31:
929:
elastic sac. Occasionally, they sit inside the nest while it's still being built, which stretches it downward. They cover the outside with fragments of adjacent plants, including the tree the nest is made in, and add insulating materials like feathers, fur, and downy plant debris. All the adults connected to the nest, including the breeding pair and helpers, sleep there when it's in use.Typically, the couple uses the same nest for their second brood of the year. Regarding its placement, the male and female hang spiderwebs from mistletoe or other foliage to test-sites for their nests. Nest locations are typically found on tree trunks or branches, ranging in height from three to one hundred feet.
1026:
1002:
104:
233:
756:
794:
1038:
79:
726:. None of the bushtits in that location with the black ear patch are adult females; the majority of them are juvenile males with one or two dark lines on their faces rather than a whole patch. Only in the northeastern highlands Mexican highlands does the black-eared variant become more prevalent farther south; all males have a full black ear patch, and even mature females have a black arc covering their eyes and typically a black line across them.
831:
1014:
51:
928:
Both the males and females work together to construct the hanging nest, which can take up to a month to complete. The nest features a hole near the top that goes down into the nest bowl, and it hangs up to a foot below its anchor point. Using spider webs and plant material, the adults create an
979:'s nest. Remarkably, during this time, the entire Bushtit family sleeps together in their large, hanging nest, unlike most breeding birds where only one adult typically sleeps on the nest at a time. After the young birds fledge, they move to sleeping on branches.
1601:
49:
50:
750:
Tiny with a chubby appearance, large head, a lengthy tail, and a compact bill. Their feathers are predominantly plain shades of brown and gray, though the specific plumage colors differ based on their geographic location.
1166:
279:
The
American bushtit's distinguishing characteristics are its petite size, its plump and large head, and its long tail. Its scattered range stretches from highland parts of
773:
Tiny with a long tail and short bill. They display a lighter shade of gray with gray crowns and tan cheeks, whereas those residing near the coast exhibit brown crowns.
5917:
819:
Females in southwest Texas to Mexico have a brown mask and display a shade of light brown. The mask color tends to become darker as a bushtit moves further south.
781:
Males in southwest Texas to Mexico have a black mask and display a shade of brown. The mask color tends to get darker as a bushtit moves further south.
5912:
5962:
3875:
5783:
3505:
5947:
5835:
4436:
2881:
2748:
1292:
5902:
3944:
2961:
2847:
5952:
3792:
2322:
5957:
5942:
5734:
5796:
986:. If there are disturbances in the early nesting stages, they may abandon their nesting attempt and potentially seek a different
1302:
5801:
1644:
703:. The male has dark brown to black eyes while the adult female has yellow eyes. Additionally, bushtits who stay near the
5757:
5922:
1553:
1529:
30:
5937:
975:-building, and both engage in rearing the young. They are aided by other adult males who bring food to the nesting
5840:
920:
environment. Group members frequently communicate with one another through what might be called brief spit calls.
718:. This feature does not occur in the northern part of the American bushtits' range and it was first seen near the
5721:
5626:
361:. The Bushtits display a unique behavior as adult males are typically the helpers that assists and raises the
1468:
1190:
956:, both the male and female Bushtits coorperate to feed and care for them for 14–18 days. They can raise 1-2
5635:
1478:. Pacific Coast Avifauna, Number 34. Berkeley, California: Cooper Ornithological Society. pp. 211–225.
5853:
675:
With a length of 4.3 inches and a weight of 0.18-0.21 ounces, the
American Bushtit is one of the smallest
5932:
5672:
328:
103:
5762:
5677:
1257:
1086:
707:
tend to have a brown "cap" or "crowns", while those further inland have a brown "mask" on their faces.
1544:
602:
5927:
5848:
1593:
1228:
1025:
892:
Regarding its behavior, the
American bushtit has an active and social demeanor. This species forms
635:
446:
182:
5827:
1037:
2918:
1637:
586:
460:
1622:
5788:
5659:
5588:
1588:
5814:
5907:
1116:"Description of twelve new species of birds, chiefly from the vicinity of the Columbia River"
862:
415:
284:
205:
5664:
5646:
3095:
2080:
350:
319:
understory. It can also be found residing in gardens and parks. Their food source is small
1383:
1001:
8:
4198:
3703:
1063:
917:
422:
68:
349:
of 10 to 40 birds and family members sleep together in their large, hanging nest during
2572:
1630:
1539:
1518:
1504:
1358:
1111:
950:
522:
426:
335:
222:
98:
5879:
1570:, A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, F. Gill, Eds. Philadelphia: American Ornithologists Union.
949:
for 11–13 days. The egg is 0.5-0.6 inches in length and 0.4 inches in width. Once the
5695:
5651:
4981:
4882:
3836:
3053:
1549:
1525:
1298:
715:
606:
266:
1483:
Sloane, Sarah A. (1996). "Incidence and origins of nest supernumeraries at
Bushtit (
1337:"Relationships between Black-Eared and Plain-Eared Forms of Bushtits (Psaltriparus)"
1324:. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 61.
1319:
1217:. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 59.
