472:
278:
836:
783:
leave the ancestry question blank on their census forms. Ethnicity is receding from the consciousness of many white
Americans. Because national origins do not count for very much in contemporary America, many whites are content with a simplified Americanized racial identity. The loss of specific ancestral attachments among many white Americans also results from high patterns of intermarriage and ethnic blending among whites of different European stocks."
379:
1415:
its mind, the
American nation-state, its land, its history, its mission and its Anglo-American people were woven into one great tapestry of the imagination. This social construction considered the United States to be founded by the "Americans", who thereby had title to the land and the mandate to mould the nation (and any immigrants who might enter it) in their own Anglo-Saxon, Protestant self-image.
778:
write "As whites become increasingly distant in generations and time from their immigrant ancestors, the tendency to distort, or remember selectively, one's ethnic origins increases.... thnic categories are social phenomena that over the long run are constantly being redefined and reformulated." Mary
581:
data, an increasing number of United States citizens identify simply as "American" on the question of ancestry. The Census Bureau reports the number of people in the United States who reported "American" and no other ancestry increased from 12.4 million in 1990 to 20.2 million in 2000. This increase
1414:
In the case of the United States, the national ethnic group was Anglo-American
Protestant ("American"). This was the first European group to "imagine" the territory of the United States as its homeland and trace its genealogy back to New World colonists who rebelled against their mother country. In
794:
Some people identify their ancestry as
American. This could be because their ancestors have been in United States for so long or they have such mixed backgrounds that they do not identify with any particular group. Some foreign born or children of the foreign born may report American to show that
782:
Professors
Anthony Daniel Perez and Charles Hirschman write "European national origins are still common among whites—almost 3 of 5 whites name one or more European countries in response to the ancestry question. ... However, a significant share of whites respond that they are simply "American" or
323:
has been explained primarily in psychological and economic terms to the neglect of a crucial cultural and ethnic dimension. Kauffman contends
American nativism cannot be understood without reference to the theorem of the age that an "American" national ethnic group had taken shape prior to the
1223:
To be or to become an
American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist
779:
C. Waters contends that white
Americans of European origin are afforded a wide range of choice: "In a sense, they are constantly given an actual choice—they can either identify themselves with their ethnic ancestry or they can 'melt' into the wider society and call themselves American."
645:
246:
to identify an ancestral or cultural identity dates to the late 1500s, with the term signifying "the indigenous peoples discovered in the
Western Hemisphere by Europeans." In the following century, the term "American" was extended as a reference to colonists of European descent. The
315:. He believed "(t)he conquest and settlement by the whites of the Indian lands was necessary to the greatness of the race...." "We are making a new race, a new type, in this country." Roosevelt's "race" beliefs were not unique in the 19th and early 20th century. Professor
767:
Reynolds Farley writes that "we may now be in an era of optional ethnicity, in which no simple census question will distinguish those who identify strongly with a specific
European group from those who report symbolic or imagined ethnicity."
162:. The majority of these respondents are visibly white and do not identify with their ancestral European ethnic origins. The latter response is attributed to a multitude of generational distance from ancestral lineages, and these tend be
812:. The study concluded that Inferred British/Irish ancestry is found in European Americans from all states at mean proportions of more than 20% and represents a majority of ancestry (more than 50% mean proportion) in states such as
1614:
The upsurge of the faithful fueled bigotry among Americans who demonized cities and discounted foreigners, especially Catholics and Jews, as true citizens. Old stock American nativists feared that "papists"...
824:. These states are similarly highlighted in the map of the self-reported "American" ethnicity in the US Census survey, which might reflect regions with lower subsequent migration from other parts of Europe.
597:, making them the largest group at the time. In the 2000 United States Census, 6.9% of the American population chose to self-identify itself as having "American ancestry." The four states in which a
468:; "Ancestry refers to a person's ethnic origin or descent, 'roots,' or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States."
2159:
1241:
759:
demography is considered to be seriously undercounted, as the 6.9% of U.S. Census respondents who self-report and identify simply as "American" are primarily of these ancestries.
864:
680:
and Indiana did so. American was one of the top five ancestries reported in all Southern states except for Delaware, in four Midwestern states bordering the South (Indiana,
2447:
582:
represents the largest numerical growth of any ethnic group in the United States during the 1990s. The state with the largest increase over the past two census was
2583:
2526:
795:
they are part of American society. There are many reasons people may report their ancestors as American, and the growth in this response has been substantial.
3669:
3795:
3785:
3745:
2163:
325:
4724:
4719:
4669:
454:
155:
1206:
3429:
2440:
437:
from Southern and Eastern European countries was ratified, also quantifying previous formal and informal anti-Asian previsions, such as the
131:
2593:
2561:
2491:
724:. The pattern of areas with high levels of American is similar to that of areas with high levels of not reporting any national ancestry.
252:
4709:
3738:
2611:
2851:
2511:
2465:
2433:
2893:
2735:
2710:
2578:
874:
2342:
2920:
2551:
2531:
2521:
2486:
660:. American was the fourth most common ancestry reported in the Midwest (6.5%) and West (4.1%). All Southern states except for
331:"Nativism" gained its name from the "Native American" parties of the 1840s and 1850s. In this context, "Native" does not mean
3912:
2856:
2506:
2229:
2094:
1925:
1898:
1871:
1838:
1805:
1778:
1751:
1724:
1697:
1664:
1637:
1607:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1465:
1438:
1352:
1319:
1292:
1189:
1150:
1120:
1068:
1012:
985:
958:
546:
372:
352:
340:
332:
2033:
Lieberson, Stanley & Waters, Mary C. (1986). "Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites".
