372:
356:
3986:
3996:
4006:
1101:
395:. Its council had religious authority and the power to pronounce punishments against offenders which ranged from fines to expulsion. They also had the ability to conduct sacred wars. The Amphictyonic League also set the rules of battle so as to protect sanctuaries and impose sentences on those who molested sanctuaries. All members were obliged to pledge themselves by an oath as reported by
109:(gate-assemblers), perhaps a reference to the local Gates of Hades, since Demeter was a chthonic goddess in her older local cults. The immediate dwellers-round were some small states, including Achaea-Phthiotis, that paved the way for the entry of the body of the rest Boeotian tribes which were living around Thessaly (
576:
The Oracle managed to become independent from the city of Krissa, to which the temple originally belonged. The people of Krissa then imposed a tax on those who were passing through their area to go to Delphi, causing strong complaints and reducing the resources of the Oracle. The
Amphictyony, having
128:
As a result of the war the
Anthelan body was known thenceforth as the Delphic Amphictyony and became the official overseer and military defender of the Delphic cult. A strange and revealing anti-Thessalian feeling appeared and a wall was built across the narrow defile at Thermopylae to keep the
247:
Historians have puzzled over the broader meanings of "alliance" in such early times. However, as George
Forrest notes, "large-scale associations lead more readily to contacts, to friendships and enmities at a distance than do little city-like units." This explains why
691:. However, the see of the Amphictyonic League was in Athens, the emperor's favorite city. Thus, it seems that the Amphictyony lost influence and came to an end, although we have no specific date for its actual cessation.
564:
The League doctrine required that no member would be entirely wiped out in war and no water supply of any member would be cut even in wartime. It did not prevent members from fighting about the dominance over the temples.
671:
was held in honour of the Greek victory against the Gauls. By 191 the League had 17 members but only the most dominant one had the two votes, when others had only one. The league continued to exist under the
573:
Originally a religious organization, the
Delphic Amphictyonic League became politically important in the 6th century BCE, when larger city-states began to use it to apply pressure to the lesser ones.
972:; the eighth-century date of Orchomenus' last access to the sea and the general agreement, following Strabo, that the league was a sea league, have affected the dating of the league.
754:
620:, Delphi became autonomous again. It is unlikely, however, that Phoecis remained in control of Delphi after members of the Boeotian League defeated Athens at the
608:
In 449-448 the
Phoecians, wanting to become masters of the sanctuary, marched against Delphi, but the Spartans sent an army and restored things, thus causing the
311:
that belonged: "And there was also a kind of amphictyonic league connected with this temple, a league of seven cities which shared in the sacrifice; they were
680:
incorporated the
Aenianes, Malians, Magnetians and Pythians with the Thessalians. Since the Dolopes had meanwhile vanished, he gave their vote to the city of
1051:
For a more detailed account of this conflict, see Donald Kagan (1969), The
Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, pp. 120–124, based largely on Thuc. 1.112-13.
198:
of that approximate date lists them. Those cities and islands that trembled and refused to offer themselves for the birthplace of Apollo when pregnant
301:–650. Before that date, there were virtually no remains at the site, which were not used more than sporadically. The island was known at one time as
765:
1133:
994:
That is, Sparta took the place of Prasïeis, which was conquered by Sparta shortly after the middle of the sixth century (Kelly 1966:119, noting
687:
The
Amphictyonic League gradually declined and in the 2nd century CE it was replaced by the Panhellenion, established by the Roman emperor
585:) against Krissa that lasted a decade, from 596 to 585 BCE. The result was the destruction of Krissa and the dedication of this country to
846:
667:. At this instance the Phoecians were also readmitted for having also participated at the defense of the region. In the 3rd century the
2733:
294:. Archaeology of the site suggested to Thomas Kelly that the sacred league was founded in the second quarter of the 7th century BCE,
271:. Twelve members would meet at specific times in the same sanctuary to keep religious festivals and conduct other matters as well.
236:
was the one in which most cities belonging to the rest of Greece were divided up into alliances with one side or the other." The
1069:
1065:
1083:
4118:
4042:
2121:
1105:
751:
1126:
664:
151:
and
Phoecians. This was made to be sung at a Boeotian festival at midsummer at the hottest time of the Dog Star, Sirius.
17:
4098:
2743:
2433:
2126:
2060:
2131:
2106:
790:
158:, is related to the members of the league and was broadened to refer to all Greeks when the myth of their patriarch,
136:
may reflect anti-Thessalian feeling after the First Sacred War. In this epic, a
Thessalian hero interfering with the
3940:
2689:
2116:
2111:
867:
in the Archaic period, was opposed to the birth of Apollo and obstructed Leto's parturition, according to the Hymn.