1212:
1115:
5749:
5700:
4644:
3039:
1607:
1496:
1464:
1348:
1261:
1232:
1081:
853:
understory. It can also be found residing in gardens and parks. It lives under the
5726:
5861:
5687:
5541:
4355:
4025:
3151:
2890:
2453:
2263:
1142:
968:
651:
538:
357:
develop wings that are developed enough to fly, they leave the nest and sleep on
346:
5611:
5321:
5272:
5062:
4967:
4787:
4679:
4572:
4527:
4499:
3991:
3710:
3694:
3587:
3259:
2856:
2144:
2133:
1581:
1435:
1265:
953:
946:
719:
570:
554:
506:
434:
5896:
5809:
5534:
5506:
5375:
5339:
5230:
5174:
5146:
5132:
4720:
4697:
4609:
4485:
4457:
4384:
4364:
4240:
4046:
3960:
3857:
3443:
3436:
3394:
3387:
3144:
3088:
3046:
2827:
2721:
2679:
2594:
2523:
2516:
2444:
2424:
2370:
2332:
2193:
2153:
1988:
1912:
1887:
1739:
1072:
957:
893:
474:
464:
442:
397:
88:
83:
1013:
5492:
5469:
5437:
5423:
5409:
5328:
5314:
5181:
5167:
5160:
5102:
5071:
5044:
5016:
5009:
4958:
4933:
4810:
4748:
4623:
4616:
4513:
4506:
4492:
4375:
4335:
4170:
4163:
4140:
4108:
3953:
3898:
3822:
3772:
3765:
3749:
3731:
3608:
3546:
3457:
3342:
3300:
3217:
3032:
2863:
2838:
2820:
2799:
2778:
2739:
2558:
2530:
2474:
2460:
2393:
2252:
2213:
1997:
1933:
1859:
1852:
1838:
1824:
1790:
1410:
269:
257:
232:
165:
755:
5866:
5822:
5770:
5620:
5562:
5478:
5444:
5279:
5251:
5223:
5082:
5037:
4974:
4940:
4842:
4824:
4776:
4734:
4727:
4706:
4672:
4665:
4561:
4554:
4534:
4471:
4450:
4310:
4303:
4261:
4191:
4177:
4060:
4002:
3982:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3815:
3523:
3356:
3328:
3266:
3245:
3165:
3158:
3023:
2998:
2925:
2813:
2785:
2757:
2714:
2643:
2565:
2551:
2509:
2502:
2488:
2481:
2301:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2245:
2105:
2069:
2029:
1963:
1922:
1845:
1831:
1718:
1614:
870:
667:
was previously considered as a separate species due to their black ears.
366:
292:
793:
5874:
5739:
5513:
5485:
5395:
5386:
5348:
5286:
5265:
5216:
5195:
5139:
5125:
5111:
5030:
4988:
4817:
4803:
4741:
4581:
4443:
4412:
4344:
4317:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4219:
4156:
4080:
4053:
4032:
4018:
3864:
3829:
3758:
3717:
3682:
3622:
3594:
3560:
3512:
3471:
3450:
3429:
3415:
3380:
3293:
3276:
3252:
3231:
3186:
3109:
3081:
3060:
2977:
2939:
2904:
2806:
2764:
2603:
2544:
2537:
2433:
2386:
2379:
2343:
2222:
2202:
2162:
2049:
2018:
2004:
1901:
1894:
1810:
1760:
1749:
1508:
1362:
882:
481:
296:
39:
5555:
5451:
5359:
5258:
5153:
5023:
5002:
4898:
4862:
4831:
4796:
4769:
4755:
4713:
4686:
4651:
4637:
4630:
4391:
4289:
4212:
4205:
4184:
4129:
4122:
4094:
4071:
4011:
3891:
3783:
3724:
3629:
3615:
3539:
3408:
3373:
3366:
3349:
3314:
3208:
3193:
3137:
3123:
3102:
3012:
2932:
2897:
2870:
2792:
2728:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2623:
2467:
2359:
2126:
2117:
1970:
1954:
1943:
1873:
1817:
1706:
1691:
1654:
1143:"Bushtit Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
976:
897:
886:
878:
866:
850:
830:
676:
362:
354:
316:
300:
288:
272:
that is found in United States; the other seven species are found in
262:
155:
115:
5775:
5582:
1500:
1353:
1336:
5713:
5605:
5527:
5430:
5416:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5237:
5202:
5188:
5091:
5051:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4762:
4602:
4545:
4419:
4405:
4398:
4254:
4247:
4233:
4101:
4039:
3843:
3808:
3738:
3650:
3580:
3571:
3532:
3489:
3335:
3321:
3224:
3179:
3172:
3130:
3116:
3074:
3067:
2970:
2911:
2771:
2652:
2612:
2579:
2495:
2404:
2236:
1781:
1728:
1673:
1384:"Bushtit Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
1237:
Comptes Rendus
Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences
938:
905:
874:
854:
842:
695:. Moreover, bushtits have different characteristics based on their
455:
393:
308:
252:
135:
5458:
5402:
5368:
5209:
5118:
4995:
4947:
4891:
4871:
4851:
4520:
4464:
4426:
4324:
3967:
3884:
3850:
3636:
3478:
3464:
3422:
3307:
3238:
3005:
2991:
2984:
2946:
2672:
2663:
2632:
2352:
2173:
2011:
1880:
1801:
1770:
1685:
1652:
983:
961:
901:
700:
679:
in North
America. It is mostly gray-brown in color, with a large
273:
5548:
5499:
4478:
4296:
4226:
4149:
4087:
3801:
3643:
3601:
3553:
3401:
3283:
1667:
987:
971:, male and female Bushtits form pairs, actively participate in
942:
913:
909:
858:
430:
358:
324:
320:
280:
125:
1515:
5708:
5520:
4658:
4595:
4588:
4115:
2707:
2413:
2182:
1977:
1866:
1679:
723:
704:
469:
383:
378:
811:
They display grayer crowns and brown cheeks with pale eyes.