2827:
2626:
2556:
2541:
3896:
3126:
3119:
3052:
2839:
2725:
2566:
2003:
Lieberson, Stanley; Santi, Lawrence (1985). "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns".
2947:
2844:
2822:
2641:
2501:
805:
395:
320:
268:
114:
3825:
2678:
2621:
2573:
2496:
2456:
1580:
1216:
407:
143:
110:
2757:
2715:
2700:
2516:
442:
221:
4714:
2767:
2705:
368:
272:
1224:
ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.
648:
Map showing areas in red with high concentration of people who self-report as having "American" ancestry in 2000
2812:
2787:
2668:
2588:
2481:
2135:
415:
2160:"Selected Social Characteristics in the United States (DP02): 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2110:
4348:
2648:
2616:
2603:
348:
312:
256:
4418:
2720:
2653:
2546:
2270:
Bryc, Katarzyna; Durand, Eric Y.; Macpherson, J. Michael; Reich, David; Mountain, Joanna L. (2015-01-08).
4684:
4659:
4455:
2792:
1599:
The Civil War Era and Reconstruction: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural and Economic History
1029:
849:
787:
399:
187:
251:
identifies this secondary meaning as "historical" and states that the term "American" today "chiefly a
4440:
2663:
2185:
Lieberson, Stanley (1985). "The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns".
578:
391:
4664:
4631:
4275:
3755:
3353:
2272:"The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States"
1375:"American Exceptionalism Reconsidered: Anglo-Saxon Ethnogenesis in the "Universal" Nation, 1776–1850"
1257:
728:
590:
190:
186:
ancestries, as demographers have observed that those ancestries tend to be recently undercounted in
4729:
4679:
4654:
3438:
3285:
3007:
2957:
2903:
2695:
67:
20:
1627:
4616:
4223:
3765:
2935:
2871:
1262:
903:
434:
1344:
4403:
2962:
2817:
2688:
2245:
2221:
1090:"The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of the US Population: Emerging American Identities"
1089:
752:
653:
484:
471:
426:
299:
and asks, "Why should I let these freaks cast whole ballots when they are only half Americans?"
171:
63:
1915:
1888:
1828:
1654:
1597:
1570:
1516:
1489:
1455:
1428:
1309:
1282:
1140:
975:
948:
4583:
4500:
4465:
4460:
4361:
3820:
3790:
3520:
3483:
3405:
3253:
3248:
2861:
2762:
2536:
2084:
1863:
1795:
1768:
1741:
1714:
1687:
1543:
1179:
1110:
1058:
1002:
568:
438:
430:
16:
People in the United States who self-identify their ancestral origin or descent as "American"
4573:
4563:
4553:
4543:
4495:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4366:
3805:
3770:
3760:
3597:
3415:
3385:
3339:
3205:
3180:
3002:
2940:
2832:
1950:
841:
634:
394:
from the 1830s to the 1850s, primarily in response to a surge of Catholic immigration. The
364:
277:
197:
8:
4568:
4538:
4528:
4518:
4398:
4292:
3891:
3884:
3862:
3840:
3835:
3723:
3644:
3463:
3400:
3370:
3322:
3312:
3265:
3241:
3195:
3190:
3038:
2908:
2866:
2797:
2782:
2777:
2673:
859:
344:
296:
147:
1890:
Ideas and Movements that Shaped America: From the Bill of Rights to "Occupy Wall Street"
4591:
4558:
4548:
4523:
4432:
4371:
4356:
4341:
3810:
3780:
3708:
3686:
3654:
3632:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3564:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3473:
3448:
3375:
3317:
3280:
3229:
3224:
3096:
3089:
3074:
3057:
3033:
3012:
2997:
2987:
2972:
2952:
2930:
2876:
2807:
2772:
2413:
2397:
2349:
2319:
2306:
2271:
2214:
2050:
1985:
1969:
1405:
1397:
1337:
869:
854:
748:
713:
556:
500:
465:
304:
179:
4533:
4475:
4408:
3867:
3852:
3845:
3815:
3775:
3750:
3733:
3691:
3659:
3649:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3552:
3547:
3540:
3530:
3468:
3453:
3395:
3390:
3358:
3327:
3290:
3275:
3258:
3217:
3185:
3163:
3136:
3084:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2925:
2913:
2802:
2752:
2405:
2311:
2293:
2225:
2198:
2090:
2016:
1977:
1921:
1894:
1867:
1856:
1834:
1801:
1774:
1747:
1720:
1693:
1660:
1633:
1603:
1576:
1549:
1522:
1495:
1461:
1434:
1409:
1348:
1315:
1288:
1212:
1185:
1146:
1116:
1064:
1008:
981:
954:
809:
771:
756:
336:
308:
217:
213:
183:
167:
127:
4265:
4079:
2425:
2417:
2353:
2054:
1989:
1797:
Americanism and Americanization: A Critical History of Domestic and Global Influence
335:
or American Indian, but rather those descended from the inhabitants of the original
4485:
4480:
4470:
4450:
4129:
4007:
3927:
3857:
3830:
3800:
3713:
3696:
3674:
3592:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3424:
3332:
3305:
3295:
3270:
3236:
3168:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3131:
3079:
3069:
3062:
3043:
3019:
2992:
2898:
2631:
2387:
2323:
2301:
2283:
2194:
2042:
2012:
1959:
1389:
744:
740:
657:
594:
561:
551:
541:
533:
512:
495:
490:
422:
96:
4445:
4393:
4034:
3997:
3952:
3879:
3728:
3718:
3681:
3664:
3637:
3572:
3493:
3478:
3458:
3380:
3363:
3344:
3300:
3210:
3200:
3173:
3158:
3114:
2683:
732:
586:, where in 2000, over 1.5 million residents reported having "American ancestry."
