956:. He was there every morning before nine o'clock, and he rarely left before five. There was no liquor in his room. It was open to everybody. His luncheon, when he had one, was, like mine, a cup of tea and a cracker. It was in that room that he received the delegations that waited upon him, and the personal and political friends who called to pay their respects. It was there that he made the speeches which startled the country by the bitterness of their tone their almost savage denunciations of secessionists as traitors who merited the traitor's doom. So intemperate were some of these speeches, that I should have attributed them to the use of stimulants if I had not known them to be the speeches of a sober man, who could not over come the habit of denunciatory declamation which he had formed in his bitter contests in Tennessee. They were, like all of his subsequent offhand addresses, quite unsuited to his position as president. If he had been smitten with dumbness when he was elected Vice-President, he would have escaped a world of trouble. From that time onward he never made an offhand public speech by which he did not suffer in public estimation, but none of them could be charged to the account of strong drink. For nearly four years I had daily intercourse with him, frequently at night, and I never saw him when under the influence of liquor. I have no hesitation in saying that whatever may have been his faults,
818:
633:
1025:, in his recollections of Johnson as military governor, as published 1907: "Yet I could not rid myself of the impression that beneath this staid and sober exterior there were still some wildfires burning which occasionally might burst to the surface. This impression was strengthened by a singular experience. It happened twice or three times that, when I called upon him, I was told by the attendant that the Governor was sick and could not see anybody; then, after the lapse of four or five days, he would send for me, and I would find him uncommonly natty in his attire, and generally 'groomed' with especial care. He would also wave off any inquiry about his health. When I mentioned this circumstance to one of the most prominent Union men of Nashville, he smiled, and said that the Governor had 'his infirmities,' but was 'all right' on the whole."
592:
746:
1276:
850:
22:
935:
the 4th of March 1865 he had been on one of the most protracted sprees of his life and was at the time so inebriated as to make himself a spectacle as he attempted incoherently to utter an inaugural address. His friend, the elder Blair, took him from
Washington to his country home to sober up. This was scarcely six weeks before the death of Lincoln. How well Mr. Blair succeeded in his good office I am unable to say but the temper displayed by Johnson or at least the tone of his utterances and some of his official conduct indicate that the whisky devil was not as yet fully exorcised when he came to the Presidency. Nevertheless we must regard much of his loyal fury as assumed. No politician was a more complete master of
1153:
870:, speaking at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, November 24, 1866: "As to the specification and evidence of the first charge of public drunkenness, if common uncontradicted fame speaks truly, and that it does in this instance, the blush at shame which mantles the cheek of every true American when the occurrence is mentioned, is the highest guarantyâthen every Senator who witnessed the disgraceful stammering tongue of the Vice President as he mumbled his oath of office, and slobbered the Holy Book with a drunken kiss, will be at once the witness and judge, and to other like public and disgraceful exhibitions almost every depot and
1039:, by way of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, by way of Walter P. Brownlow, published in 1909: "As the editor of a Whig newspaper and a speaker in every political campaign we have had in Tennessee since Johnson's entrance into public life I have fought him so zealously that for twenty years we were not on speaking terms. I never failed to publicly denounce him for anything which I believed he did which I regarded as disreputable, as I certainly do the excessive use of liquor, but I never charged him with being a drunkard because I had no grounds for so doing. I do not mean to say that he was a total
1057:, without foundation. I will state here that during the years he was in the White House there never was any foundation for it...I saw him probably every day...and I never once saw him under the influence of liquor...No man whose wits were fuddled with alcohol could have done what he did in Tennessee and Washington. He drank, as did virtually most public men of the time, a notable exception being Mr. Lincoln. The White House cellars were well stocked with wine and whiskies, which he offered to his guests at dinner or luncheon, but in my experience he never drank to excess."
227:, a historian of alcoholism found that Andrew Johnson most likely met the criteria for problem drinking, based on accounts that suggest he indulged in benders, drank in "enormous" quantities, gulped down hard liquor as if it were water, drank in the morning, drank after drinking, and consumed excessive, inebriating quantities of alcohol at inappropriate times. The author, James Graham, argues that "ugly behavior is symptomatic," and states that "It's probable that alcoholism-driven ego played a more important role in his clash with Congress, which led to the
74:
1310:
coherently and, in fact, found difficulty keeping his feet. It was a pitiful sight to see him standing there, holding on to the iron railing in front of him and swaying back and forth, almost inarticulate with drink...It was a sight I shall never forgetâthe bloated, stupid, helpless look of Mr. Johnson, as he was hurried away from the balcony to his rooms by his friends and led staggering through the corridors of the
Maxwell House...He died shortly after the occurrence just related."
46:
484:
999:
3451:
837:
next day. The fact that the president took his oath at a later time than eight in the morning is well attested by various newspapermen, who failed to see any sign of drunkenness or a hangover. Moreover, the cabinet meeting at noon, which Welles recorded in his diary as well as in other memoranda, is proof positive of
Johnson's condition and whereabouts on the fifteenth." However, some or all of these refutations appear to be responses to
1089:
1070:: "But that Andrew Johnson was a drunkard is more difficult to disprove...But had not Johnson been a drinking man through his life? I have often been asked. Not to the extent the one incident implied. Indeed Johnson had been considered a temperate man in all things. I sat with him at the same table in Nashville at least once a day for eighteen months and never saw him take wine or liquor with any meal. He never drank a
1018:, and then made it about half and half water. The theoretical, philosophical drinker pours out a little whisky and puts in almost no water at allâdrinks it pretty nearly pureâbut when a man gets to taking a good deal of water in his whisky, it shows he is in the habit of drinking a good deal. I noticed that the Governor took more whisky than most gentlemen would have done, and I concluded that he took it pretty often."
539:, who was married to Johnson's daughter Martha, had a drinking problem. During the impeachment process, Andrew Johnson himself wrote, "I have had a son killed, a son-in-law die during the last battle at Nashville, another son has thrown himself away, a second son-in-law is in no better condition. I think I have had sorrow enough without having my bank account examined by a Committee of Congress," referring to Charles,
107:. Less so today, but in his own time, Johnson's alleged drinking contributed substantially to how his peers evaluated his "attributes of mind, character, and speech...where the good ruler is temperate, Johnson is an inebriate; where the good ruler is selfless, Johnson is self-regarding; where the good ruler is eloquent, Johnson is a rank demagogue...behind all these assumptions is the still and silent image of the
588:. In a speech of approximately 800 words, such constructions run to 28 'I's and nine 'my's. Indeed, in the first paragraph alone 'I' is deployed no less than 20 times. Now, a certain preoccupation with the self is no doubt to be expected under such circumstances, but as his audiences would learn soon enough, Johnson's phrasing here foreshadows an almost pathological fixation on his personal identity."
118:, "We will probably never know the extent to which alcohol was a part of Johnson's life. Not all alcoholics appear drunk in public, and his relatively solitary existenceâhis family was almost never with him and he had few friendsâwas exactly the kind of setup that allowed for unobtrusive drinking that could become a problem in a time of great emotional and physical stress."
407:"He did not use tobacco in any form, and was discreet in the use of liquors. As was the general habit of men in his stratum of society, and especially of men in political life, he took a social drink. His personal and political enemies made the most of even this temperate habit of drinking by resorting to deft exaggeration or by straight lying."