5244:
1520:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and
Northern Central America
1055:
972:
692:
688:
684:
680:
592:
West-central, South United States and North-central Mexico
342:
339:
145:
1120:
Journal of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
846:
789:
Tiny like a ping-pong ball with long tail and pale eyes.
696:
377:
The name "bushtit" has its earliest known origins in the
312:
714:) can be recognized from its dark ear patch, called the
982:
However, Bushtits can be sensitive during the breeding
1061:
896:
of 10 to 40 individuals of various species, including
964:
from the first brood may assist in feeding the next.
612:
South-central United States and North-central Mexico
4432:
3501:
3362:
3289:
3272:
2328:
2318:
2233:
1256:
429:, where he reported that the species inhabited the
265:in North America and it is the only species in the
1517:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1087:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22712028A132100477.en
544:Southwest United States and North Baja California
369:for its interesting breeding and mating patterns.
576:South-central Oregon to South-central California
512:Southwest Canada and the Northwest United States
437:. It is now the only species placed in the genus
425:in 1837 by American naturalist and ornithologist
5894:
5918:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
1369:
1191:"Tiny Birds Crowd the Bath | Outside My Window"
1137:
1135:
1133:
1106:
1104:
401:
1638:
1538:
1405:
1403:
1294:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1130:
1101:
834:Congregating on feeder, Tumwater, Washington
1476:Life Histories of Central American Birds II
1645:
1631:
1400:
231:
77:
47:
29:
5913:Native birds of the Western United States
1516:Howell, Steve N. G.; Sophie Webb (1995).
1352:
1297:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 319.
1227:
1085:
345:upon American bushtits. Bushtits live in
5963:Birds of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
1266:"Bushtits, leaf warblers, reed warblers"
1110:
829:
792:
754:
1317:
1290:
1210:
5895:
1482:
1233:"Sur deux espèce nouvelles de Paridae"
421:was given to the bushtit after it was
5587:
5586:
3680:
2103:
1704:
1626:
1334:
1272:. International Ornithologists' Union
1252:
1250:
937:Female Bushtits lay plain white oval
5948:Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental
1433:
1318:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986).
1211:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986).
5903:IUCN Red List least concern species
1073:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
441:that was introduced in 1850 by the
13:
5953:Birds of the Sierra Madre Oriental
1456:
1247:
729:
566:Psaltriparus minimus californicus'
14:
5974:
5958:Birds of the Sierra Madre del Sur
1575:
5943:Taxa named by John Kirk Townsend
1321:Check-List of Birds of the World
1270:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
1214:Check-List of Birds of the World
1036:
1024:
1012:
1000:
598:Psaltriparus minimus dimorphicus
295:, the lowlands and foothills of
102:
2104:
1427:
1328:
1311:
1062:BirdLife International (2018).
631:Psaltriparus minimus personatus
388:which stands for titmouse. The
3681:
1284:
1221:
1204:
1183:
1159:
670:
647:Psaltriparus minimus melanotis
534:Psaltriparus minimus melanurus
528:Coastal Western United States
502:Psaltriparus minimus saturatus
365:; hence it has intrigued many
1:
1705:
1048:
941:in batches of 4-10, but both
582:Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus
5763:bushtit-psaltriparus-minimus
1604:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1584:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
945:share the responsibility of
841:usually inhabits mixed open
801:in Western Washington state.
763:in Western Washington state.
550:Psaltriparus minimus grindae
518:Psaltriparus minimus minimus
372:
329:mixed-species feeding flocks
307:usually inhabits mixed open
261:. It is one of the smallest
7:
1524:. Oxford University Press.
932:
825:
657:South Mexico and Guatemala
409:
406:, meaning something small.
42:, British Columbia, Canada
10:
5979:
1291:Jobling, James A. (2010).
993:
923:
618:Psaltriparus minimus iulus
5595:
5468:
5385:
5358:
5338:
5101:
5081:
5061:
4957:
4881:
4861:
4841:
4786:
4696:
4571:
4544:
4374:
4354:
4334:
4139:
4070:
4001:
3981:
3943:
3874:
3791:
3782:
3748:
3693:
3689:
3676:
3570:
3522:
3497:
3488:
3207:
3022:
2960:
2880:
2846:
2837:
2747:
2738:
2662:
2642:
2622:
2602:
2593:
2443:
2423:
2403:
2369:
2342:
2309:
2300:
2262:
2232:
2212:
2192:
2172:
2152:
2143:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2068:
2048:
2028:
1987:
1953:
1932:
1911:
1800:
1780:
1759:
1738:
1717:
1713:
1700:
1662:
1608:Interactive range map of
1545:The Sibley Guide to Birds
1434:Bird, Alex (2019-01-24).
1229:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
1080:: e.T22712028A132100477.