526:
283:
243:
237:
175:
163:
2046:
4626:
4287:
4240:
4104:
4099:
4064:
4049:
3627:
3443:
3410:
2888:
2883:
2288:
1830:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850's
775:
751:
in the United States, forming 37.8% of the total population. However, English,
736:
630:
626:
519:
505:
1770:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1743:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1430:
Nativism and Slavery: The Northern Know Nothings and the Politics of the 1850s
1393:
598:
476:
4703:
4332:
4203:
4151:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4109:
4029:
4002:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3535:
2658:
2297:
1917:
What Is "Your" Race?: The Census and Our Flawed Efforts to Classify Americans
614:
403:
356:
316:
83:
1374:
351:, Sweden, the Netherlands, and even modern-day Russia and Finland. They saw
4312:
4188:
3972:
2315:
1027:
411:
383:
205:
2409:
1981:
4307:
4228:
4208:
4094:
3967:
3872:
944:
813:
622:
288:
200:
data indicates "American ancestry" is most commonly self-reported in the
1716:
The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the 19th Century
1545:
The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the 19th Century
1401:
1311:
Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism
4270:
4213:
4044:
2401:
1973:
1487:
225:
209:
201:
4317:
4069:
4644:
4621:
4596:
4322:
4218:
4074:
4024:
3942:
1030:"The Largest Ancestry Groups in the United States - Business Insider"
821:
610:
292:
159:
79:
27:
4054:
2392:
2375:
1964:
1945:
1426:
1142:
Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration
1000:
4601:
4255:
4245:
4173:
4146:
4059:
4039:
3977:
3957:
3937:
3932:
1886:
817:
697:
685:
677:
665:
661:
606:
602:
480:
151:
75:
71:
378:
4680:
Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
4413:
4327:
4302:
4250:
4235:
4119:
3947:
3917:
2636:
2133:
1659:. ACLS Humanities E-Book. Rutgers University Press. p. 181.
717:
669:
638:
618:
410:
was formed in 1848. Popularised nativist movements included the
4606:
4198:
4183:
4178:
4166:
4161:
4089:
4019:
3922:
3701:
1689:
Anti-communism in Twentieth-century America: A Critical History
1656:
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
1339:
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
705:
681:
656:
as a whole, 11.2% reported "American" ancestry, second only to
644:
360:
2376:"The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?"
2035:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1946:"The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?"
865:
Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States
406:
anti-Irish, anti-German, and anti-Catholic secret society the
4297:
4280:
4260:
4193:
4156:
4084:
4014:
2086:
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 6: Ethnicity
1858:
A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America
1181:
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture: Volume 6: Ethnicity
899:
721:
701:
673:
583:
26:
For the article on the population of the United States, see
4611:
3962:
1572:
Becoming Old Stock: The Paradox of German-American Identity
1205:
Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip (1982).
973:
709:
693:
689:
676:
reported 10% or more American, but outside the South, only
402:
of the preceding spring and summer, in December 1844. The
2269:
943:
593:, 26% of United States residents cited that they were of
1096:. 2009;35(1):1-51. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00260.x.
307:
asserted that an "American race" had been formed on the
4676:
Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
1112:
Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America
220:
not with ancestry, race, or ethnicity, but rather with
1787:
950:
American Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism
786:
The response of American ancestry is addressed by the
2455:
2111:"Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 - Table 3"
1491:
The Brief American Pageant: A History of the Republic
1420:
1138:
311:, one distinct from other ethnic groups, such as the
1595:
1568:
1488:
David M. Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen; Mel Piehl (2017).
1204:
1184:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 19–.
831:
398:
was founded as a nativist fraternity, following the
1800:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 52.
1056:
617:(18.7%). Sizable percentages of the populations of
433:. Nativism would eventually influence Congress; in
2213:
2089:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 19.
1855:
1773:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59 (note 18).
1646:
1336:
601:of the population reported American ancestry were
2066:
2064:
994:
939:
937:
4701:
1625:
1481:
1447:
1307:
1028:Liz O'Connor, Gus Lubin and Dina Specto (2013).
967:
953:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 153–159.
924:
922:
920:
429:acquired a restrictive political meaning due to
2032:
1913:
1427:Tyler Anbinder; Tyler Gregory Anbinder (1992).
1001:Kazimierz J. Zaniewski; Carol J. Rosen (1998).
2341:
2216:Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America
2070:
2061:
2002:
1887:Michael Green; Scott L. Stabler Ph.D. (2015).
1880:
1826:
1766:
1739:
1314:. Harvard University Press. pp. 302–304.
1280:
1165:
1159:
1108:
1052:
1050:
934:
928:
455:Race and ethnicity in the United States Census
156:officially recognized racial and ethnic groups
2441:
1853:
1820:
1760:
1685:
1619:
1589:
1134:
1132:
917:
2028:
2026:
1847:
1733:
1104:
1102:
1007:. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. pp. 65–69.
2238:
2082:
1920:. Princeton University Press. p. 177.
1907:
1793:
1679:
1575:. Princeton University Press. p. 122.
1514:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1334:
1301:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1177:
1047:
747:(5.4%) were the four largest self-reported
154:as "American", rather than the more common
2448:
2434:
2220:. University of California Press. p.
2178:
2134:Census Atlas of the United States (2013).