213:
habit of indulging in intoxicants, afterwards reputed as
Johnson's most conspicuous personal failing as President, had, of course, been formed long before. There is no evidence that it interfered seriously with the performance of his duties, but it occasionally betrayed him into extravagance of action and expression which did him no credit."
160:. A broad overview of the human use of intoxicants asserts that Johnson was thought to "be rarely sober." A scholarly examination of the consequences of illness in national leaders states, "The best-known instance of alcohol abuse in high office is that of Andrew Johnson, whose alcoholism figured in the debate concerning his
651:, "Andy Johnson may not have been a drunkard, but neither was he a stranger to whiskey. If one reads through his letters and bills, there is ample evidence that Johnson possessed a discernible taste for quality whiskeyâand was willing to pay good money to get it." A conflicting account of Johnson's taste comes from
675:, who was Johnson's personal secretary for a time during the American Civil War, said much the same, that Johnson pretty much only drank Robertson County whiskey (he refused wine with meals and disliked champagne), he avoided bars and saloons, and that four glasses a day was not unusual for him, although he didn't
1229:
in 1866 "but
Johnson was not intoxicated". Even Johnson's sworn enemy in Congress, Benjamin F. Butler, agreed that he was sober on that occasion, stating, "Can there be anything more indecent and degrading to the office of the President of the United States than the exhibition made by Andrew Johnson
212:
revels, or the retailing of vile slang in partisan speeches...His stooping to blackguard private citizens was thought to be lowest depth to which drunken recklessness could drag him down, but a lower depth has been found." A 1916 thesis on
Johnson's era as military governor of Tennessee argued, "The
1127:
say that she never saw him...under the influence of liquor but once in her life...I was 18 years old when he died, lived as part of the household the full period of his tenancy of the White House, and I never knew of him being drunk." Similarly, Patterson told Fay W. Brabson that Gideon Welles' son
943:
and traitors punished'. Yet he was issuing pardons by the hundreds or thousands all the time and the cases of punishment were few. I am not his apologist for he counted the writer among his enemies. It was my purpose to support him in the right and oppose him in the wrong regardless of our personal
934:
suggests, but he was a hard drinker and whenever he had indulged to excess for any long period of time the effect upon his temper was strongly marked. It was unfavorable to amiability, making him unkind and exceedingly rude and offensive in his manners. When he was inaugurated as Vice
President on
951:
to both
Lincoln and Johnson, memoirs published 1888: "Mr. Johnson was especially intemperate as a speaker when defending his policy and replying to the severe criticism to which he was subjected, but not in the use of liquor. I had good opportunities for observing his habits, and my fears made me
836:
Trefousse, Johnson's most recent major biographer, discounts
Stewart's account entirely, writing, "The falsity of these assertions is evident. Stewart's account of the swearing in is contradicted by most other contemporary sources, including a memorandum in the chief justice's papers prepared the
207:
tour as president, a
Pennsylvania newspaper summarized the general perception (amongst his enemies, at least) of the intersection of Johnson's drinking and his politics: "From the day that Andrew Johnson took his seat as Vice President of the United to the present moment he seems to have improved
802:
In the end, whether or not he exhibited clinically significant symptoms of alcoholism during his presidency, after the March 4 spectacle at the U.S. Capitol, "it did not much matter what the truth was about his drinking habits. The truth that mattered was that he had set himself up, made himself
576:
like the drunken harangues of a half-deranged misanthrope, historians often find as much evidence for self-obsession as inebriation, as determined by audits of Johnson's favorite topic: himself. For example, in the official transcript of Johnson's vice-presidential inauguration speech, historian
1244:
is as incapable of appreciating the reparation which he owes to the country as he shows himself to be incapable of appreciating his own insult to the country. He is reported in the Washington telegrams to be indulging still another debauch. Nothing better is to be expected of him. These are the
231:, than alcoholism-ignorant modern historians realize." He also argues that alcoholism is often "not noticed outside the home until the alcoholic reaches the advanced stage of the disease and starts showing the bizarre behavior associated with the conditionâsuch as showing up drunk on the job."
1202:
at Nashville on the night of October 24, 1864; a historian writing in 1916 seemingly suggested that Johnson freed the slaves of Tennessee by fiat because he was drunk: "Johnson addressed the crowd at the capitol in a speech of which we have several highly colored and garbled reports, the most
1309:
at that time...A band serenaded him and the street was thronged with an immense crowd, cheering and calling loudly for a speech. After a long delay the ex-President appeared upon the hotel balcony and acknowledged the compliment, but his condition was such that he was totally unable to speak
984:
especially. The avenging angel visited not once, simply, but the scourge came to Mr. Johnson again and again. It is a sorrowful history, that of his family. Of the three bright, promising sons born to him all died victims of the same enemy that carried the illustrious father awayâthe bottle.
553:, who wrote the most recent full-length scholarly biography of Johnson, argued, "...although his sons suffered from alcoholism, and he himself was constantly accused of it after his inauguration, it seems evident that, unlike a true alcoholic, Johnson could take or leave his liquor at will."
543:, Robert, and Patterson (a sitting U.S. Senator), respectively. In 1891, three months before Patterson's death, a newspaper article described him as "fallen before the same terrific curse which swept away the head of family and three talented boys." There are also two newspaper reports that
989:
was a dear fellow who I knew and loved well. One day during the war he was toppled from his horse on the streets of Nashville, Tenn. He was picked up with a broken skull. Andrew Johnson himself went off on a 'big spree.' He had been in the habit of 'getting off his balance' (to use a milder
607:
speech of 1866 included its long duration, apparent ignorance of political reality, persecutory delusions, sullen resentment, thin-skinned "intolerance of criticism," egotism ("Who, I ask, has suffered more for the Union than I have?"), and more than 200 self-references. Per historian
103:(as would have been typical for any Tennessean of his era and station); the debate concerns whether or not he was governing drunk, how alcohol may have altered his personality and disrupted his relationships, and if, when, or how it affected his political standing, and even his
1218:"had called at the White House and found the President, his son and his son-in-law all drunk and unfit for business. When questioned about it, Pomeroy denied having said he had seen the President drunk, but he had seen Robert Johnson very much so."
616:(1961), what the audience saw and heard was not the President under the influence of mind-altering substances but "Andrew Johnson the man, fully true to his themes of his career and character." According to historian Greg Phifer,
571:
thought Johnson 'Egotistic to the point of mental disease,'" and the two issues may have overlapped, as "Studies have shown links between narcissistic behavioral patterns and substance abuse issues." In analyzing speeches that
671:, Johnson's back-slapping, swill-chugging persona was part of a larger "almost pathetic appeal for acceptance". According to DuBois, Johnson was known to consume "three or four glasses of Robertson's Canada Whiskey" per day.
690:
The recollections of Carl Schurz, M. V. Moore, and others also suggest that Johnson would periodically isolate himself and go on multi-day binges. The Johnson family may have used the term "spree" to describe such
1108:...His weakness was alcoholism. He made a fearful exhibition of himself at the time of his inauguration and during the presidency, and especially during his famous trip 'around the circle' he was in a bad way."
1193:
that he "flourishes aloft...turned his untimely lapse from sobriety into a symbol of habitual drunkenness. It took two generations to correct the false impressions about Johnson that these cartoons helped to
1245:
habits of his lifetime, they were known to the politicians who nominated him, they were proclaimed in the face of the party which elected him. It is idle to ask the stream to rise higher than its fountain."