816:Female (Melanotis group)
791:
753:
230:
211:
204:
99:Scientific classification
97:
75:
66:
58:
46:
37:
28:
23:
5923:Birds of the Great Basin
1657:and their extinct allies
1594:Internet Bird Collection
1335:Raitt, Ralph J. (1967).
625:West and Central Mexico
447:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
5938:Birds described in 1837
1582:Bushtit species account
885:, southern Mexico, and
778:Male (Melanotis group)
473:that was introduced by
459:that was introduced by
402:
299:, southern Mexico, and
255:belonging to the genus
1568:Birds of North America
1469:"Black-eared bush-tit"
1043:Pleasanton, California
835:
802:
799:(Psaltriparus minimus)
764:
761:(Psaltriparus minimus)
560:South Baja California
477:in 1758 for the tits.
1602:Bushtit photo gallery
1562:Sloane, S.A. (2001).
1440:Bird Watching Academy
1388:www.allaboutbirds.org
1171:www.oiseaux-birds.com
1147:www.allaboutbirds.org
863:western United States
833:
796:
758:
641:South-Central Mexico
285:Western United States
5880:Psaltriparus-minimus
5627:Psaltriparus minimus
5597:Psaltriparus minimus
1610:Psaltriparus minimus
1485:Psaltriparus minimus
1465:Skutch, Alexander F.
1411:"Bushtit Fact Sheet"
1264:, eds. (July 2021).
1066:Psaltriparus minimus
691:, and small, stubby
423:originally described
248:Psaltriparus minimus
215:Psaltriparus minimus
1112:Townsend, John Kirk
453:combines the genus
245:or simply bushtit (
69:Conservation status
5933:Birds of Guatemala
1615:IUCN Red List maps
1260:; Donsker, David;
960:a year, and older
836:
808:Female (Interior)
803:
765:
541:& Swarth, 1926
427:John Kirk Townsend
336:sharp-shinned hawk
5890:
5889:
5589:Taxon identifiers
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
4883:Paradoxornithidae
3977:
3976:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3203:
3202:
2956:
2955:
2589:
2588:
2296:
2295:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
1304:978-1-4081-2501-4
1262:Rasmussen, Pamela
845:, which contains
823:
822:
786:Female (Pacific)
661:
660:
461:Coenraad Temminck
449:. The genus name
353:season. Once the
311:, which contains
239:
238:
186:
92:
52:
24:American bushtit
5970:
5883:
5882:
5870:
5869:
5857:
5856:
5844:
5843:
5831:
5830:
5818:
5817:
5805:
5804:
5792:
5791:
5779:
5778:
5766:
5765:
5753:
5752:
5743:
5742:
5730:
5729:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5668:
5667:
5655:
5654:
5642:
5641:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5584:
5583:
4434:
3789:
3788:
3691:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3364:
3291:
3274:
2844:
2843:
2745:
2744:
2600:
2599:
2330:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2235:
2150:
2149:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1701:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1598:
1559:
1535:
1523:
1512:
1479:
1473:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1059:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1004:
770:Male (Interior)
734:
733:
710:The subspecies (
487:
486:
463:in 1836 for the
405:
243:American bushtit
235:
217:
181:
107:
106:
86:
81:
80:
54:
53:
33:
21:
20:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5928:Birds of Mexico
5893:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5878:
5873:
5865:
5862:Observation.org
5860:
5852:
5847:
5839:
5834:
5826:
5821:
5813:
5808:
5800:
5795:
5787:
5782:
5774:
5769:
5761:
5756:
5748:
5746:
5738:
5733:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5634:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5591:
5581:
5568:
5542:Tephrozosterops
5464:
5381:
5354:
5334:
5097:
5077:
5057:
4953:
4877:
4857:
4837:
4782:
4692:
4567:
4540:
4370:
4356:Erythrocercidae
4350:
4330:
4135:
4066:
4026:Cryptosylvicola
3997:
3973:
3939:
3870:
3778:
3744:
3685:
3656:
3566:
3518:
3484:
3199:
3018:
2952:
2876:
2833:
2734:
2658:
2638:
2618:
2585:
2454:Campylorhynchus
2439:
2419:
2399:
2365:
2338:
2292:
2264:Ptiliogonatidae
2258:
2228:
2208:
2188:
2168:
2139:
2108:
2087:
2064:
2044:
2024:
1983:
1949:
1928:
1907:
1796:
1776:
1755:
1734:
1709:
1696:
1658:
1651:
1620:
1589:"Bushtit media"
1587:
1578:
1573:
1556:
1532:
1501:10.2307/4088855
1471:
1463:
1459:
1457:Further reading
1454:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1432:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1354:10.2307/4083332
1333:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1255:
1248:
1226:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1109:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1020:
1017:
1008:
1005:
996:
969:breeding season
935:
926:
828:
797:Female Bushtit
747:Male (Pacific)
737:Identification
732:
730:Identifications
712:P. m. melanotis
673:
665:P. m. melanotis
663:The subspecies
496:Breeding range
416:scientific name
412:
396:comes from the
375:
226:
219:
213:
200:
197:P. minimus
180:
101:
93:
82:
78:
71:
48:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
5976:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5871:
5858:
5845:
5832:
5819:
5806:
5793:
5780:
5767:
5754:
5744:
5731:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5682:
5669:
5656:
5643:
5632:
5617:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5344:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5325:
5322:Thescelocichla
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5273:Phyllastrephus
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5067:
5065:
5063:Phylloscopidae
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4968:Gampsorhynchus
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4847:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4792:
4790:
4788:Macrosphenidae
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4680:Trochalopteron
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4575:
4573:Leiothrichidae
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4528:Stelgidopteryx
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4500:Pseudochelidon
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3878:
3876:Certhilaudinae
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3711:Calamonastides
3707:
3699:
3697:
3695:Acrocephalidae
3687:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3588:Chlamydochaera
3584:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3287:
3280:
3270:
3263:
3260:Cinnyricinclus
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2315:
2313:
2311:incertae sedis
2304:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2145:Bombycilloidea
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1764:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1576:External links
1574:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1536:
1530:
1513:
1480:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1426:
1399:
1368:
1347:(4): 503–528.
