snook, p. 1
1110:: 148–161.
807:Tomb effigy
788:Westmorland
760:Mallerstang
653:tent stitch
637:Lady Ruthin
635:". and met
633:farthingale
613:River Rhone
562:George More
514:(1608) and
425:Inheritance
380:farthingale
357:Elizabeth I
341:Westmorland
311:Early years
293:and became
76:Predecessor
1516:Categories
1498:1605–1676
1325:References
1290:1 December
932:Aufklärung
691:John Donne
556:(d.1624).
506:Ben Jonson
498:'s masque
786:, all in
752:Ninekirks
457:Edward II
449:heir male
403:Theobalds
384:virginals
355:court of
256:, a huge
152:Spouse(s)
112:, England
86:Successor
71:1605–1676
1431:Archived
756:Brougham
705:triptych
542:Van Dyck
482:At court
432:suo jure
296:suo jure
284:suo jure
258:triptych
146:Clifford
1403:303–314
846:Profile
792:Cumbria
764:England
721:Cumbria
566:Loseley
488:masques
395:Northaw
376:Chenies
327:in the
325:Skipton
204:
196:
192:
179:
171:
167:
1409:
717:Kendal
445:patent
419:Memoir
415:plague
388:masque
274:Kendal
238:Mother
228:Father
130:Buried
833:Notes
790:(now
739:near
649:slips
620:Knole
401:, at
299:14th
211:Issue
198:(
194:
173:(
169:
97:
68:Reign
1407:ISBN
1292:2007
782:and
758:and
441:writ
291:writ
118:Died
103:Born
1112:doi
794:).
715:in
651:of
564:of
544:. (
494:in
366:'s
339:in
323:in
272:in
1518::
1455:.
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1397:,
1108:19
1106:.
1094:^
990:,
899:.
882:^
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825:,
778:,
774:,
754:,
750:,
723:.
719:,
673:.
639:.
524:.
351:.
200:m.
175:m.
52:,
1459:.
1294:.
1268:.
1118:.
1114::
861:.
548:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
