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73:
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461:
Unable to make headway against their opponents, they applied for assistance to the
Spartans, who invaded Arcadia and forced the Arcadians to recall their troops from Elis. The general result of this war was the restoration of their territory to the Eleans, who were also again invested with the right of holding the Olympic games.
314:
The local form of the name was Valis, or Valeia, and its meaning, in all probability was, "the lowland" (compare with the word "valley"). In its physical constitution Elis is similar to Achaea and
Arcadia; its mountains are mere offshoots of the Arcadian highlands, and its principal rivers are fed by
460:
came to the assistance of the
Triphylians. In 366 BC, hostilities broke out between them, and though the Eleans were at first successful, they were soon overpowered; their capital very nearly fell into the hands of the enemy, and the territory of Triphylia was permanently ceded to Arcadia in 369 BC.
1094:
Oxford
Classical Dictionary, third edition. Electronic Edition. Author Oxford University Press Volume title Oxford Classical Dictionary - E Volume 05 Editor Hornblower, Simon and Antony Spawforth Publisher InteLex Corp. Publisher location Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. Published 2002 Print
402:
These people, amalgamating with the
Epeians, formed a powerful kingdom in the north of Elis. After this many changes took place in the political distribution of the country, till at length it came to acknowledge only three tribes, each independent of the others. These tribes were the Epeians,
424:, the judges of the Games, were of Elian origin. The attempts which the Pisatans made to recover their lost privilege, during a period of nearly two hundred years, ended at length in the total destruction of their city by the Eleans. From the time of this event in 572 BC until the
602:
Koilē Elis, the largest and most northern of the three, was watered by the river Peneus and its tributary, the Ladon. The district was famous during antiquity for its cattle and horses. Pisatis extended south from Koilē Elis to the right bank of the river
382:
for the first time in Greek history under the title of
Epeians (Epeii), as setting out for the Trojan War, and they are described by him as living in a state of constant hostility with their neighbours the Pylians. At the close of the 11th century BC the
1330:
Les
Inscriptions Éléennes Dialectales (VI-II siècle avant J.-C.). Volume I: Textes. Volume II: Grammaire et Vocabulaire Institutionnel. École Pratique des Hautes Études Sciences historiques et philogiques III. Hautes Études du Monde Gréco-Romain
407:
and Eleans. Before the end of the 8th century BC, however, the Eleans had vanquished both their rivals, and established their supremacy over the whole country. Among the other advantages which they thus gained was the right of celebrating the
646:
carried out further excavations under the direction of
Nikolaos Yalouris with Austrian participation. Some of the finds are exhibited in the local archaeological museum founded in 1981, for which a new building was built in 2003.
530:
7.4.16, 26). At some point in the mid-fourth century, democracy may have been restored; at least, we hear that a particularly narrow oligarchy was replaced by a new constitution designed by
Phormio of Elis, a student of
476:. When the whole of Greece fell to Rome, the sanctity of Olympia secured for the Eleans a certain amount of indulgence. The games still continued to attract large numbers of visitors, until they were finally ended by
654:, built over the ruins of the ancient town. It has one of the most well-preserved ancient theaters in Greece. Built in the fourth century BC, the theater had a capacity of 8,000 people; below it,
526:) could make and change laws. Robinson further believes that literary sources imply that Elis continued to be democratic until 365, when an oligarchic faction seems to have taken control (Xen.
635:, however it is unclear what the ancient sources mean by this, the city already existed in the same place before and there were separate communities in the region of Elis before and after.
550:. The Council initially had 500 members, but grew to 600 members by the end of the fifth century (Thuc. 5.47.9). There was also a range of public officials such as the
963:. Ed. M.H. Hansen. Acts of the Copenhagen Polis Centre 4. Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 75, 1997. 282-32
1095:
publisher
Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press Print publisher location Oxford: United Kingdom; New York, New York, USA Print volume published 1996
1024:
546:
The classical democracy at Elis seems to have functioned mainly through a popular Assembly and a Council, the two main institutions of most
1311:
1029:
311:—autonomous free non-citizens. Perioeci, unlike other Spartans, could travel freely between cities. Thus the polis of Elis was formed.
1177:
Hansen, Mogens Herman (1997). "The Polis as an Urban Centre: The Literary and Epigraphical Evidence". In Hansen, Mogens Herman (ed.).
1083:
607:, and was divided into eight departments named after as many towns. Triphylia stretched south from the Alpheios to the river Neda.
1355:
1366:
638:
The first excavations in Elis were carried out from 1910 to 1914 by the Austrian Archaeological Institute under the direction of
1277:
307:
controlled much of the region of Elis, most probably through unequal treaties with other cities; many inhabitants of Elis were
1204:
Donati, Jamieson C. (2015). "8 The Greek Agora in its Peloponnesian Context(s)". In Haggis, Donald; Antonaccio, Carla (eds.).
