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years. The record that breaks this exception goes to the Alupas who ruled their territory for nearly thousand years. Alupas though originated as a ruler to the coastal region of
Karnataka around the beginning of the Christian era, it is only around the 5th century they made their debut as a dynasty as witnessed in the epigraph of Halmidi. The last ruler's name that we see in the epigraph of Venupura (Moodubidre), belong to the 14th century CE. There are over two hundred stone epigraphs left behind this dynasty and only about one hundred and twenty epigraphs have been read and deciphered so far. The finest record of the early Kannada script is seen in the 7th century CE copper plate of Belmannu. There is yet another set of five copper plates that surfaced in the beginning of 2007, but no information is known about the ruler, provenance within the district of Udupi or its content.
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1621:
mentions about his instruction to "neeruvara munnuru" i.e. Neeruvara-300, the modern
Neelavara village Assembly. It states that after paying 100 gadyanas (coins) to the palace and 30 gadyanas to Adhikari, remaining 30 gadyanas, should be used by the village assembly for its expense. Yet another inscription of Veerapandyadeva's queen Ballamahadevi, the next ruler is also seen here. The record mentions that when Ballamahadevi was ruling her kingdom with the help of samastapradanas, Deshi purushas, Bahattara niyogis and Rishi Purohita, she gave a grant to Niruvara Bhagavati, out of 100 honnus that is paid to the palace. This inscription was written by Keshava Senabhova as mentioned in the epigraph.
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District. Also, the region of Humcha in the
Shimoga district, and the land of Kasaragod in Kerala up to the Payasvini river was the boundary in the south. The term Alvakheda is not seen in the inscriptions during the Vijayanagara period, when the region of Barakuru and Mangalore were two separate provinces under the administration of Governors who started controlling the territory without interfering in the autonomy of the Alupas.
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1592:. An old belief is that lighting a lamp at the ancient Anantheshwara Temple takes away evil and sins. It is one of the biggest temple in Udupi. The main idol is Linga, whose adornment makes it to look like a Face of Lord Siva. From a small window on the left, the site where Madhvacharya disappeared is seen.
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Romans and Arabs. Trade routes from with the Romans were well established as early as the 2nd century CE and with the Arabs around 7th century CE. The
Netravati in Mangalore and Seethanadi in Barkur are the main rivers that run in the capital cities of Alupas. Other rivers such as Suvarnanadi, Shambhavi in
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inscriptions on them. Coins with
Kannada legends seem to have minted in Mangalore and those with Nagari legend at the Udupi mint. Kannada was their language of administration. The Pagodas and Fanams were the common coinage of all the Alupa kings. The obverse of the coins carried the royal emblem "Two
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of Uttara
Kannada were attracted during 7th century CE by the Alupas and were given Agraharas for imparting Vedic knowledge to the people of Alvakheda. The Alupas built many temples and allowed these Brahmins to take care of it. The legend says that there were hundreds of temples that every day there
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that fences the land like a fort that formed a heaven for the ruler. More than it, number of rivers that crisscrossed near
Mangalore, Udyavara made this land fertile. The western ghats, the thick forests and the towns along the shoreline of Arabian sea established several sea ports for trade with the
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Alupas put coins into circulation in 8th century CE and continued the tradition till 14th century CE. Their coins carried the dynastic emblem of "Two fishes over a spread Lotus flower, below a royal umbrella". Nearly 180 unique coins have been known so far, of which around 175 coins are published in
636:
Although Alupas controlled part of Uttara
Kannada and Shimoga of Karnataka and northern part of Kerala during the zenith, the core region consisted of the Old Dakshina Kannada district which comprises Modern Dakshina Kannada district and Udupi district. In the ancient times, the region was referred
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inscription of 450 CE where their possible early ruler
Pashupathi of Alapa (Alupa) gana is mentioned. Pashupathi was the contemporary of the Kadambas. Hence for historical record, we can safely assume that the dynastic formation of Alupas took place around 5th century CE. Their royal emblem was the
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branch which governed for Siri, Siva, Pulumavi and Yajna
Satakarnis, prior to the Kadambas. With the Kadambas rule from Banavasi, Karnataka saw developments in the field of art and culture. Land of Karnataka saw more and more epigraphs that recorded the activities of the past, mostly erected in the
1628:. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or
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Both Sri Vittla Panchalingeshwara and Sri Udupi Anantheshwara Temple have Elephant-back type curvilinear structure. Another temple of similar architecture is also seen in Aihole Durga temple, appears to be a structure of 7th century CE. So, tagging it to any architectural style is ruled out unless
