603:
390:
3249:
3353:
3332:
3287:
3270:
92:
3315:
658:
3207:
8185:
409:), which are extended to a certain length and then retracted, either for the purpose of locomotion or food intake. A cell may also form multiple indeterminate pseudopodia, through which the entire contents of the cell flow in the direction of locomotion. These are more or less tubular and are mostly filled with granular endoplasm. The cell mass flows into a leading pseudopod, and the others ultimately retract, unless the organism changes direction.
3232:
70:
573:
405:, and a clear outer layer, called ectoplasm. During locomotion, the endoplasm flows forwards and the ectoplasm runs backwards along the outside of the cell. In motion, many amoebozoans have a clearly defined anterior and posterior and may assume a "monopodial" form, with the entire cell functioning as a single pseudopod. Large pseudopods may produce numerous clear projections called subpseudopodia (or determinate
735:
685:
715:
812:. However, while the close relationship between Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta is robustly supported, recent work has shown that the hypothesis of a uniciliate ancestor is probably false. In their Revised Classification of Eukaryotes (2012), Adl et al. proposed Amorphea as a more suitable name for a clade of approximately the same composition, a sister group to the
3561:
Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG,
869:
and Chao in 1996 suggested that the remaining lobosans do form a monophyletic group, to which the
Archamoebae and Mycetozoa were closely related, although the percolozoans were not. Subsequently, they emended the phylum Amoebozoa to include both the subphylum Lobosa and a new subphylum
807:
lead to the hypothesis that they form a distinct clade. Thomas
Cavalier-Smith proposed the name "unikonts" (formally, Unikonta) for this branch, whose members were believed to have been descended from a common ancestor possessing a single emergent flagellum rooted in one
3123:. For treatment to be effective against all stages of the amoeba may require a combination of medications. Infections without symptoms do not require treatment but infected individuals can spread the parasite to others and treatment can be considered. Treatment of other
881:
Recent molecular genetic data appear to support this primary division of the
Amoebozoa into Lobosa and Conosa. The former, as defined by Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators, consists largely of the classic Lobosea: non-flagellated amoebae with blunt, lobose pseudopods
3080:. The preferred diagnostic method is through faecal examination under microscope, but requires a skilled microscopist and may not be reliable when excluding infection. This method however may not be able to separate between specific types.
461:
within which they may be digested and absorbed. Some amoebozoans have a posterior bulb called a uroid, which may serve to accumulate waste, periodically detaching from the rest of the cell. When food is scarce, most species can form
349:, which have a macroscopic, multicellular stage of life during which individual amoeboid cells remain together after multiple cell division to form a macroscopic plasmodium or, in cellular slime molds, aggregate to form one.
2944:. The DNA pairing and strand exchange reactions are enhanced by the eukaryotic meiosis-specific recombination accessory factor (heterodimer) Hop2-Mnd1. These processes are central to meiotic recombination, suggesting that
3562:
Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q (2019).
3146:
is more common in certain areas and symptomatic cases may be fewer than previously reported. The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875 and in 1891 the disease was described in detail, resulting in the terms
3944:
Zhulidov DA, Robarts RD, Zhulidov AV, Zhulidova OV, Markelov DA, Rusanov VA, Headley JV (2002). "Zinc accumulation by the slime mold Fuligo septica (L.) Wiggers in the former Soviet Union and North Korea".
3885:
Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-06-11).
890:). The latter is made up of both amoeboid and flagellated cells, characteristically with more pointed or slightly branching subpseudopodia (Archamoebae and the Mycetozoan slime molds).
4064:"Examining the Relationship Between the Testate Amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Arcellinida, Amoebozoa) and its Associated Intracellular Microalgae Using Molecular and Microscopic Methods"
466:, which may be carried aerially and introduce them to new environments. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or
4312:"187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution"
4426:
Leontyev, Dmitry V.; Schnittler, Martin; Stephenson, Steven L.; Novozhilov, Yuri K.; Shchepin, Oleg N. (March 2019). "Towards a phylogenetic classification of the
Myxomycetes".
401:
Amoebozoa is a large and diverse group, but certain features are common to many of its members. The amoebozoan cell is typically divided into a granular central mass, called
2761:
898:
From older studies by
Cavalier-Smith, Chao & Lewis 2016 and Silar 2016. Also recent phylogeny indicates the Lobosa are paraphyletic: Conosa is sister of the Cutosea.
4015:"Characterization of a green Stentor with symbiotic algae growing in an extremely oligotrophic environment and storing large amounts of starch granules in its cytoplasm"
2773:
2767:
2777:
come from rocks 750 million years old. All three VSMs share a hemispherical shape, invaginated aperture, and regular indentations, that strongly resemble modern
7832:
298:
as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and
Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level
7824:
4387:"First multigene analysis of Archamoebae (Amoebozoa: Conosa) robustly reveals its phylogeny and shows that Entamoebidae represents a deep lineage of the group"
2656:
2971:
is enhanced. Expression of genes with functions related to the major steps of meiotic recombination also increased during encystations. These findings in
7811:
7691:
7523:
7072:
6590:
6585:
4062:
Weiner, Agnes K.M.; Cullison, Billie; Date, Shailesh V.; Tyml, Tomáš; Volland, Jean-Marie; Woyke, Tanja; Katz, Laura A.; Sleith, Robin S. (February 2022).
2647:
2578:
2540:
1656:
7668:
6846:
6839:
3095:
measures. There is no vaccine. There are two treatment options depending on the location of the infection. Amoebiasis in tissues is treated with either
8113:
7882:
7627:
7622:
6797:
4259:
Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE (December 1996). "Molecular phylogeny of the free-living archezoan
Trepomonas agilis and the nature of the first eukaryote".
2694:
1861:
4932:
7959:
7908:
7842:
7604:
7528:
7513:
7031:
6186:
2665:
2471:
1539:
602:
8729:
8127:
7931:
7900:
7744:
7633:
7599:
7591:
6955:
6720:
6191:
3248:
2703:
2616:
2500:
1883:
1750:
1610:
824:
in a proposed clade called
Opimoda, which comprises one of two major lineages diverging at the root of the eukaryote tree of life, the other being
8071:
7721:
7462:
7146:
8155:
8022:
7970:
7873:
7713:
7535:
7518:
6853:
6692:
6671:
6629:
6595:
6049:
2685:
2596:
2587:
2219:
2063:
1727:
1207:
389:
9344:
8120:
8085:
8043:
7704:
7503:
7476:
7469:
7455:
7448:
7428:
7414:
7046:
6713:
2453:
2426:
1502:
1480:
131:
8221:
8148:
8057:
7735:
7640:
7483:
6755:
6664:
2607:
2462:
2248:
1524:
1235:
548:
to animals and fungi, diverging from this lineage after it had split from the other groups, as illustrated below in a simplified diagram:
7770:
6622:
3076:
can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. It is important to differentiate between amoebiasis and
3286:
352:
Amoebozoa vary greatly in size. Some are only 10–20 μm in diameter, while others are among the largest protozoa. The well-known species
8029:
6608:
6601:
438:, equipped with a single aperture through which the pseudopods emerge. Arcellinid tests may be secreted from organic materials, as in
4787:
3352:
8036:
6762:
6488:
2239:
1225:
9318:
2994:
diverged early from the eukaryotic family tree, these results also suggest that meiosis was present early in eukaryotic evolution.
2168:
1131:
3385:
The oldest fossils are dated at 800 Mya, but molecular clocks estimate the divergence time of
Amoebozoa between 1624 and 1384 Mya.
8435:
3064:. If the parasite reaches the bloodstream it can spread through the body, most frequently ending up in the liver where it causes
3424:"Vase-shaped microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Chuar Group, Grand Canyon: a classification guided by modern testate amoebae"
4895:
4857:
4832:
4595:"Entamoeba histolytica Dmc1 Catalyzes Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange That Is Stimulated by Calcium and Hop2-Mnd1"
4521:
4369:
3997:
6287:
4997:
2964:
8300:
8279:
4184:
3331:
4461:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
3314:
9403:
9349:
8214:
6320:
5031:
4593:
Kelso AA, Say AF, Sharma D, Ledford LL, Turchick A, Saski CA, King AV, Attaway CC, Temesvari LA, Sehorn MG (2015).
3269:
9446:
8244:
6315:
5026:
334:. Free-living species are common in both salt and freshwater as well as soil, moss and leaf litter. Some live as
3442:
3195:. The reason these species haven't been differentiated until recently is because of the reliance on appearance.
3159:
volunteers developed the disease. It has been known since 1897 that at least one non-disease-causing species of
267:. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked "
3138:
and these result in the death of between 40,000–110,000 people every year. Most infections are now ascribed to
4352:
8338:
6399:
6389:
6372:
5110:
5100:
5083:
4504:
Porter SM (2006). "The
Proterozoic Fossil Record of Heterotrophic Eukaryotes". In Xiao S, Kaufman AJ (eds.).
3206:
4940:
3042:
375:
may be several millimetres in length, and some multicellular amoebozoa, such as the "dog vomit" slime mold
359:
which may reach 800 ÎĽm in length, is often studied in schools and laboratories as a representative cell or
3231:
9256:
8428:
8207:
3728:"CBOL protist working group: barcoding eukaryotic richness beyond the animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms"
3423:
509:. The flagellum is generally anchored by a cone of microtubules, suggesting a close relationship to the
4657:"Homologous recombination occurs in Entamoeba and is enhanced during growth stress and stage conversion"
3134:
Amoebiasis is present all over the world. About 480 million people are infected with what appears to be
3782:
Cavalier-Smith T, Fiore-Donno AM, Chao E, Kudryavtsev A, Berney C, Snell EA, Lewis R (February 2015).
91:
9408:
9359:
8572:
9310:
4113:
Eichinger L, Pachebat JA, Glöckner G, Rajandream MA, Sucgang R, Berriman M, et al. (May 2005).