440:. But Sparta, jealous of the increasing prosperity of its ally, availed itself of the first pretext to pick a quarrel. At the
1339:
1142:
944:
917:
520:
has argued that Elis was a democracy by around 500 BC, on the basis of early inscriptions which suggest that the people (the
974:
936:
Ancient Greek Dialects and Early Authors: Introduction to the Dialect Mixture in Homer, with Notes on Lyric and Herodotus
452:. The Eleans made no attempt to re-establish their authority over these places until Thebes rose in importance after the
1188:
1114:
1068:
643:
468:
supremacy in Greece they sided with the victors, but refused to fight against their countrymen. After the death of
72:
907:
522:
249:
236:
1386:
639:
465:
441:
350:
516:. As punishment following the surrender of Athens, Elis was forced to surrender Triphylia in 399 BC
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were the worst in the whole world." And when he was asked again, according to the account given by
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726:
457:
444:, the Eleans fought against the Spartans, who later took vengeance upon them by depriving them of
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Nowadays Elis is a small village of 150 citizens located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) NE of
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39:
21:
8:
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in 323 BC they renounced the Macedonian alliance. At a subsequent period they joined the
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And when he was once asked by some one who were the wickedest people, he said, "That in
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Classical Archaeology in Context: Theory and Practice in Excavation in the Greek World
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1205:
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1110:
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623:) was the capital of the city state of Elis. It was located at the exit of the river
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453:
425:
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353:, most of the other buildings were related to the games, including two gymnasia, a
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The spirit of the games had influenced the formation of the market: apart from the
173:
144:
16:
This article is about the ancient region and city state. For the capital city, see
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1298:
1281:
1262:
Eder B. 2001, "Die submykenischen und protogeometrischen Graber von Elis", Athens
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473:
417:
334:—as Strabo notes—in 471 BC. Elis held authority over the site of Olympia and the
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82:
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dialects, one of the most difficult for the modern reader of epigraphic texts.
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was in Elian land, and tradition dates the first recorded games to 776 BC. The
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Mait Kõiv, Early History of Elis and Pisa: Invented or Evolving Traditions?
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who invaded there and subjugated the residents. The city of Elis underwent
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in 394 AD, two years before the utter destruction of the country by the
38:"Ilida" redirects here. For the municipality in Elis regional unit, see
1033:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 278.
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Democracy Beyond Athens: Popular Government in the Greek Classical Age
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Roy, J. (2002). "The Synoikism of Elis". In Nielsen, T. H. (ed.).
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from the Hellenic Ministry of Culture (archived 18 December 2005)
788:
784:
513:
404:
396:
384:
327:
27:"Eleans" redirects here. For the Greek colony Elea in Italy, see
1183:. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. p. 39.
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north of Kalyvia. It is said to have been founded in 471 BC by
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As described by Strabo, Elis was divided into three districts:
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The First Democracies: Early Popular Government Outside Athens
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297:. Over the course of the archaic and classical periods, the
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Strabo; trans. by H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer (1856).
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185:
512:. This was due to Spartan support for the independence of
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The Polis as an Urban Centre and as a Political Community
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The Polis as an Urban Centre and as a Political Community
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from the mountains into the plain in the area of today's
231:
176:
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126:
Ancient regions of Peloponnese (southern mainland Greece)
912:(new ed.). Harlow, England: Longman. p. 254.
508:
in an alliance against Sparta around 420 BC during the
877:) and other ancient lexica, Eleans are also listed as
1166:. Vol. II. London: Henry G. Bohn. pp. 7–34.
754:, king of Elis and leader of Eleans in the Trojan War
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412:, which had formerly been the prerogative of the
349:"citizen's council" met, which was in one of the
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1250:The Early and Middle Helladic Periods in Elis
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374:The original inhabitants of Elis were called
1061:Even More Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis
757:Thalpius, leader of Eleans in the Trojan War
1252:(PhD). Brandeis University. pp. 55–62.
1247:
188:
554:who regularly submitted to public audits.
428:, the peace of Elis remained undisturbed.
31:. For the Greek colony Elaea in Asia, see
1229:. Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)
1137:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1109:. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 108–111.
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1063:. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 249–264.
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378:and Paroreatae. They are mentioned by
322:, the first settlement was created by
1333:. Genève: Librairie Droz S.A., 2007.
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436:In the war, Elis sided at first with
1362:Elis – the city of the Olympic games
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741:, king of Elis related to the Fifth
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959:Roy, J. "The Perioikoi of Elis."
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1314:Commentary on Plato: Protagoras
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598:"Country of the Three Tribes").
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266:that corresponds to the modern
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843:were the worst; but that the
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20:. For the modern region, see
1160:"Chapter III. GREECE. ELIS."
562:
557:
500:, but the city state joined
262:) is an ancient district in
232:
7:
939:. De Gruyter. p. 185.