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Alupas rule confined to the modern districts of Udupi, Mangalore and parts of Shimoga and Uttara Kannada districts in the state of Karanataka and part of northern Kerala (Kasaragod district) up to Payashvini river. In the history of India, no other single dynasty has ever ruled for over thousands
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The term Alvakheda could be seen in several of ancient inscriptions of the Alupas. The region of Alvakheda encompassed the modern Tulunadu, northern and central part of Udupi district and part of Uttara Kannada up to Ankola on the coastal north and Banavasi on the interior west of Uttara Kannada
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In modern Mangalore district, Kadri has the other important and old temple that belonged to the era of Alupas. The temple has several finest bronze statues installed by the King Kundavarma, which bears inscriptions of him dated 968 CE. In the inscription of Lokeshwara statue, king Kundavarma is
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This paragraph is about the inscription found at Neelavara temple of Udupi district. This is all about the grant in "Gadyana" denomination. The Alupas while ruling from Barakuru showed great interest in the development of temple. This record is of the Alupa ruler Veerapandyadeva, dated 1258 CE
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The first known epigraph that talks about the possession of Banavasi Mandala (Banavasi kingdom of Uttara Kannada District) by the Alupas, belongs to the reign of Western Chalukya king Vinayaditya. Te epigraph comes from Jambani of Sagar Taluk, discovered by Dr Gururaj Bhat, mentions about
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in the North Kanara (Uttara Kannada District). During this period, they patronised several temples in the surrounding areas of Barakuru (which was their capital). Neelavara Kshetra is one such a holy place where Mahishasuramardini temple has several Alupa inscriptions of later period.
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This temple is one of the oldest temple of Alupa territory, built during 7th century CE. The architecture of the temple is in line with that of Sri Ananteshwara temple which is the oldest temple built by the Alupas. The architecture is unique and is an innovation of 7th century. The
565:, who in early times were included in Chalukya dominions. Saletore further adds that the Naga origin of the Alupas is proved by two facts. The figure of a hooded serpent which is found in an effaced Alupa stone inscription in the Gollara Ganapati temple in Mangalore and their ultra
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more detailed study or research is done on this topic. The unique noteworthy feature of the architecture of South Canara temples is their roof. Being in a landscape of high rainfall, the temple roofs evolved from grass, clay tiles and eventually with the copper-plates.
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1557:, Udyavara to Mangalore and then again to Barkur depending on the political situation and demand. To be in centre to their ruling place, they even shifted their capital to Barakur from where they could look after the vast territory which spread up to
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is one of the oldest temple that has the earliest inscription of the Alupa dynasty, written in 8th century Kannada. The temple is dedicated to Sri Rajarashewari, and Alupa kings enriched this temple during throughout their rule.
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with the change in political scenario of Southern India. Their influence over coastal Karnataka lasted for about 1200 years. There is evidence that the Alupas followed the law of matrilineal inheritance
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The Alupas were one of the three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of
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is a festival in one or other temple of the region. The temple of Vittla Panchalingeshwara is one of the oldest structure which was renovated by the later local dynasties such as Heggades.
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in Kannada language is attributed to Aluvarasa II, called the Belamannu plates and is dated the early 8th century, according to Dr. Gururaj Bhat. This full-length Kannada copper plates in
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Chitravahana Alupendra in possession of Kadamba mandala. This is, in fact, the first stone epigraph that points the ruler as a subordinate to Western Chalukya King (8th century CE). An
1632:. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue coins. Shown below is the hand-drawing of some of the Pandya Gadyanas (Alupa coins) obverse image.
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follow Matrilineality instead of the common Patrilineality, and are said to be Nagavanshi Kshatriyas by their maternal origin. They can be identified with their surnames such as
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Kheda is named Bhuta Alupa Pandya The descendants of this dynasty still survive to this date and have spread in the karavali region and they are widely referred to as the
324:
310:
1108:, Karkala Taluk, Udupi District, and displays the double crested fish, the royal emblem of Alupa kings. The records also refers to the king with the title Alupendra.