3175:
was two species, despite this having first been proposed in 1925. In addition to the now-recognized
3005:, also known as amebiasis or entamoebiasis, is an infection caused by any of the amoebozoans of the
345:
While the majority of amoebozoan species are unicellular, the group also includes several clades of
3359:
2968:
2937:
2907:
850:, but these were considered to be unnatural groups. Structural and genetic studies identified the
9441:
8657:
8294:
6404:
6280:
5115:
4990:
4200:
Derelle R, Torruella G, Klimeš V, Brinkmann H, Kim E, Vlček Č, Lang BF, Eliáš M (February 2015).
3065:
2852:
2823:
858:
their representatives were separate from other amoebae, and appeared to diverge near the base of
9385:
9209:
8421:
8284:
8269:
4174:
3989:
3120:
2933:
4385:
Pánek T, ZadrobĂlková E, Walker G, Brown MW, Gentekaki E, Hroudová M, et al. (May 2016).
457:, in which the cell surrounds potential food particles with its pseudopods, sealing them into
9395:
9380:
9372:
8885:
8535:
8393:
8383:
8367:
6367:
5078:
3616:
Kang S, Tice AK, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Cepicka I, et al. (September 2017).
3293:
3187:
3013:
2920:
2809:
866:
330:
itself. Species of Amoebozoa may be either shelled (testate) or naked, and cells may possess
138:
3858:
Cavalier-Smith T (2003). "Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa".
9279:
8550:
8401:
8388:
8305:
8274:
4795:
4668:
4606:
4508:. Topics in Geobiology. Vol. 27. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. pp. 1–21.
4268:
4213:
4126:
3726:
Pawlowski J, Audic S, Adl S, Bass D, Belbahri L, Berney C, et al. (November 6, 2012).
3469:
3458:"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"
268:
8:
9247:
5893:
5677:
4958:
534:
8413:
4672:
4610:
4272:
4217:
4130:
3473:
525:, which are adapted to anoxic or microaerophilic habitats, mitochondria have been lost.
9436:
9431:
8880:
8562:
8326:
8188:
6926:
6384:
6362:
6350:
6325:
6273:
5903:
5095:
5073:
5061:
5036:
4983:
4906:
4740:
4715:
4691:
4656:
4629:
4594:
4563:
4538:
4443:
4292:
4236:
4201:
4147:
4114:
4090:
4063:
4039:
4014:
3921:
3886:
3754:
3727:
3700:
3675:
3674:
Adl SM, Simpson AG, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Bass D, Bowser SS, et al. (September 2012).
3642:
3617:
3588:
3563:
3543:
3531:
3492:
3457:
3321:
3116:
2953:
342:
of other organisms, and some are known to cause disease in humans and other organisms.
283:
272:
228:
202:
86:
78:
3982:
842:
Traditionally all amoebozoa with lobose pseudopods were grouped together in the class
9367:
8672:
8378:
7949:
7890:
6442:
6394:
6357:
6345:
6335:
6237:
6163:
6144:
5854:
5437:
5105:
5068:
5056:
5046:
4911:
4891:
4853:
4828:
4745:
4696:
4634:
4568:
4517:
4447:
4408:
4365:
4333:
4284:
4241:
4180:
4152:
4095:
4044:
3993:
3962:
3926:
3908:
3840:
3836:
3805:
3759:
3705:
3691:
3647:
3593:
3535:
3497:
3077:
3057:
257:
4479:
4462:
4296:
8948:
8827:
8719:
8662:
8602:
8597:
8525:
8510:
7859:
7655:
7036:
6905:
6832:
6309:
6209:
6155:
5909:
5355:
5020:
4901:
4883:
4735:
4727:
4686:
4676:
4624:
4614:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4509:
4484:
4474:
4435:
4398:
4323:
4276:
4231:
4221:
4142:
4134:
4085:
4075:
4034:
4026:
3954:
3916:
3898:
3867:
3832:
3795:
3749:
3739:
3695:
3687:
3637:
3629:
3583:
3575:
3547:
3527:
3487:
3477:
3438:
3177:
3155:. Further evidence from the Philippines in 1913 found that upon ingesting cysts of
3091:
Prevention of amoebiasis is by separating food and water from faeces and by proper
2903:
is capable of some form of meiosis and may be able to undergo sexual reproduction.
2549:
1684:
5841:
9261:
9121:
9026:
8988:
8943:
8875:
8632:
8592:
8577:
8470:
8332:
7926:
7851:
7752:
7614:
7182:
7154:
7015:
7007:
6769:
6706:
6550:
6522:
6449:
6082:
5257:
4681:
4619:
4170:
4080:
4013:
Hoshina, Ryo; Tsukii, Yuuji; Harumoto, Terue; Suzaki, Toshinobu (February 2021).
3903:
3744:
3061:
2782:
2674:
2509:
2368:
2206:
1179:
4939:. Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva. Archived from
4887:
4403:
4386:
4359:
4328:
4311:
3800:
3783:
3084:
is present in severe cases, but not in mild ones. The most accurate test is for
2755:(VSMs) discovered around the world show that amoebozoans have existed since the
239:
9305:
9181:
9126:
9116:
8958:
8772:
8724:
8637:
8612:
8607:
8587:
8582:
8485:
8475:
8106:
7918:
7403:
7364:
7310:
7056:
6921:
6825:
6678:
6643:
6467:
6340:
6178:
6168:
6132:
6107:
5796:
5587:
5488:
5410:
5219:
5051:
4439:
4206:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4030:
3462:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3213:
3108:
3022:
2756:
2444:
1625:
1458:
832:
813:
435:
377:
360:
354:
326:
4353:"Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes"
544:
It appears (based on molecular genetics) that the members of Amoebozoa form a
9425:
9232:
8905:
8890:
8852:
8777:
8713:
8699:
8647:
8642:
8556:
8545:
8540:
8520:
8515:
8490:
8254:
8092:
7788:
7540:
7508:
7497:
7359:
7297:
7287:
7259:
7241:
7236:
7177:
7169:
7159:
7127:
6981:
6976:
6874:
6748:
6741:
6540:
6517:
6512:
6472:
6459:
6214:
6013:
6005:
5835:
5756:
5696:
5607:
5581:
5310:
4763:
3912:
3096:
2558:
2529:
2435:
2228:
2155:
2099:
2090:
1669:
1213:
1083:
981:
966:
944:
680:
514:
423:
364:
308:
4226:
3871:
3633:
3564:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
3482:
9101:
9096:
9071:
9046:
9036:
8963:
8832:
8706:
8667:
8652:
8627:
8622:
8567:
8500:
8263:
8162:
8078:
7571:
7408:
7354:
7346:
7305:
7264:
7251:
7228:
7137:
7119:
7041:
6997:
6960:
6881:
6867:
6860:
6811:
6776:
6727:
6650:
6507:
6247:
6074:
6054:
5994:
5898:
5871:
5818:
5776:
5743:
5518:
5296:
5235:
4975:
4915:
4749:
4700:
4638:
4572:
4412:
4337:
4245:
4156:
4099:
4048:
3966:
3930:
3809:
3763:
3709:
3651:
3597:
3501:
3398:, before its redefinition in 2017, was considered to be equal to Amoebozoa.
3364:
3255:
3104:
3081:
2844:
2816:
2752:
2712:
2491:
2395:
2377:
2328:
2137:
2128:
2081:
2072:
1905:
1838:
1597:
1405:
1345:
1046:
1024:
931:
821:
697:
545:
454:
427:
287:
276:
246:
4513:
4288:
3844:
3539:
252:. In traditional classification schemes, Amoebozoa is usually ranked as a
9331:
9271:
9241:
9156:
9131:
9076:
9051:
8973:
8968:
8933:
8923:
8617:
8530:
8358:
8317:
8141:
8050:
7964:
7954:
7793:
7678:
7663:
7556:
7395:
7282:
7219:
6818:
6657:
6636:
6566:
6499:
6138:
6064:
5916:
5880:
5860:
5808:
5782:
5672:
5620:
5593:
5575:
5548:
5315:
5184:
5173:
4823:
Farrar J, Hotez P, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ (2013-10-26).
4731:
3958:
3395:
3343:
3305:
3297:
3112:
3046:
3018:
2961:
2915:
2911:
2885:
2569:
2520:
2408:
2386:
2359:
2350:
2286:
2257:
2119:
1646:
1587:
1435:
1390:
1377:
1367:
1281:
1241:
1011:
817:
804:
657:
522:
510:
502:
494:
479:
431:
406:
346:
211:
189:
184:
41:
34:
4969:
4489:
4138:
3781:
3518:
Cavalier-Smith T (August 1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of life".
854:
and several archamoebae as independent groups. In phylogenies based on
474:
species living in a symbiotic relationship with microalgae of the genus
306:. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as
9323:
9189:
9151:
9081:
9061:
9056:
9041:
9011:
8983:
8938:
8928:
8900:
8895:
8837:
8812:
8505:
8480:
8373:
8134:
7941:
7780:
7274:
7205:
7200:
7051:
6888:
6804:
6790:
6783:
6685:
6532:
6437:
6219:
6043:
6034:
6019:
5887:
5824:
5683:
5644:
5639:
5525:
5442:
5337:
5249:
4280:
3338:
3276:
3100:
3092:
3002:
2941:
2778:
2721:
2634:
2277:
2197:
2146:
1920:
1266:
1164:
1068:
851:
809:
467:
9336:
8199:
4425:
3579:
9292:
9106:
9086:
8978:
8857:
8792:
8782:
8762:
8743:
8495:
8099:
8064:
7490:
7421:
7192:
6734:
6545:
6429:
6420:
6118:
6059:
5767:
5732:
5690:
5667:
5649:
5536:
5472:
5347:
5224:
5167:
5006:
4539:"Is there evidence of sexual reproduction (meiosis) in Acanthamoeba?"