691:, 4th century BC equestrian
442:Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)
432:Peloponnesian War and later
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10:
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1133:Robinson, Eric W. (2011).
1105:Robinson, Eric W. (1997).
981:. Perseus Digital Library.
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710:mythological kings of Elis
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666:graves have been found.
642:. From 1960 to 1981 the
45:Region of Ancient Greece
1030:Encyclopædia Britannica
973:Smith, William (1854).
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456:(371 BC). However, the
357:, and the House of the
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863:he said, "The Eleans."
584:Pīsâtis (Πισᾶτις " of
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830:Stratonicus of Athens
781:–265 BC), philosopher
448:and the towns of the
268:regional unit of Elis
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1221:Matzanas, Christos.
817:Eleans as barbarians
577:"Hollow", Latinised
458:Arcadian confederacy
273:Elis is in southern
40:Ilida (municipality)
22:Elis (regional unit)
1164:Geography of Strabo
470:Alexander the Great
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1280:2007-09-19 at the
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615:The city of Elis (
581:), or Lowland Elis
539:1306a12-16; Plut.
315:Arcadian springs.
293:, and west by the
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1340:978-2-600-01130-3
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540:
536:
527:
521:
495:
463:
435:
422:Hellanodikai
401:
387:invaded the
373:
359:Hellanodikai
343:bouleuterion
340:
317:
313:
298:
272:
168:
138:
137:
100:Major cities
1084:Iliad 2.615
1049:Book 8.3.30
1046:Geographica
861:Thessalians
752:Amphimachus
640:Otto Walter
464:During the
389:Peloponnese
289:, south by
279:Peloponnese
221:Attic Greek
94:Peloponnese
18:Elis (city)
1376:Categories
853:barbarians
849:Hegesander
823:barbarians
811:philosophy
809:school of
807:Pyrrhonist
779: 339
594:(Τριφυλία
552:demiourgoi
478:Theodosius
466:Macedonian
295:Ionian Sea
285:, east by
62:Region of
1294:Athenaeus
869:Hesychius
857:Boeotians
837:Pamphylia
700:Salmoneus
674:Athletes
633:synoecism
596:Triphūlía
592:Triphylia
563:Districts
558:Geography
446:Triphylia
397:Aetolians
355:palaestra
332:synoecism
210:romanized
1278:Archived
1227:Odysseus
841:Phaselis
772:Alexinus
747:Heracles
714:Endymion
704:Aethlius
652:Amaliada
605:Alpheios
535:(Arist.
486:Alaric I
450:Acroreia
414:Pisatans
395:and the
376:Caucones
351:gymnasia
328:Aetolian
309:Perioeci
291:Messenia
254:ethnonym
250:/wâːlis/
237:/ɛ̂ːlis/
111:Dialects
90:Location
1233:16 July
1043:Strabo
1018::
859:or the
845:Sidetae
789:sophist
785:Hippias
727:Aetolus
625:Peneios
571:Koilē (
514:Lepreum
418:Olympia
385:Dorians
365:History
287:Arcadia
277:on the
259:Ϝᾱλείοι
212::
105:Olympia
83:Olympia
1338:
1316:, 341c
1187:
1141:
1113:
1067:
1012:
975:"Elis"
943:
916:
887:Aeolic
871:(s.v.
855:, the
803:Pyrrho
761:Oxylus
743:Labour
739:Augeas
722:Epeius
708:Pelops
548:poleis
506:Athens
498:Sparta
482:Gothic
438:Sparta
405:Minyae
393:Oxylus
324:Oxylus
320:Strabo
283:Achaea
275:Greece
264:Greece
103:Elis,
893:Notes
732:Paeon
579:Coele
574:Κοίλη
533:Plato
528:Hell.
523:dāmos
502:Argos
380:Homer
347:boule
300:polis
246:Ϝᾶλις
241:Elean
216:Ilida
205:Ήλιδα
201:Greek
169:Eleia
167:) or
115:Doric
29:Velia
1336:ISBN
1235:2021
1185:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1025:Elis
941:ISBN
914:ISBN
662:and
621:Ἦλις
611:City
586:Pisa
541:Mor.
537:Pol.
504:and
326:the
305:Elis
233:Ēlis
225:Ἦλις
139:Elis
55:Ἦλις
52:Elis
1356:Map
1027:".
867:In
745:of
1378::
1331:38
1296:.
1225:.
1162:.
1125:^
987:^
977:.
776:c.
706:,
702:,
658:,
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488:.
416:.
399:.
361:.
338:.
270:.
256::
252:,
243::
239:;
227:,
223::
219:,
207:,
203::
186:aɪ
151:iː
81:,
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1318:.
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1237:.
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1119:.
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922:.
774:(
685:.
199:(
195:/
192:ə
189:.
183:l
180:ˈ
177:ɪ
174:/
163:/
160:s
157:ɪ
154:l
148:ˈ
145:/
141:(
42:.
35:.
24:.
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