1327:
1310:
1303:
1283:
1246:
1220:
1203:
1182:
1158:
1129:
1100:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1006:
999:
995:
992:
934:
931:
925:
922:
849:and a scrubby
827:
824:
821:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
805:
804:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
775:
774:
771:
767:
766:
752:
748:
744:
743:
741:
738:
731:
728:
720:Mexican border
672:
669:
659:
658:
655:
649:
643:
642:
639:
633:
627:
626:
623:
620:
614:
613:
610:
600:
594:
593:
590:
584:
578:
577:
574:
568:
562:
561:
558:
552:
546:
545:
542:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
514:
513:
510:
504:
498:
497:
494:
491:
435:Columbia River
411:
408:
374:
371:
315:and a scrubby
251:) is a social
237:
236:
228:
227:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
194:
192:
188:
187:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
76:
73:
72:
67:
64:
63:
56:
55:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5975:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5881:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5585:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5535:Sterrhoptilus
5532:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5507:Megazosterops
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5340:Scotocercidae
5337:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5175:Calyptocichla
5172:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5147:Arizelocichla
5144:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5133:Altimastillas
5130:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4721:Cincloramphus
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4698:Locustellidae
4695:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4610:Grammatoptila
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4486:Psalidoprocne
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4458:Petrochelidon
4455:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:Alopochelidon
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4365:Erythrocercus
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4241:Micromacronus
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:Heteromirafra
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3858:Melanocorypha
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3506:Meridiocichla
3500:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3444:Speculipastor
3441:
3439:
3438:
3437:Scissirostrum
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3388:Onychognathus
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:Myrmecocichla
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:Heteroxenicus
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3047:Campicoloides
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2828:Xenocopsychus
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:Ramphocinclus
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2680:Cinclocerthia
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Muscicapoidea
2592:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:Odontorchilus
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:Microcerculus
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2445:Troglodytidae
2442:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2425:Tichodromidae
2422:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2371:Polioptilidae
2368:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2333:Kischinskinia
2327:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2194:Hylocitreidae
2191:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2154:Bombycillidae
2151:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1989:Stenostiridae
1986:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:Picathartidae
1910:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1888:Pseudopodoces
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:Chloropseidae
1737:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:0-679-45122-6
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:Sibley, David
1537:
1533:
1531:0-19-854012-4
1527:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1239:(in French).
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1192:
1186:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:
997:
991:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
930:
921:
919:
918:mixed-species
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
832:
818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
806:
800:
795:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
768:
762:
759:Male Bushtit
757:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
668:
666:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
492:
489:
488:
485:
483:
480:There are 10
478:
476:
475:Carl Linnaeus
472:
471:
466:
465:pygmy bushtit
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Parus minimus
417:
407:
404:
399:
398:Old Icelandic
395:
391:
387:
385:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
323:, primarily,
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
234:
229:
224:
218:
216:
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
199:
198:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:Passeriformes
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
96:
90:
85:
84:Least Concern
74:
70:
65:
62:
57:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5908:Psaltriparus
5652:Psaltriparus
5596:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5493:Dasycrotapha
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:Zosteropidae
5457:
5450:
5443:
5438:Pomatorhinus
5436:
5429:
5424:Melanocichla
5422:
5415:
5410:Erythrogenys
5408:
5401:
5394:
5374:
5367:
5347:
5329:Tricholestes
5327:
5320:
5315:Stelgidillas
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5182:Chlorocichla
5180:
5173:
5168:Brachypodius
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5103:Pycnonotidae
5090:
5072:Phylloscopus
5070:
5050:
5045:Schoeniparus
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5017:Malacopteron
5015:
5010:Malacocincla
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:Pellorneidae
4946:
4939:
4934:Paradoxornis
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4870:
4850:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4811:Macrosphenus
4809:
4802:
4795:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4624:Ianthocincla
4622:
4617:Heterophasia
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4560:
4553:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4514:Pygochelidon
4512:
4507:Ptyonoprogne
4505:
4498:
4493:Pseudhirundo
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:Hirundinidae
4363:
4343:
4336:Donacobiidae
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4171:Calamonastes
4169:
4164:Bathmocercus
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:Cisticolidae
4128:
4121:
4114:
4109:Phyllergates
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
3990:
3966:
3959:
3954:Calendulauda
3952:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3899:Ammomanopsis
3897:
3890:
3883:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3823:Chersophilus
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3773:Psaltriparus
3771:
3766:Leptopoecile
3764:
3757:
3750:Aegithalidae
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3704:Acrocephalus
3702:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3609:Entomodestes
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3559:
3552:
3547:Neocossyphus
3545:
3538:
3531:
3511:
3504:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3458:Streptocitta
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3355:
3348:
3343:Lamprotornis
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3301:Goodfellowia
3299:
3292:
3282:
3275:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3218:Acridotheres
3216:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3033:Brachypteryx
3031:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2869:
2864:Cercotrichas
2862:
2855:
2839:Muscicapinae
2826:
2821:Swynnertonia
2819:
2812:
2805:
2800:Pogonocichla
2798:
2791:
2784:
2779:Cossyphicula
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2740:Muscicapidae
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2651:
2631:
2611:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2559:Thryorchilus
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2531:Pheugopedius
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2475:Cinnycerthia
2473:
2466:
2461:Cantorchilus
2459:
2452:
2432:
2412:
2394:Ramphocaenus
2392:
2385:
2378:
2358:
2351:
2331:
2321:
2310:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2251:
2244:
2221:
2214:Hypocoliidae
2201:
2181:
2161:
2132:
2125:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1998:Chelidorhynx
1996:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1942:
1934:Promeropidae
1921:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1860:Pardaliparus
1858:
1853:Melanochlora
1851:
1844:
1839:Machlolophus
1837:
1830:
1825:Cephalopyrus
1823:
1816:
1809:
1789:
1769:
1748:
1727:
1690:Infraorder:
1619:
1609:
1592:
1567:
1563:
1543:
1519:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:
1429:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1293:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1269:
1240:
1236:
1223:
1213:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1193:. 2020-01-31
1185:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1123:
1119:
1091:. Retrieved
1077:
1071:
1065:
1057:
981:
966:
936:
927:
891:
838:
837:
798:
760:
740:Description
722:, mainly in
711:
709:
674:
664:
662:
646:
630:
617:
597:
581:
565:
549:
533:
517:
501:
484:recognized:
479:
468:
454:
451:Psaltriparus
450:
439:Psaltriparus
438:
418:
413:
389:
382:
376:
333:
304:
278:
270:Aegithalidae
258:Psaltriparus
256:
247:
246:
242:
240:
214:
212:
196:
195:
177:Psaltriparus
176:
175:
166:Aegithalidae
60:
59:Song of the
18:
5849:Neotropical
5823:NatureServe
5771:iNaturalist
5621:Wikispecies
5563:Zosterornis
5479:Apalopteron
5445:Spelaeornis
5280:Poliolophus
5252:Microtarsus
5083:Pnoepygidae
5038:Ptilocichla
4975:Graminicola
4941:Rhopophilus
4843:Nicatoridae
4825:Sphenoeacus
4777:Schoenicola
4735:Helopsaltes
4728:Elaphrornis
4707:Bradypterus
4673:Pterorhinus
4666:Montecincla
4562:Pholidornis
4535:Tachycineta
4472:Phedinopsis
4451:Orochelidon
4437:Miochelidon
4311:Schistolais
4304:Scepomycter
4262:Oreophilais
4192:Drymocichla
4178:Camaroptera
4061:Xanthomixis
4003:Bernieridae
3983:Alcippeidae
3934:Ramphocoris
3927:Pinarocorys
3920:Eremopterix
3913:Chersomanes
3906:Certhilauda
3816:Calandrella
3524:Myadestinae
3329:Hartlaubius
3267:Creatophora
3246:Arizelopsar
3166:Pinarochroa
3159:Phoenicurus
3024:Saxicolinae
2999:Leucoptilon
2926:Melaenornis
2882:Muscicapini
2814:Stiphrornis
2786:Dessonornis
2758:Chamaetylas
2749:Erithacinae
2715:Oreoscoptes
2644:Elachuridae
2573:Troglodytes
2566:Thryothorus
2552:Thryophilus
2510:Hylorchilus
2503:Henicorhina
2489:Cyphorhinus
2482:Cistothorus
2302:Certhioidea
2287:Ptiliogonys
2280:Phainoptila
2273:Phainopepla
2246:Chaetoptila
2106:Muscicapida
2081:Passeroidea
2070:Passeroidea
2059:See below ↓
2039:See below ↓
2030:Muscicapida
1964:Anthoscopus
1923:Picathartes
1846:Melaniparus
1832:Lophophanes
1719:Chaetopidae
1495:: 757–770.
1258:Gill, Frank
1243:: 478–479 .
1126:: 187–192 .