4303:
3222:
3030:
3026:
3007:
2958:
2860:
2830:
2786:
2482:
2268:
2186:
2177:
2108:
1787:
1705:
1253:
1151:
1141:
875:
859:
847:
816:. More recent work places the members of Amorphea together with the
490:
483:
478:, which lives inside the cytoplasm of their host, have been found in
475:
471:
446:
402:
339:
335:
314:
242:
154:
103:
9203:
4716:"Comparative genomics supports sex and meiosis in diverse Amoebozoa"
69:
9297:
9226:
9161:
9141:
9136:
9111:
9091:
9066:
9031:
9021:
9016:
8847:
8822:
8802:
8462:
8169:
7762:
7580:
7439:
7110:
6615:
6379:
6125:
6087:
5988:
5965:
5512:
5507:
5499:
5429:
5304:
5179:
5162:
5140:
5090:
4112:
3887:"Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms"
3260:
3085:
3038:
2929:
2895:
2802:
2625:
2417:
2054:
1445:
921:
730:
653:
615:
568:
331:
320:
303:
264:
260:
179:
159:
116:
572:
9166:
9146:
8842:
8817:
8807:
8797:
8753:
8690:
8239:
7337:
6241:
5976:
5813:
5659:
5566:
5555:
5419:
5325:
5281:
5189:
4949:
4460:
3238:
3034:
2984:
2918:, is required for efficient meiotic HR, and Dmc1 is expressed in
2856:
2795:
2319:
1772:
1339:
843:
825:
585:
555:
498:
458:
440:
295:
249:
235:
169:
48:
9284:
3943:
444:, or built up from collected particles cemented together, as in
9006:
8998:
8867:
8354:
7384:
7328:
6699:
5834:
5631:
5361:
5263:
5205:
4199:
3301:
3218:
3050:
2869:
2848:
2341:
2310:
2301:
1357:
1329:
871:
837:
640:
518:
506:
414:
253:
232:
174:
164:
55:
7553:
4933:"Molecular Phylogeny of Amoeboid Protists — Tree of Amoebozoa"
4882:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 983. pp. 1–15.
3618:"Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae"
517:
in amoebozoan cells characteristically have branching tubular
8915:
8787:
6201:
4654:
3069:
2910:(HR) ordinarily occurs during meiosis. The meiosis-specific
2881:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2123:
Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011 em. Kudryavtsev et al. 2014
734:
710:
684:
598:
299:
291:
279:
6265:
4384:
3823:
Corliss JO (1984). "The Kingdom Protista and its 45 Phyla".
8953:
8445:
5458:
4012:
3443:
10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0409:VMFTNC>2.0.CO;2
2889:
855:
714:
539:
463:
4115:"The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum"
3884:
3784:"Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa"
893:
8443:
4454:
3520:
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
3168:
2141:
Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
846:, placed with other amoeboids in the phylum Sarcodina or
4822:
3615:
3072:
abscesses can occur without previous diarrhea. Cysts of
4713:
4309:
3181:
evidence shows there are at least two other species of
2940:
and DNA strand exchange over at least several thousand
4202:"Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root"
4061:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3456:
Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Knoll AH, Katz LA (August 2011).
3421:
422:, or covered with a loose coat of minute scales, like
412:
While most amoebozoans are "naked," like the familiar
4592:
3725:
2094:
Rogerson & Patterson 2002 em. Cavalier-Smith 2004
3455:
2132:
Schaeffer 1926 em. Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
4714:Hofstatter PG, Brown MW, Lahr DJG (November 2018).
3851:
3770:
3673:
453:In all amoebozoa, the primary mode of nutrition is
4258:
3981:
3088:, but it may remain positive following treatment.
3017:. Amoebiasis can present with no, mild, or severe
3011:group. Symptoms are most common upon infection by
231:group containing about 2,400 described species of
4947:
2983:. A comparative genetic analysis indicated that
2793:in particular looks the same as the extant genus
9423:
8730:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
4655:Singh N, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S (2013).
4310:Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE, Lewis R (June 2016).
3721:
3719:
3560:
2803:List of amoebozoan protozoa pathogenic to humans
6154:
3422:Porter SM, Meisterfeld R, Knoll AH (May 2003).
3379:
3167:), but it was first formally recognized by the
7850:
4965:. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
4827:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 664–671.
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
3857:
3517:
2987:are present in all major amoebozoan lineages.
2223:Cavalier-Smith 2016 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2181:Smirnov et al. 2005 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2058:Cavalier-Smith 2004 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
381:, can cover an area of several square meters.
8429:
8215:
6281:
4991:
4878:Schilde C, Schaap P (2013). "The Amoebozoa".
4877:
4106:
3716:
3417:
3415:
505:, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate
8253:
5005:
4847:
4707:
4536:
4530:
4506:Neoproterozoic Geolobiology and Paleobiology
4193:
4006:
3611:
3609:
3607:
838:Subphyla within Amoebozoa: Lobosa and Conosa
7712:
7345:
6563:
5870:
4852:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 177–182.
4809:
4169:
4055:
2957:found that, during the conversion from the
2305:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2243:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
2190:Kang et al. 2017 stat. nov. Adl et al. 2018
8436:
8422:
8222:
8208:
6288:
6274:
4998:
4984:
3676:"The revised classification of eukaryotes"
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3513:
3511:
3449:
3412:
3115:, while luminal infection is treated with
2975:, combined with evidence from studies of
803:Strong similarities between Amoebozoa and
290:, another major clade which contains both
68:
5248:
4905:
4739:
4690:
4680:
4628:
4618:
4562:
4488:
4478:
4402:
4327:
4235:
4225:
4146:
4089:
4079:
4038:
3920:
3902:
3799:
3753:
3743:
3699:
3641:
3604:
3587:
3491:
3481:
3056:Invasion of the intestinal lining causes
363:, partly because of its convenient size.
5153:
4650:
4648:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4163:
2979:indicate the presence of meiosis in the
2544:Hawksworth, Sutton & Ainsworth 1983
540:Place of Amoebozoa in the eukaryote tree
501:. However, flagella do occur among the
388:
8461:
8229:
6485:
5138:
4848:Beeching N, Gill G (2014-04-17). "19".
4463:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
3822:
3658:
3554:
3508:
894:Phylogeny and taxonomy within Amoebozoa
9424:
8689:
7336:
6256:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
4963:Fresh-Water Rhizopods of North America
4503:
3680:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
238:, often possessing blunt, fingerlike,
9208:
9207:
8417:
8203:
6941: Glutinoconcha
6269:
4979:
4956:
4930:
4645:
4579:
4391:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4350:
4316:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3988:. New York: Academic Press. pp.
3788:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2562:Martin 1961 ex Farr & Alexopoulos
2475:Lahr et al. 2011 em. Kang et al. 2017
2261:Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
888:Acanthamoeba, Arcella, Difflugia etc.
874:, comprising the Archamoebae and the
9360:10bd2587-771e-4326-bdd7-31c6a6269615
4364:. Creative Commons. pp. 1–462.
3979:
2906:In sexually reproducing eukaryotes,
2399:Page 1976 emend. Cavalier Smith 1987
2048:LĂĽhe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998
862:evolution, as did most slime molds.
497:-supported structures except during
3045:. This last complication may cause
286:identify it as the sister group to
13:
8280:Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
4948:Keeling P, Leander BS, Simpson A.
4880:Dictyostelium discoideum Protocols
4870:
3568:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
3532:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x
2533:Shadwick & Spiegel et al. 2012
2524:Shadwick & Spiegel et al. 2012
2486:de Bary, 1859 ex Rostafinski, 1873
2281:LepĹźi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
14:
9458:
4937:Molecular Systematics Group (MSG)
4924:
4537:Khan NA, Siddiqui R (June 2015).
2504:Baldauf, Sheikh & Thulin 2017
2363:Cavalier-Smith 1983 stat. n. 2004
2354:Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. n. 1998
2076:Smirnov & Cavalier-Smith 2011
528:
275:analysis supports Amoebozoa as a
8184:
8183:
4850:Lecture Notes: Tropical Medicine
3947:Journal of Environmental Quality
3860:European Journal of Protistology
3692:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x
3351:
3330:
3313:
3285:
3268:
3247:
3230:
3205:
3082:Increased white blood cell count
2746:
733:
713:
683:
656:
601:
571:
90:
32:
8301:Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis
4841:
4780:
4756:
4497:
4419:
4378:
4344:
4252:
3973:
3937:
3878:
3816:
3622:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3185:that look the same in humans -
2997:
493:and more generally do not form
489:The majority of Amoebozoa lack
282:. Modern studies of eukaryotic
5735:
5731:
5491:
5487:
4555:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000009
4261:Journal of Molecular Evolution
3388:
3049:. People affected may develop
2899:. This finding suggests that
2345:Cavalier-Smith 1998 stat. nov.
2314:Cavalier-Smith 2016 stat. nov.