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Diagonally opposite to the main entrance of the Sri Krishna Mutt, and adjacent to the Chandramouleeshwara Temple, stands one of the oldest Alupa temple namely
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in the Aihole and Mahakuta inscriptions which claims the Alupas had accepted Chalukya overlordship and become their feudatory. They ruled initially from
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Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)
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dynasty (ಅಳುಪೆರ್, ಆಳ್ವೆರ್) (circa 2nd century C.E to 15th century C.E) was an ancient ruling dynasty of India. The kingdom they ruled was known as
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The region stretches from Mangalore in the south all the way to swarna river in the north. On the west is the Arabian sea and on the east is the
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states that the Alupa royal family were possibly of local origin who were followers of "Shaivism" and later 10th century they accepted Jainism,
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621:). Their coins carried the dynastic title "Sri Pandya Dhananjaya" which means "Arjuna among the Pandyas". The Alupas now remain as
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inscription in Kannada is dated to early 7th century. They maintained marital relations with their overlords over the centuries.
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The Alupas built some fine temples in their area of rule. The Panchalingeshwara temple at Barkur, Brahmalingeshwara temple at
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487:, the 2nd century geographer identifies the Alvakheda as Olokhoira which is widely believed to be a corruption of the term
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the book written by Prabhu and Pai. The detailed history, with proper reference pointers is also seen in the same book.
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The last Alupa king to have ruled is Kulasekharadeva Alupendradeva whose inscription dated 1444 CE have been found in
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caste. Whereas, B. A. Saletore mentions that the title Alupa (Alva) survives till this day in the Bunt community .
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The Royal emblem of the Alupas shows a pair of fishes flanked by twin crescent moons under a royal white umbrella
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Tjhulunaadina Jaina Arasu Manethanagalu published by Hampi University... under Edition Of Chinnaswamy Sosale.
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are the coastal regions that supported more of marine activities though agriculture is the other occupation.
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356:. The Alupas in their prime were an independent dynasty, centuries after reigning due to the dominance of
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and during the later part of the reign, the region between swarna and chandragiri river was referred as
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Ancient Karnāṭaka, Volume 1 Issue 53 of Poona oriental series Ancient Karnāṭaka, Bhasker Anand Saletore
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Fishes" and the reverse had the legend "Sri Pandya Dhanamjaya" either in Nagari or old (Hale) Kannada.
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region and supported as an agricultural backbone of the kingdom and the region of Mangalore, Udupi and
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are attributed to them. They used sculptural styles from their various overlords over the centuries.
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Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara Gazetteer of India Volume 12 of Karnataka State Gazetteer
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from Banavasi, they became feudatory to them. Later they became the vassals of the
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Govindraya Prabhu S, Nithyananda Pai M, "The Alupas, Coinage and history", 2006,
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2057:(Hardbound), Manipal Printers, Published by SG Prabhu, Sanoor, 2006, 500 copies.
1805:. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. Press. p. 38.
1120:), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of Alupa dynasty of
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1002:, Nandini and numerous streams all running from east to west. The region of
645:. The term Tulunadu is still practised today while referring to the region.
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1155:(450 C.E) which mentions Pashupathi, the earliest known Alupa king by name.
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script (early 8th century CE) belongs to the Alupa King Aluvarasa II from
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The rule over Uttara Kannada region, with Banavasi as its capital was by
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Coinage of the Alupas. Uncertain ruler, Chattopadhyaya Type II. Legend
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1144:. It is one of the oldest inscriptions available about Alupa dynasty.
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of the Goddess Rajarajeshwari at the temple patronized by the Alupas
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1838:. Folklore Fellows of India by Geetha Book House. 1978. p. 5.
1029:), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, can be found at
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temple premises. The first clear mention of Alupas comes from the
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by faith now, The sizeable section of the community still follows
3194:
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2840:
2380:
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1609:
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The Kadri Manjunath temple was built and patronized by the Alupas
1448:
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The Vaddarse Old Kannada inscription (650 AD) of King Aluvarasa I
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The name of the dynasty is variously recorded in inscriptions as
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The history of clan emerges from obscurity during the rise of
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1762:"Polali's famed shrine echoes the heroics of the Alupa kings"
1515:
1498:, Koteshwara temple at Kotinatha and the Sadashiva temple at
1061:
596:
409:
2025:
Journal of the Institute of Indian Studies, 1978 May Vol#1
1856:. Vol. 1. Madras: Government Press. pp. 147–172.
1868:"The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)"
1788:. Prasārānga, University of Mysore. 1972. pp. 95–96.