1007:
2583:
2443:
2438:
1715:
925:
objects found at the site related to a few ancient burials without connection to Poseidon. (Kelly 1966:115, 116).
3967:
2608:
2022:
1119:
415:
448:
Many different sources have noted eleven to thirteen founding populations. The list below is as enumerated by
3962:
3519:
3012:
2528:
2448:
2146:
1856:
889:
648:
4103:
3935:
2464:
1918:
616:, gave back to the Phoecians the rule of Delphi and the management of the Pythian Games. In 421, after the
762:
2990:
2598:
2474:
2136:
2090:
2045:
1821:
1510:
121:", which led to the defeat of the old priesthood and to a new control of the prosperity of the oracle at
85:
in the mid-7th century BC were already of considerable antiquity when the first written records emerged.
3529:
3651:
3524:
2657:
2652:
2628:
2538:
2055:
1153:
621:
4035:
4009:
3952:
2908:
2711:
2696:
2618:
2553:
1873:
1768:
1242:
1176:
2520:
2500:
1698:
1356:
4113:
4077:
2706:
2669:
2603:
2269:
2156:
4108:
3989:
3113:
2913:
2898:
2701:
2684:
2664:
2633:
2533:
2469:
2085:
2070:
2040:
2001:
1878:
1730:
1232:
663:, who had successfully defended the sanctuary as well as the rest of mainland Greece against the
114:
676:
but its authority was limited to the care of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. The Roman emperor
3947:
2950:
2721:
2679:
2613:
2578:
2030:
2014:
1710:
1651:
1500:
1495:
1028:
640:
259:
An amphictyony would survive as a form of religious organization enjoined to support specific
3999:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3193:
2883:
2623:
2593:
2548:
2543:
2174:
2141:
1943:
1848:
1834:
1490:
1361:
1325:
1040:
700:
526:
264:
371:
4028:
3471:
3465:
3451:
2935:
2893:
2865:
2750:
2563:
1793:
1589:
982:
836:
336:
260:
981:
That is, Argos took the place of Nauplia; the Argives destroyed Nauplia shortly after the
8:
4051:
3602:
3572:
2960:
2855:
2850:
2287:
1602:
1515:
1485:
1439:
1202:
1041:
An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece. By Henry Fynes Clinton, p. 92.
519:
244:
at some point between the late 8th century BC and the first half of the 7th century BC.
3819:
3716:
3622:
3266:
3183:
3071:
2573:
2397:
1913:
1893:
1750:
1621:
1505:
1300:
1227:
668:
419:
340:
211:
133:
814:
4067:
3995:
3894:
3481:
3030:
2878:
2830:
2674:
2643:
2588:
2505:
2382:
2254:
2075:
1908:
1861:
1801:
1675:
1657:
1633:
1615:
1570:
1525:
1520:
1171:
1074:
786:
726:
644:
635:
the Phoecians were expelled from the League in 346 and their two votes were given to
609:
441:, the common ancestor of all Hellenes. Representatives of the twelve members (called
256:
were at war with each other about 720–710, raising tensions among interested Greeks.
206:
for the cult of Apollo on Delos. The joint Ionian festival celebrated there was the
4072:
4062:
3824:
3356:
3321:
3138:
2995:
2873:
2760:
2755:
2080:
2035:
1866:
1773:
1389:
1222:
1207:
1197:
643:
used this power to further his expansionist policy in Greece. This ended up in the
632:
578:
207:
175:
118:
82:
3839:
3597:
3385:
3198:
2940:
2806:
2738:
2065:
1663:
1645:
1639:
1553:
1530:
1404:
1315:
1275:
1212:
922:
769:
758:
660:
617:
472:
3864:
3577:
355:
3721:
3661:
3656:
3612:
3393:
3341:
3331:
3311:
3301:
3045:
3040:
3035:
1888:
1687:
1681:
1669:
1469:
1444:
1217:
1142:
411:
305:(Εἰρήνη) ("Peace"), which is in reference to the amphictyony. Strabo lists the
39:
31:
402:
Based on legend, the Great Amphictyonic League was founded somewhat after the
4092:
3957:
3874:
3849:
3539:
3461:
3143:
3086:
2985:
2975:
2945:
2927:
2801:
1953:
1735:
1627:
1583:
1545:
1384:
1305:
841:
602:
427:
268:
237:
225:
191:
78:
850:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 885–886.