1104:, memoirs published 1924: "President Andrew Johnson differed radically from any President of the United States whom it has been my good fortune to know. This refers to all from and including Mr. Lincoln to
1305:. At that time his habits had become exceedingly dissipated, and one of his peculiarities was that he appeared to select very young men as his companions in his debauches. His headquarters were at the
1032:
described Andrew Johnson in 1907 as "not the drunken boor of the public fancy but...a mild-mannered, earnest, quiet, kindly man, who did surprisingly well in view of his antecedents and environments."
711:"The whiskey business is the poison vine which entwines itself around the oaks of our national prosperity, the noxious weed that has sprung up in the garden of American industries, the nauseating
1301:, recollecting approximately 1875, in his book published 1906: "My next sight of Mr. Johnson was probably a year or so later, shortly before his death. It was soon after his campaign before the
1133:
When Andy was really Governor of Tennessee to save money he boarded in a Livery Stable but since he is no Assâthough he "often felt his oats and oftener his rye"âhe took his forage upstairs.
833:, and most of the 20th chapter of the book is devoted to the abbreviated second term of Abraham Lincoln. One of the Chapter XX subtitles is "How a drunken man was sworn in as President."
1014:
during the American Civil War, met Johnson when he was military governor of Tennessee, memoir published 1898: "So he brought out a jug of whisky and poured out as much as he wanted in a
1237:, "The claim was made that the President had been 'dead drunk' when he made his Cleveland speech, although it was later proved at the impeachment trial that this charge was a slander."
3486:
1271:
was the straw that broke the camels back it was the most disgusting tirade that ever emanated from any manâit would have disgraced Ben Peake, or General Pomeroy. He was drunk, drunk!"
1796:. Durham, N.C.: Seeman Printery. pp. 120â121 (inaugural), 126 (feeling of responsibility after Lincoln), 263 (social drinking), 264 (sons), 293 (Edgar Welles), 306 (Patterson).
990:
phrase)âshutting himself up in his room, attended alone by a faithful servant. When in this condition, if aroused or approached by others, he would swear like a maniac, hurling huge
104:
1298:
1207:
to sway the ignorant and excited blacks, and his extravagances of expression suggest his too-constant friend, the whiskey bottle, as the inspiration of his unfortunate diatribe."
3191:
3028:
767:
740:
196:
817:
965:
1086:
whiskey. Some days some days less, and some days and weeks no liquor at all. So as drinking went in Tennessee, Johnson would have been termed a strictly temperate man."
273:
191:, states that all charges/claims of Johnson being drunk "were false except for one incident ...Johnson was not intoxicated. He was merely falling back into ingrained
970:
1359:
679:
drink daily. In the 19th century, Robertson County, Tennessee distilled more whisky than any other county in the state. Robertson County produced a "distinctive"
1526:
1043:
from the use of intoxicating drinks, as I have always been, and as I think every man should be, but I do mean that nobody in Tennessee ever regarded him as
632:
3481:
668:
659:: "Johnson was always perfectly indifferent to the quality of whiskey he drank, he smacked his lips and enjoyed the meanest whiskey hot and fresh from the
3061:
3138:
812:
2086:
Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860-1888
726:
money is a bribe and the acceptance of it by the United States is a national sin....You shall not press down upon the brow of American homes the
381:
2865:
195:
habits...His actions did not conform to many people's ideas about how a president should behave." The most famous case of Andy drunk was at his
3158:
2461:
2446:
1771:. Coward-McCann, Inc. pp. 150 (song), 335 (Pomeroy), 367 (Swing Round the Circle, Cleveland & St. Louis) – via Internet Archive.
910:, July 4, 1879: "The Martyr-President had left a drunken imbecile in power: obstinate, unreasoning, unreasonable, with only one saving qualityâ
1320:
3395:
3153:
3056:
2974:
753:
624:
of 1866 as "beginning with thanks, continuing with 'my sacrifices, my losses, my policy,' and always including "I, I, I, My, My, Me, Me.' "
2963:
2105:
1128:
Edgar T. Welles had told him that "Andrew Johnson did not drink on the famous political campaign known as ' The Swing Around the Circle.'"
3222:
1256:
are affected to tears by trivial circumstances, and in a manner to make them appear silly in the extreme. Is not A. Johnson in that fix?"
1002:
Drinkers of the Civil War era might have been served from glazed earthenware jugs (such as this contemporary creation photographed 2011)
774:. Serious historians describe him as "plastered," and recount that he "humiliated himself before everyone of importance in Washington."
1215:
1053:, U.S. Secret Service, published 1910: "I very soon began to realize that the reports of his drinking to excess were, like many other
854:
758:
21:
1617:
1588:. ABC-CLIO biographical companions. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 36 (Blair), 88 (drunkeness of), 306â307, 360 (index).
3018:
2931:
591:
95:
is the dispute, originally conducted amongst the general public, and now typically a question for historians, about whether or not
1252:
was not merely a surfeit of maudlin patriotism but a surfeit of whiskey: "It has been observed that men bordering upon a state of
3170:
3023:
2952:
1719:. New York: H. Holt and company. pp. v. (prefatory note), 104 (drinking), 125 (Charleston spree), 268 (Ezekiel) – via
1230:
on the 22nd of February last, for which there is, unfortunately for the honor of the country, not the apology that he was drunk?"
948:
2129:
301:"Strangely enough, in the midst of such universal dissipation, Andrew Johnson was not overmuch afflicted with the drink habit."
1294:
203:, "He never lived these incidents down, although historians contend that they were greatly exaggerated." As he set out on his
3491:
3217:
2471:
2300:
2212:
1873:
1842:
1593:
1563:
1536:
1501:
1467:
1440:
1402:
889:
756:; Johnson, sworn in earlier in the day, is the individual seated in the front row, far right, holding his hat over his face (
149:
2524:
3236:
3176:
953:
2800:
849:
3196:
3148:
2966:
2653:
2569:
2544:
2023:
1919:
1638:
1351:
1178:
771:
2774:
2737:
2335:
2048:
952:
watchful. For six weeks after he became president, he occupied a room adjoining mine, and communicating with it, in the
2670:
2496:
2272:
1903:
1275:
719:
2893:
2700:
565:
described him as "drunk, not so much with liquor, as with the heady wine of sudden and accidental success." However, "
3163:
3033:
2430:
1998:
1248:
In August 1866 a Kansas paper suggested that the true cause of Andrew Johnson's tears at accounts of the pro-Johnson
30:
1457:
3212:
749:
745:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
2594:
2085:
561:
On the whole, historians seem to have concluded that Johnson's problems were not solely a consequence of whisky.
512:
2432:
The Curse of Drink: Or, Stories of Hell's Commerce; a Mighty Array of True And Interesting Stories And Incidents
1794:
Andrew Johnson: a life in pursuit of the right course, 1808-1875: the seventeenth President of the United States
3380:
3181:
3123:
3051:
2982:
2955:
2840:
2637:
1981:
Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy by David O. Stewart page 83
1331:
1249:
1063:, private secretary to Johnson during the war, also war correspondent, later owned several newspapers, writing
507:, it may be relevant that all three of Johnson's sons struggled with alcoholism, quite publicly in the case of
1898:. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 34 (appearance), 190 (kiss Bible), 191 (drinking), 195 (inauguration).
114:
All that said, the Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate may be a case of questions without answers. Per historian
99:, the 17th president of the United States, drank to excess. There is no question that Andrew Johnson consumed
3143:
2295:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 40 ("pathetic appeal"), 174 (note 35: Brownlow letter).