1:
8339:Sappinia amoebic encephalitis
6295:
4764:"Entamoebiasis - MeSH - NCBI"
4179:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
3405:
384:
4682:10.1371/journal.pone.0074465
4620:10.1371/journal.pone.0139399
4081:10.1016/j.protis.2021.125853
3904:10.1371/journal.pone.0130114
3837:10.1016/0303-2647(84)90003-0
3745:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001419
3242:sp. test (Lobosa: Tubulinea)
2232:Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
7:
4888:10.1007/978-1-62703-302-2_1
4543:Pathogens and Global Health
4404:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.011
4329:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023
3801:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.011
2967:to the tetranucleate cyst,
2762:Melanocyrillium hexodiadema
2573:Link 1833 em. Haeckel 1866
2553:Shadwick & Spiegel 2012
215:Zopf 1884, emend Olive 1975
10:
9463:
8275:Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis
4825:Manson's Tropical Diseases
4440:10.11646/phytotaxa.399.3.5
4031:10.1038/s41598-021-82416-9
3198:
2924:. The purified Dmc1 from
2851:sequence revealed several
2837:
2513:Lister 1909 em. Olive 1970
2421:Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004
2085:Cavalier-Smith et al. 2016
865:However, revised trees by
833:Eukaryote § Phylogeny
830:
532:
9216:
9179:
8997:
8914:
8866:
8751:
8742:
8685:
8457:
8453:
8448:phyla/divisions by domain
8353:
8316:
8238:
8179:
8012:
7940:
7917:
7899:
7881:
7872:
7841:
7823:
7810:
7779:
7761:
7743:
7734:
7703:
7690:
7677:
7654:
7613:
7590:
7570:
7549:
7438:
7394:
7381:
7377:
7327:
7296:
7273:
7250:
7227:
7218:
7191:
7168:
7145:
7136:
7118:
7109:
7065:
7024:
7006:
6990:
6969:
6948:
6939:
6935:
6914:
6898:
6576:
6559:
6531:
6498:
6481:
6458:
6428:
6419:
6303:
6232:
6200:
6177:
6104:
6073:
6033:
6004:
5984:
5975:
5963:
5959:
5804:
5795:
5766:
5751:
5742:
5729:
5725:
5658:
5630:
5615:
5606:
5565:
5544:
5535:
5498:
5485:
5481:
5468:
5455:
5451:
5428:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5346:
5333:
5324:
5291:
5278:
5244:
5233:
5215:
5202:
5149:
5134:
5130:
5014:
4950:"Tree of Life Eukaryotes"
4480:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
2783:shell-bearing amoebozoans
2759:Era. The fossil species
1918:
1903:
1896:
1881:
1874:
1859:
1852:
1836:
1828:
1785:
1770:
1763:
1748:
1741:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1682:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1623:
1608:
1601:
1591:
1537:
1522:
1515:
1500:
1493:
1478:
1471:
1456:
1449:
1439:
1403:
1388:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1343:
1333:
1279:
1264:
1257:
1239:
1229:
1211:
1201:
1177:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1081:
1066:
1059:
1044:
1037:
1022:
1015:
979:
964:
957:
942:
935:
925:
915:
728:
708:
701:
678:
671:
651:
644:
626:
619:
596:
589:
566:
559:
208:
201:
151:
146:
87:Scientific classification
85:
76:
67:
23:
5461:
5457:
3372:
3360:Dictyostelium discoideum
2969:homologous recombination
2932:filaments and catalyzes
2908:homologous recombination
2863:. These genes included
8658:Thermodesulfobacteriota
8295:Balamuthia mandrillaris
4972:at UniEuk Taxonomy App.
4952:. Tree of Life Project.
4227:10.1073/pnas.1420657112
3872:10.1078/0932-4739-00002
3483:10.1073/pnas.1110633108
3431:Journal of Paleontology
3086:antibodies in the blood
3066:amoebic liver abscesses
3058:amoebic bloody diarrhea
3021:. Symptoms may include
2842:The recently available
2824:Balamuthia mandrillaris
2785:belonging to the class
430:, members of the order
393:An amoeba of the genus
9447:Taxa described in 1998
8285:Acanthamoeba infection
8270:Acanthamoeba keratitis
3280:sp. (Lobosa: Discosea)
3127:infections apart from
3053:due to loss of blood.
2938:homologous DNA pairing
2774:Hemisphaeriella ornata
2768:Palaeoarcella athanata
2495:Hawksworth et al. 1983
434:form rigid shells, or
398:
147:Classes and subclades
9381:Paleobiology Database
8886:Neocallimastigomycota
8394:Amoebic brain abscess
8384:Amoebic liver abscess
8368:Entamoeba histolytica
7833:Echinosteliopsidaceae
4514:10.1007/1-4020-5202-2
4361:HAL archives-ouvertes
3634:10.1093/molbev/msx162
3325:(Conosa: Archamoebae)
3294:Entamoeba histolytica
3193:Entamoeba bangladeshi
3153:amoebic liver abscess
3014:Entamoeba histolytica
2921:Entamoeba histolytica
2855:of genes employed in
2810:Entamoeba histolytica
535:wikispecies:Amoebozoa
533:Further information:
397:(Amoebozoa, Discosea)
392:
8551:Coprothermobacterota
8402:Entamoeba gingivalis
8389:Cutaneous amoebiasis
8306:Balamuthia infection
7825:Echinosteliopsidales
4768:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4173:; Wong, Yan (2016).
3959:10.2134/jeq2002.1038
2657:Echinosteliopsidales
2651:Leontyev et al. 2019
2582:Leontyev et al. 2019
904:Amoebozoa phylogeny
271:" within Eukaryota.
16:Phylum of protozoans
6133:Gunflint microbiota
5894:Klebsormidiophyceae
5678:Hyphochytriomycetes
4673:2013PLoSO...874465S
4611:2015PLoSO..1039399K
4273:1996JMolE..43..551C
4218:2015PNAS..112E.693D
4176:The Ancestor's Tale
4139:10.1038/nature03481
4131:2005Natur.435...43E
3474:2011PNAS..10813624P
2948:undergoes meiosis.
2457:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2430:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2412:Cavalier-Smith 2013
2390:Cavalier-Smith 1993
2372:Cavalier-Smith 2013
2332:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2323:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2272:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2252:Cavalier-Smith 2016
2159:Smirnov et al. 2005
2150:Smirnov et al. 2005
1826:Columellomycetidae
1715:Lucisporomycetidae
521:However, among the
8881:Blastocladiomycota
8327:Sappinia diploidea
8189:Category:Amoebozoa
7812:Columellomycetidae
7692:Lucisporomycetidae
7562:(true slime molds)
7559:
7555:
7524:Schizoplasmodiidae
7387:
7383:
7073:Cylindrifflugiidae
6927:Cryptodifflugiidae
6591:Mississippiellidae
6586:Bipseudostomatidae
6569:
6565:
6491:
6487:
5904:Coleochaetophyceae
5284:
5280:
5208:
5204:
4943:on 2 January 2005.
4732:10.1093/gbe/evy241
4281:10.1007/BF02202103
4019:Scientific Reports
3322:Pelomyxa palustris
3117:diloxanide furoate
2954:Entamoeba invadens
2648:Columellomycetidae
2579:Lucisporomycetidae
2541:Ceratiomyxomycetes
1657:Ceratiomyxomycetes
399:
284:phylogenetic trees
256:within either the
79:Chaos carolinensis
9419:
9418:
9368:Open Tree of Life
9210:Taxon identifiers
9201:
9200:
9197:
9196:
9175:
9174:
8738:
8737:
8681:
8680:
8673:Verrucomicrobiota
8411:
8410:
8379:Amoebic dysentery
8349:
8348:
8197:
8196:
8008:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7950:Lamprodermataceae
7891:Clastodermataceae
7868:
7867:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7730:
7729:
7669:Protosporangiidae
7650:
7649:
7373:
7372:
7323:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7214:
7213:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7008:Hyalospheniformes
6847:Pseudawerintzewia
6840:Protocucurbitella
6443:Trichosphaeriidae
6263:
6262:
6228:
6227:
6164:Spironematellidae
6145:Meteora sporadica
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6029:
6028:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5855:Prasinodermophyta
5791:
5790:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5602:
5601:
5438:Centroplasthelida
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5274:
5273:
5198:
5197:
4897:978-1-62703-301-5
4859:978-1-118-73456-8
4834:978-0-7020-5306-1
4726:(11): 3118–3128.
4523:978-1-4020-5201-9
4371:978-2-9555841-0-1
3999:978-0-323-14404-9
3984:Biology of Amoeba
3580:10.1111/jeu.12691
3149:amoebic dysentery
3078:bacterial colitis
2985:meiotic processes
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2534:
2525:
2514:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2233:
2224:
2211:
2210:de Saedeleer 1934
2202:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2049:
2046:Phylum Amoebozoa
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1695:
1694:
1636:
1635:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1190:
1189:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
800:
799:
791:
790:
782:
781:
773:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
746:
745:
273:Molecular genetic
222:
221:
142:
9454:
9412:
9411:
9399:
9398:
9389:
9388:
9376:
9375:
9363:
9362:
9353:
9352:
9340:
9339:
9327:
9326:
9314:
9313:
9301:
9300:
9288:
9287:
9275:
9274:
9265:
9264:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9205:
9204:
8949:Anthocerotophyta
8828:Hemimastigophora
8749:
8748:
8720:Nitrososphaerota
8687:
8686:
8663:Thermomicrobiota
8603:Kiritimatiellota
8598:Ignavibacteriota
8563:Deferribacterota
8526:Campylobacterota
8511:Bdellovibrionota
8459:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8438:
8431:
8424:
8415:
8414:
8251:
8250:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8201:
8200:
8187:
8186:
8114:Pseudothecamoeba
7883:Clastodermatales
7879:
7878:
7860:Echinosteliaceae
7848:
7847:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7741:
7740:
7710:
7709:
7701:
7700:
7697:
7688:
7687:
7684:
7656:Protosporangiida
7628:Dictyosteliaceae
7623:Raperosteliaceae
7588:
7587:
7568:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7551:
7550:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7379:
7378:
7343:
7342:
7334:
7333:
7225:
7224:
7143:
7142:
7116:
7115:
7037:Distomatopyxidae
6946:
6945:
6942:
6937:
6936:
6906:Microchlamyiidae
6833:Protoplagiopyxis
6798:Planhoogenraadia
6574:
6573:
6570:
6561:
6560:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6483:
6482:
6426:
6425:
6332:
6312:
6290:
6283:
6276:
6267:
6266:
6210:Collodictyonidae
6156:Hemimastigophora
6152:
6151:
6111:
5982:
5981:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5961:
5960:
5910:Zygnematophyceae
5868:
5867:
5848:
5832:
5831:
5802:
5801:
5749:
5748:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5727:
5726:
5613:
5612:
5542:
5541:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5426:
5425:
5413:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5356:Choanoflagellata
5331:
5330:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5043:
5023:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4966:
4957:Leidy J (1879).