186:
An amphictyony consisting of polities under the aegis of Apollo's shrine at
3774:
3726:
3592:
3446:
3316:
2955:
2791:
2297:
2259:
1958:
673:
533:
379:
from Delphi, 336 BCE, issued in the name of Amphictyonic Council of Delphi
3794:
3686:
3666:
3494:
3002:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2888:
2845:
2392:
2302:
2292:
2179:
2169:
1933:
1310:
1285:
577:
exhausted all other means to peacefully resolve the crisis, declared the
557:
423:
283:
203:
3499:
651:(338 BCE), marking the final domination of the Macedonians over Greece.
3731:
3701:
3696:
3681:
3567:
3534:
3203:
3173:
2840:
2568:
2402:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2189:
2164:
1540:
1295:
1250:
876:
434:
403:
364:
221:
163:
3706:
3632:
3617:
3587:
3582:
3514:
3438:
3423:
3408:
3351:
3251:
2903:
2835:
2407:
2387:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2312:
2307:
2277:
2224:
2184:
1963:
1829:
1783:
1763:
1394:
1265:
995:
935:
705:
681:
605:
were held every four years, under the direction of the Amphictyons.
468:
449:
396:
316:
275:
195:
140:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3711:
3489:
3456:
3418:
3361:
3276:
3261:
3118:
3108:
3025:
3020:
2417:
2412:
2372:
2367:
2342:
2322:
2249:
2204:
2194:
2050:
1948:
1883:
1811:
1419:
677:
631:
Delphi, and another sacred war was declared against them. After a
613:
540:
512:
461:
457:
332:
287:
215:
144:
98:
70:
3509:
835:
3899:
3889:
3834:
3829:
3814:
3804:
3789:
3784:
3671:
3559:
3549:
3428:
3403:
3398:
3371:
3366:
3346:
3336:
3326:
3291:
3281:
3271:
3223:
3213:
3188:
3153:
3148:
3123:
2776:
2558:
2219:
2209:
1968:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1903:
1898:
1778:
1725:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1111:
969:
688:
636:
594:
495:
485:
478:
392:
328:
312:
279:
253:
249:
233:
229:
171:
167:
102:
74:
66:
3844:
3158:
430:
claimed that it had been founded in the most distant past by an
3869:
3799:
3779:
3741:
3607:
3413:
3306:
3243:
3233:
3178:
2796:
2781:
2377:
2362:
2337:
2332:
2317:
1978:
1973:
1740:
1720:
1464:
1454:
1449:
1320:
1280:
1270:
1255:
1100:
1024:
628:
598:
586:
551:
547:
505:
499:
489:
438:
431:
407:
388:
376:
360:
344:
324:
320:
291:
241:
159:
148:
137:
122:
58:
4020:
117:, the most remote locations, joined only during or after the "
3879:
3854:
3751:
3691:
3676:
3544:
3504:
3256:
3168:
3163:
3133:
3128:
3103:
2786:
2327:
2282:
2234:
1806:
1758:
1459:
1429:
1376:
1351:
1290:
1260:
864:
307:
187:
53:
43:
3884:
3859:
3809:
3296:
3286:
939:
860:
659:
In 279 the Delphic Amphictyony admitted as new members the
590:
199:
785:. Ernest Benn Ltd. London & Tonbridge pp. 72–73, 78.
383:
The least obscure and longest lasting amphictyony was the
359:
Amphictyonic law of Delphi (4th century BCE, marble, from
888:
Forrest, "Greece: The history of the archaic Period", in
406:, for the protection and administration of the temple of
214:
arose in the 4th century BC as an instrument of Athenian
612:. After the Spartans' departure, the Athenians, led by
445:) met in Thermopylae in spring and in Delphi in autumn.
263:
or sacred places. Traditional amphictyonies coordinated
833:
803:
The Archaic Greece. The Greek city states. 700-500 B.C.
178:, the previously-named Graeces were renamed Hellenes.
93:
The oldest religious Amphictyonic League was known as
783:
Archaic Greece. The Greek city states c. 700-500 B.C.
387:
that was organized to support the greater temples of
627:In 356 the Phoecians under Philomelos captured and
202:went to each in turn. The Homeric hymn presents an
147:, whose mortal father, Amphitryon, had for allies
190:was well-established in the seventh century. The
4090:
1347:
985:, of uncertain date in the mid-seventh century.
105:at Anthela. The twelve delegates were entitled
4036:
1127:
1086:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
97:because it was centered on the cult of the
27:Pre-polis type of ancient Greek confederacy
4043:
4029:
2013:
1134:
1120:
905:Thomas Kelly, "The Calaurian Amphictiony"
52:, was an ancient religious association of
1008:The Speeches of Aeschines, On the Embassy
896:(Oxford University Press, 1986) 1988:14f.