1328:
1129:
1004:The Atlas of Ethnic Diversity in Wisconsin
2391:
2305:
2287:
2184:
2023:
1963:
1712:
1562:
1541:
1508:
1099:
808:analyzed the genetic ancestry of 148,789
641:(11.8%) also reported American ancestry.
2152:
2129:
2127:
2076:
1833:. Oxford University Press. p. 272.
1535:
1518:Dissent: The History of an American Idea
1433:. Oxford University Press. p. 107.
1372:
1361:
1269:
1211:. Harvard University Press. p. 62.
643:
470:
425:(pre-Civil War), between 1830 and 1860,
377:
276:
212:, a far greater number of Americans and
4725:European-American culture in Appalachia
4645:People of the United States / Americans
2894:Southeast Africans in the United States
2852:African immigrants to the United States
1939:
1937:
1746:. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
1706:
1460:University of Iowa Press. p. 174.
1284:Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race
1171:
1084:
1082:
1080:
875:Race and ethnicity in the United States
347:," were predominantly Protestants from
262:
4702:
2921:Southern Africans in the United States
2763:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
2373:
2276:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2211:
1943:
1652:
1629:Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History
1494:. Cengage Learning. pp. 218–220.
1236:
1234:
1232:
974:Garrick Bailey; James Peoples (2013).
892:
804:A 2015 genetic study published in the
435:1924, legislation limiting immigration
4720:Culture of the Southern United States
2857:Central Africans in the United States
2429:
2124:
1862:. Columbia University Press. p.
1343:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
2828:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
2343:"Ancestry: 2000 (Census 2000 Brief)"
2162:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
1934:
1453:
1077:
762:
720:), but only one Northeastern state,
58:Regions with significant populations
3897:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
3120:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
3053:North Africans in the United States
2840:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
1229:
977:Essentials of Cultural Anthropology
459:
390:Nativist outbursts occurred in the
326:immigration of the mid-19th century
193:ancestry self-reporting estimates.
13:
2948:West Africans in the United States
2823:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
1060:American Folklore: An Encyclopedia
806:American Journal of Human Genetics
696:, and in six Northwestern states (
396:Order of United American Mechanics
359:values, as they were loyal to the
269:Nativism in United States politics
14:
4741:
4710:Demographics of the United States
4492:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
3826:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
2457:Demographics of the United States
1115:. A&C Black. pp. 57–60.
1094:Population and Development Review
980:. Cengage Learning. p. 215.
408:Order of the Star Spangled Banner
242:The earliest attested use of the
4670:Race and ethnicity in the census
2758:African diaspora in the Americas
2374:Farley, Reynolds (August 1991).
1178:Celeste Ray (February 1, 2014).
834:
2768:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
2263:
2205:
2103:
1996:
1521:. NYU Press. pp. 268–270.
1198:
448:
273:Xenophobia in the United States
2813:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
2788:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
1139:Elliott Robert Barkan (2013).
1021:
483:) ancestry background in each
416:Immigration Restriction League
412:Know Nothing or American Party
384:Know Nothing or American Party
1:
4349:Hispanic and Latino Americans
1596:Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2015).
1569:Russell Andrew Kazal (2004).
880:
443:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
439:Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
158:that make up the bulk of the
52:2021 estimates, self-reported
4419:Indigenous Mexican Americans
2199:10.1016/0049-089X(85)90011-0
2017:10.1016/0049-089X(85)90011-0
1057:Jan Harold Brunvand (2006).
885:
257:citizen of the United States
231:
7:
4660:Maps of American ancestries
4456:French Polynesian Americans
2793:Dutch West Indian Americans
2352:. June 2004. Archived from
2047:10.1177/0002716286487001004
1382:Journal of American Studies
1145:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 791–.
850:19th-century Anglo-Saxonism
827:
799:
788:United States Census Bureau
400:Philadelphia nativist riots
355:as a threat to traditional
144:people in the United States
10:
4746:
4441:Pacific Islander Americans
2334:
2289:10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010
1602:. Routledge. p. 130.
452:
266:
235:
150:their ancestral origin or
25:
18:
4640:
4632:Punjabi Mexican Americans
4582:
4511:
4431:
3905:
3756:Liechtensteiner Americans
3563:
3107:
2745:
2734:
2602:
2472:
2463:
1944:Farley, Reynolds (1991).
1893:. ABC-CLIO. p. 714.
1719:. Routledge. p. 87.
1626:Andrew Robertson (2010).
1548:. Routledge. p. 88.
1394:10.1017/S0021875899006180
1308:Reginald Horsman (2009).
1258:Oxford English Dictionary
1063:. Routledge. p. 54.
947:; David O. Sears (2014).
729:American Community Survey
367:is often identified with
249:Oxford English Dictionary
191:American Community Survey
126:
121:
108:
103:
97:American English dialects
94:
89:
62:
57:
46:
41:
4655:Native American ancestry
3430:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
3286:Indo-Caribbean Americans
3008:Sierra Leonean Americans
2958:Bissau-Guinean Americans
2904:South Sudanese Americans
2212:Waters, Mary C. (1990).
1914:Kenneth Prewitt (2013).
1794:van Elteren, M. (2006).
1692:. ABC-CLIO. p. 11.
1373:Kaufmann, E. P. (1999).
749:European ancestry groups
68:Midwestern United States
21:Native American ancestry
19:Not to be confused with
4617:Louisiana Creole people
3766:Luxembourgish Americans
2936:South African Americans
2872:Equatoguinean Americans
2187:Social Science Research
2005:Social Science Research
1827:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1767:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1740:Tyler Anbinder (1992).