1093:12 November
967:During the
871:Great Basin
671:Description
490:Subspecies
445:naturalist
367:naturalists
293:Great Basin
5897:Categories
5875:Xeno-canto
5514:Parayuhina
5486:Cleptornis
5396:Cyanoderma
5387:Timaliidae
5349:Scotocerca
5287:Pycnonotus
5217:Hypsipetes
5196:Euptilotus
5140:Andropadus
5126:Alophoixus
5112:Acritillas
5031:Pellorneum
4989:Illadopsis
4982:Gypsophila
4818:Melocichla
4804:Cryptillas
4742:Locustella
4582:Actinodura
4444:Neophedina
4413:Cheramoeca
4345:Donacobius
4318:Spiloptila
4283:Phyllolais
4276:Phragmacia
4269:Orthotomus
4220:Hypergerus
4157:Artisornis
4081:Abroscopus
4054:Thamnornis
4033:Hartertula
4019:Crossleyia
3945:Mirafrinae
3865:Spizocorys
3837:Eremophila
3830:Eremalauda
3759:Aegithalos
3718:Chloropeta
3683:Sylvioidea
3623:Hylocichla
3595:Cichlopsis
3561:Stizorhina
3513:Pinarornis
3472:Sturnornis
3451:Spodiopsar
3430:Saroglossa
3416:Rhabdornis
3381:Notopholia
3294:Fregilupus
3277:Cryptopsar
3253:Basilornis
3232:Ampeliceps
3187:Thamnolaea
3110:Leonardina
3082:Heinrichia
3061:Emarginata
3054:Cinclidium
2978:Cyanoptila
2962:Niltavinae
2940:Namibornis
2905:Empidornis
2848:Copsychini
2807:Sheppardia
2765:Cichladusa
2604:Buphagidae
2545:Thryomanes
2538:Salpinctes
2434:Tichodroma
2387:Polioptila
2380:Microbates
2344:Certhiidae
2223:Hypocolius
2203:Hylocitrea
2163:Bombycilla
2050:Sylvioidea
2019:Stenostira
2005:Culicicapa
1902:Sylviparus
1895:Sittiparus
1811:Baeolophus
1761:Hyliotidae
1750:Chloropsis
1684:Suborder:
1655:passerides
1653:Genera of
1487:) nests".
1445:2023-10-22
1420:2023-10-22
1415:The Spruce
1393:2023-10-22
1276:7 December
1197:2023-10-22
1176:2023-10-22
1152:2023-10-22
1049:References
947:incubation
898:chickadees
883:California
869:, via the
677:passerines
622:Jouy, 1894
603:Van Rossem
525:, JK, 1837
493:Authority
482:subspecies
355:offsprings
338:and other
297:California
291:, via the
263:passerines
61:P. minimus
40:Chilliwack
5556:Zosterops
5452:Stachyris
5360:Sylviidae
5259:Neolestes
5154:Baeopogon
5024:Napothera
5003:Laticilla
4899:Chrysomma
4863:Panuridae
4832:Sylvietta
4797:Achaetops
4770:Robsonius
4756:Megalurus
4714:Catriscus
4687:Turdoides
4652:Liocichla
4645:Leiothrix
4638:Leioptila
4631:Laniellus
4392:Atronanus
4290:Poliolais
4213:Euryptila
4206:Eremomela
4185:Cisticola
4130:Urosphena
4123:Tickellia
4095:Hemitesia
4072:Cettiidae
4012:Bernieria
3892:Ammomanes
3793:Alaudinae
3784:Alaudidae
3725:Hippolais
3630:Ridgwayia
3616:Geokichla
3540:Myadestes
3409:Poeoptera
3374:Neocichla
3367:Necropsar
3350:Leucopsar
3315:Gracupica
3209:Sturnidae
3194:Vauriella
3138:Myophonus
3124:Monticola
3103:Larvivora
3013:Sholicola
2933:Muscicapa
2919:Humblotia
2898:Bradornis
2871:Copsychus
2793:Erithacus
2729:Toxostoma
2701:Melanotis
2694:Margarops
2687:Dumetella
2624:Cinclidae
2468:Catherpes
2360:Salpornis
2323:Certhiops
2127:Corthylio
2118:Regulidae
1971:Auriparus
1955:Remizidae
1944:Promerops
1874:Periparus
1818:Cyanistes
1707:Passerida
1692:Passerida
1666:Kingdom:
1548:. Knopf.
1436:"Bushtit"
1167:"Bushtit"
908:for tiny
887:Guatemala
879:foothills
867:Vancouver
857:parts of
851:chaparral
843:woodlands
716:auricular
636:Bonaparte
607:Hachisuka
587:Baird, SF
373:Etymology
363:nestlings
317:chaparral
309:woodlands
301:Guatemala
289:Vancouver
191:Species:
183:Bonaparte
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
5828:2.102220
5815:22712028
5789:10197140
5665:22712028
5660:BirdLife
5612:Q2746307
5606:Wikidata
5528:Staphida
5431:Mixornis
5417:Macronus
5308:Spizixos
5301:Setornis
5294:Rubigula
5238:Ixonotus
5203:Eurillas
5189:Criniger
5092:Pnoepyga
5052:Turdinus
4927:Myzornis
4920:Moupinia
4913:Lioparus
4906:Fulvetta
4763:Poodytes
4603:Garrulax
4546:Hyliidae
4420:Delichon
4406:Cecropis
4399:Atticora
4255:Oreolais
4248:Neomixis
4234:Malcorus
4102:Horornis
4040:Oxylabes
3844:Galerida
3809:Alaudala
3739:Nesillas
3651:Zoothera
3581:Catharus
3572:Turdinae
3533:Grandala
3490:Turdidae
3336:Hylopsar
3322:Grafisia
3225:Agropsar
3180:Tarsiger
3173:Saxicola
3152:Oenanthe
3131:Myiomela
3117:Luscinia
3075:Ficedula
3068:Enicurus
3040:Calliope
2971:Anthipes
2912:Fraseria
2891:Agricola
2772:Cossypha
2653:Elachura
2613:Buphagus
2580:Uropsila
2496:Ferminia
2405:Sittidae
2237:Mohoidae
1782:Irenidae
1729:Chaetops
1674:Chordata
1672:Phylum:
1668:Animalia
1542:(2000).