1553:
In times, Alupas changed their capital from Mangalore to
1232:
princess Kumkuma Mahadevi and brother-in-law of Chalukya
1971:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 26,146.
384:). The legendary king who is credited with introducing
569:
tendencies. Saletore dismisses the idea regarding the
1068:. Their first regular full-length inscription is the
483:is unclear as there are no epigraphical evidences.
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2019:
1848:
1635:The people of Alupa Dynasty were the followers of
2060:Thulunaadina Shaasnagalu ... By K T Shaila Verma.
1878:. Bangalore, India: The Mythic Society: 22. 2002.
965:The Alupas and neighbouring South Asian polities
3383:
1102:Old Kannada or Halegannada (Kannada: ಹಳೆಗನ್ನಡ)
609:double fish and they claimed to belong to the
2082:
1964:
1842:
537:means 'ruler' (one who rules). According to
1872:The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society
1674:"Alupa inscription found at Mangodu temple"
2089:
2075:
1010:, Belthangady and Puttur, Karkala are the
549:which is an epithet of the divine serpent
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499:
155:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2000:Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.
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1665:
557:epics. Fleet has suggested that the name
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1935:
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1835:Journal of Indian folkloristics, Issue 1
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1900:. Oriental Book Agency. pp. 59–61.
1891:
1889:
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1700:"Tulu pillar inscription found in Kota"
1608:in coastal Karnataka issued coins with
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1942:. Oriental Book Agency. p. 154.
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1822:. Oriental Book Agency. p. 154.
1717:
1567:Sri Panchalingeshwara Temple, Vittla
1550:Sri Mahishamardini Temple, Neelavara
1245:Incurred the wrath of the Chalukyas
1044:
896:
887:
867:
847:
782:
773:
661:
352:of the modern Indian state known as
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1854:Castes and Tribes of Southern India
947:
13:
1764:. Deccan Chronicle. 1 October 2017
1532:Sri Manjunatheshwara Temple, Kadri
1370:Pattiyodeya Kulashekara Alupendra
856:
479:The origin of Alupas prior to the
14:
3418:
1740:. Orient Blackswan. p. 189.
1604:The Alupas as a feudatory of the
1507:Sri Rajarajeshwari Temple, Polali
1060:and other times from Udyavara in
2097:
1968:A Historical atlas of South Asia
1965:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
1936:Saletore, Bhaskar Anand (1936).
1896:Saletore, Bhaskar Anand (1936).
1816:Saletore, Bhasker Anand (1936).
1455:and Alupa princess Chikkayitayi
656:
545:may be derived from its variant
322:
308:
137:
22:
1958:
1917:. Prabhakara Press. p. iii
1860:
1698:Prabhu, Ganesh (5 March 2015).
1672:Prabhu, Ganesh (22 July 2015).
1581:Sri Anantheshwara Temple, Udupi
1545:compared to Arjuna in bravery.
581:meaning 'to rule' or 'govern'.
33:needs additional citations for
2151:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate
1826:
1809:
1792:
1522:In modern Mangalore District,
348:and its territory spanned the
148:in Devanagari. 14th century CE
1:
3232:List of people from Karnataka
2032:
1159:
966:
3328:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award
1524:Polali Rajarajeshwari Temple
1128:(the former headquarters of
1083:
1033:(the former headquarters of
573:origin of the name from the
7:
1939:Ancient Karnāṭaka, Volume 1
1914:Antiquities of South Kanara
1911:Bhatt, P. Gururaja (1969).
1898:Ancient Karnāṭaka, Volume 1
491:, 'the land of the Alvas'.
161:Extent of the Alupa Kingdom
10:
3423:
1799:Kāmat, Sūryanātha (1973).
1643:as well as local cults of
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518:
509:
500:
318:Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu)
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3012:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
2899:
2796:
2728:
2671:
2623:
2575:
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2504:
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2128:
2113:
1852:; Rangachari, K. (1909).
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3007:Kannada Sahitya Parishat
2461:Unification of Karnataka
1658:
1098:copper plate inscription
561:may possibly denote the
3227:Karnataka ethnic groups
3165:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III
1588:Sri Anantheswara Temple
1390:Vallabhadeva Duttalupa
1118:Ramanthali inscriptions
1027:Ramanthali inscriptions
631:
1541:
1519:
1156:
1093:
456:
420:etc. Even though most
271:• Disestablished
146:śri pa/ndya dhana/jaya
2496:Western Ganga dynasty
1539:
1514:
1191:500 – 7th century CE
1150:
1091:
599:clan followed by the
454:
185:Common languages
3392:History of Karnataka
3318:Rajyotsava Prashasti
3185:K. S. Narasimhaswamy
1996:Narayanan, M. G. S.