181:
370:
354:
88:
14:
4091:
3067:
724:
350:
77:cities to their north that formed the
4024:
3924:
3066:
2495:
1999:
1346:
1166:
1115:
343:paid dues for the Nauplians, and the
3535:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1167:
946:"Kalaunia" (Kelly 1966:118 note 45).
162:, was invented. In Greek mythology,
56:formed before the rise of the Greek
1075:Decrees of the Amphictyonic Council
892:, Jasper Griffin and Oswyn Murray,
24:
2496:
1141:
278:, an island close to the coast of
25:
4130:
1093:
274:An early amphictyony centered on
4004:
3994:
3985:
3984:
1099:
968:That is, "Minyan Orchomenus, in
894:Greece and the Hellenistic World
834:Botsford, George Willis (1911).
639:who had helped to defeat them.
4050:
4005:
1045:
1034:
1013:
1001:
988:
975:
962:
949:
928:
915:
907:American Journal of Archaeology
899:
228:when writing, "The war between
48:, a "league of neighbors"), or
882:
870:
854:
819:
808:
795:
775:
745:
718:
568:
143:is killed by a Boeotian hero,
13:
1:
1606:
1593:
1574:
1557:
1058:
295:
4119:Greek city-state federations
2734:Funeral and burial practices
1919:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1077:, in English translation at
815:Entry No 6: Graeces-Hellenes
69:cities of coastal southwest
7:
694:
622:Battle of Coronea (447 BCE)
166:was brother of Hellen, and
10:
4135:
2658:Greek Revival architecture
2000:
654:
44:
4099:Society of ancient Greece
4058:
3980:
3931:
3925:
3920:
3765:
3642:
3631:
3558:
3480:
3437:
3384:
3242:
3094:
3085:
3081:
3062:
3011:
2926:
2864:
2826:
2819:
2769:
2729:
2720:
2642:
2519:
2515:
2491:
2457:
2426:
2268:
2155:
2099:
2066:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2021:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1874:Antigonid Macedonian army
1847:
1820:
1792:
1749:
1706:
1697:
1539:
1478:
1375:
1371:
1342:
1241:
1190:
1186:
1162:
1149:
601:Pronaia. After this, the
224:made recollection of the
132:It is suggested that the
912:.2 (April 1966:113–121).
711:
647:which culminated in the
863:, notably worshiped at
847:Encyclopædia Britannica
827:Encyclopædia Britannica
781:L. H . Jeffery (1976).
772:. Archived 2009-10-31.
757:April 23, 2009, at the
2100:Artists & scholars
2015:List of ancient Greeks
1652:Second Athenian League
1501:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1326:Ancient Greek colonies
641:Philip II of Macedonia
380:
368:
182:Ancient Historiography
170:was son of his sister
3219:Sybaris on the Traeis
1944:Sacred Band of Thebes
1684:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
1198:Cycladic civilization
701:Calaurian Amphictyony
374:
358:
89:The First Amphictyony
2744:mythological figures
2465:Ancient Greek tribes
1590:Peloponnesian League
1108:at Wikimedia Commons
983:Second Messenian War
801:L.H.Jeferry (1976).
4104:Delphic amphictyony
2856:Tunnel of Eupalinos
2851:Theatre of Dionysus
2475:Ancient Macedonians
2091:Tyrants of Syracuse
1603:Amphictyonic League
1203:Minoan civilization
1106:Delphic Amphictyony
1064:Ancient Library on
837:"Amphictyony"
649:Battle of Chaeronea
464:(Αἰνιᾶνες, Οἰταῖοι)
385:Delphic Amphictyony
351:Delphic Amphictyony
347:for the Prasians."
337:Orchomenus Minyeius
174:. According to the
50:Amphictyonic League
18:Amphictyonic League
3530:Menestheus's Limin
3184:Pandosia (Lucania)
3072:Greek colonisation
2434:Athenian statesmen
2195:Diogenes of Sinope
2056:Kings of Macedonia
2046:Kings of Commagene
1914:Macedonian phalanx
1894:Hellenistic armies
1642:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1506:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1228:Hellenistic Greece
768:2009-10-29 at the
669:Soteria (festival)
381:
369:
212:Delian Amphictyony
134:Shield of Heracles
4086:
4085:
4078:Fourth Sacred War
4068:Second Sacred War
4018:
4017:
3976:
3975:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3482:Iberian Peninsula
3414:Lipara/Meligounis
3380:
3379:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3031:Cypriot syllabary
2922:
2921:
2831:Athenian Treasury
2815:
2814:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2076:Ptolemaic dynasty
2036:Archons of Athens
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1862:Athenian military
1843:
1842:
1676:League of Corinth
1658:Thessalian League
1634:Chalcidian League
1616:Acarnanian League
1526:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1104:Media related to
1084:"Amphictyones" –
934:In a fragment of
645:Fourth Sacred War
610:second Sacred War
508:Achaeans (Ἀχαιοί)
432:eponymous founder
416:temple of Demeter
129:Thessalians out.