1467:(1960).
1231:(1850).
1114:(1837).
962:siblings
933:Breeding
902:warblers
875:lowlands
861:and the
855:highland
839:Bushtits
826:Behavior
701:habitats
683:, short
652:Hartlaub
539:Grinnell
523:Townsend
456:Psaltria
410:Taxonomy
394:titmouse
359:branches
351:breeding
305:Bushtits
283:and the
253:songbird
223:Townsend
162:Family:
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
5750:bushtit
5740:2494988
5459:Timalia
5403:Dumetia
5369:Curruca
5210:Hemixos
5119:Alcurus
4996:Kenopia
4948:Suthora
4892:Chamaea
4872:Panurus
4852:Nicator
4521:Riparia
4465:Phedina
4427:Hirundo
4325:Urolais
3992:Alcippe
3968:Mirafra
3885:Alaemon
3851:Lullula
3637:Ixoreus
3479:Sturnus
3465:Sturnia
3423:Sarcops
3308:Gracula
3239:Aplonis
3006:Niltava
2992:Eumyias
2985:Cyornis
2947:Sigelus
2673:Allenia
2664:Mimidae
2633:Cinclus
2353:Certhia
2174:Dulidae
2134:Regulus
2012:Elminia
1881:Poecile
1802:Paridae
1771:Hyliota
1686:Passeri
1678:Class:
1564:Bushtit
1509:4088855
1363:4083332
1341:The Auk
994:Gallery
984:process
943:parents
924:Nesting
914:spiders
910:insects
687:, long
571:Ridgway
555:Ridgway
507:Ridgway
433:of the
431:forests
325:spiders
321:insects
274:Eurasia
225:, 1837)
172:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
5854:bushti
5802:178764
5747:GNAB:
5722:EURING
5714:bushti
5688:bushti
5640:bushti
5549:Yuhina
5500:Heleia
5376:Sylvia
5231:Ixodia
4479:Progne
4297:Prinia
4227:Incana
4199:Eminia
4150:Apalis
4088:Cettia
4047:Randia
3802:Alauda
3644:Turdus
3602:Cochoa
3554:Sialia
3402:Pholia
3395:Pastor
3284:Enodes
3096:Irania
2857:Alethe
1552:
1528:
1507:
1361:
1301:
958:broods
951:chicks
906:forage
894:flocks
873:, the
859:Mexico
654:, 1844
638:, 1850
609:, 1938
605:&
589:, 1854
573:, 1884
557:, 1883
509:, 1903
443:French
347:flocks
281:Mexico
267:family
185:, 1850
5867:76660
5841:88120
5784:IRMNG
5727:14310
5709:eBird
5701:4NB5F
5685:BOW:
5521:Rukia
5161:Bleda
4749:Malia
4659:Minla
4596:Cutia
4589:Argya
4555:Hylia
4116:Tesia
3732:Iduna
2708:Mimus
2414:Sitta
2183:Dulus
1978:Remiz
1867:Parus
1791:Irena
1566:. In
1505:JSTOR
1472:(PDF)
1359:JSTOR
954:hatch
904:, to
724:Texas
705:coast
470:Parus
467:with
400:word
384:parus
381:word
379:Latin
340:birds
5836:NCBI
5810:IUCN
5797:ITIS
5776:7266
5735:GBIF
5678:9646
5673:BOLD
5245:Ixos
5224:Iole
3357:Mino
2253:Moho
2079:See
1680:Aves
1550:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1278:2021
1095:2021
1078:2018
1031:Nest
1019:Nest
1007:Nest
988:mate
977:pair
973:nest
939:eggs
912:and
900:and
877:and
847:oaks
699:and
693:beak
689:tail
685:neck
681:head
414:The
403:titr
343:prey
334:The
313:oaks
241:The
146:Aves
5758:IBC
5696:CoL
5647:ADW
5636:ABA
5266:Nok
1613:at
1497:doi
1493:113
1489:Auk
1349:doi
1082:doi
916:in
881:of
865:to
697:sex
392:in
390:tit
327:in
287:to
38:In
5899::
5877::
5864::
5851::
5838::
5825::
5812::
5799::
5786::
5773::
5760::
5737::
5724::
5711::
5698::
5675::
5662::
5649::
5638::
5623::
5608::
1591:.
1503:.
1491:.
1474:.
1438:.
1413:.
1402:^
1386:.
1371:^
1357:.
1345:84
1343:.
1339:.
1268:.
1249:^
1241:31
1235:.
1169:.
1145:.
1132:^
1122:.
1118:.
1103:^
1076:.
1070:.
990:.
889:.
331:.
303:.
276:.
4433:†
3502:†
3363:†
3290:†
3273:†
2329:†
2319:†
2234:†
1936:?
1915:?
1763:?
1742:?
1721:?
1646:e
1639:t
1632:v
1597:.
1558:.
1534:.
1511:.
1499::
1448:.
1423:.
1396:.
1365:.
1351::
1307:.
1280:.
1200:.
1179:.
1155:.
1124:7
1097:.
1084::
1068:"
1064:"
386:,
221:(
91:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