1632:. SAGE. p. aa266.
1281:Thomas G. Dyer (1992).
1263:Oxford University Press
1109:Dominic Pulera (2004).
1088:Perez AD, Hirschman C.
904:University of Minnesota
373:anti-Catholic sentiment
4715:Southern United States
4404:Puerto Rican Americans
2963:Cape Verdean Americans
2818:Saint Lucian Americans
2594:Ethnocultural politics
2562:Racial achievement gap
2492:Educational attainment
1854:Greg Robinson (2009).
1686:Larry Ceplair (2011).
797:
654:Southern United States
649:
574:
387:
300:
64:Southern United States
4501:New Zealand Americans
4466:Micronesian Americans
4461:Marshallese Americans
4362:Costa Rican Americans
3821:Sammarinese Americans
3791:Montenegrin Americans
3521:Azerbaijani Americans
3484:Palestinian Americans
3406:Singaporean Americans
3254:Bangladeshi Americans
2862:Cameroonian Americans
2584:Unemployment by state
1208:Concepts of Ethnicity
792:
647:
474:
453:Further information:
431:nativist moral panics
414:of the 1850s and the
381:
280:
267:Further information:
236:Further information:
122:Related ethnic groups
4574:Venezuelan Americans
4564:Surinamese Americans
4554:Paraguayan Americans
4544:Ecuadorian Americans
4496:Australian Americans
4387:Salvadoran Americans
4382:Panamanian Americans
4377:Nicaraguan Americans
4367:Guatemalan Americans
3806:Portuguese Americans
3771:Macedonian Americans
3761:Lithuanian Americans
3598:Belarusian Americans
3416:Vietnamese Americans
3386:Indonesian Americans
3340:Sri Lankan Americans
3206:Fuzhounese Americans
3003:Senegalese Americans
2941:Zimbabwean Americans
2833:Vincentian Americans
2166:on February 14, 2020
2083:Celeste Ray (2014).
1515:Ralph Young (2015).
1335:John Higham (2002).
842:United States portal
365:American nationalism
287:, August 9, 1899 by
263:Historical reference
4569:Uruguayan Americans
4539:Colombian Americans
4529:Brazilian Americans
4519:Argentine Americans
4399:Dominican Americans
4293:Alaskan Athabaskans
3892:Non-Hispanic whites
3885:Ukrainian Americans
3863:Slovenian Americans
3841:Norwegian Americans
3836:Icelandic Americans
3724:Hungarian Americans
3670:Dagestani Americans
3645:Bulgarian Americans
3464:Jordanian Americans
3401:Malaysian Americans
3371:Cambodian Americans
3323:Pakistani Americans
3313:Maldivian Americans
3266:Bhutanese Americans
3242:Mongolian Americans
3196:Taiwanese Americans
3191:Hong Kong Americans
3039:Ethiopian Americans
2909:Tanzanian Americans
2867:Congolese Americans
2798:Grenadian Americans
2783:Bermudian Americans
2778:Barbadian Americans
2512:Housing segregation
2466:Demographic history
2359:on December 4, 2004
2071:Ancestry: 2000 2004
1653:Higham, J. (2002).
1166:Ancestry: 2000 2004
1034:Businessinsider.com
929:Ancestry: 2000 2004
860:Hyphenated American
357:American republican
353:Catholic immigrants
345:Old Stock Americans
319:has suggested that
253:native (birthright)
132:American ancestries
38:
4559:Peruvian Americans
4549:Guyanese Americans
4524:Bolivian Americans
4446:Chamorro Americans
4372:Honduran Americans
4357:Belizean Americans
4342:Canadian Americans
3811:Romanian Americans
3781:Moldovan Americans
3709:Galician Americans
3687:Estonian Americans
3655:Croatian Americans
3633:Scottish Americans
3588:Austrian Americans
3583:Asturian Americans
3578:Albanian Americans
3526:Georgian Americans
3516:Assyrian Americans
3511:Armenian Americans
3474:Lebanese Americans
3449:Bahraini Americans
3376:Filipino Americans
3318:Nepalese Americans
3281:Gujarati Americans
3230:Ryukyuan Americans
3225:Japanese Americans
3097:Sudanese Americans
3090:Tunisian Americans
3075:Algerian Americans
3058:Egyptian Americans
3034:Eritrean Americans
3013:Togolese Americans
2998:Nigerian Americans
2988:Liberian Americans
2973:Ghanaian Americans
2953:Beninese Americans
2931:Malawian Americans
2877:Gabonese Americans
2808:Jamaican Americans
2773:Bahamian Americans
2679:Moorish Scientists
2579:Standard of living
2350:U.S. Census Bureau
1713:Katie Oxx (2013).
1542:Katie Oxx (2013).