1600:Coinage and Religion
1490:Art and architecture
1333:Bankideva Alupendra
962:class=notpageimage|
447:Etymology and origin
432:and they are called
42:improve this article
3205:G. S. Shivarudrappa
3175:Gopalakrishna Adiga
2826:Chitrakala Parishat
2753:Dams and reservoirs
2625:Kalaburagi division
2466:Vijayanagara Empire
2441:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2356:Chitradurga Nayakas
2142:Emblem of Karnataka
1998:Perumāḷs of Kerala.
1785:The Hoysaḷa Dynasty
1410:Queen Ballamahadevi
1351:Pandya Pattiyodeya
1153:Halmidi inscription
1096:The earliest known
346:Alvakheda Arusasira
304:Vijayanagara Empire
261:• Established
3397:Dynasties of India
3115:Nijaguna Shivayogi
2519:Bangalore division
2016:Kamath (2001), p97
1955:Kamath (2001), p94
1653:Vajrayana Buddhism
1542:
1520:
1361:Kavi Alupendra CE
1201:Early 7th century
1157:
1124:, can be found at
1094:
998:, Gurupura river,
457:
3379:
3378:
3323:Jakanachari Award
3160:Shishunala Sharif
2871:Togalu gombeyaata
2724:
2723:
2577:Belagavi division
2421:Kingdom of Mysore
2401:Kalyani Chalukyas
2210:Southern birdwing
1747:978-81-7530-047-7
1651:and influence of
1606:Western Chalukyas
1487:
1486:
1452:Veera Ballala III
1413:and Nagadevarasa
1204:Father-in-law of
1151:A replica of the
1045:Political history
507:means 'to rule',
382:Veera Ballala III
350:coastal districts
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
118:
117:
110:
92:
3414:
3407:Bunt (community)
3333:Kempegowda Award
3313:Basava Puraskara
3308:Nrupatunga Award
3180:V. Seetharamaiah
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2950:Western Chalukya
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2891:Mysore musicians
2821:Channapatna toys
2738:Cities and towns
2691:Dakshina Kannada
2515:
2514:
2481:Veera Ballala II
2416:Kittur Chennamma
2376:Kingdom of Coorg
2351:Chalukya dynasty
2101:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2001:
1994:
1983:
1982:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1655:were also seen.
1573:Havyaka Brahmins
1469:Kulashekara III
1250:Chitravahana II
1164:
1163:
971:
968:
956:
954:
945:
943:
932:
930:
923:
921:
914:
912:
905:
903:
894:
892:
885:
882:
874:
872:
865:
863:
854:
852:
845:
843:
836:
834:
827:
825:
818:
816:
809:
807:
800:
798:
791:
789:
780:
778:
771:
769:
762:
760:
753:
751:
742:
740:
733:
731:
724:
722:
715:
713:
706:
704:
697:
695:
688:
686:
679:
677:
670:
668:
660:
627:Costal Karnataka
586:P. Gururaja Bhat
533:
532:
527:
526:
521:
520:
516:means 'ruling',
512:
511:
503:
502:
326:
325:
312:
311:
300:
299:
285:
284:
159:
141:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3402:Medieval Kerala
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3337:
3298:Karnataka Ratna
3284:
3236:
3209:
3145:Jagannatha Dasa
3060:Devar Dasimayya
3021:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2895:
2792:
2720:
2673:Mysore division
2667:
2619:
2571:
2567:Chikkaballapura
2532:Bangalore Rural
2527:Bangalore Urban
2500:
2491:Vikramaditya VI
2486:Vikramaditya II
2411:Shivappa Nayaka
2396:Kadamba dynasty
2302:
2214:
2124:
2109:
2095:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1979:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1905:
1894:
1883:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1850:Thurston, Edgar
1847:
1843:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1729:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1602:
1583:
1569:
1552:
1492:
1454:
1412:
1295:Alva Rananjaya
1162:
1130:Mushika dynasty
1086:
1047:
1035:Mushika dynasty
984:
975:
974:
973:
969:
964:
958:
957:
952:
950:
948:
946:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
928:
926:
924:
919:
917:
915:
910:
908:
906:
901:
899:
897:
895:
890:
888:
886:
880:
877:
875:
870:
868:
866:
861:
859:
857:
855:
850:
848:
846:
841:
839:
837:
832:
830:
828:
823:
821:
819:
814:
812:
810:
805:
803:
801:
796:
794:
792:
785:
783:
781:
776:
774:
772:
767:
765:
763:
758:
756:
754:
749:
747:
745:
743:
738:
736:
734:
729:
727:
725:
720:
718:
716:
711:
709:
707:
702:
700:
698:
693:
691:
689:
684:
682:
680:
675:
673:
671:
666:
664:
662:
651:
634:
449:
323:
309:
272:
262:
162:
150:
149:
142:
125:
114:
103:
97:
94:
57:"Alupa dynasty"
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:National parks
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3200:D. V. Gundappa
3197:
3192:
3190:M. Govinda Pai
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Purandara Dasa
3122:
3120:Ratnakaravarni
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Karnatik music
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Chamarajanagar
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2615:Uttara Kannada
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Vishnuvardhana
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Keladi Nayakas
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Hoysala Empire
