808:
710:
832:
48:
394:
598:
645:
271:
844:
820:
525:, a title curiously unsuitable to the courtier, gambler, and buccaneer, in all of which guises history presents him. His love of adventure was strong, and he staked his money on the success of his cruises in much the same spirit that he did on the speed of his horses or the turn of his dice. And he spared his body no more than his purse. His courage was unimpeachable, and the temper which he showed in times of difficulty, won him both credit and popularity. All the great wealth he gained from his
741:, a book of designs for 29 different armours for various Elizabethan gentlemen. Clifford's armour, being part of a garniture, includes many pieces of exchange, including a grandguard, an extra helmet, a shaffron, and several lance guards. These extra pieces allowed the wearer to modify his armour for different forms of tournament combat.
628:. It depicts Lady Anne as a girl, on the left, and as a mature woman, on the right. The central panel shows her parents and her small brothers. The painting is replete with significant elements, referring to her life and to her succession to her paternal inheritance, gained after a lengthy legal dispute, only settled in 1617. The
1819:
Neither George
Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, other members of the Cliffords of Cumberland branch, nor any of the earl's offspring, are known progenitors of the early New England settlers of the same surname. Much genealogical confusion has occurred due to the frequent repetition of first names
384:
George
Clifford was described as a man of great personal beauty, strong and active, accomplished in all knightly exercises, splendid in his dress, and of romantic valour. On the other hand, he was a gambler and a spendthrift, a faithless husband, and later, for several years before his death, was
594:, who also inherited the earldom, which by the letters patent of its creation was precluded from passing to a female, as was usual. After lengthy litigation, Clifford's daughter Anne won much of the land, including Brougham and Appleby castles.
793:, the "Earl of Cumberland" discovers Orlando and his lover asleep amongst his cargo and believes them to be ghosts sent to punish him for buccaneering. In his terror, the Earl vows to mend his ways and, in repentance, founds a row of
445:
Clifford was a man of irregular life, and having run through a great part of his very handsome property, seized on the opportunity offered by the war with Spain to re-establish himself. In 1588, he commanded the galleon
619:
group portrait, measuring 8 ft 5" high and 16 ft 2" wide, commissioned in 1646 by Lady Anne
Clifford, attributed to Jan van Belcamp (1610–1653). It formerly hung in Appleby Castle and is now displayed at the
1240:
545:
and
Margaret St John. Earl Russell had acquired his valuable wardship, as well as the right to marry George off to whomsoever he chose. By his wife Margaret, George had the following children:
421:, around 1590, commemorates the appointment, showing him in tilting attire with the Queen's glove, set in diamonds, pinned as a plume to his hat as a sign of her favour. The Queen made him a
807:
575:
Clifford's two sons, Robert and
Francis, had both died young, before the age of 5, thus his only surviving child and daughter Anne became his sole heiress. She inherited the title
2298:
262:), reflect this important part of his life. In contrast, he neglected his estates in the far north of England and left a long succession dispute between his heirs.
797:. Although not explicitly stated, the Earl referred to must be the 3rd Earl, due to the relevant action in the novel occurring shortly after the death of
2025:
Upper
Wharfedale, being a complete account of the history, antiquities and scenery of the picturesque valley of the Wharfe, from Otley to Langstrothdale
831:
701:), impaling the arms of Russell as well as the wives of Clifford's paternal predecessors: Beauchamp, de Roos, Percy, Dacre, Berkeley, Neville, etc.
514:. Clifford and his force of men had arrived in Puerto Rico on 15 June 1598, but by November of that year had fled the island due to severe bouts of
709:
605:
555:
186:
2268:
1992:
2243:
670:, Yorkshire, his family seat, where a black marble altar tomb to his memory was erected by his daughter, Lady Anne Clifford. Also, his
357:(1560–1616). The marriage had been arranged in their infancy by their respective fathers, which later did not prove to be a happy one.
538:
365:
Life at court meant that George spent an increasing amount of time in southern
England, away from his family's estates. As a result,
354:
176:
463:
He led and invested in a number of expeditions, but many were turned back due to storms or lack of prizes. His first success was an
2273:
2215:
2191:
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843:
591:
82:
2258:
1152:
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2174:
2126:
1086:
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487:
in the Azores. At the end of 1593, Clifford financed three ships for a further expedition to the Azores, which resulted in the
294:
199:
72:
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1732:
1618:
568:
1764:
1706:
894:
542:
346:
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2083:
453:
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30:
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819:
448:
47:
2253:
2142:
1444:
298:
1986:
2133:
1389:
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652:
369:, one of his properties in the north, was neglected and abandoned. Although in 1589, he built the original
1857:
2303:
2263:
608:
as a girl at left and as a mature woman at right. The central panel shows her parents and young brothers.