1389:
Browne, Stephen Howard (2008). "Andrew Johnson and the Politics of Character". In Medhurst, Martin J. (ed.).
228:
161:
1259:
In a private letter to his father in October 1866, F. W. Drury of Alton, Illinois wrote of Johnson's recent
3043:
2924:
500:
2080:
3406:
3288:
3128:
3071:
1083:
986:
940:
524:
3329:
3306:
3244:
1199:
1161:
1152:
903:
508:
488:
803:
vulnerable to charges of drunkenness at virtually every crisis that beset his late political career."
3400:
3349:
1203:
favorable of which does him no credit as a statesman. Rather, to have resorted to the devices of the
172:
1302:
547:, who worked as Johnson's personal secretary for many years, died of alcohol dependence at age 31.
3276:
3118:
1226:
1124:
730:
platted by the hand of the liquor traffic; you shall not crucify man upon a cross of high license."
604:
2177:
3476:
3454:
3354:
3339:
3186:
2917:
1264:
1260:
766:
The incident that set the stage for almost all later evaluation of Johnson's drinking habits was
516:
424:
204:
199:, but it was not the first or the last time he appeared intoxicated in public, and per historian
1181:. From his waist dangles a pair of scissors" (which is a mocking reference to Johnson, a former
3364:
3359:
3270:
2683:
1762:
1011:
826:
322:
38:
2639:
Recollections of the Civil War: with the leaders at Washington and in the field in the sixties
1491:
1165:, a "simpler but meaner" depiction of Johnson. At the nadir of Nast's reputation as a Johnson
3334:
3113:
2985:
2798:
2688:. Vol. 43. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 3197â3201 – via Google Books.
1692:
1553:
1007:
2761:
Berkelman, Robert. "Thomas Nast, Crusader and Satirist." New Mexico Quarterly 27, 3 (1957).
1186:
1279:
An old joke retold with Andrew Johnson as the main character ("Why Andrew Johnson Refused"
957:
523:, but by some historians theorize that alcohol was also involved in the youthful deaths of
491:, son of Andy Johnson, died in Greeneville, suddenly, a few days ago. He was dissipated." (
127:
1999:"A. Johnson, Tailor â The Curtain Raises and Delusions as to His Real Character Dispelled"
1159:'s "Effect of the Vote on the Eleventh Article of Impeachment" was, compared to his grand
8:
3294:
3133:
3108:
1609:
1075:
1029:
656:
544:
462:
176:
115:
2669:& "Brownlow (2 of 2)" Newspapers.com, The Bristol Evening News, September 11, 1908,
1947:
Bergeron, Paul H. (2001). "Robert Johnson: The President's Troubled and Troubling Son".
3312:
3282:
3098:
3066:
2520:
2440:
2386:
1290:
1112:
867:
672:
637:
Swingin' Round the Cirkle, or Andy's trip to the West, together with a life of its hero
585:
536:
528:
306:
221:
200:
1766:
3252:
3008:
2799:
Butler, Benjamin F.; Miscellaneous Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress) (1866).
2762:
2540:
2502:
2492:
2467:
2378:
2314:
2306:
2296:
2268:
2245:
2208:
1964:
1956:
1899:
1869:
1838:
1805:
1797:
1589:
1559:
1532:
1507:
1497:
1463:
1436:
1398:
1281:
1211:
1174:
1105:
1092:
911:
896:
was like Andrew Johnson in his stern personal integrity, but unlike him in the ultra
885:
858:
595:"President Johnson addressing his fellow-citizens at Washington, February 22, 1866" (
447:
412:
290:
188:
108:
2671:
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bristol-evening-news-brownlow-2-of/129329833/
2526:
Reminiscences of Senator William M. Stewart, of Nevada; ed. by George Rothwell Brown
2202:
1832:
208:
every opportunity to belittle himself and disgrace the position he holds, by either
3428:
2218:
2090:
1848:
1391:
1253:
1050:
930:
875:
684:
652:
643:) shows Johnson packing whisky jugs and bottles for his electioneering trip of 1866
640:
157:
34:
2717:
2620:
2408:
1735:
1714:
1669:
963:
M. V. Moore, apparently an acquaintance of Johnson from Tennessee, writing in the
3441:
3436:
3421:
3103:
1863:
1813:
1190:
1120:
1036:
1015:
944:
dislike, which was mutual. The result was that in many things I was against him."
893:
727:
703:
As for Johnson's own testimony on the sale and consumption of alcohol, according
338:
217:
153:
821:
Most of what we know about the swearing-in of Johnson comes from one wire report
3228:
3003:
2940:
2265:
Mint Juleps with Teddy Roosevelt: The Complete History of Presidential Drinking
2153:
1789:
1116:
1101:
1028:
U.S. Senator from New Hampshire and Assistant Treasury Secretary under Lincoln
919:
871:
723:
692:
649:
Mint Juleps with Teddy Roosevelt: The Complete History of Presidential Drinking
609:
550:
396:
256:
100:
96:
54:
2816:
1868:. Regents Press of Kansas. pp. 33 (June 1865), 90 ("self-intoxication").
1696:
73:
3470:
3344:
3300:
2382:
2249:
2076:
1968:
1960:
1433:
Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 17th President, 1865â1869
1306:
1060:
907:
664:
562:
431:
50:
26:
2489:
Picking Presidents: How to Make the Most Consequential Decision in the World
2318:
1674:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 154 (Nashville 1864), 219.
483:
45:
3390:
3013:
2889:
1817:
1496:. Lexington, Virginia: Aculeus Press. pp. xviii, 32â33, 150, 152â155.
1414:
1325:
977:
567:
532:
317:"Like all truly temperate men he was abstemious in food as well as drink."
192:
1809:
1240:
Delaware newspaper in the midst of the Swing Around the Circle tour: "The
1225:"many people suggested" he was drunk when he made speech made in honor of
936:
924:
published October 29, 1885: "I do not believe that Andrew Johnson was an
1156:
1022:
667:
on it, and stuff that would vomit a gentleman..." According to historian
368:
224:
209:
123:
2390:
2366:
2233:
1688:
Reputation and history: Andrew Johnson's historiographical rise and fall
1686:
998:
216:
Nonetheless, after examining recollections of Johnson by Vice President
2899:
2723:
2491:. University of California. pp. 101 (humiliation), 105 (tragedy).
1741:
1720:
1054:
1040:
897:
582:
578:
540:
78:
813:
Inauguration of Andrew Johnson § Senator Stewart's account (1908)
770:
on the floor of the U.S. Senate on the occasion of his swearing-in as
152:, the country had three alcoholic presidents during the 19th century:
2407:
Schurz, Carl; Dunning, William Archibald; Bancroft, Frederic (1907).
1397:. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. pp. 194â212.
1268:
1204:
1079:
1044:
879:
838:
680:
504:
353:
29:
of U.S. president Andrew Johnson drinking with the devil, painted by
2267:. Washington, D.C.: Regenery History. p. 152 (whiskey orders).
1263:
tour: "His speech, his drunken driveling slobbering harangue at the
2898:. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. pp. 111â112 – via
1493:
Vessels of Rage, Engines of Power: The Secret History of Alcoholism
1166:
1071:
991:
520:
2570:"Haven on Grant: Extract from Bishop Haven's Oration at Woodstock"
2506:
1088:
857:
of Reconstruction legislation; a jug sits at Johnson's feet while
777:
The spectacle inspired a song performed at a theater on E Street:
2909:
2685:
Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress
2024:"White House Reminiscences: Victims of Intemperance and Insanity"
1456:
Peterson, J. Vincent; Nisenholz, Bernard; Robinson, Gary (2003).