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2293:Transportation
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2162:Asian elephant
2154:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2002:
1984:
1977:
1957:
1945:
1928:
1903:
1881:
1859:
1841:
1825:
1808:
1791:
1775:
1753:
1746:
1716:
1690:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1601:
1598:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1479:Virapandya II
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1460:Bankideva III
1457:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:Year of reign
1168:
1161:
1158:
1085:
1082:
1046:
1043:
960:
959:
655:
654:
653:
633:
630:
539:B. A. Saletore
448:
445:
386:matrilineality
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
320:
314:
313:
306:
297:
294:
293:
288:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
204:
200:
199:
186:
182:
181:
168:
164:
163:
160:
152:
151:
143:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3419:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Hindu temples
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Allama Prabhu
3073:
3071:
3070:Akka Mahadevi
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Adikavi Pampa
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:Western Ganga
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Udupi cuisine
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Mysore Dasara
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Gaarudi Gombe
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Bharatanatyam
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2788:Western Ghats
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Highest point
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Srirangapatna
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:Pulakeshin II
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Alupa dynasty
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
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2204:Carnatic carp
2201:
2199:
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2192:
2190:
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2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Indian roller
2168:
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2163:
2159:
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2133:
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2130:State symbols
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2100:
2092:
2087:
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2078:
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2055:81-7525-561-7
2052:
2049:(Paperback),
2048:
2047:81-7525-560-9
2044:
2040:
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2036:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1993:
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1916:
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1795:
1787:
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1779:
1763:
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1749:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:Ghosh, Amitav
1727:
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1723:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1679:
1675:
1668:
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1525:
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1513:
1509:
1508:
1503:
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1497:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:1355–1390 CE
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1444:1335–1346 CE
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1423:Bankideva II
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:1275–1285 CE
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:1250–1275 CE
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:1220–1230 CE
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:1160–1220 CE
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:1080–1110 CE
1353:
1350:
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1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
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1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1268:Pritvisagara
1267:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1240:Aluvarasa II
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:Chitravahana
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:Pulakeshin II
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:Ruler's name
1166:
1165:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:North Malabar
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:inscription (
1115:
1114:Old Malayalam
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1073:
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1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1042:
