182:. The way in which this zone accommodates the collision remains unclear with two end-member models being proposed. The first regards the crust as being made up of a mosaic of strong blocks separated by weak fault zones, the 'microplate' model. The second regards the deformation as being continuous within the mid to lower crust, the 'continuum' model. The change in width of the deformed zone along the collisional belt, with the narrow zone of western Tibet compared to the main part of the Tibetan Plateau, is explained as either lateral escape to the east along the Altyn Tagh and Karakorum faults in the microplate model or as the effect of the rigid Tarim Basin block causing heterogeneous deformation within a generally weaker
119:
224:
249:
This fault splays off from the Altyn Tagh Fault at the southwestern end of the Altyn Tagh mountains and runs along the edge of the Altyn Tagh range. It is a dominantly sinistral strike-slip structure, with some subsidiary thrusting. It is thought to extend northeastward from the end of the Altyn Tagh
284:
Slip rates determined from elastic dislocation modeling of measurements from campaign-style GPS surveys at 90° E are 9 ± 5 mm/yr, 9 ± 4 mm/yr, and 11 ± 3 mm/yr. Results from a regional GPS network indicate differences in far-field station of 6–9 mm/yr,. At 85°E, a slip rate of 11
267:
The overall displacement along the Altyn Tagh fault has been estimated using various lines of evidence. Measurements of total left-lateral displacement since initiation for the central ATF range from 280 to 500 km on the basis of an offset tectonic terrane boundary of
Paleozoic age, a Paleozoic
214:
The geometry of the southwestern section of the fault zone and how it interacts with the main shortening structures remains unclear. A direct kinematic link to the northward directed thrusts of the western Kunlun seems likely, but this is insufficient to accommodate hundreds of km of displacement on
240:
The northeastern section of the fault zone shows increasing interaction with WNW-ESE trending structures within the eastern Kunlun Shan and the Qilian
Mountains. The estimated displacement rate decreases along the northern section, suggesting that some of the displacement is transferred onto thrust
288:
Morphochronologic investigations, which combine displacement and age measurements of faulted landforms such as terrace risers, alluvial fans, stream channels, and glacial moraines, have been undertaken at seven sites along the central Altyn Tagh fault, including
Cherchen He (86.4°E), Kelutelage
231:
The central section of the fault zone consists of five slightly en echelon segments, with right-stepping offsets between them, forming four restraining bends. Each of these bends is marked by a topographic high, well above the general elevation of the area, due to the local transpressional
280:
trenching, and on the basis of offset and dated landforms (morphochronology). The majority of these studies have focused on the central portion of the Altyn Tagh fault (85° to 90° E) because the highest slip rates are expected along this portion of the fault.
748:
Cowgill, E.; Arrowsmith, J.R.; Yin, A.; Xiao-feng, X.; Zhengle, C. (2004). "The Akato Tagh bend along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet 2: Active deformation and the importance of transpression and strain hardening within the Altyn Tagh system".
588:
Cowgill, E.; Yin, A.; Arrowsmith, J.R.; Xiao-Feng, W.; Shuanhong, Z. (2004). "The Akato Tagh bend along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet 1: Smoothing by vertical-axis rotation and the effect of topographic stresses on bend-flanking faults".
289:(86.7°E), Tuzidun (86.7°E), Sulamu Tagh (87.4°E), Yukuang (87.9°E), Keke Qiapu (88.1°E), and Yuemake (88.5°E). The average slip rates reported from these measurements range from 7–27 mm/yr for landforms ranging in age from ~3ka to ~113 ka.
241:
structures along the south side of the Qaidam Basin. Northeast of the Qilian
Mountains, a series of five or more splays of the ATF have been identified, with active slip constrained to the post-Cretaceous to pre middle Miocene time interval.
1376:
Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wang, E.; Zhang, J.; Li, Q.; Sun, G. (2005). "40Ar/39Ar thermochronological evidence for formation and
Mesozoic evolution of the northern-central segment of the Altyn Tagh fault system in the northern Tibetan Plateau".
258:
The
Cherchen Fault lies within the Tarim Basin and runs parallel to the Altyn Tagh Fault. It is a steep structure that shows no significant vertical offsets in the Tarim Basin and is suspected to be another sinistral strike-slip fault.
1304:
Gold, R.D.; Cowgill, E.; Arrowsmith, J. R.; Gosse, J.; Wang, X.; Chen, X. (2009). "Riser diachroneity, lateral erosion, and uncertainty in rates of strike-slip faulting: A case study from
Tuzidun along the Altyn Tagh Fault, NW China".