981:
939:
than Andrew Johnson. His utterances were loud and repeated that '
734:
2310:
1801:
1555:
When Illness Strikes the Leader: The Dilemma of the Captive King
1511:
2130:"Remembering the Craziest First Year for an American President"
1182:
925:
621:
2866:"(2) 1866 Letters re: Politics, President Johnson is a Drunk!"
1528:
Intoxication: The Universal Drive for Mind-Altering Substances
639:
by "Petroleum V. Nasby" (a satiric persona of Ohio journalist
556:
442:"...once again succumbed to oratorical self-intoxication..."
49:"Andy Drunk and Andy Sober": The use of "Argus I'd" here is a
1170:
806:
712:
660:
620:
summarized Johnson's Swing Around the Circle speeches in the
478:
1459:
A Nation Under the Influence: America's Addiction to Alcohol
683:
that was said to be "similar to, but not quite the same as,
135:
Rev. Dr. Hancock's Temperance Address, New York, June 1865,
2722:. New York: C. Scribner's sons. pp. 49â50 – via
1740:. New York: The Macmillan company. p. 209 – via
57:, a monster who was covered with countless eyes, replacing
1955:. Knoxville, TN: East Tennessee Historical Society: 1â22.
1169:, one art historian described this cartoon as Johnson "in
1147:
741:
Andrew Johnson's drunk vice-presidential inaugural address
122:
We tell them we would sooner have Andy Johnson drunk than
3487:
Historical reputations of presidents of the United States
2705:. New York and London: Harper & brothers. p. 83.
2622:
Men and measures of half a century; sketches and comments
2435:. Grand Rapids. pp. 491, 494 – via HathiTrust.
2005:. Vol. 26. Memphis, Tenn. August 17, 1891. p. 1
1455:
1321:
Historical reputation of Ulysses S. Grant § Drinking
1177:, capering with joy over his single-vote margin in the
892:, writing "Anecdotes of the Vice Presidents" in 1878: "
2817:"Delaware Gazette and State Journal 31 Aug 1866, p. 2"
2681:
2654:"A Powerful Defense and Vindication of Andrew Johnson"
2642:. New York: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 105â106.
1123:
in a letter of June 1928 to David R. Barbee: "I heard
577:
Stephen Howard Browne found "extraordinary use of the
2406:
715:
in our glorious ship of state, the pest of all ages."
423:
Mentions apparent exoneration on charges of drinking
1583:
535:, respectively. Further, there are suggestions that
1584:Schroeder-Lein, Glenna R.; Zuczek, Richard (2001).
234:
2802:Lecture delivered at the Brooklyn academy of music
2763:https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmq/vol27/iss3/3
1390:
1299:U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia
705:The Curse of Drink: Or, Stories of Hell's Commerce
2625:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 373â375.
2200:
1830:
1531:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 260.
531:, which are otherwise attributed to accident and
3468:
2738:"A Trump CardâNow Andy Johnson 'Makes His Jack'"
2699:Crook, W. H.; Gerry, Margarita Spalding (1910).
1768:The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and The Radicals
1691:(Master of Arts thesis). University of Montana.
698:
77:Former president Andrew Johnson photographed by
1010:, a once and future journalist working for the
2104:Hochenberger, Kristy Lee (September 4, 2021).
2089:. New York: Russell & Russell – via
1671:Andrew Johnson, military governor of Tennessee
1082:. He did take two or three or four glasses of
735:Vice-presidential inauguration (March 4, 1865)
2925:
2429:Shaw, Elton Raymond; Wooley, John G. (1910).
2016:
167:"Drunkenness, of Johnson" has 16 mentions in
105:current bottom-quartile historical assessment
2529:. New York: Neale Pub. Co. pp. 188â196.
2519:
2103:
1552:Post, Jerrold M.; Robins, Robert S. (1995).
844:
519:. Robert died of an overdose of alcohol and
3482:Andrew Johnson administration controversies
3223:President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library
2539:
2413:New York: The McClure Company. p. 196.
1430:
557:Chronic alcoholic abuse or character flaws?
2932:
2918:
2698:
2445:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2428:
2367:"Robertson County Distilleries, 1796â1909"
2262:
2256:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1551:
807:Presidential inauguration (April 15, 1865)
479:Disordered alcohol use in Johnson's family
3029:Drunk vice-presidential inaugural address
2618:
2466:. Harvard University Press. p. 141.
1926:. Elyria, Ohio. April 28, 1869. p. 2
1893:
976:, 1891: "Let us see how he went into the
759:The Photographic History of the Civil War
722:, permission, protection and perpetuity.
2286:
2284:
2207:. Oxford University Press. p. 292.
1837:. Oxford University Press. p. 292.
1586:Andrew Johnson: a biographical companion
1274:
1151:
1087:
997:
848:
816:
744:
631:
627:
590:
482:
169:Andrew Johnson: A Biographical Companion
143:
130:either, if he could be ever found sober.
72:
44:
20:
3171:1868 impeachment managers investigation
2486:
1984:
1788:
1733:
1712:
1684:
1148:Other allegations of public inebriation
420:Drinking issue left largely unexamined
3469:
2459:
2402:
2400:
2364:
2330:
2328:
2234:"Andrew Johnson Delivers His Argument"
2231:
2075:
2071:
2069:
1942:
1940:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1861:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1708:
1706:
1524:
1489:
1388:
603:Similarly, lowlights of the notorious
495:, Fayetteville, Tenn., April 29, 1869)
3218:Andrew Johnson National Historic Site
2913:
2715:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2290:
2281:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1614:Miller Center, University of Virginia
1558:. Yale University Press. p. 74.
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
890:Secretary of the United States Senate
65:to suggest Johnson's self-obsession (
3192:1866 & 1867 U.S. House elections
2895:Recollections of thirteen presidents
2888:
2635:
2410:The reminiscences of Carl Schurz ...
2194:
2081:"Transubstantiation of a Poor White"
1716:Andrew Johnson, plebeian and patriot
1667:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1426:
1424:
1303:Tennessee Legislature for the Senate
1210:In 1866, Rev. Beecher reported that
1035:Tennessee governor and U.S. Senator
853:Detail of a political cartoon about
795:Where Andy Johnson fell from grace,â
171:, which puts the topic on par with "
2967:Vice President of the United States
2460:Harris, William C. (July 1, 2009).
2397:
2325:
2066:
1937:
1912:
1882:
1855:
1824:
1775:
1748:
1703:
793:The President has closed the place,
772:Vice President of the United States
197:1865 vice-presidential inauguration
13:
2939:
2675:
2545:"Anecdotes of the Vice Presidents"
2513:
2417:
2353:
1737:Andrew Johnson; a study in courage
1656:
1476:
1373:
1328: â American woman (1820â1872)
1111:Johnson's grandson (and consul to
754:Lincoln's second inaugural address
177:First Military Reconstruction Act.
14:
3503:
3164:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson
2523:; Brown, George Rothwell (1908).
2204:Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
1949:Journal of East Tennessee History
1834:Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
1685:Lenihan, Mary Ruth Logan (1986).