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1032:
1028:
1025:inscription (
1024:
1023:Old Malayalam
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
987:Western Ghats
983:
979:
970: 600 CE
963:
955:
944:
931:
922:
913:
904:
893:
884:
883:
873:
864:
853:
844:
835:
826:
824:SHAILODBHAVAS
817:
808:
799:
790:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
741:
732:
723:
714:
705:
696:
687:
678:
669:
659:
652:
650:
646:
644:
640:
629:
628:
624:
620:
619:lunar dynasty
616:
612:
607:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
515:
506:
497:
496:Tulu language
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
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466:
462:
453:
444:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
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411:
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403:
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391:
387:
383:
380:
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347:
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321:
319:
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315:
307:
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301:
298:
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292:
289:
287:
286:
282:
278:
274:
268:
264:
258:
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250:
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242:
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236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
158:
153:
147:
140:
133:
128:
124:Alupa Dynasty
121:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
3275:Jain temples
3170:D. R. Bendre
3105:Kumara Vyasa
2964:Vijayanagara
2773:Bayalu Seeme
2658:Vijayanagara
2471:Vijayanagara
2426:Mayurasharma
2361:Deva Raya II
2326:Amoghavarsha
2320:
2228:Architecture
2119:
2021:
1997:
1967:
1960:
1938:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1913:
1906:
1897:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1828:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1794:
1784:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1756:
1736:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1634:
1623:
1619:
1603:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1566:
1564:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1441:Kulashekara
1342:Pattiyodeya
1326:980–1010 CE
1286:Vimaladitya
1198:Aluvarasa I
1188:To be known
1110:
1095:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1048:
1020:
981:
980:
976:
911:LATER GUPTAS
878:
806:PANDUVAMSHIS
786:
766:
649:1. Alvakheda
648:
647:
642:
638:
635:
614:
611:Pandyavamsha
610:
594:
583:
578:
558:
546:
542:
534:
513:
504:
493:
488:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
458:
390:South Canara
375:Aliyasantana
366:Rashtrakutas
345:
341:
339:
291:Succeeded by
290:
191:
145:
104:
98:October 2016
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
3303:Pampa Award
3140:Gopala Dasa
3135:Vijaya Dasa
3130:Kanaka Dasa
3095:Rudrabhatta
3040:Gunavarma I
3027:Noted poets
2936:Rashtrakuta
2686:Chikmagalur
2562:Ramanagara
2537:Chitradurga
2456:Tipu Sultan
1921:14 February
1399:Virapandya
1316:960–980 CE
1313:Kundavarma
1259:Ranasagara
1234:Vijayaditya
1228:Husband of
1225:663–730 CE
1215:660–630 CE
1212:Gunasagara
1178:Pashupathi
982:2. Tulunadu
601:Shatavahana
590:Bunt-Nadava
541:, the name
441:Jain Basadi
3386:Categories
3366:Television
3356:Newspapers
3280:Waterfalls
3090:Raghavanka
3080:Siddharama
2915:Milestones
2901:Literature
2886:Yakshagana
2836:Ilkal sari
2643:Kalaburagi
2542:Davanagere
2431:Pattadakal
2248:Demography
2189:Sandalwood
2033:References
1978:0226742210
1496:Brahamavar
1323:Jayasimha
1304:Dattalupa
1160:Chronology
1140:region of
1064:and later
1041:, Kerala.
871:TOCHARIANS
712:ZHANGZHUNG
665:South Asia
584:Historian
489:Alva Kheda
373:(Appekatt/
230:Government
215:Hindu Bunt
68:newspapers
3361:Magazines
3150:Lakshmisa
3110:Chamarasa
3050:Sri Ponna
3017:Karnataka
2881:Veeragase
2816:Bidriware
2811:Buta Kola
2743:Districts
2730:Geography
2510:divisions
2506:Districts
2366:Durvinita
2341:Balligavi
2268:Geography
2263:Folk arts
2258:Education
2220:Overviews
2121:Bengaluru
2107:Karnataka
1704:The Hindu
1678:The Hindu
1432:Soyideva
1173:Relation
1136:, in the
1134:Cannanore
1122:Mangalore
1084:Epigraphs
1070:Vaddarase
1058:Mangalore
1039:Cannanore
929:CHALUKYAS
900:MANDAVYA-
730:SAMATATAS
694:LICCHAVIS
639:Alvakheda
615:Soma Kula
571:Dravidian
531:ಆಳ್ಪುನಾಯೆ
514:(Alupunu)
438:Mudabidri
434:Jain Bunt
362:Chalukyas
354:Karnataka
223:Jain Bunt
203:Religion
171:Mangalore
3155:Sarvajna
3085:Harihara
2978:Haridasa
2929:Medieval
2778:Malenadu
2763:Villages
2590:Belagavi
2585:Bagalkot
2557:Tumakuru
2446:Sringeri
2371:Halebidu
2336:Banavasi
2298:Wildlife
2208:Insect:
1734:(2003).