4953:
4944:
4919:
4909:
4864:
4863:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4820:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4794:. Archived from
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4743:
4720:Genome Biol Evol
4711:
4705:
4704:
4694:
4684:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4622:
4590:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4482:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4406:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4357:
4351:Silar P (2016).
4348:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4171:Dawkins, Richard
4167:
4161:
4160:
4150:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3987:
3980:Jeon KW (1973).
3977:
3971:
3970:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3906:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3803:
3779:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3747:
3738:(11): e1001419.
3723:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3671:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3628:(9): 2258–2270.
3613:
3602:
3601:
3591:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3485:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3428:
3419:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3355:
3334:
3317:
3289:
3272:
3251:
3234:
3209:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2695:Clastodermatales
2688:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2561:
2552:
2550:Protosporangiida
2543:
2532:
2523:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2474:
2466:Kang et al. 2017
2465:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2231:
2222:
2209:
2200:
2189:
2180:
2172:Kang et al. 2017
2171:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2047:
1899:
1898:
1877:
1876:
1862:Clastodermatales
1855:
1854:
1834:Echinostelianae
1831:
1830:
1766:
1765:
1744:
1743:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1685:Protosporangiida
1663:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1518:
1517:
1496:
1495:
1474:
1473:
1452:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1336:
1335:
1260:
1259:
1232:
1231:
1204:
1203:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1062:
1061:
1040:
1039:
1018:
1017:
960:
959:
938:
937:
928:
927:
918:
917:
911:
910:
901:
900:
737:
717:
704:
703:
687:
674:
673:
660:
647:
646:
622:
621:
605:
592:
591:
575:
562:
561:
552:
551:
216:
130:
95:
94:
72:
62:
58:
51:
44:
37:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
9462:
9461:
9457:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9415:
9407:
9402:
9394:
9392:
9384:
9379:
9371:
9366:
9358:
9356:
9348:
9343:
9335:
9330:
9322:
9317:
9309:
9304:
9296:
9291:
9283:
9278:
9270:
9268:
9260:
9255:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9212:
9202:
9193:
9171:
9122:Gnathostomulida
9027:Xenacoelomorpha
8993:
8989:Flowering plant
8944:Marchantiophyta
8910:
8876:Chytridiomycota
8862:
8734:
8677:
8633:Planctomycetota
8593:Gemmatimonadota
8578:Elusimicrobiota
8471:Acidobacteriota
8449:
8442:
8412:
8407:
8345:
8333:Sappinia pedata
8312:
8242:
8234:
8228:
8198:
8193:
8175:
7976:
7960:Kelleromyxaceae
7936:
7927:Stemonitidaceae
7913:
7909:Meridermataceae
7895:
7864:
7852:Echinosteliales
7843:Echinosteliidia
7837:
7815:
7814:
7798:
7775:
7757:
7753:Reticulariaceae
7726:
7696:(bright-spored)
7695:
7694:
7682:
7681:
7673:
7646:
7615:Dictyosteliales
7609:
7605:Acytosteliaceae
7586:
7561:
7560:
7554:
7545:
7529:Soliformoviidae
7514:Fractovitellida
7434:
7382:
7369:
7315:
7292:
7269:
7246:
7210:
7187:
7183:Cochliopodiidae
7164:
7155:Acanthamoebidae
7132:
7077:
7066:Cylindrothecina
7061:
7032:Cucurbitellidae
7020:
7016:Hyalospheniidae
7002:
6986:
6965:
6940:
6931:
6910:
6894:
6770:Paracentropyxis
6707:Lagenodifflugia
6564:
6555:
6551:Hartmannellidae
6527:
6523:Gephyramoebidae
6486:
6477:
6454:
6450:Microcoryciidae
6415:
6414:
6330:
6308:
6299:
6294:
6264:
6259:
6224:
6196:
6187:Ancyromonadidae
6173:
6150:
6105:
6092:
6083:Malawimonadidae
6069:
6025:
6000:
5964:
5923:
5866:
5839:
5838:
5830:
5787:
5762:
5730:
5701:
5654:
5626:
5598:
5561:
5531:
5486:
5477:
5456:
5447:
5424:
5409:
5368:
5342:
5320:
5279:
5270:
5234:
5229:
5203:
5194:
5139:
5126:
5125:
5041:
5019:
5010:
5004:
4959:"Amoeba Plates"
4927:
4922:
4898:
4873:
4871:Further reading
4868:
4867:
4860:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4821:
4810:
4801:
4799:
4788:"Entamoebiasis"
4786:
4785:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4712:
4708:
4653:
4646:
4605:(9): e0139399.
4591:
4580:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4502:
4498:
4459:
4455:
4424:
4420:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4355:
4349:
4345:
4308:
4304:
4257:
4253:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4168:
4164:
4125:(7038): 43–57.
4111:
4107:
4060:
4056:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3978:
3974:
3942:
3938:
3897:(6): e0130114.
3883:
3879:
3856:
3852:
3821:
3817:
3780:
3771:
3724:
3717:
3672:
3659:
3614:
3605:
3559:
3555:
3516:
3509:
3468:(33): 13624–9.
3454:
3450:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3368:
3356:
3347:
3335:
3326:
3318:
3309:
3290:
3281:
3273:
3264:
3252:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3210:
3201:
3131:is not needed.
3062:amoebic colitis
3031:bloody diarrhea
3000:
2840:
2805:
2749:
2675:Echinosteliales
2666:Echinostelianae
2660:Shchepin et al.
2510:Dictyosteliales
2472:Fractovitellida
2439:Lauterborn 1895
2369:Tricholimacidae
2207:Microcoryciidae
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1696:
1637:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1540:Fractovitellida
1426:
1417:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1191:
1180:Microcoryciidae
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1002:
993:
896:
840:
835:
822:collodictyonids
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
756:
747:
542:
537:
531:
387:
263:or the kingdom
214:
129:
89:
63:
61:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9460:
9450:
9449:
9444:
9442:Amorphea phyla
9439:
9434:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9400:
9390:
9377:
9364:
9354:
9341:
9328:
9315:
9302:
9289:
9276:
9266:
9253:
9238:
9222:
9220:
9214:
9213:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9194:
9187:
9185:
9182:Incertae sedis
9177:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9127:Micrognathozoa
9124:
9119:
9117:Acanthocephala
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8959:Lycopodiophyta
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8920:
8918:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8872:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8773:Ancyromonadida
8770:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8725:Thermoproteota
8722:
8717:
8710:
8703:
8695:
8693:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8638:Pseudomonadota
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8613:Mycoplasmatota
8610:
8608:Lentisphaerota
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8588:Fusobacteriota
8585:
8583:Fibrobacterota
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8486:Armatimonadota
8483:
8478:
8476:Actinomycetota
8473:
8467:
8465:
8451:
8450:
8441:
8440:
8433:
8426:
8418:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8363:
8361:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8341:
8322:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8259:
8257:
8248:
8236:
8235:
8227:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8204:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8166:
8159:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8128:Schoutedamoeba
8124:
8117:
8110:
8107:Penardochlamys
8103:
8096:
8089:
8082:
8075:
8068:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8026:
8018:
8016:
8014:incertae sedis
8010:
8009:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7974:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7932:Comatrichaceae
7929:
7923:
7921:
7919:Stemonitidales
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7905:
7903:
7901:Meridermatales
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7887:
7885:
7876:
7870:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7856:
7854:
7845:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7829:
7827:
7818:
7808:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7749:
7747:
7745:Reticulariales
7738:
7732:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7718:
7716:
7707:
7698:
7685:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7666:
7664:Ceratiomyxidae
7660:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7637:
7634:Coremiostelium
7630:
7625:
7619:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7600:Cavenderiaceae
7596:
7594:
7592:Acytosteliales
7585:
7584:
7576:
7574:
7565:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7466:
7459:
7452:
7444:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7425:
7418:
7411:
7406:
7404:Mastigamoebida
7400:
7398:
7389:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7365:Squamamoebidae
7362:
7357:
7351:
7349:
7340:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7311:Vexilliferidae
7308:
7302:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7285:
7279:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7244:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7203:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7174:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7057:Trigonopyxidae
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7028:
7026:
7025:Sphaerothecina
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7012:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6973:
6971:
6967:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6958:
6956:Lesquereusidae
6952:
6950:
6943:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6922:Phryganellidae
6918:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6885:
6878:
6871:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6826:Proplagiopyxis
6822:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6721:Lamptoquadrula
6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6682:
6679:Geoplagiopyxis
6675:
6668:
6661:
6654:
6647:
6644:Ellipsopyxella
6640:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6582:
6580:
6578:incertae sedis
6571:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6493:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6468:Echinamoebidae
6464:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6434:
6432:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:Mesomycetozoea
6402:
6397:
6387:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6341:Diaphoretickes
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6293:
6292:
6285:
6278:
6270:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6251:
6244:
6240:excluded from
6233:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6192:Planomonadidae
6189:
6183:
6181:
6179:Ancyromonadida
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6169:Paramastigidae
6166:
6160:
6158:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6135:
6129:
6121:
6114:
6112:
6108:Incertae sedis
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5970:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5913:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5884:
5876:
5874:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5797:Archaeplastida
5793:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5752:
5746:
5737:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5588:Dinoflagellata
5584:
5582:Chrompodellida
5579:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5493:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5411:Diaphoretickes
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5300:
5292:
5286:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5239:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5144:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:Mesomycetozoea
5113:
5108:
5098:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5052:Diaphoretickes
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:classification
5003:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4967:
4954:
4945:
4926:
4925:External links
4923:
4921:
4920:
4896:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4840:
4833:
4808:
4792:mesh.kib.ki.se
4779:
4755:
4706:
4644:
4578:
4529:
4522:
4496:
4453:
4434:(3): 209–238.