855:Canadian ethnicity
810:European Americans
650:
575:
466:U.S. Census Bureau
388:
343:ancestry). These "
305:Theodore Roosevelt
301:
188:U.S. Census Bureau
48:19,364,103 (5.93%)
36:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4650:American ancestry
4534:Chilean Americans
4476:Palauan Americans
4409:Mexican Americans
3868:Spanish Americans
3853:Serbian Americans
3846:Swedish Americans
3816:Russian Americans
3796:Occitan Americans
3786:Monacan Americans
3776:Maltese Americans
3751:Latvian Americans
3746:Kosovan Americans
3734:Italian Americans
3692:Finnish Americans
3660:Cypriot Americans
3650:Catalan Americans
3623:English Americans
3618:Cornish Americans
3613:British Americans
3608:Bosnian Americans
3603:Belgian Americans
3553:Turkish Americans
3548:Kurdish Americans
3541:Israeli Americans
3531:Iranian Americans
3469:Kuwaiti Americans
3454:Emirati Americans
3396:Laotian Americans
3391:Iu Mien Americans
3359:Burmese Americans
3328:Punjabi Americans
3291:Punjabi Americans
3276:Bengali Americans
3259:Bengali Americans
3218:Tibetan Americans
3186:Chinese Americans
3164:Turkmen Americans
3137:Pashtun Americans
3085:Moroccan American
2983:Ivorian Americans
2978:Guinean Americans
2968:Gambian Americans
2926:Angolan Americans
2914:Ugandan Americans
2803:Haitian Americans
2753:African Americans
2552:Racial inequality
2522:Income inequality
2487:Gender inequality
2231:978-0-520-07083-7
2096:978-1-4696-1658-2
1927:978-1-4008-4679-5
1900:978-1-61069-252-6
1873:978-0-231-52012-6
1840:978-0-19-508922-6
1807:978-0-7864-2785-7
1780:978-0-19-508922-6
1753:978-0-19-508922-6
1726:978-1-136-17603-6
1699:978-1-4408-0047-4
1666:978-0-8135-3123-6
1639:978-0-87289-320-7
1609:978-1-317-45791-6
1555:978-1-136-17603-6
1528:978-1-4798-1452-7
1501:978-1-285-19329-8
1467:978-1-60938-093-9
1457:The American H.D.
1454:Debo, A. (2012).
1440:978-0-19-507233-4
1354:978-0-8135-3123-6
1321:978-0-674-03877-6
1294:978-0-8071-1808-5
1191:978-1-4696-1658-2
1152:978-1-59884-219-7
1122:978-0-8264-1643-8
1070:978-1-135-57878-7
1014:978-0-299-16070-8
987:978-1-285-41555-0
960:978-0-521-82883-3
772:Stanley Lieberson
763:Academic analysis
745:Italian Americans
741:English Americans
423:antebellum period
341:Colonial American
337:Thirteen Colonies
321:American nativism
309:American frontier
297:hyphenated voters
218:national identity
140:American ancestry
137:
136:
128:White Southerners
37:American ancestry
4737:
4486:Tongan Americans
4481:Samoan Americans
4471:Native Hawaiians
4451:Fijian Americans
4353:Central America
3913:Native Americans
3858:Slovak Americans
3831:Danish Americans
3801:Polish Americans
3714:German Americans
3697:French Americans
3675:Lezgin Americans
3593:Basque Americans
3536:Jewish Americans
3504:Yemeni Americans
3499:Syrian Americans
3489:Qatari Americans
3425:Romani Americans
3333:Sindhi Americans
3306:Telugu Americans
3296:Sindhi Americans
3271:Indian Americans
3237:Korean Americans
3169:Uyghur Americans
3154:Kyrgyz Americans
3149:Kazakh Americans
3144:Baloch Americans
3132:Afghan Americans
3080:Libyan Americans
3070:Berber Americans
3063:Coptic Americans
3044:Somali Americans
3020:Yoruba Americans
2993:Malian Americans
2899:Kenyan Americans
2743:
2742:
2736:By continent and
2507:Household income
2450:
2443:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2395:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2347:
2328:
2327:
2309:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2246:"About Ancestry"
2242:
2236:
2235:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1967:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1861:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1379:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1342:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1254:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1074:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1018:
998:
992:
991:
971:
965:
964:
941:
932:
926:
915:
914:
912:
910:
896:
844:
839:
838:
837:
757:British American
733:German Americans
658:African American
595:British ancestry
579:2000 U.S. census
573:
571:
566:
564:
563:African American
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
536:
531:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
498:
493:
485:county in the US
460:Statistical data
53:
42:Total population
39:
35:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4730:White Americans
4700:
4699:
4698:
4689:
4636:
4578:
4507:
4427:
4394:Cuban Americans
4035:Mission Indians
3901:
3880:Swiss Americans
3729:Irish Americans
3719:Greek Americans
3682:Dutch Americans
3665:Czech Americans
3638:Welsh Americans
3573:White Americans
3559:
3494:Saudi Americans
3479:Omani Americans
3459:Iraqi Americans
3381:Hmong Americans
3364:Karen Americans
3345:Tamil Americans
3301:Tamil Americans
3211:Hoklo Americans
3201:Hakka Americans
3174:Uzbek Americans
3159:Tajik Americans
3115:Asian Americans
3103:
3030:Horn of Africa
2738:ethnic ancestry
2737:
2730:
2696:Native American
2684:Nation of Islam
2674:Five Percenters
2598:
2567:Racial wage gap
2557:Race and health
2542:Personal income
2474:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2424:
2393:10.2307/2061465
2362:
2360:
2356:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2210:
2206:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2125:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2062:
2031:
2024:
2001:
1997:
1965:10.2307/2061465
1942:
1935:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1425:
1421:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1355:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1279:
1270:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1219:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1107:
1100:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1055:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1022:
1015:
999:
995:
988:
972:
968:
961:
942:
935:
927:
918:
908:
906:
898:
897:
893:
888:
883:
840:
835:
833:
830:
802:
765:
737:Irish Americans
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
494:
489:
488:
462:
457:
451:
363:. This form of
275:
265:
244:term "American"
240:
238:American (word)
234:
164:Anglo-Americans
160:American people
51:
50:
34:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4288:Alaska Natives
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4266:Tohono Oʼodham
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:Manx Americans
3625:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3444:Arab Americans
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3411:Thai Americans
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3354:Southeast Asia
3351:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2889:Igbo Americans
2886:
2884:Fula Americans
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Scientologists
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2689:Value Creators
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2537:Middle classes
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:Home-ownership
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2386:(3): 411–429.