1572:
1421:
1358:. September 22, 1866. p. 2.
1344:
791:And now to wipe out the disgrace,
614:Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
53:, referring to the Ancient Greek
3450:
3449:
3213:Andrew Johnson National Cemetery
2154:"The Politics of Andrew Johnson"
1865:The Presidency of Andrew Johnson
1393:Before the Rhetorical Presidency
786:Which made him drunk as any sot,
782:And there Great Andy Johnson got
235:Opinion of historians since 1900
93:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
87:(Knox Co. TN History Collection)
69:, Atchison, Ks., Sept. 22, 1866)
3019:1864 U.S. presidential election
2882:
2858:
2833:
2809:
2792:
2767:
2755:
2730:
2709:
2692:
2682:United States Congress (1909).
2660:. September 11, 1908. p. 5
2646:
2629:
2612:
2587:
2562:
2533:
2480:
2453:
2225:
2170:
2146:
2122:
2097:
2041:
1975:
1727:
1678:
1631:
1620:from the original on 2023-03-21
1362:from the original on 2023-05-08
513:New York State Inebriate Asylum
25:"Andy and his prime minister":
3381:Bibliography of Andrew Johnson
3182:1866 National Union Convention
3124:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
3052:Inauguration of Andrew Johnson
3024:1864 National Union Convention
2956:President of the United States
2781:. February 23, 1866. p. 2
2744:. November 22, 1862. p. 4
2371:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
2238:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
1645:. September 7, 1866. p. 2
1602:
1545:
1518:
1449:
1332:Bibliography of Andrew Johnson
1250:1866 National Union Convention
148:According to two histories of
111:, but that is another story."
1:
3144:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
2601:. October 29, 1885. p. 5
2106:"The Addiction of Narcissism"
1668:Hall, Clifton Rumery (1916).
1610:"Andrew Johnson: Family Life"
1431:Gordon-Reed, Annette (2011).
1337:
1064:
825:In 1908, former U.S. Senator
720:Taxation means representation
699:Public statements on drinking
503:continues to be a subject of
81:
3492:Alcohol in the United States
2847:. August 30, 1866. p. 2
2702:Through five administrations
2342:. January 5, 1913. p. 1
2293:Andrew Johnson and the Negro
2291:Bowen, David Warren (1989).
1734:Stryker, Lloyd Paul (1929).
1074:in his life, never was in a
784:And took a brandy-toddy hot,
501:alcoholism in family systems
333:No, per memoir of McCulloch
185:The Papers of Andrew Johnson
150:alcohol in the United States
7:
3407:Treason must be made odious
3072:Pardons for ex-Confederates
2751:– via Newspapers.com.
2719:My memories of eighty years
2716:Depew, Chauncey M. (1924).
2583:– via Newspapers.com.
2549:The Saturday Evening Review
2062:– via Newspapers.com.
2012:– via Newspapers.com.
1933:– via Newspapers.com.
1924:Elyria Independent Democrat
1896:Andrew Johnson: A Biography
1894:Trefousse, Hans L. (1989).
1713:Winston, Robert W. (1928).
1652:– via Newspapers.com.
1352:"Andy Drunk and Andy Sober"
1314:
941:treason must be made odious
10:
3508:
3330:Andrew Johnson and slavery
3245:Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum
3197:1868 Democratic Convention
3159:Second impeachment inquiry
2576:. July 17, 1879. p. 3
2574:The Nebraska State Journal
2365:Gaston, Kay Baker (1984).
2201:Eric L. McKitrick (1988).
2055:. March 7, 1866. p. 1
1831:Eric L. McKitrick (1988).
1525:Siegel, Ronald K. (2005).
1162:Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum
1021:Secretary of the Interior
888:, writing as Col. Forney,
810:
738:
67:Atchison Weekly Free Press
3416:
3396:Ledger-removal allegation
3373:
3322:
3263:
3205:
3154:First impeachment inquiry
3042:
2996:
2947:
2636:Dana, Charles A. (1898).
2336:"Andrew Johnson's Habits"
2263:Will-Weber, Mark (2014).
2182:The Saturday Evening Post
2178:"Andrew Johnson Archives"
2030:. May 14, 1869. p. 3
1920:"Death of Robert Johnson"
994:at friend and foe alike."
966:Philadelphia Weekly Times
859:Secretary of State Seward
845:Comment by contemporaries
768:his floridly drunk speech
3401:Buell Commission records
3277:Martha Johnson Patterson
3119:Civil Rights Act of 1866
3077:State of the Union, 1865
2845:White Cloud Kansas Chief
2779:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
2775:"The President's Speech"
2658:The Bristol Evening News
2619:McCulloch, Hugh (1888).
2487:Mukunda, Gautam (2022).
2049:"Death of Col. Browning"
1435:. Holt. pp. 85â90.
1216:U.S. Senator from Kansas
1185:, as "the knight of the
1140:Knoxville Daily Register
1047:to their excessive use."
183:, citing the editors of
3187:Swing Around the Circle
1862:Castel, Albert (1979).
1790:Brabson, Fay Warrington
1261:Swing Around the Circle
1233:Per Milton in his 1930
1078:, and did not care for
917:"J. L." in a letter to
861:pours out another drink
752:took this photo during
612:in his ground-breaking
205:Swing Around the Circle
3271:Eliza McCardle Johnson
2988:(1853â1857, 1862â1865)
2975:Senator from Tennessee
2232:Phifer, Gregg (1952).
2158:historymatters.gmu.edu
1639:"National Humiliation"
1490:Graham, James (1994).
1286:
1223:Biographical Companion
1195:
1145:
1096:
1012:U.S. Department of War
1003:
862:
827:William Morris Stewart
822:
800:
763:
644:
600:
496:
181:Biographical Companion
156:, Andrew Johnson, and
141:
88:
70:
42:
39:Liljenquist Collection
16:Aspect of U.S. history
3114:Judicial Circuits Act
3062:Judicial appointments
2986:Governor of Tennessee
2463:Lincoln's Last Months
2340:The News and Observer
2053:The Wilmington Herald
1356:The Weekly Free Press
1278:
1227:Washington's Birthday
1189:") and the bottle of
1155:
1131:
1091:
1001:
912:devotion to the Union
852:
820:
797:At the Inauguration!
779:
748:
655:in an 1892 letter to
635:
628:Taste and preferences
618:The Boston Transcript
605:Washington's Birthday
594:
493:Fayetteville Observer
486:
229:attempted impeachment
144:Johnson's alcohol use
120:
76:
48:
24:
3177:National Union Party
3129:Tenure of Office Act
2870:Fleischer's Auctions
2543:(December 7, 1878).
2028:Chicago Evening Post
1643:The Bedford Inquirer
1100:Former U.S. Senator
987:One of the young men
960:was not among them."
788:At the Inauguration.
568:The Atlantic Monthly
517:Grant's inauguration
3295:Mary Johnson Stover
3134:Command of Army Act
3109:Reconstruction Acts
2595:"Grant and Johnson"
2521:Stewart, William M.
1763:Milton, George Fort
1616:. October 4, 2016.
1462:. Allyn and Bacon.
1037:William G. Brownlow
1030:William E. Chandler
969:, reprinted in the
954:Treasury Department
904:Methodist Episcopal
882:can give evidence."
839:straw-man arguments
657:Oliver Perry Temple
545:William A. Browning
463:Annette Gordon-Reed
248:Johnson alcoholic?