16:(Redirected from
4126:
4073:Third Sacred War
4063:First Sacred War
4045:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4008:
4007:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3922:
3921:
3640:
3639:
3139:Heraclea Lucania
3092:
3091:
3083:
3082:
3064:
3063:
2824:
2823:
2756:Twelve Olympians
2727:
2726:
2517:
2516:
2493:
2492:
2081:Seleucid dynasty
2061:Kings of Paionia
2010:
2009:
1997:
1996:
1867:Scythian archers
1774:Graphe paranomon
1704:
1703:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1579:
1576:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1373:
1372:
1344:
1343:
1223:Classical Greece
1208:Mycenaean Greece
1188:
1187:
1164:
1163:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1023:).116; see also
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
992:
986:
979:
973:
966:
960:
953:
947:
932:
926:
919:
913:
903:
897:
886:
880:
874:
868:
858:
852:
851:
839:
823:
817:
812:
806:
799:
793:
779:
773:
749:
743:
742:
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738:
733:. Dictionary.com
722:
579:First Sacred War
300:
297:
176:Parian Chronicle
119:First Sacred War
47:
46:
21:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4114:Iron Age Greece
4089:
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4087:
4082:
4054:
4049:
4019:
4014:
3972:
3927:
3904:
3767:
3761:
3644:
3635:
3627:
3598:Melaina Korkyra
3554:
3476:
3433:
3386:Aeolian Islands
3376:
3238:
3096:
3077:
3076:
3050:
3007:
2918:
2860:
2811:
2765:
2716:
2638:
2629:Wedding customs
2511:
2510:
2479:
2470:Thracian Greeks
2453:
2444:Olympic victors
2422:
2264:
2151:
2095:
2086:Kings of Sparta
2071:Kings of Pontus
2041:Kings of Athens
2017:
2004:
1983:
1879:Army of Macedon
1839:
1816:
1788:
1745:
1693:
1666:(370–c. 230 BC)
1664:Arcadian League
1648:(c. 400–188 BC)
1646:Aetolian League
1640:Boeotian League
1622:Hellenic League
1609:
1596:
1586:(c. 650–404 BC)
1577:
1571:Italiote League
1564:
1560:
1554:Doric Hexapolis
1544:
1535:
1531:Seleucid Empire
1474:
1367:
1366:
1330:
1237:
1213:Greek Dark Ages
1182:
1181:
1158:
1145:
1140:
1096:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1019:Aeschines, ii (
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
993:
989:
980:
976:
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916:
904:
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883:
875:
871:
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770:Wayback Machine
759:Wayback Machine
750:
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736:
734:
723:
719:
714:
697:
661:Aetolian League
657:
618:Peace of Nicias
571:
422:(Ἀνθήλη), near
353:
339:; however, the
298:
290:, was noted by
184:
113:). Boeotia and
91:
73:and the twelve
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Archaic Greece
4106:
4101:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4055:
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3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
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3679:
3674:
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3654:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
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3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
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3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
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3459:
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3435:
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3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
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3382:
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3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Megara Hyblaea
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Hybla Gereatis
3309:
3304:
3302:Heraclea Minoa
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
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3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
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3098:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3046:Attic numerals
3043:
3041:Greek numerals
3038:
3036:Greek alphabet
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2938:
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2923:
2920:
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2881:
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2838:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2813:
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2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
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2779:
2773:
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2753:
2748:
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2746:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2690:Musical system
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Mathematicians
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2031:Kings of Argos
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1889:Cretan archers
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1688:Achaean League
1685:
1682:Euboean League
1679:
1673:
1670:Epirote League
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1618:(c. 500–31 BC)
1613:
1600:
1587:
1581:
1568:
1550:
1548:
1546:Confederations
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1470:Lissus (Crete)
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1218:Archaic Greece
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:Ancient Greece
1139:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1094:External links
1092:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1033:
1027:, ix.3.7, and
1021:On the embassy
1012:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
948:
927:
914:
898:
881:
869:
853:
842:Chisholm, Hugh
818:
807:
794:
774:
744:
716:
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
703:
696:
693:
656:
653:
570:
567:
562:
561:
554:
544:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
492:
482:
475:
465:
352:
349:
345:Lacedaemonians
286:and sacred to
240:was fought in
183:
180:
90:
87:
32:Archaic Greece
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4131:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
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4097:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4076:
4074:
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3808:
3806:
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3548:
3546:
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3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Hemeroscopion
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Magna Graecia
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:Arcadocypriot
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2914:Zeus, Olympia
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Hera, Olympia
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
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2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
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2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Mount Olympus
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:Sacred places
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2735:
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2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
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2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Olympic Games
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Homosexuality
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
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2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
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2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
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2110:
2108:
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2098:
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2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Seleucid army
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
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1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:Delian League
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:Ionian League
1582:
1572:
1569:
1565: 560 BC
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
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1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Magna Graecia
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
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1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
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1199:
1196:
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1189:
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1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
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1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Hieromnemones
1067:
1063:
1062:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1004:
997:
991:
984:
978:
971:
965:
958:
952:
945:
941:
937:
931:
924:
918:
911:
908:
902:
895:
891:
890:John Boardman
885:
878:
873:
866:
862:
857:
849:
848:
843:
838:
832:
828:
822:
816:
811:
804:
798:
792:
791:0-510-03271-0
788:
784:
778:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
753:
748:
732:
728:
727:"Amphictyony"
721:
717:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
692:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
603:Pythian Games
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
574:
566:
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
528:
524:
521:
517:
514:
510:
507:
503:
501:
497:
493:
491:
488:(Δωριείς) of
487:
483:
480:
476:
474:
471:(Βοιωτοί) of
470:
466:
463:
459:
455:
454:
453:
451:
446:
444:
443:hieromnemones
440:
437:, brother of
436:
433:
429:
428:founding myth
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
373:
366:
363:, now in the
362:
357:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:
304:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
269:Pythian Games
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
245:
243:
239:
238:Lelantine War
235:
231:
227:
226:Lelantine War
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Delian Apollo
193:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
86:
84:
80:
79:Ionian League
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
60:
55:
51:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3805:Dionysopolis
3775:Abonoteichos
3727:Pantikapaion
3317:Hybla Heraea
2653:Architecture
2609:Prostitution
2298:Aristophanes
2157:Philosophers
2127:Philosophers
1959:Spartan army
1690:(280–146 BC)
1678:(338–322 BC)
1672:(370–168 BC)
1660:(374–196 BC)
1654:(378–355 BC)
1636:(430–348 BC)
1630:(478–404 BC)
1624:(499–449 BC)
1311:Peloponnesus
1233:Roman Greece
1085:
1078:
1066:Amphictyones
1047:
1036:
1020:
1015:
1003:
990:
977:
964:
956:
951:
943:
930:
917:
909:
906:
901:
893:
884:
872:
856:
845:
830:
826:
821:
810:
802:
797:
782:
777:
747:
735:. Retrieved
730:
725:Definition.
720:
686:
674:Roman Empire
658:
633:ten-year war
626:
607:
583:Cirrhean War
582:
575:
572:
563:
550:(Πύθιοι) of
534:Perrhaebians
447:
442:
401:
384:
382:
306:
302:
273:
258:
246:
220:
192:Homeric Hymn
185:
155:
153:
131:
127:
110:
106:
94:
92:
64:
57:
49:
35:
29:
4052:Sacred Wars
3953:Place names
3865:Salmydessus
3687:Kalos Limen
3667:Chersonesus
3657:Borysthenes
3362:Tauromenion
3174:Metapontion
2936:Proto-Greek
2889:Erechtheion
2884:Athena Nike
2846:Philippeion
2675:Mathematics
2646:and science
2529:Agriculture
2393:Stesichorus
2303:Bacchylides
2293:Archilochus
2180:Antisthenes
2170:Anaximander
2142:Seven Sages
2132:Playwrights
2112:Geographers
2107:Astronomers
1934:Pezhetairos
1561: 1100
1541:Federations
1440:Megalopolis
1377:City states
1352:City states
1079:attalus.org
938:and in the
752:History.com
637:Macedonians
569:Sacred Wars
558:Thessalians
536:(Περραιβοί)
498:(Ἴωνες) of
424:Thermopylae
284:Peloponnese
204:origin myth
45:ἀμφικτυονία
36:amphictyony
4093:Categories
3855:Polemonion
3732:Phanagoria
3702:Kimmerikon
3697:Kerkinitis
3682:Hermonassa
3672:Dioscurias
3568:Aspalathos
3515:Kalathousa
3490:Akra Leuke
3419:Phoenicusa
3204:Scylletium
3189:Poseidonia
3109:Brentesion
2996:Pamphylian
2991:Macedonian
2909:Samothrace
2894:Hephaestus
2841:Long Walls
2820:Structures
2761:Underworld
2707:Technology
2670:Literature
2604:Philosophy
2569:Euergetism
2458:By culture
2403:Thucydides
2245:Pythagoras
2240:Protagoras
2230:Parmenides
2215:Heraclitus
2200:Empedocles
2190:Democritus
2175:Anaximenes
2165:Anaxagoras
2117:Historians
1610: 595
1597: 550
1578: 800
1563: – c.