2370:
2369:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2262:
2237:
2230:
2204:
2177:
2151:
2123:
2102:
2095:
2075:
2060:
2022:
1995:
1958:(3): 411–429.
1933:
1926:
1906:
1899:
1879:
1872:
1846:
1839:
1819:
1806:
1786:
1779:
1759:
1752:
1732:
1725:
1705:
1698:
1678:
1665:
1645:
1638:
1618:
1608:
1588:
1581:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1527:
1507:
1500:
1480:
1466:
1446:
1439:
1419:
1360:
1353:
1327:
1320:
1300:
1293:
1268:
1228:
1217:
1197:
1190:
1170:
1158:
1151:
1128:
1121:
1098:
1076:
1069:
1046:
1020:
1013:
993:
986:
966:
959:
933:
916:
890:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
846:
845:
829:
826:
801:
798:
776:Mary C. Waters
764:
761:
631:South Carolina
627:North Carolina
464:According to
461:
458:
450:
447:
418:of the 1890s.
264:
261:
233:
230:
135:
134:
124:
123:
119:
118:
109:Predominantly
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
87:
86:
60:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4742:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:South America
4510:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:North America
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2845:Black Indians
2843:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Non-religious
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:(79): 82–86.
2040:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1582:0-691-05015-5
1578:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:(3): 437–57.
1387:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1287:. LSU Press.
1286:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1218:9780674157262
1214:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1005:
997:
989:
983:
979:
978:
970:
962:
956:
952:
951:
946:
940:
938:
930:
925:
923:
921:
905:
901:
895:
891:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
832:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
796:
791:
789:
784:
780:
777:
773:
769:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:) as well as
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
646:
642:
640:
637:(13.3%), and
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:West Virginia
613:(17.3%), and
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
580:
577:According to
572:
565:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
530:
523:
516:
509:
502:
497:
492:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
467:
456:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:New York City
401:
397:
393:
385:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
322:
318:
317:Eric Kaufmann
314:
310:
306:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
281:Cartoon from
279:
274:
270:
260:
258:
254:
250:
245:
239:
229:
227:
223:
219:
216:equate their
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:self-identify
145:
141:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
115:Protestantism
112:
107:
102:
98:
93:
88:
85:
84:West Virginia
81:
77:
73:
70:, especially
69:
65:
61:
56:
49:
45:
40:
29:
22:
4649:
3127:Central Asia
2726:Zoroastrians
2574:Social class
2383:
2379:
2363:December 10,
2361:. Retrieved
2354:the original
2282:(1): 37–53.
2279:
2275:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2252:. 2021-12-03
2249:
2240:
2215:
2207:
2193:(1): 44–46.
2190:
2186:
2180:
2170:November 10,
2168:. Retrieved
2164:the original
2154:
2142:. Retrieved
2117:
2105:
2085:
2078:
2038:
2034:
2011:(1): 44–46.
2008:
2004:
1998:
1955:
1949:
1916:
1909:
1889:
1882:
1857:
1849:
1829:
1822:
1811:. Retrieved
1796:
1789:
1769:
1762:
1742:
1735:
1715:
1708:
1688:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1655:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1598:
1591:
1571:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1456:
1449:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1385:
1381:
1338:
1330:
1310:
1303:
1283:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1222:
1207:
1200:
1180:
1173:
1161:
1141:
1111:
1093:
1059:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
1023:
1003:
996:
976:
969:
949:
907:. Retrieved
894:
803:
793:
790:as follows:
785:
781:
770:
766:
753:Scotch-Irish
743:(7.6%), and
727:In the 2014
726:
651:
588:
576:
570:Puerto Rican
463:
449:Modern usage
420:
389:
382:Flag of the
330:
324:large-scale
313:Anglo-Saxons
302:
282:
248:
241:
206:Upland South
195:
172:Scotch-Irish
139:
138:
111:Christianity
47:
33:Ethnic group
4665:2010 census
4584:Multiethnic
3873:Californios
3739:before 1880
2642:Protestants
2604:By religion
2517:Immigration
2473:By economic
2073:, p. 7
1242:"American,
1168:, p. 6
945:Jack Citrin
931:, p. 3
909:October 12,
900:"IPUMS USA"
870:Melting Pot
814:Mississippi
623:Mississippi
591:1980 census
427:Americanism
421:During the
289:J. S. Pughe
222:citizenship