1268:
Gold, R.D.; Cowgill, E.; Arrowsmith, J.R.; Chen, X.; Sharp, W.D.; Cooper, K.M.; Wang, X.-F. (2011). "Faulted terrace risers place new constraints on the late
Quaternary slip rate for the central Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet".
1001:
Zhang, P.-Z.; Shen, Z.; Wang, M.; Gan, W.; Burgmann, R.; Molnar, P.; Wang, Q.; Niu, Z.; Sun, J.; Wu, J.; Hanrong, S.; Xinzhao, Y. (2004). "Continuous deformation of the
Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data".
897:
Sobel, E.R.; Arnaud, N.; Jolivet, M.; Ritts, B.D.; Brunel, M. (2001). "Jurassic to
Cenozoic exhumation history of the Altyn Tagh range, northwest China, constrained by 40Ar/39Ar and apatite fission track thermochronology".
317:
No major earthquakes have been recorded instrumentally along this fault zone. Paleoseismological studies using trenching have determined that 2–3 large earthquakes have occurred in the last 2–3000 years.
1340:
Cowgill, E.; Gold, R. D.; Chen, X.; Wang, X.-F.; Arrowsmith, J. R.; Southon, J. R. (2009). "Low Quaternary slip rate reconciles geodetic and geologic rates along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwestern Tibet".
1123:
Elliott, J.R.; Biggs, J.; Parsons, B.; Wright, T.J. (2008). "InSAR slip rate determination on the Altyn Tagh fault, northern Tibet, in the presence of topographically correlated atmospheric delays".
276:
Late Quaternary slip rates have been reported along the majority of the length of the Altyn Tagh fault and include measurements from geodetic techniques (e.g., GPS surveys and InSAR), traditional
1166:
Cowgill, E (2007). "Impact of riser reconstructions on estimation of secular variation in rates of strike–slip faulting: Revisiting the Cherchen River site along the Altyn Tagh Fault, NW China".
453:"Reconstruction of the Altyn Tagh fault based on U-Pb geochronology: Role of back thrusts, mantle sutures, and heterogeneous crustal strength in forming the Tibetan Plateau"
232:
deformation. These high points are, from west to east, the Sulamu Tagh (6245 m elevation), the Akato Tagh (~6100 m), the Pingding Shan (4780 m) and the Altun Shan (5830 m).
1041:; Tang, W.; Wang, E.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, X. (2000). "Global positioning system measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental".
268:
plutonic belt, a Jurassic shoreline, Oligocene and Miocene sediments from inferred sources and reconstructions of areas with distinctive 40Ar/39Ar cooling histories.
250:
based on effects on drainage and bedrock ridges suggesting a linkage with the Cherchen Fault. It may have formed part of the ATF at an early stage in its development.
198:
The Altyn Tagh Fault extends for at least 1,500 km and possibly for as much as 2,500 km from the West Kunlun thrust zone in the southwest to the edge of the
689:
1088:
Shen, Z.-K.; Wang, M.; Li, Y.; Jackson, D.D.; Yin, A.; Dong, D.; Fang, P (2001). "Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system, western China, from GPS".
523:
Peltzer, G.; Tapponnier, P. (1988). "Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults, rifts, and basins during the India-Asia collision: An experimental approach".
206:, the North Altyn Fault. The main active fault trace of the ATF lies within a zone of secondary structures that is about 100 km wide in the central section.
958:
Zhang, P.-Z.; Molnar, P.; Xu, X. (2007). "Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh fault, northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau".
452:
389:
Tapponnier, P.; Xu, Z.; Roger, F.; Meyer, B.; Arnaud, N.; Wittlinger, G.; Yang, J. (2001). "Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau".
1411:
305:. There is also evidence that the present fault follows a precursor structure, also a zone of sinistral strike-slip, that dates back to the latest
215:
the Altyn Tagh Fault. An alternative suggestion is that the earlier part of the displacement was accommodated by the Tianshuihai backthrust belt.
1207:
338:
Bendick, R.; Bilham, R.; Freymueller, J.; Larson, K.; andYin, G. (2000). "Geodetic evidence for a low slip rate in the Altyn Tagh fault system".
202:
in the northeast (and possibly well beyond). It is divided into three main sections: southwestern, central and northeastern. There is one major
203:
285:± 5 mm/yr was measured on the basis of elastic dislocation modeling of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements.
561:
Ritts, B.; Biffi, U. (2000). "Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) displacement on the Altyn Tagh fault system, northwest China".