116:Annette Gordon-Reed
3429:Ulysses S. Grant â
3360:William A. Johnson
3340:Elizabeth J. Forby
3283:David T. Patterson
3099:Colorado Territory
3067:Reconstruction era
2742:The Daily Register
1287:
1196:
1097:
1004:
949:Treasury Secretary
868:Benjamin F. Butler
863:
823:
764:
673:Benjamin C. Truman
669:David Warren Bowen
645:
601:
537:David T. Patterson
505:addiction research
497:
323:George Fort Milton
307:Lloyd Paul Stryker
222:Interior Secretary
201:Elizabeth R. Varon
89:
71:
43:
3464:
3463:
3442:Schuyler Colfax â
3437:â Hannibal Hamlin
3422:â Abraham Lincoln
3386:Alcoholism debate
3365:Florence J. Smith
3253:Tennessee Johnson
3009:Southern Unionist
2977:(1857â1862, 1875)
2805:. pp. 11â12.
2473:978-0-674-03836-3
2302:978-0-87049-584-7
2214:978-0-19-505707-2
1875:978-0-7006-0190-5
1844:978-0-19-505707-2
1595:978-1-57607-030-7
1565:978-0-300-06314-1
1538:978-1-59477-069-2
1503:978-0-9630242-5-1
1469:978-0-205-32714-0
1442:978-0-8050-6948-8
1404:978-1-60344-626-6
1282:Memphis Avalanche
1221:According to the
1212:Samuel C. Pomeroy
1179:impeachment trial
1093:Tennessee whiskey
978:mills of the gods
886:John Weiss Forney
750:Alexander Gardner
599:, March 10, 1866)
476:
475:
448:Hans L. Trefousse
413:Eric L. McKitrick
291:Robert W. Winston
128:John Breckenridge
109:Great Emancipator
3499:
3453:
3452:
3237:Southern Justice
2989:
2978:
2970:
2959:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2436:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2362:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:Internet Archive
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:Psychology Today
2101:
2095:
2094:
2091:Internet Archive
2073:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1995:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1891:
1880:
1879:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1849:Internet Archive
1828:
1822:
1821:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1396:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1348:
1295:U.S. Congressman
1254:delirium tremens
1187:goose and shears
1143:
1095:aging in barrels
1084:Robertson county
1069:
1066:
1051:William H. Crook
947:Hugh McCulloch,
855:Johnson's vetoes
685:Kentucky bourbon
681:sour mash whisky
653:John B. Brownlow
641:David Ross Locke
425:round the circle
239:
238:
173:Election of 1866
158:Ulysses S. Grant
139:
137:Buffalo Advocate
86:
83:
35:Samuel J. Reader
33:and folk artist
3507:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3412:
3369:
3318:
3289:Charles Johnson
3259:
3201:
3104:Alaska Purchase
3038:
2992:
2981:
2973:
2962:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2908:
2907:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2797:
2793:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2714:
2710:
2697:
2693:
2680:
2676:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2538:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2458:
2454:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2418:
2405:
2398:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2303:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2261:
2257:
2230:
2226:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2098:
2074:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1892:
1883:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1845:
1829:
1825:
1787:
1776:
1760:
1749:
1732:
1728:
1711:
1704:
1683:
1679:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1504:
1488:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1429:
1422:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1387:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1317:
1285:, Dec. 3, 1887)
1150:
1144:
1137:
1121:A. J. Patterson
1067:
1008:Charles A. Dana
900:of his habits."
894:Schuyler Colfax
866:Representative
847:
815:
809:
799:
796:
794:
792:
790:
789:
787:
785:
783:
743:
737:
728:crown of thorns
701:
630:
597:Harper's Weekly
559:
515:at the time of
511:âhe was in the
481:
339:Howard K. Beale
237:
218:Hannibal Hamlin
154:Franklin Pierce
146:
140:
134:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:Andrew Johnson
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3307:Robert Johnson
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Foreign policy
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3034:Kirkwood House
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Homestead Acts
3000:
2998:
2997:Pre-presidency
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2971:
2960:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:Andrew Johnson
2937:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2881:
2857:
2832:
2821:Newspapers.com
2808:
2791:
2766:
2754:
2729:
2708:
2691:
2674:
2645:
2628:
2611:
2599:The Tennessean
2586:
2561:
2532:
2512:
2498:978-0520977037
2497:
2479:
2472:
2452:
2416:
2396:
2352:
2324:
2301:
2280:
2274:978-1621572107
2273:
2255:
2244:(3): 212â234.
2224:
2213:
2193:
2169:
2145:
2121:
2096:
2077:DuBois, W.E.B.
2065:
2040:
2015:
1983:
1974:
1936:
1911:
1905:978-0393317428
1904:
1881:
1874:
1854:
1843:
1823:
1774:
1747:
1726:
1702:
1677:
1655:
1630:
1601:
1594:
1571:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1502:
1475:
1468:
1448:
1441:
1420:
1403:
1372:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1273:
1272:
1265:Southern Hotel
1257:
1246:
1242:Vice President
1238:
1231:
1219:
1208:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1119:in the 1890s)
1117:British Guinea
1109:
1102:Chauncey Depew
1098:
1058:
1048:
1033:
1026:
1019:
996:
995:
980:âinto that of
961:
945:
920:The Tennessean
915:
901:
883:
872:station master
846:
843:
829:published his
811:Main article:
808:
805:
780:
739:Main article:
736:
733:
732:
731:
716:
700:
697:
693:binge drinking
629:
626:
610:Eric McKitrick
558:
555:
551:Hans Trefousse
509:Robert Johnson
489:Robert Johnson
480:
477:
474:
473:
471:
468:
465:
459:
458:
456:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
428:
427:
421:
418:
415:
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:Fay W. Brabson
393:
392:
390:
387:
384:
378:
377:
374:
371:
365:
364:
362:
359:
356:
350:
349:
347:
344:
341:
335:
334:
331:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
296:
293:
287:
286:
284:
282:
279:
276:
270:
269:
267:
265:
262:
259:
257:James Schouler
253:
252:
251:Notes, quotes
249:
246:
243:
236:
233:
193:stump-speaking
189:Hans Trefousse
145:
142:
132:
97:Andrew Johnson
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3504:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3457:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Henry Johnson
3348:
3346:
3345:Dolly Johnson
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3313:Frank Johnson
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:Daniel Stover
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2890:Wise, John S.
2885:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2004:
2003:Public Ledger
2000:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1307:Maxwell House
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1062:
1061:Ben C. Truman
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
974:
973:Public Ledger
968:
967:
962:
959:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
932:
927:
923:
921:
916:
913:
909:
908:Gilbert Haven
905:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:
860:
856:
851:
842:
840:
834:
832:
831:Reminiscences
828:
819:
814:
804:
798:
778:
775:
773:
769:
761:
760:
755:
751:
747:
742:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:
710:
709:
708:
706:
696:
694:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
647:According to
642:
638:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
598:
593:
589:
587:
584:
580:
575:
570:
569:
564:
563:W.E.B. DuBois
554:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
490:
485:
472:
470:Inconclusive
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
439:Inconclusive
438:
435:
433:
432:Albert Castel
430:
429:
426:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
391:
388:
385:
383:
382:Milton Lomask
380:
379:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
285:
283:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
232:
230:
226:
223:
219:
214:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
138:
131:
129:
125:
119:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
80:
75:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:play on words
47:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:Lantern slide
23:
19:
3448:
3427:
3420:
3405:
3385:
3303:(son-in-law)
3285:(son-in-law)
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3206:Public image
3014:War Democrat
2894:
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2849:. Retrieved
2844:
2835:
2824:. Retrieved
2820:
2811:
2801:
2794:
2783:. Retrieved
2778:
2769:
2757:
2746:. Retrieved
2741:
2732:
2718:
2711:
2701:
2694:
2684:
2677:
2662:. Retrieved
2657:
2648:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2614:
2603:. Retrieved
2598:
2589:
2578:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2553:. Retrieved
2548:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2488:
2482:
2462:
2455:
2431:
2409:
2377:(1): 49â67.