214:expatriates
198:U.S. census
4704:Categories
4592:Afro-Asian
4214:Potawatomi
4045:Chemehuevi
3249:South Asia
2711:Rastafaris
2669:Ahmadiyyas
2622:Christians
2497:Emigration
2475:and social
2380:Demography
2256:2023-04-29
2250:Census.gov
2136:"Ancestry"
2118:Census.gov
1951:Demography
1813:2023-04-29
1672:2023-04-29
1473:August 26,
881:References
714:Washington
369:xenophobia
333:indigenous
303:President
226:allegiance
210:Appalachia
202:Deep South
142:refers to
130:and other
4622:Melungeon
4597:Amerasian
4323:Tsimshian
4130:Chochenyo
4075:Kitanemuk
4025:Menominee
4008:Tuscarora
3943:Chickasaw
3928:Blackfeet
3439:West Asia
3181:East Asia
2701:Neopagans
2627:Catholics
2617:Buddhists
2482:Affluence
2298:0002-9297
2144:April 10,
1410:145140497
1039:April 10,
886:Citations
822:Tennessee
739:(10.4%),
735:(14.4%),
633:(13.7%),
629:(13.7%),
625:(14.0%),
621:(16.8%),
611:Tennessee
609:(20.7%),
605:(15.7%),
599:plurality
501:Norwegian
477:plurality
392:Northeast
386:, c. 1850
293:Uncle Sam
232:Etymology
196:Although
182:or other
95:English (
90:Languages
80:Tennessee
28:Americans
4602:Blaxican
4414:Chicanos
4308:Gwich'in
4256:Shoshone
4246:Seminole
4174:Muscogee
4147:Tataviam
4110:Suisunes
4060:Diegueño
4040:Cahuilla
3998:Onondaga
3978:Iroquois
3958:Comanche
3953:Colville
3938:Cheyenne
3933:Cherokee
2527:Language
2418:41503995
2316:25529636
2055:60711423
1990:41503995
1402:27556685
828:See also
818:Arkansas
800:Genetics
698:Colorado
686:Missouri
678:Missouri
666:Maryland
662:Delaware
607:Kentucky
603:Arkansas
557:American
487:in 2000:
481:majority
441:and the
180:Scottish
113:(mainly
104:Religion
76:Kentucky
72:Arkansas
4627:Mulatto
4433:Oceania
4328:Tlingit
4318:Iñupiat
4303:Alutiiq
4251:Shawnee
4236:Quechan
4120:Awaswas
4105:Serrano
4100:Salinan
4080:Luiseño
4070:Juaneño
4065:Esselen
4050:Chumash
3948:Choctaw
3918:Abenaki
2664:Muslims
2637:Mormons
2632:Coptics
2612:Baha'is
2547:Poverty
2410:1936376
2402:2061465
2335:Sources
2324:3889161
2307:4289685
2120:. 2017.
1982:1936376
1974:2061465
718:Wyoming
670:Florida
652:In the
639:Indiana
635:Georgia
619:Alabama
589:In the
552:Spanish
542:Mexican
535:Italian
514:Finnish
496:English
349:England
184:British
168:English
152:descent
4685:Racism
4607:Cajuns
4276:Yakama
4241:Salish
4219:Pueblo
4204:Pawnee
4199:Paiute
4184:Ojibwe
4179:Navajo
4167:Yokuts
4162:Wintun
4152:Tongva
4140:Tamyen
4135:Karkin
4125:Chalon
4115:Ohlone
4090:Patwin
4055:Cupeño
4030:Mohave
4020:Lenape
4003:Seneca
3993:Oneida
3988:Mohawk
3983:Cayuga
3923:Apache
3702:Cajuns
3565:Europe
2746:Africa
2649:Hindus
2589:Wealth
2416:
2408:
2400:
2322:
2314:
2304:
2296:
2228:
2093:
2053:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1924:
1897:
1870:
1837:
1804:
1777:
1750:
1723:
1696:
1663:
1636:
1606:
1579:
1552:
1525:
1498:
1464:
1437:
1408:
1400:
1351:
1347:–136.
1318:
1291:
1215:
1188:
1149:
1119:
1067:
1011:
984:
957:
820:, and
755:, and
706:Oregon
688:, and
682:Kansas
672:, and
547:Native
528:French
491:German
361:papacy
208:, and
204:, the
82:, and
4333:Yupik
4313:Haida
4298:Aleut
4281:Yaqui
4261:Sioux
4194:Odawa
4189:Osage
4157:Wappo
4085:Miwok
4015:Kiowa
3973:Houma
2721:Sikhs
2654:Jains
2414:S2CID
2398:JSTOR
2357:(PDF)
2346:(PDF)
2320:S2CID
2139:(PDF)
2114:(PDF)
2051:S2CID
1986:S2CID
1970:JSTOR
1406:S2CID
1398:JSTOR
1378:(PDF)
1253:(PDF)
722:Maine
702:Idaho
674:Texas
584:Texas
521:Irish
507:Dutch
479:(not
295:sees
176:Welsh
4612:Hapa
4229:Zuni
4209:Pima
4095:Pomo
3968:Crow
3963:Cree
3108:Asia
2659:Jews
2532:LGBT
2406:PMID
2365:2017
2312:PMID
2294:ISSN
2226:ISBN
2172:2016
2146:2017
2091:ISBN
1978:PMID
1922:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1868:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1475:2023
1462:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1248:adj.
1246:and
1213:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1041:2017
1009:ISBN
982:ISBN
955:ISBN
911:2022
774:and
710:Utah
694:Iowa
690:Ohio
475:The
371:and
284:Puck
271:and
224:and
146:who
66:and
4271:Ute
4224:Zia
2388:doi
2302:PMC
2284:doi
2195:doi
2043:doi
2039:487
2013:doi
1960:doi
1390:doi
1345:133
375:.
259:."
255:or
166:of
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2037:.
2025:^
2009:14
2007:.
1984:.
1976:.
1968:.
1956:28
1954:.
1948:.
1936:^
1866:.
1864:22
1612:.
1412:.
1404:.
1396:.
1386:33
1384:.
1380:.
1363:^
1271:^
1261:.
1255:.
1244:n.
1231:^
1221:.
1131:^
1101:^
1092:.
1079:^
1049:^
1032:.
936:^
919:^
902:.
816:,
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700:,
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291:.
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2148:.
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2057:.
2045::
2019:.
2015::
1992:.
1962::
1930:.
1903:.
1876:.
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