4418:
4377:
4370:
4343:
4302:
4251:
4192:
4186:978-0544859937
4185:
4162:
4105:
4054:
4005:
3998:
3972:
3953:(3): 1038–42.
3936:
3877:
3866:(4): 338–348.
3850:
3815:
3769:
3715:
3657:
3603:
3553:
3507:
3448:
3437:(3): 409–429.
3410:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3267:
3265:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3214:Amoeba proteus
3211:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3188:E. moshkovskii
3173:E. histolytica
3165:Entamoeba coli
3157:E. histolytica
3136:E. histolytica
3129:E. histolytica
3109:dehydroemetine
3035:severe colitis
3023:abdominal pain
2999:
2996:
2977:E. histolytica
2946:E. histolytica
2926:E. histolytica
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2801:
2757:Neoproterozoic
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2704:Meridermatales
2700:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2662:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2617:Reticulariales
2604:
2603:
2602:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2501:Acytosteliales
2479:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2445:Phalansteriida
2441:
2432:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2078:
2069:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
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1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:Meridermatales
1880:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:Echinosteliida
1835:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
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1754:
1751:Reticulariales
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1702:
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1678:
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1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:Dictyosteliida
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:Acytosteliales
1607:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
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1548:
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1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:Phalansteriida
1455:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
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1413:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1398:
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1387:
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989:
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952:
949:
948:
941:
936:
934:
926:
924:
916:
914:
909:
906:
905:
895:
892:
867:Cavalier-Smith
839:
836:
814:Diaphoretickes
798:
797:
794:
793:
789:
788:
785:
784:
780:
779:
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771:
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560:
558:
550:
541:
538:
530:
529:Classification
527:
386:
383:
378:Fuligo septica
361:model organism
355:Amoeba proteus
324:and the genus
220:
219:
218:
217:
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8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8907:
8906:Basidiomycota
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8891:Glomeromycota
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8853:Stramenopiles
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8778:Apusomonadida
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8714:Nanoarchaeota
8711:
8708:
8704:
8701:
8700:Euryarchaeota
8697:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8648:Spirochaetota
8646:
8644:
8643:Rhodothermota
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8573:Dictyoglomota
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8558:
8557:Cyanobacteria
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8546:Chrysiogenota
8544:
8542:
8541:Chloroflexota
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8521:Calditrichota
8519:
8517:
8516:Caldisericota
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8491:Atribacterota
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8452:
8447:
8439:
8434:
8432:
8427:
8425:
8420:
8419:
8416:
8404:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8340:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8315:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8255:Centramoebida
8252:
8249:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8232:
8225:
8220:
8218:
8213:
8211:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8190:
8182:
8181:
8178:
8172:
8171:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8125:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8116:
8115:
8111:
8109:
8108:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8093:Oscillosignum
8090:
8088:
8087:
8083:
8081:
8080:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8072:Malpighamoeba
8069:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8041:
8039:
8038:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8011:
7973:
7972:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7939:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7819:
7816:(dark-spored)
7813:
7809:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7789:Dianemataceae
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7760:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7733:
7723:
7722:Cribrariaceae
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7699:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7683:(Myxomycetes)
7680:
7676:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7653:
7643:
7642:
7638:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7566:
7558:
7552:
7548:
7542:
7541:Holomastigida
7539:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7509:Protosteliida
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7499:
7498:Phalansterium
7495:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7463:Darbyshirella
7460:
7458:
7457:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7393:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7376:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7360:Sapocribridae
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7326:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7298:Dactylopodida
7295:
7289:
7288:Discamoebidae
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7272:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Dermamoebidae
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7242:Thecamoebidae
7240:
7238:
7237:Stenamoebidae
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7178:Parvamoebidae
7176:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7170:Himatismenida
7167:
7161:
7160:Balamuthiidae
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7147:Acanthopodida
7144:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7128:Stygamoebidae
7126:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7005:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6989:
6983:
6982:Plagiopyxidae
6980:
6978:
6977:Centropyxidae
6975:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6944:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6915:Phryganellina
6913:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6875:Suiadifflugia
6872:
6870:
6869:
6865:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6749:Microquadrula
6746:
6744:
6743:
6742:Meisterfeldia
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6568:
6562:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:Nolandellidae
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6518:Flabellulidae
6516:
6514:
6513:Rhizamoebidae
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6473:Vermamoebidae
6471:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6460:Echinamoebida
6457:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6368:Stramenopiles
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6331:(major groups
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6291:
6286:
6284:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6271:
6268:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6236:Âątraditional
6235:
6234:
6231:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Mantamonadida
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6103:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6015:
6014:Heterolobosea
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6006:Discicristata
6003:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5837:
5836:Viridiplantae
5833:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5757:Microheliella
5754:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5724:
5698:
5697:Actinophryida
5695:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Stramenopiles
5605:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5311:Ichthyosporea
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5258:Rotosphaerida
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Apusomonadida
5218:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:Stramenopiles
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5042:(major groups
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5008:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4989:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4931:Pawlowski J.
4929:
4928:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4830:
4826:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4798:on 2015-07-22
4797:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4667:(9): e74465.
4666:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4649:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4473:: 1060–1456.
4472:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4267:(6): 551–62.
4266:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4212:(7): E693–9.
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4074:(1): 125853.
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3831:(2): 87–126.
3830:
3826:
3819:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3720:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3686:(5): 429–93.
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3526:(3): 203–66.
3525:
3521:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3397:
3391:
3382:
3378:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3342:sp. (Conosa:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3259:sp. (Lobosa:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3171:in 1997 that
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3121:iodoquinoline
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3097:metronidazole
3094:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2747:Fossil record
2725:Macbride 1922
2723:
2719:
2716:Macbride 1922
2714:
2710:
2707:Leontyev 2015
2705:
2701:
2698:Leontyev 2015
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:Leontyev 2015
2687:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:Leontyev 2015
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:Macbride 1922
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2620:Leontyev 2015
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:Leontyev 2015
2609:
2605:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:Leontyev 2015
2589:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2559:Ceratiomyxida
2556:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2530:Protosteliida
2527:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2436:Holomastigida
2433:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2229:Echinamoebida
2226:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2156:Dactylopodida
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2100:Himatismenida
2097:
2092:
2091:Centramoebida
2088:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1850:Stemonitanae
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:Cribrarianae
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:Ceratiomyxida
1665:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:Echinamoebida
1209:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:Dactylopodida
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
988:
987:
984:
983:
982:Himatismenida
977:
976:
973:
972:
969:
968:
967:Himatismenida
962:
961:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
945:Centramoebida
940:
939:
933:
930:
929:
923:
920:
919:
913:
912:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
891:
889:
885:
879:
877:
873:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
796:
795:
787:
786:
778:
777:
769:
768:
760:
759:
751:
750:
742:
741:
738:
736:
732:
726:
725:
722:
721:
718:
716:
712:
706:
705:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
686:
682:
681:Apusomonadida
676:
675:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
659:
655:
649:
648:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
604:
600:
594:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
574:
570:
564:
563:
557:
554:
553:
549:
547:
536:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
456:
451:
450:
448:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Cochliopodium
421:
417:
416:
410:
408:
404:
396:
391:
382:
380:
379:
374:
370:
367:amoebae like
366:
365:Multinucleate
362:
358:
356:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
322:
317:
316:
311:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
248:
247:mitochondrial
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
213:
210:
209:
207:
204:
200:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
145:
140:
137:
133:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
75:
71:
66:
59:
52:
45:
38:
30:800–0 Ma
22:
19:
9217:
9188:
9180:
9102:Orthonectida
9097:Gastrotricha
9072:Nematomorpha
9047:Chaetognatha
9037:Hemichordate
8964:Pteridophyta
8833:Malawimonada
8767:
8707:Korarchaeota
8668:Thermotogota
8653:Synergistota
8628:Nitrospirota
8623:Nitrospinota
8568:Deinococcota
8501:Bacteroidota
8400:
8366:
8331:
8325:
8293:
8264:Acanthamoeba
8262:
8230:
8168:
8161:
8156:Triaenamoeba
8154:
8147:
8140:
8133:
8126:
8119:
8112:
8105:
8098:
8091:
8084:
8079:Microcorycia
8077:
8070:
8063:
8056:
8049:
8042:
8035:
8028:
8023:Belonocystis
8021:
8013:
7971:Tasmaniomyxa
7969:
7874:Stemonitidia
7714:Cribrariales
7639:
7632:
7579:
7572:Dictyostelia
7536:Cavosteliida
7519:Acramoebidae
7496:
7489:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7427:
7420:
7413:
7409:Pelobiontida
7355:Idionectidae
7347:Squamocutida
7306:Paramoebidae
7265:Mayorellidae
7252:Dermamoebida
7229:Thecamoebida
7138:Centramoebia
7120:Stygamoebida
7042:Lamtopyxidae
6998:Heleoperidae
6970:Excentrosoma
6961:Difflugiidae
6949:Longithecina
6899:Organoconcha
6887:
6882:Trigonopyxis
6880:
6873:
6868:Sexangularia
6866:
6861:Schoenbornia
6859:
6854:Pseudonebela
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6817:
6812:Pontigulasia
6810:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6777:Paraquadrula
6775:
6768:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6728:Leptochlamys
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6693:Hoogenraadia
6691:
6684:
6677:
6672:Geamphorella
6670:
6663:
6656:
6651:Ellipsopyxis
6649:
6642:
6635:
6630:Conicocassis
6628:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6600:
6596:Shamkiriidae
6577:
6508:Leptomyxidae
6390:Opisthokonta
6296:
6253:
6248:paraphyletic
6143:
6124:
6106:
6075:Malawimonada
6055:Anaeromonada
6050:Anaeramoebae
6042:
6018:
5995:Tsukubamonas
5993:
5915:
5908:
5899:Charophyceae
5886:
5879:
5872:Streptophyta
5859:
5843:
5823:
5819:Rhodelphidia
5777:Palpitomonas
5775:
5755:
5744:Pancryptista
5689:
5682:
5619:
5586:
5574:
5554:
5524:
5519:Foraminifera
5517:
5360:
5303:
5297:Tunicaraptor
5295:
5262:
5236:Opisthokonta
5172:
5154:
5101:Opisthokonta
4962:
4941:the original
4936:
4879:
4849:
4843:
4824:
4800:. Retrieved
4796:the original
4791:
4782:
4771:. Retrieved
4767:
4758:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4664:
4660:
4602:
4598:
4549:(4): 193–5.