2374:
2370:
2344:. Retrieved
2339:
2292:
2264:
2258:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2217:– via
2203:
2196:
2185:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2137:. Retrieved
2133:
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2084:
2057:. Retrieved
2052:
2043:
2032:. Retrieved
2027:
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
2002:
1977:
1952:
1948:
1928:. Retrieved
1923:
1914:
1895:
1864:
1857:
1847:– via
1833:
1826:
1793:
1767:
1736:
1729:
1715:
1687:
1680:
1670:
1647:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1585:
1554:
1547:
1527:
1520:
1492:
1458:
1451:
1432:
1415:Project MUSE
1413:– via
1408:. Retrieved
1392:
1364:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1326:Emily Harold
1291:John S. Wise
1280:
1241:
1234:
1222:
1200:Moses speech
1160:
1139:
1132:
972:
964:
958:intemperance
931:New York Sun
929:
918:
835:
830:
824:
801:
781:
776:
765:
757:
704:
702:
689:
676:
648:
646:
636:
617:
613:
602:
596:
586:first person
573:
566:
560:
549:
533:tuberculosis
498:
492:
274:Clifton Hall
215:
210:bacchanalian
184:
180:
168:
166:
147:
136:
121:
113:
92:
90:
66:
62:
58:
31:abolitionist
18:
3391:Mrs. Harold
3355:Sam Johnson
3335:Henry Brown
3229:Andy's Trip
2958:(1865â1869)
2551:. p. 3
2541:Col. Forney
1293:, a former
1235:Age of Hate
1157:Thomas Nast
1106:Mr. Harding
1068: 1913
1023:Carl Schurz
926:opium eater
713:bilge-water
677:necessarily
663:, with the
499:Given that
369:Peter Levin
225:Carl Schurz
162:impeachment
124:Jeff. Davis
85: 1874
3471:Categories
3297:(daughter)
3279:(daughter)
3175:Politics:
3044:Presidency
2900:HathiTrust
2875:2023-12-08
2851:2023-07-19
2826:2023-07-19
2785:2023-07-10
2748:2023-07-09
2724:HathiTrust
2664:2023-08-02
2605:2024-01-19
2580:2023-07-09
2555:2023-07-13
2507:2021060597
2346:2023-07-11
2187:2023-07-10
2163:2023-07-10
2139:2023-07-10
2134:InsideHook
2115:2023-07-30
2059:2023-06-26
2034:2023-06-27
2009:2023-07-10
1930:2023-06-16
1742:HathiTrust
1721:HathiTrust
1649:2023-07-09
1624:2023-05-07
1410:2023-07-30
1366:2023-05-08
1338:References
1138:Unsigned,
898:moderation
876:Washington
583:possessive
579:pronominal
541:Dan Stover
242:Historian
126:sober, or
79:Carl Giers
2441:cite book
2383:0040-3261
2250:0040-3261
1969:760067571
1961:1058-2126
1269:St. Louis
1205:demagogue
1125:my mother
1080:champagne
1041:abstainer
992:anathemas
880:St. Louis
665:fusil oil
354:Paul Buck
3455:Category
2892:(1906).
2391:42626422
2319:17764213
2311:88009668
2079:(1935).
1818:4578789M
1802:77151079
1792:(1972).
1765:(1930).
1693:ProQuest
1618:Archived
1512:93-70831
1360:Archived
1315:See also
1194:create."
1136:â
1113:Demarara
1072:cocktail
1055:slanders
1045:addicted
971:Memphis
874:between
521:laudanum
133:â
3374:Related
2841:"Tears"
1697:EP36186
1191:bourbon
1076:barroom
1016:tumbler
982:Nemesis
937:buncomb
928:as the
906:Bishop
762:, 1911)
724:License
525:Charles
175:" and "
101:alcohol
3323:Slaves
3273:(wife)
3264:Family
3256:(1942)
3248:(1867)
3240:(1867)
3232:(1866)
3139:Vetoes
2969:(1865)
2505:
2495:
2470:
2389:
2381:
2317:
2309:
2299:
2271:
2248:
2211:
1967:
1959:
1902:
1872:
1841:
1816:
1810:590545
1808:
1800:
1695:
1592:
1562:
1535:
1510:
1500:
1466:
1439:
1401:
1183:tailor
1175:ermine
1142:, 1862
574:seemed
179:" The
41:, LOC)
3315:(son)
3309:(son)
3291:(son)
3149:Trial
2387:JSTOR
1171:crown
1167:hater
661:still
529:Frank
467:2011
452:1989
436:1979
417:1961
401:1972
386:1960
373:1948
358:1938
343:1930
327:1930
311:1929
295:1928
278:1916
261:1906
61:with
55:Argus
3092:1868
3087:1867
3082:1866
2983:15th
2964:16th
2953:17th
2503:LCCN
2493:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2447:link
2379:ISSN
2315:OCLC
2307:LCCN
2297:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2246:ISSN
2209:ISBN
1965:OCLC
1957:ISSN
1900:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1806:OCLC
1798:LCCN
1590:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1508:LCCN
1498:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1297:and
1214:, a
1173:and
878:and
687:."
622:fall
581:and
527:and
281:Yes
245:Year
220:and
187:and
91:The
1267:at
455:No
404:No
330:No
314:No
298:No
264:No
164:."
59:eye
3473::
2868:.
2843:.
2819:.
2777:.
2740:.
2656:.
2597:.
2572:.
2547:.
2501:.
2443:}}
2439:{{
2419:^
2399:^
2385:.
2375:43
2373:.
2369:.
2355:^
2338:.
2327:^
2313:.
2305:.
2283:^
2242:11
2240:.
2236:.
2180:.
2156:.
2132:.
2108:.
2083:.
2068:^
2051:.
2026:.
2001:.
1986:^
1963:.
1953:73
1951:.
1939:^
1922:.
1884:^
1814:OL
1812:.
1804:.
1777:^
1750:^
1705:^
1658:^
1641:.
1612:.
1574:^
1506:.
1478:^
1423:^
1375:^
1354:.
1115:,
1065:c.
914:."
841:.
707::
695:.
389:?
376:?
361:?
346:?
82:c.
2933:e
2926:t
2919:v
2902:.
2878:.
2854:.
2829:.
2788:.
2726:.
2667:.
2608:.
2558:.
2509:.
2476:.
2449:)
2393:.
2349:.
2321:.
2277:.
2252:.
2221:.
2190:.
2166:.
2142:.
2118:.
2093:.
2037:.
1971:.
1908:.
1878:.
1851:.
1820:.
1744:.
1723:.
1699:.
1627:.
1598:.
1568:.
1541:.
1514:.
1472:.
1445:.
1417:.
1369:.
922:,
718:"
487:"
63:I
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