1637:Shaivism
1630:Hoysalas
1555:Udyavara
1500:Suratkal
1380:Kundana
1230:Chalukya
1126:Ezhimala
1106:Belmannu
1054:Chalukya
1031:Ezhimala
1016:Kundapur
920:THANESAR
833:GONANDAS
797:KALINGAS
759:PALLAVAS
750:KUNDINAS
739:KAMARUPA
643:Tulunadu
481:Kadambas
370:Hoysalas
358:Kadambas
233:Monarchy
211:Shaktism
207:Shaivism
193:Sanskrit
175:Udyavara
130:200–1444
3250:Beaches
3242:Tourism
3219:society
3195:Kuvempu
2971:Vachana
2957:Hoysala
2909:Kannada
2846:Kannada
2841:Kamsale
2798:Culture
2653:Raichur
2633:Ballari
2600:Dharwad
2595:Bijapur
2552:Shimoga
2381:Halmidi
2308:History
2273:History
2253:Economy
2243:Cuisine
2238:Climate
2116:Capital
1768:15 June
1709:15 June
1683:15 June
1641:Jainism
1610:Kannada
1449:Hoysala
1447:Son of
1277:Marama
1181:450 CE
1132:) near
1037:) near
1000:Pavanje
992:Karkala
951:PERSIAN
881:VALABHI
860:WESTERN
842:KANNAUJ
787:ALCHONS
748:VISHNU-
685:PANDYAS
606:Halmidi
575:Kannada
567:Saivite
535:(Alupe)
510:ಆಳ್ಪುನು
494:In the
485:Ptolemy
430:Jainism
379:Hoysala
248:History
219:Jainism
189:Kannada
167:Capital
82:scholar
3351:Cinema
3290:Awards
3215:People
3065:Basava
2999:Modern
2985:Mysore
2861:Khedda
2856:Kasuti
2783:Kanara
2758:Taluks
2748:Rivers
2711:Mysore
2706:Mandya
2701:Kodagu
2696:Hassan
2663:Yadgir
2648:Koppal
2605:Haveri
2331:Badami
2316:Aihole
2288:Sports
2283:People
2233:Cinema
2202:Fish:
2176:Flower
2158:Animal
2138:Emblem
2053:
2045:
1975:
1744:
1649:Bhutas
1626:Gangas
1614:Nagari
1559:Ankola
1142:Kerala
1066:Barkur
1051:Badami
1012:Malnad
1008:Sullia
1004:Puttur
953:EMPIRE
942:CHURIS
777:NEZAKS
768:ALUPAS
721:CHERAS
703:CHOLAS
667:600 CE
551:Shesha
505:(Alup)
426:Hindus
418:Chowta
402:Shetty
396:. The
251:
243:
179:Barkur
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
3371:Radio
3343:Media
3260:Forts
3100:Janna
3055:Ranna
3035:Asaga
2922:Epics
2716:Udupi
2638:Bidar
2610:Gadag
2547:Kolar
2386:Hampi
2346:Belur
2278:Media
2198:Mango
2194:Fruit
2180:Lotus
2103:State
1659:Notes
1645:Nagas
1516:Murti
1062:Udupi
996:Mulki
940:KALA-
938:EARLY
891:SINDH
862:TURKS
851:TAKKA
815:GAUDA
676:MORIS
623:Bunts
597:Chutu
577:word
563:Nāgas
559:Aluka
555:Hindu
547:Aluka
543:Alupa
525:ಆಳ್ಪೆ
519:ಆಳುಪೆ
501:ಆಳ್ಪು
477:Alapa
473:Aluka
465:Aluva
461:Alupa
410:Hegde
398:Bunts
342:Alupa
89:JSTOR
75:books
3255:Dams
3217:and
2992:Play
2508:and
2185:Tree
2167:Bird
2147:Song
2051:ISBN
2043:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1923:2018
1770:2018
1742:ISBN
1711:2018
1685:2018
1639:and
1612:and
994:and
902:PURA
632:Land
613:and
475:and
469:Alva
424:are
422:Bunt
414:Alva
394:Bunt
340:The
275:1444
239:King
209:and
197:Tulu
61:news
2105:of
1579:5.
1565:4.
1548:3.
1530:2.
1505:1.
1021:An
637:as
625:of
579:Alu
553:of
406:Rai
388:in
265:200
217:),
44:by
3388::
2196::
2187::
2178::
2169::
2160::
2149::
2140::
2118::
2005:^
1987:^
1948:^
1884:^
1876:93
1874:.
1870:.
1719:^
1702:.
1676:.
1647:,
1006:,
967:c.
528:/
522:/
498:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
443:.
416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
368:,
364:,
225:).
177:,
173:,
2090:e
2083:t
2076:v
1981:.
1925:.
1772:.
1750:.
1713:.
1687:.
972:.
617:(
221:(
213:(
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