4546:
4542:
4532:
4505:
4499:
4490:11336/151990
4470:
4466:
4456:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4360:
4346:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4175:
4165:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4022:
4018:
4008:
3983:
3975:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3791:
3787:
3735:
3732:PLOS Biology
3731:
3683:
3679:
3625:
3621:
3574:(1): 4–119.
3571:
3567:
3556:
3523:
3519:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3434:
3430:
3390:
3381:
3365:Dictyostelia
3358:
3337:
3320:
3292:
3275:
3256:Acanthamoeba
3254:
3237:
3212:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3105:nitazoxanide
3090:
3073:
3055:
3039:tissue death
3012:
3006:
3001:
2998:Human health
2991:
2989:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2952:
2951:Studies of
2950:
2945:
2925:
2919:
2905:
2901:Acanthamoeba
2900:
2894:
2864:
2845:Acanthamoeba
2843:
2841:
2829:
2822:
2817:Acanthamoeba
2815:
2808:
2794:
2790:
2781:, which are
2772:
2766:
2760:
2753:microfossils
2751:Vase-shaped
2750:
2713:Stemonitales
2686:Stemonitanae
2655:Order ?
2597:Cribrariales
2588:Cribrarianae
2492:Dictyostelea
2448:Hibberd 1983
2434:Order ?
2425:Order ?
2407:Infraphylum
2396:Pelobiontida
2381:Calkins 1926
2378:Endamoebidae
2349:Infraphylum
2329:Squamocutida
2220:Echinamoebia
2201:Moebius 1889
2138:Dermamoebida
2129:Thecamoebida
2082:Centramoebia
2073:Stygamoebida
2071:Order ?
2064:Stereomyxida
2062:Order ?
2045:
1919:
1906:Stemonitales
1904:
1882:
1860:
1837:
1786:
1771:
1749:
1728:Cribrariales
1726:
1683:
1668:
1624:
1609:
1598:Dictyostelea
1538:
1523:
1501:
1479:
1457:
1406:Pelobiontida
1404:
1389:
1346:Squamocutida
1344:
1280:
1265:
1240:
1212:
1208:Echinamoebia
1178:
1163:
1082:
1067:
1047:Dermamoebida
1045:
1025:Thecamoebida
1023:
980:
965:
943:
932:Centramoebia
897:
887:
883:
880:
864:
852:percolozoans
841:
818:malawimonids
805:Opisthokonts
802:
729:
709:
698:Opisthokonta
679:
652:
628:
627:
597:
567:
546:sister group
543:
515:mitochondria
511:opisthokonts
488:
455:phagocytosis
452:
445:
439:
428:Korotnevella
419:
413:
411:
400:
394:
376:
372:
368:
353:
351:
344:
325:
319:
313:
307:
288:Opisthokonta
277:monophyletic
245:and tubular
224:
223:
135:
126:
110:
77:
18:
9332:iNaturalist
9242:Wikispecies
9157:Brachiopoda
9132:Cycliophora
9077:Onychophora
9052:Kinorhyncha
8974:Ginkgophyta
8969:Cycadophyta
8934:Chlorophyta
8924:Glaucophyta
8618:Myxococcota
8536:Chlorobiota
8531:Chlamydiota
8359:Archamoebae
8318:Flabellinia
8245:free-living
8142:Subulamoeba
8121:Rhabdamoeba
8086:Microglomus
8051:Gibbodiscus
8044:Corallomyxa
7965:Physaraceae
7955:Didymiaceae
7794:Trichiaceae
7705:Cribariidia
7679:Myxogastria
7557:Eumycetozoa
7504:Flamellidae
7477:Ischnamoeba
7470:Dictyamoeba
7456:Arboramoeba
7449:Angulamoeba
7429:Rhizomastix
7415:Tricholimax
7396:Archamoebea
7283:Vannellidae
7220:Flabellinia
7047:Netzeliidae
6819:Prantlitina
6714:Lamptopyxis
6658:Erugomicula
6637:Cornuapyxis
6567:Arcellinida
6500:Leptomyxida
6139:Chitinozoan
6065:Parabasalia
5917:Embryophyta
5881:Chlorokybus
5861:Chlorophyta
5809:Glaucophyta
5783:Cryptophyta
5673:Pirsoniales
5640:Bicosoecida
5621:Platysulcus
5594:Perkinsozoa
5576:Apicomplexa
5549:Colponemida
5316:Pluriformea
5185:Archamoebea
5174:Eumycetozoa
4322:: 275–296.
3794:: 293–304.
3396:Eumycetozoa
3344:Myxogastria
3306:Archamoebae
3298:trophozoite
3113:chloroquine
3047:peritonitis
3043:perforation
2973:E. invadens
2965:trophozoite
2962:uninucleate
2936:-dependent
2930:presynaptic
2912:recombinase
2791:P. athanata
2779:arcellinids
2684:Superorder
2678:Martin 1961
2664:Superorder
2606:Superorder
2600:Macbr. 1922
2586:Superorder
2570:Myxomycetes
2521:Protostelea
2481:Superclass
2454:Ramamoebida
2427:Flamellidae
2409:Semiconosia
2387:Entamoebida
2360:Archamoebea
2351:Archamoebae
2287:Arcellinida
2258:Leptomyxida
2120:Flabellinia
1739:Trichianae
1706:Myxomycetes
1647:Myxogastria
1588:Eumycetozoa
1503:Ramamoebida
1481:Flamellidae
1436:Semiconosia
1391:Entamoebida
1378:Archamoebea
1368:Archamoebae
1282:Arcellinida
1242:Leptomyxida
1012:Flabellinia
523:Archamoebae
503:Archamoebae
495:microtubule
480:Arcellinida
472:Mixotrophic
432:Arcellinida
407:pseudopodia
347:slime molds
227:is a major
212:Eumycetozoa
190:Archamoebea
185:Eumycetozoa
43:Proterozoic
9426:Categories
9190:Parakaryon
9152:Entoprocta
9087:Arthropoda
9082:Tardigrada
9062:Priapulida
9057:Loricifera
9042:Echinoderm
9012:Ctenophora
8984:Gnetophyta
8939:Charophyta
8929:Rhodophyta
8901:Ascomycota
8896:Zygomycota
8838:Metamonada
8813:Euglenozoa
8798:Ciliophora
8506:Balneolota
8481:Aquificota
8374:Amoebiasis
8231:Amoebozoal
8149:Thecochaos
8135:Stereomyxa
8058:Hartmannia
7942:Physarales
7781:Trichiales
7736:Trichiidia
7641:Synstelium
7484:Heliamoeba
7275:Vannellida
7206:Goceviidae
7201:Pellitidae
7052:Arcellidae
6991:Volnustoma
6889:Wailesella
6805:Pomoriella
6791:Physochila
6784:Pentagonia
6756:Nabranella
6686:Geopyxella
6665:Frenopyxis
6533:Euamoebida
6438:Trichosida
6220:Rigifilida
6119:Acritarchs
6044:Barthelona
6035:Metamonada
6020:Euglenozoa
5888:Mesostigma
5844:sensu lato
5825:Rhodophyta
5684:Ochrophyta
5645:Placidozoa
5556:Ciliophora
5526:Radiolaria
5443:Haptophyta
5338:Filasterea
5250:Holomycota
4802:2015-07-21
4773:2015-07-21
4467:Mycosphere
3825:BioSystems
3406:References
3339:Stemonitis
3277:Thecamoeba
3101:tinidazole
3093:sanitation
3003:Amoebiasis
2959:tetraploid
2942:base pairs
2861:eukaryotes
2859:of sexual
2722:Physarales
2635:Trichiales
2608:Trichianae
2463:Profiliida
2340:Subphylum
2278:Euamoebida
2249:Leptomyxia
2198:Trichosida
2147:Vannellida
2067:Grell 1971
1921:Physarales
1525:Profiliida
1267:Euamoebida
1236:Leptomyxia
1165:Trichosida
1069:Vannellida
860:eukaryotic
831:See also:
810:basal body
385:Morphology
269:supergroup
243:pseudopods
9437:Amoeboids
9432:Amoebozoa
9262:Amoebozoa
9248:Amoebozoa
9218:Amoebozoa
9107:Dicyemida
8979:Pinophyta
8858:Telonemia
8793:Cryptista
8783:Breviatea
8768:Amoebozoa
8763:Alveolata
8744:Eukaryote
8496:Bacillota
8100:Parmulina
8065:Malamoeba
7771:Liceaceae
7491:Filamoeba
7422:Entamoeba
7193:Pellitida
6735:Maghrebia
6623:Armipyxis
6546:Amoebidae
6430:Corycidia
6421:Tubulinea
6385:Amoebozoa
6363:Alveolata
6351:Cryptista
6326:Eukaryota
6297:Amoebozoa
6060:Fornicata
5966:Excavates
5768:Cryptista
5691:Oomycetes
5668:Developea
5650:Sagenista
5537:Alveolata
5473:Telonemia
5348:Choanozoa
5225:Breviatea
5168:Tubulinea
5155:Amoebozoa
5096:Amoebozoa
5074:Alveolata
5062:Cryptista
5037:Eukaryota
5007:Eukaryote
4970:Amoebozoa
4448:108783142
4428:Phytotaxa
4397:: 41–51.