1491:Cappadocia
1296:Ionian Sea
1286:Hellespont
1251:Aegean Sea
1059:References
1031:, x.8.2–5.
879:, I 15, 3.
877:Thucydides
829:, 11 ed.,
560:(Θεσσαλοί)
522:(Μάγνητες)
520:Magnesians
435:Amphictyon
404:Trojan War
299: 680
222:Thucydides
164:Amphictyon
83:Meliac war
3941:in Epirus
3890:Trapezous
3835:Mesambria
3820:Eupatoria
3790:Apollonia
3785:Anchialos
3747:Theodosia
3717:Nymphaion
3707:Myrmekion
3677:Gorgippia
3633:Black Sea
3618:Tragurion
3603:Nymphaion
3588:Epidauros
3583:Epidamnos
3573:Apollonia
3550:Zacynthos
3472:Ptolemais
3466:Apollonia
3439:Cyrenaica
3429:Therassía
3424:Strongyle
3404:Ereikousa
3327:Leontinoi
3267:Apollonia
3144:Hipponion
2941:Mycenaean
2904:Parthenon
2836:Lion Gate
2739:Mythology
2702:Sculpture
2665:Astronomy
2599:Pederasty
2574:Festivals
2559:Education
2439:Lawgivers
2408:Timocreon
2388:Sophocles
2383:Simonides
2358:Philocles
2353:Panyassis
2348:Mimnermus
2313:Herodotus
2308:Euripides
2278:Aeschylus
2225:Leucippus
2185:Aristotle
1964:Strategos
1830:Synedrion
1784:Ostracism
1764:Areopagus
1716:Free city
1511:Macedonia
1395:Byzantion
1301:Macedonia
1266:Cyrenaica
1243:Geography
1177:Geography
1029:Pausanias
996:Herodotus
959:viii.6.14
957:Geography
936:Aristotle
923:Mycenaean
706:Panionium
682:Nicopolis
541:Phoecians
529:(Μαλιεῖς)
515:(Λοκροί)
481:(Δόλοπες)
469:Boeotians
450:Aeschines
397:Aeschines
333:Nauplïeis
317:Epidaurus
276:Kalaureia
154:The name
141:sanctuary
111:perioikoi
107:Pylagorai
95:Anthelian
3990:Category
3968:Theatres
3895:Tripolis
3830:Kerasous
3825:Heraclea
3757:Tyritake
3712:Nikonion
3623:Thronion
3545:Salauris
3500:Emporion
3457:Berenice
3447:Balagrae
3399:Euonymos
3372:Tyndaris
3357:Syracuse
3352:Selinous
3322:Kamarina
3277:Casmenae
3262:Akrillai
3179:Neápolis
3114:Caulonia
3095:Mainland
3026:Linear B
3021:Linear A
2951:Dialects
2928:Language
2722:Religion
2680:Medicine
2614:Religion
2579:Folklore
2564:Emporium
2539:Clothing
2534:Calendar
2418:Xenophon
2413:Tyrtaeus
2398:Theognis
2373:Polybius
2368:Plutarch
2343:Menander
2323:Hipponax
2250:Socrates
2205:Epicurus
2051:Diadochi
1949:Sciritae
1909:Hetairoi
1884:Ballista
1849:Military
1812:Gerousia
1802:Ekklesia
1769:Ecclesia
1751:Athenian
1699:Politics
1612:–279 BC)
1599:–366 BC)
1580:–389 BC)
1516:Pergamon
1486:Bithynia
1479:Kingdoms
1420:Pergamon
1362:Military
1357:Politics
1154:Timeline
1010:(p. 245)
955:Strabo,
766:Archived
755:Archived
695:See also
678:Augustus
614:Pericles
548:Pythians
543:(Φωκεῖς)
513:Locrians
462:Oetaeans
458:Aenianes
329:Prasïeis
313:Hermione
288:Poseidon
216:hegemony
156:Hellenes
149:Locrians
145:Heracles
138:Phoecian
101:goddess
99:chthonic
81:after a
71:Anatolia
65:The six
4010:Outline
3963:Temples
3900:Zaliche
3880:Thèrmae
3870:Sesamus
3840:Odessos
3815:Cytorus
3810:Cotyora
3560:Illyria
3525:Mainake
3520:Kypsela
3409:Hycesia
3367:Thermae
3347:Segesta
3337:Messana
3292:Helorus
3272:Calacte
3252:Akragas
3214:Sybaris
3199:Rhegion
3154:Krimisa
3104:Alision
3013:Writing
2986:Locrian
2976:Epirote
2946:Homeric
2879:Artemis
2866:Temples
2807:Olympia
2777:Eleusis
2712:Theatre
2697:Pottery
2624:Warfare
2619:Slavery
2554:Economy
2549:Cuisine
2544:Coinage
2521:Society
2506:Culture
2501:Society
2449:Tyrants
2288:Alcaeus
2270:Authors
2220:Hypatia
2210:Gorgias
2147:Writers
1969:Toxotai
1939:Sarissa
1929:Peltast
1924:Phalanx
1904:Hoplite
1899:Hippeis
1822:Macedon
1794:Spartan
1779:Heliaia
1726:Proxeny
1435:Larissa
1430:Kerkyra
1425:Eretria
1415:Miletus
1410:Ephesus
1405:Corinth
1400:Chalcis
1321:Taurica
1191:Periods
1172:History
998:, i.82)
970:Boeotia
844:(ed.).