468:
757:
714:
259:
2007:
506:
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309:
597:
2288:
738:
690:
374:
251:
2029:
767:
The design of the New York armour is very different to the one he wears in the famous full-length
549:
Robert
Clifford (21 September 1585 – 24 May 1591), died young before the age of 5.
476:
393:
529:, he lost in jousting and horse racing, and was eventually obliged to sell his inherited lands.
621:
484:
231:
748:
and is etched and inlaid with elaborate gilded designs, incorporating columns of alternating
734:
683:
567:(30 January 1590 – 22 March 1676), his daughter and sole heiress, and wife of
511:
464:
410:
226:(8 August 1558 – 30 October 1605), was an English peer, naval commander, and
2238:
2233:
1928:
789:
659:
632:
postponed the hearing of the matter of the barony, which remained dormant until 1678, when
430:
422:
377:. George's fellow courtier commented on his northern upbringing, writing to the steward of
350:
129:
644:
8:
2092:
Summerson, Henry; Trueman, Michael; Harrison, Stuart (1998), "Brougham Castle, Cumbria",
761:
726:
552:
Francis
Clifford (1584 – 8 December 1589), died young before the age of 5.
406:
2023:
381:, that he disliked Clifford as "the rudest Earll by reson of his northerly bringen up".
2181:
2165:
1969:
768:
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243:
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1856:
756:, with the letter E for Queen Elizabeth I. It is on display in the Armor Court at the
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1985:
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590:
15,000. The vast majority of his estate, however, Clifford bequeathed to his brother
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247:
92:
53:
721:
George
Clifford's tournament armour survives and is considered the finest surviving
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730:
255:
2094:
Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Research Series
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488:
366:
313:
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274:
158:
107:
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745:
694:
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636:, was allowed to claim the peerage and become the fifteenth Baron de Clifford.
629:
587:
472:
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162:
154:
133:
722:
467:, taking a number of Portuguese and Spanish prizes. He suffered losses in the
2227:
1981:
749:
480:
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2037:
698:
456:, during which he had had some success. His portrait was included in the
338:
321:
316:
in Herefordshire, had established themselves in the late 13th century at
290:
242:, which were highlights of the year at court. Two famous survivals, his
111:
2096:(8), Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society,
1996:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 620.
1829:
794:
753:
671:
648:
729:, Clifford's armour has been unrivalled in beauty. It was made at the
586:
in 1299 to be able to descend in the female line. She also inherited
526:
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494:
Clifford later commissioned the building of his own ship, the 38-gun
679:
662:
in London. His body was embalmed and buried in the family vault at
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402:
342:
235:
227:
658:
George Clifford died on 30 October 1605 at the duchy house of the
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144:
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297:(d. January 1570) by his second wife, Anne Dacre, daughter of
471:
in 1591, and in 1592 he helped to prepare an expedition with
397:
Quartered arms of Sir George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
353:(died 1585), who in 1577, married George off to his daughter
532:
583:
491:
between the English and a joint Iberian/Portuguese fleet.
2049:
2047:
678:, adjacent to the castle. It is profusely decorated with
2091:
1914:
1902:
1820:
amongst the various branches of the House of Clifford.
479:, and the capture of the richly laden Portuguese ship,
2044:
2022:
Speight, Harry (1900). "XLV; In wild Langstrothdale".
504:
in 1598, he achieved fame for having briefly captured
433:. Clifford was also involved in the formation of the
866:
Ancestors of George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
277:, birthplace of George Clifford, a residence of the
2299:
English people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1891:
Anne Clifford's Autobiographical Writing, 1590–1676
521:Clifford was often spoken of as a sort of nautical
1241:Robert Spencer of Spencer CombeSir Robert Spencer
764:, which were also made at the Greenwich armoury.
345:and marriage was granted by Queen Elizabeth I to
2225:
760:in New York, next to the two suits of armour of
337:when his father died in 1570, leaving George a
52:George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland, after
1929:"Disused Stations: Londesborough Park Station"
401:Clifford rose in the world as an accomplished
285:George Clifford was born on 8 August 1558 at
1867:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
1502:13. Elizabeth Greystoke, Baroness Greystoke
210:Sir George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
674:monument survives in Holy Trinity church,
388:
373:, an Elizabethan country house located in
265:
46:
2069:
2028:(1st ed.). London: E Stock. p.