3913:1932-6203
3394:The term
3363:(Conosa:
3223:Tubulinea
3183:Entamoeba
3178:E. dispar
3163:existed (
3161:Entamoeba
3144:E. dispar
3140:E. dispar
3125:Entamoeba
3074:Entamoeba
3027:diarrhoea
3008:Entamoeba
2992:Amoebozoa
2981:Entamoeba
2853:orthologs
2831:Endolimax
2787:Tubulinea
2646:Subclass
2629:Jahn 1928
2577:Subclass
2483:Mycetozoa
2290:Kent 1880
2269:Eulobosia
2267:Subclass
2247:Subclass
2187:Corycidia
2178:Tubulinea
2112:Page 1987
2109:Pellitida
2103:Page 1987
1788:Trichiida
1254:Eulobosia
1152:Corycidia
1142:Tubulinea
876:Mycetozoa
848:Rhizopoda
629:Amoebozoa
484:Mayorella
476:Chlorella
468:sporangia
447:Difflugia
403:endoplasm
395:Mayorella
340:symbionts
336:parasites
315:Entamoeba
229:taxonomic
225:Amoebozoa
155:Tubulinea
127:Amoebozoa
104:Eukaryota
24:Amoebozoa
9306:Fungorum
9269:BioLib:
9227:Wikidata
9167:Annelida
9162:Mollusca
9142:Phoronid
9137:Nemertea
9112:Rotifera
9092:Flatworm
9067:Nematoda
9032:Chordate
9022:Cnidaria
9017:Placozoa
8848:Rhizaria
8823:Haptista
8803:Cercozoa
8463:Bacteria
8233:diseases
8170:Zonomyxa
8030:Boveella
7763:Liceales
7581:Coenonia
7440:Variosea
7111:Discosea
6616:Argynnia
6609:Apolimia
6602:Acipyxis
6380:Amorphea
6358:Rhizaria
6346:Hacrobia
6336:Excavata
6321:Bacteria
6242:protists
6238:kingdoms
6126:Grypania
6088:Imasidae
5989:Jakobida
5513:Endomyxa
5508:Cercozoa
5500:Rhizaria
5430:Haptista
5362:Animalia
5305:Bicellum
5180:Variosea
5163:Discosea
5141:Amorphea
5091:Amorphea
5069:Rhizaria
5057:Hacrobia
5047:Excavata
5032:Bacteria
4916:23494299
4750:30380054
4701:24098652
4661:PLOS ONE
4639:26422142
4599:PLOS ONE
4573:25800982
4413:26826602
4338:27001604
4297:28992966
4246:25646484
4157:15875012
4100:35030517
4049:33536497
4025:(2865).
3967:12026071
3931:26068874
3891:PLOS ONE
3810:25150787
3764:23139639
3710:23020233
3652:28505375
3598:30257078
3502:21810989
3261:Discosea
3019:symptoms
2884:, Mnd1,
2626:Liceales
2418:Variosea
2055:Discosea
1446:Variosea
922:Discosea
731:Animalia
654:Breviata
616:Amorphea
569:Loukozoa
519:cristae.
491:flagella
459:vacuoles
373:Pelomyxa
332:flagella
321:Pelomyxa
304:Amorphea
302:, named
265:Protozoa
261:Protista
236:protists
233:amoeboid
203:Synonyms
180:Variosea
160:Discosea
123:Phylum:
117:Amorphea
100:Domain:
9396:4934417
9373:1064655
9324:7509337
9285:2915041
9233:Q473809
9147:Bryozoa
8843:Provora
8818:Jakobea
8808:Discoba
8754:Protist
8691:Archaea
8444:Extant
8240:Lobosea
8037:Biomyxa
7338:Cutosea
6763:Oopyxis
6489:Elardia
6395:Animals
6316:Archaea
5977:Discoba
5842:Plants
5814:Picozoa
5660:Gyrista
5567:Myzozoa
5420:Provora
5326:Filozoa
5282:Holozoa
5190:Cutosea
5106:Animals
5027:Archaea
4907:4037983
4741:6263441
4692:3787063
4669:Bibcode
4630:4589404
4607:Bibcode
4564:4530557
4289:8995052
4269:Bibcode
4237:4343179
4214:Bibcode
4148:1352341
4127:Bibcode
4091:9148389
4068:Protist
4040:7859197
3922:5159126
3845:6395918
3755:3491025
3701:3483872
3643:5850466
3589:6492006
3548:6557779
3540:9809012
3493:3158185
3470:Bibcode
3239:Arcella
3199:Gallery
3025:, mild
2857:meiosis
2838:Meiosis
2796:Arcella
2376:Family
2367:Family
2320:Cutosea
2240:Elardia
2205:Family
1773:Liceida
1340:Cutosea
1330:Evosida
1226:Elardia
844:Lobosea
826:Diphoda
586:Podiata
556:Opimoda
513:. The
507:gametes
499:mitosis
441:Arcella
296:animals
258:kingdom
250:cristae
170:Cutosea
134:, 1913
50:Archean
9409:391848
9393:uBio:
9386:212578
9357:NZOR:
9350:554915
9337:372735
9298:1AMOEP
9007:Sponge
8999:Animal
8355:Conosa
7385:Conosa
7329:Evosea
6700:Jungia
6373:Plants
6310:Domain
6250:groups
5632:Bigyra
5206:Obazoa
5084:Plants
5021:Domain
4914:
4904:
4894:
4856:
4831:
4748:
4738:
4699:
4689:
4637:
4627:
4571:
4561:
4520:
4446:
4411:
4368:
4336:
4295:
4287:
4244:
4234:
4183:
4155:
4145:
4119:Nature
4098:
4088:
4047:
4037:
3996:
3965:
3929:
3919:
3911:
3843:
3808:
3762:
3752:
3708:
3698:
3650:
3640:
3596:
3586:
3546:
3538:
3500:
3490:
3302:Conosa
3219:Lobosa
3051:anemia
2990:Since
2928:forms
2849:genome
2771:, and
2720:Order
2711:Order
2702:Order
2693:Order
2673:Order
2633:Order
2624:Order
2615:Order
2595:Order
2568:Class
2557:Order
2548:Order
2539:Class
2528:Order
2519:Class
2508:Order
2499:Order
2490:Class
2470:Order
2461:Order
2452:Order
2443:Order
2416:Class
2394:Order
2385:Order
2358:Class
2342:Conosa
2327:Order
2318:Class
2311:Cutosa
2309:Clade
2302:Evosea
2300:Clade
2285:Order
2276:Order
2256:Order
2238:Class
2227:Order
2218:Class
2196:Order
2185:Class
2176:Clade
2169:Tevosa
2167:Clade
2154:Order
2145:Order
2136:Order
2127:Order
2118:Class
2107:Order
2098:Order
2089:Order
2080:Class
2053:Clade
1358:Conosa
1132:Tevosa
884:Amoeba
872:Conosa
641:Obazoa
415:Amoeba
327:Amoeba
254:phylum
240:lobose
175:Conosa
165:Evosea
141:, 1998
136:emend.
9404:WoRMS
9311:90876
9272:14811
8916:Plant
8868:Fungi
8788:CRuMs
6400:Fungi
6202:CRuMs
5264:Fungi
5111:Fungi
4444:S2CID
4356:(PDF)
4293:S2CID
3544:S2CID
3427:(PDF)
3373:Notes
3070:Liver
3037:with
2882:Rad52
2878:Rad51
2874:Rad50
2870:Mre11
2866:Spo11
711:Fungi
599:CRuMs
464:cysts
436:tests
420:Chaos
369:Chaos
309:Chaos
300:taxon
292:fungi
280:clade
111:Clade
9345:NCBI
9319:GBIF
9293:EPPO
8954:Moss
8446:life
8163:Unda
6254:bold
5459:TSAR
4912:PMID
4892:ISBN
4854:ISBN
4829:ISBN
4746:PMID
4697:PMID
4635:PMID
4569:PMID
4518:ISBN
4409:PMID
4366:ISBN
4334:PMID
4285:PMID
4242:PMID
4181:ISBN
4153:PMID
4096:PMID
4045:PMID
3994:ISBN
3963:PMID
3927:PMID
3909:ISSN
3841:PMID
3806:PMID
3760:PMID
3706:PMID
3648:PMID
3594:PMID
3536:PMID
3498:PMID
3191:and
3151:and
3041:and
2916:Dmc1
2893:and
2886:Dmc1
856:rRNA
820:and
482:and
426:and
418:and
371:and
294:and
132:LĂĽhe
57:Had.
36:Pha.
9280:EoL
9257:AFD
5733:CAM
5489:SAR
4902:PMC
4884:doi
4736:PMC
4728:doi
4687:PMC
4677:doi
4625:PMC
4615:doi
4559:PMC
4551:doi
4547:109
4510:doi
4485:hdl
4475:doi
4436:doi
4432:399
4399:doi
4324:doi
4277:doi
4232:PMC
4222:doi
4210:112
4143:PMC
4135:doi
4123:435
4086:PMC
4076:doi
4072:173
4035:PMC
4027:doi
3990:100
3955:doi
3917:PMC
3899:doi
3868:doi
3833:doi
3796:doi
3750:PMC
3740:doi
3696:PMC
3688:doi
3638:PMC
3630:doi
3584:PMC
3576:doi
3528:doi
3488:PMC
3478:doi
3466:108
3439:doi
3169:WHO
3119:or
3111:or
3060:or
3033:or
2934:ATP
2896:Mlh
2890:Msh
449:.
338:or
9428::
9406::
9383::
9370::
9347::
9334::
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