763:Encarta
737:5 April
689:Hadrian
655:Decline
595:Artemis
527:Malians
506:Phthian
496:Ionians
486:Dorians
479:Dolopes
420:Anthela
393:Demeter
375:Silver
341:Argives
282:in the
280:Troezen
265:Olympic
261:temples
254:Assyria
250:Phrygia
234:Eretria
230:Chalcis
172:Pandora
168:Graecus
103:Demeter
4000:Portal
3948:People
3936:Cities
3875:Sinope
3860:Rhizos
3850:Phasis
3800:Bathus
3795:Athina
3780:Amisos
3742:Tanais
3737:Pityus
3662:Charax
3613:Pharos
3608:Orikon
3505:Helike
3495:Alonis
3462:Cyrene
3394:Didyme
3307:Himera
3282:Catana
3244:Sicily
3234:Thurii
3229:Terina
3194:Pixous
3149:Hydrus
3124:Croton
2956:Aeolic
2874:Aphaea
2797:Dodona
2782:Delphi
2751:Temple
2427:Others
2378:Sappho
2363:Pindar
2338:Lucian
2333:Ibycus
2318:Hesiod
2255:Thales
2023:Rulers
2002:People
1979:Xyston
1974:Xiphos
1835:Koinon
1741:Tyrant
1731:Stasis
1721:Koinon
1521:Pontus
1496:Epirus
1465:Sparta
1455:Rhodes
1450:Megara
1445:Thebes
1390:Athens
1316:Pontus
1281:Epirus
1271:Cyprus
1256:Aeolis
1088:(1890)
1025:Strabo
940:Suidas
805:, p.74
789:
629:looted
599:Athena
597:, and
587:Apollo
552:Delphi
500:Athens
490:Sparta
473:Thebes
439:Hellen
426:. The
412:Delphi
408:Apollo
389:Apollo
377:stater
365:Louvre
361:Aegina
335:, and
325:Athens
321:Aegina
303:Eirene
292:Strabo
242:Euboea
210:. The
160:Hellen
123:Delphi
115:Phocis
75:Ionian
67:Dorian
54:tribes
3958:Stoae
3926:Lists
3845:Oinòe
3768:coast
3766:South
3752:Tyras
3722:Olbia
3692:Kepoi
3645:coast
3643:North
3636:basin
3578:Aulon
3540:Rhode
3452:Barca
3342:Naxos
3297:Henna
3257:Akrai
3224:Taras
3209:Siris
3169:Medma
3164:Locri
3129:Cumae
3119:Chone
3097:Italy
3003:Koine
2981:Ionic
2971:Doric
2966:Attic
2787:Delos
2685:Music
2328:Homer
2283:Aesop
2235:Plato
2137:Poets
1807:Ephor
1759:Agora
1736:Tagus
1711:Boule
1460:Samos
1385:Argos
1291:Ionia
1276:Doris
1261:Crete
921:Some
865:Samos
840:. In
712:Notes
665:Gauls
308:polis
208:Delia
188:Delos
59:polis
40:Greek
34:, an
3885:Tium
3652:Akra
3593:Issa
3287:Gela
3159:Laüs
3134:Elea
2792:Dion
2644:Arts
2634:Wine
2260:Zeno
1857:Wars
1068:and
944:s.v.
861:Hera
831:s.v.
825:Cf.
787:ISBN
739:2014
731:2014
591:Leto
581:(or
556:The
546:The
539:The
532:The
525:The
518:The
511:The
504:The
494:The
484:The
477:The
467:The
456:The
414:and
391:and
267:and
252:and
232:and
200:Leto
2589:Law
684:.
460:or
418:in
410:in
194:to
30:In
4095::
1607:c.
1594:c.
1575:c.
1558:c.
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