1877:
737:, and a drawing of it is included in the
713:Sir George Clifford's tournament armour,
533:Marriage, children and succession dispute
1980:
708:
643:
596:
592:Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland
541:(1560–1616), a daughter of his guardian
392:
269:
187:Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford
83:Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland
2021:
1956:, vol. 5 (London, HMSO, 1980), p. 257:
1322:George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland
1153:Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
1127:Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland
2226:
1987:"Cumberland, Dukes and Earls of"
1915:Summerson, Trueman & Harrison 1998
1903:Summerson, Trueman & Harrison 1998
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1087:Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland
991:
976:Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland
921:Henry Clifford, 10th Baron de Clifford
884:
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405:, and became Queen Elizabeth's second
295:Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland
200:Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland
73:Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland
1974:
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569:Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset
1707:William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
895:John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford
693:, from whom the Cliffords inherited
543:Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
347:Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
1926:
1920:
1593:John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury
837:Engraved portrait by William Rogers
775:, which Hilliard perhaps invented.
639:
634:Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet
13:
2269:Lord-lieutenants of Northumberland
1838:
851:Chequy or and azure, a fesse gules
379:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
308:, a junior branch of the Clifford
234:. He was notable at court for his
14:
2315:
2244:16th-century Royal Navy personnel
1958:Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine
1954:HMC, Manuscripts Marquess of Bath
704:
518:which started to plague his men.
1864:Dictionary of National Biography
842:
830:
825:A full-body portrait of Clifford
818:
806:
778:
465:expedition to the Azores in 1589
360:
2274:Lord-lieutenants of Westmorland
2015:
2000:
1364:Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre
1010:18. Sir John St. John of Bletso
682:, showing the arms of Clifford
440:
64:January 1570 – 30 October 1605
2259:Lord-lieutenants of Cumberland
1963:
1946:
1908:
1896:
1883:
1871:
1445:William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre
299:William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre
1:
2284:17th-century English nobility
2279:16th-century English nobility
2134:Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland
1823:
1390:Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre
2294:High sheriffs of Westmorland
653:Holy Trinity Church, Skipton
7:
2072:Brougham and Brough Castles
2009:Tapestry weaving in England
1933:www.disused-stations.org.uk
1832:. Retrieved 28 October 2007
1649:29. Lady Catherine Stafford
1479:26. Sir Robert de Greystock
857:
813:The full armour in New York
469:Battle of Berlengas Islands
324:, in the north of England.
281:since the late 13th century
10:
2320:
1893:(Manchester, 2018), p. 161
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758:Metropolitan Museum of Art
715:Metropolitan Museum of Art
260:Metropolitan Museum of Art
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2070:Summerson, Henry (1999),
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582:, having been created by
565:14th Baroness de Clifford
510:, the citadel protecting
507:Fort San Felipe del Morro
425:in 1592, and he sat as a
385:separated from his wife.
310:feudal barons of Clifford
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16:English noble (1558–1605)
1960:, vol. 18 (1879), p. 279
1858:"Clifford, George"
1672:7. Lady Elizabeth Talbot
725:of the Tudor period. As
691:feudal barons of Appleby
537:In 1577, George married
375:East Riding of Yorkshire
341:, aged 12. His valuable
252:National Maritime Museum
1993:Encyclopædia Britannica
1952:G. Dyfnallt Owen, ed.,
1531:27. Lady Elizabeth Grey
389:Queen's Champion and KG
266:Early life and wardship
2158:The Earl of Cumberland
2127:The Earl of Huntingdon
2054:Abbot Hall Art Gallery
1765:Lady Katherine Neville
1206:5. Lady Margaret Percy
951:17. Margaret Bromflete
718:
655:
651:of George Clifford in
622:Abbot Hall Art Gallery
609:
398:
293:, the son and heir of
282:
232:Elizabeth I of England
214:13th Baron de Clifford
93:13th Baron de Clifford
2254:Knights of the Garter
2011:(London, 1914), p. 33
1296:Lady Eleanor Beaufort
1265:11. Catherine Spencer
1183:21. Lady Maud Herbert
849:Arms of de Clifford:
712:
647:
600:
539:Lady Margaret Russell
512:San Juan, Puerto Rico
449:Elizabeth Bonaventure
409:on the retirement of
396:
355:Lady Margaret Russell
273:
254:) and a garniture of
177:Lady Margaret Russell
1062:19. Alice Bradshaigh
790:Orlando: A Biography
697:and vast estates in
431:Mary, Queen of Scots
423:Knight of the Garter
327:George succeeded as
218:13th Lord of Skipton
130:Liberty of the Savoy
96:13th Lord of Skipton
2249:Earls of Cumberland
762:Sir James Scudamore
475:, which led to the
240:Accession Day Tilts
2304:Barons de Clifford
2264:English privateers
2212:Title next held by
2182:Earl of Cumberland
2166:Peerage of England
2154:Title next held by
2123:Title last held by
2114:Political offices
1970:East India Company
1889:Jessica L. Malay,
1554:3. Hon. Anne Dacre
769:portrait miniature
719:
656:
610:
556:Lady Anne Clifford
502:Battle of San Juan
435:East India Company
415:portrait miniature
399:
371:Londesborough Hall
330:Earl of Cumberland
306:Barons de Clifford
283:
244:portrait miniature
167:Londesborough Hall
40:Earl of Cumberland
2222:
2221:
2201:Baron de Clifford
2189:Succeeded by
2006:William Thomson,
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
799:Queen Elizabeth I
744:The armour is of
731:Greenwich armoury
613:The Great Picture
602:The Great Picture
577:Baron de Clifford
497:Scourge of Malice
458:Armada Tapestries
454:Anglo-Spanish War
419:Nicholas Hilliard
335:Baron de Clifford
248:Nicholas Hilliard
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54:Nicholas Hilliard
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2192:Francis Clifford
2172:Preceded by
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1984:, ed. (1911).
1982:Chisholm, Hugh
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500:. During the
499:
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492:
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486:
485:Flores Island
482:
481:Madre de Deus
478:
474:
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466:
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438:
436:
432:
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424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Sir Henry Lee
408:
404:
395:
386:
382:
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368:
361:Life at court
358:
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104:8 August 1558
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2093:
2071:
2063:Bibliography
2024:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1991:
1976:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1880:, p. 46
1873:
1862:
1818:
1321:
850:
788:
782:
766:
743:
720:
657:
612:
611:
601:
579:
574:
559:
536:
527:buccaneering
520:
505:
495:
493:
462:
447:
444:
441:Naval career
400:
383:
364:
334:
328:
326:
303:
284:
258:(now at the
217:
213:
209:
208:
189:
125:(1605-10-30)
89:Other titles
18:
2239:1605 deaths
2234:1558 births
2143:Westmorland
754:Tudor roses
746:blued steel
739:Jacob Album
699:Westmorland
615:is a large
322:Westmorland
291:Westmorland
141:Nationality
112:Westmorland
69:Predecessor
2228:Categories
2205:1570–1605
2186:1570–1605
2147:1603–1605
2074:, London:
1824:References
795:almshouses
717:, New York
684:quartering
672:chest tomb
649:Chest tomb
203:Anne Dacre
136:, England.
114:, England.
787:'s novel
723:garniture
604:, 1646.
516:dysentery
238:, at the
230:of Queen
173:Spouse(s)
151:Residence
79:Successor
858:Ancestry
680:heraldry
617:triptych
580:suo jure
561:suo jure
407:Champion
343:wardship
236:jousting
228:courtier
190:suo jure
2209:Dormant
2038:7225949
1938:7 March
676:Skipton
523:Quixote
452:in the
403:jouster
196:Parents
145:English
2151:Vacant
2120:Vacant
2100:
2082:
2036:
687:Vipont
668:Craven
483:, off
134:London
61:Tenure
689:(the
660:Savoy
339:minor
183:Issue
2141:and
2098:ISBN
2080:ISBN
2034:OCLC
1940:2017
1763:31.
1731:15.
1705:30.
1617:14.
1591:28.
1388:12.
1362:24.
1294:23.
1239:22.
1151:10.
1125:20.
893:16.
752:and
584:writ
427:Peer
333:and
304:The
220:,
120:Died
101:Born
2030:491
1443:6.
1320:1.
1085:2.
974:4.
919:8.
783:In
771:by
666:in
624:in
417:by
320:in
312:of
289:in
246:by
2230::
2136:,
2078:,
2046:^
2032:.
1990:.
1931:.
1861:.
1840:^
801:.
558:,
460:.
437:.
351:KG
349:,
301:.
223:KG
216:,
212:,
132:,
110:,
31:KG
2040:.
1942:.
588:£
571:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