150:. It is one of the major sinistral strike-slip structures that together help to accommodate the eastward motion of this zone of thickened
190:
compared to the degree of distributed deformation of the intervening crust is critical to discriminating between these two models.
629:
720:
227:
The Aksai restraining bend. The resulting uplifted area, the mountains of Altun Shan, is shown by the extent of snow cover
1206:
Mériaux, A.-S.; Ryerson, F.J.; Tapponnier, P.; Van der Woerd, J.; Finkel, R.C.; Xu, X.; Xu, Z.; Caffee, M.W. (2004).
1450:
1043:
460:
840:
819:
Gehrels, G.; Yin, A.; Wang, X.F. (2003). "Detrital-zircon geochronology of the northeastern Tibetan plateau".
574:
1208:"Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh Fault: Morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh"
862:
Yue, Y.; Ritts, B.D.; Graham, S.A. (2001). "Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault".
495:
1460:
655:
186:
in the continuum model. The rate of displacement along the major fault zones such as the Altyn Tagh and
1238:
1455:
158:. A total displacement of about ~475 km has been estimated for this fault zone since the middle
482:
139:
1065:
784:
Gehrels, G.; Yin, A.; Wang, X.F. (2003). "Magmatic history of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau".
654:
Washburn, Z.; Arrowsmith, J.R.; Dupont-Nivet, G.; Xiao-Feng, W.; Qiao, Z.Y.; Zhengle, C. (2003).
60:
1060:
477:
175:
88:
1179:
708:
1386:
1350:
1314:
1278:
1222:
1175:
1132:
1097:
1052:
1011:
967:
930:
828:
793:
758:
704:
598:
532:
469:
398:
347:
8:
78:
1390:
1354:
1318:
1282:
1226:
1136:
1101:
1056:
1015:
971:
934:
832:
797:
762:
656:"Paleoseismology of the Xorxol Segment of the Central Altyn Tagh Fault, Xinjiang, China"
602:
536:
473:
402:
351:
1148:
983:
879:
422:
371:
101:
883:
844:
625:
414:
363:
171:
162:, although the amount of displacement, age of initiation and slip rate are disputed.
94:
1152:
987:
626:"Sinkiang - Xinjiang 53 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater"
426:
1394:
1358:
1322:
1286:
1230:
1183:
1140:
1105:
1070:
1019:
975:
938:
871:
836:
801:
766:
712:
606:
570:
540:
487:
406:
375:
355:
199:
151:
143:
123:
45:
1187:
716:
179:
155:
875:
1444:
1426:
1413:
919:"Inescapable slow slip on the Altyn Tagh fault: Geophysical Research Letters"
848:
544:
1038:
418:
410:
367:
277:
187:
135:
337:
118:
1326:
1303:
1234:
1144:
1109:
1074:
979:
943:
918:
805:
491:
183:
147:
653:
1362:
1398:
1290:
1205:
1023:
896:
770:
610:
359:
159:
388:
297:
The formation of the Altyn Tagh fault has been variously dated as
306:
302:
110:
1087:
298:
106:
747:
690:"Did the Altyn Tagh fault extend beyond the Tibetan Plateau?"
587:
223:
451:
Cowgill, E.; Yin, A.; Harrison, T.M.; Xiao-Feng, W. (2003).
841:
10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0881:DGOTNT>2.0.CO;2
450:
1267:
1122:
575:
10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<61:mopjbd>2.0.co;2
916:
818:
783:
518:
516:
235:
209:
957:
522:
513:
1036:
688:
Darby, B.J.; Ritts, B.D.; Yue, Y.; Meng, Q. (2005).
1339:
1375:
687:
218:
1442:
1037:Chen, Z.; Burchfiel, B.C.; Liu, Y.; King, R.W.;
1000:
861:
560:
271:
170:The Tibetan Plateau is an area of thickened
142:that forms the northwestern boundary of the
1201:
1199:
1197:
743:
741:
174:, a result of the ongoing collision of the
649:
647:
1064:
942:
917:Wallace, K.; Yin, G.; Bilham, R. (2004).
481:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
382:
333:
331:
1333:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1194:
812:
738:
222:
126:showing location of the Altyn Tagh Fault
117:
1165:
910:
777:
644:
617:
581:
556:
554:
1443:
1379:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1271:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1116:
821:Geological Society of America Bulletin
751:Geological Society of America Bulletin
591:Geological Society of America Bulletin
563:Geological Society of America Bulletin
433:
328:
1297:
1256:
900:Geological Society of America Memoirs
890:
262:
1369:
1081:
1030:
681:
623:
551:
244:
1168:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
855:
697:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
632:from the original on 23 August 2010
312:
236:Northeastern section (east of 94°E)
210:Southwestern section (west of 84°E)
165:
13:
14:
1472:
253:
1307:Journal of Geophysical Research
1215:Journal of Geophysical Research
1159:
1090:Journal of Geophysical Research
1044:Journal of Geophysical Research
994:
951:
786:Journal of Geophysical Research
525:Journal of Geophysical Research
461:Journal of Geophysical Research
134:(ATF) is a 2,000 km long,
219:Central section (84°E to 94°E)
1:
321:
122:Major fault zones around the
1125:Geophysical Research Letters
923:Geophysical Research Letters
864:International Geology Review
7:
193:
138:, sinistral (left lateral)
10:
1477:
1188:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.015
717:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.011
292:
876:10.1080/00206810109465062
272:Late Quaternary slip rate
100:
87:
77:
69:
59:
54:
44:
36:
31:
23:
18:
1180:2007E&PSL.254..239C
709:2005E&PSL.240..425D
545:10.1029/JB093iB12p15085
1451:Seismic faults of Asia
411:10.1126/science.105978
228:
127:
301:, mid-Oligocene, and
226:
176:Indo-Australian Plate
121:
1327:10.1029/2008JB005913
1235:10.1029/2003JB002558
1145:10.1029/2008GL033659
1110:10.1029/2001JB000349
1075:10.1029/2000JB900092
980:10.1029/2006TC002014
944:10.1029/2004GL019724
806:10.1029/2002JB001876
757:(11–12): 1443–1464.
663:Annals of Geophysics
597:(11–12): 1423–1442.
531:(B12): 15085–15117.
492:10.1029/2002JB002080
83:~2000-3000 years ago
1423: /
1391:2005GSAB..117.1336W
1355:2009Geo....37..647C
1319:2009JGRB..114.4401G
1283:2011GSAB..123..958G
1227:2004JGRB..109.6401M
1137:2008GeoRL..3512309E
1102:2001JGR...10630607S
1096:(12): 30607–30621.
1057:2000JGR...10516215C
1016:2004Geo....32..809Z
972:2007Tecto..26.5010Z
935:2004GeoRL..31.9613W
833:2003GSAB..115..881G
798:2003JGRB..108.2423G
763:2004GSAB..116.1443C
603:2004GSAB..116.1423C
537:1988JGR....9315085P
474:2003JGRB..108.2346C
403:2001Sci...294.1671T
397:(5547): 1671–1677.
352:2000Natur.404...69B
1461:Strike-slip faults
1051:(7): 16215–16227.
263:Total displacement
229:
154:, relative to the
128:
1427:36.000°N 92.000°E
1363:10.1130/G25623A.1
870:(12): 1087–1093.
245:North Altyn Fault
172:continental crust
140:strike-slip fault
116:
115:
95:strike-slip fault
1468:
1456:Geology of China
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1399:10.1130/B25685.1
1373:
1367:
1366:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:10.1130/B30207.1
1277:(5–6): 958–978.
1265:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1237:. Archived from
1212:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1174:(3–4): 239–255.
1163:
1157:
1156:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:10.1130/G20554.1
998:
992:
991:
966:(TC5010): 1–24.
955:
949:
948:
946:
914:
908:
907:
894:
888:
887:
859:
853:
852:
816:
810:
809:
781:
775:
774:
771:10.1130/B25360.1
745:
736:
735:
733:
731:
725:
719:. Archived from
694:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
660:
651:
642:
641:
639:
637:
621:
615:
614:
611:10.1130/B25359.1
585:
579:
578:
558:
549:
548:
520:
511:
510:
508:
506:
500:
494:. Archived from
485:
457:
448:
431:
430:
386:
380:
379:
360:10.1038/35003555
335:
313:Seismic activity
200:Qilian Mountains
166:Tectonic setting
132:Altyn Tagh Fault
19:Altyn Tagh Fault
16:
15:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1374:
1370:
1338:
1334:
1302:
1298:
1266:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1210:
1204:
1195:
1164:
1160:
1131:(L12309): 1–5.
1121:
1117:
1086:
1082:
1035:
1031:
999:
995:
956:
952:
915:
911:
895:
891:
860:
856:
817:
813:
782:
778:
746:
739:
729:
727:
723:
692:
686:
682:
672:
670:
658:
652:
645:
635:
633:
622:
618:
586:
582:
559:
552:
521:
514:
504:
502:
501:on 18 July 2010
498:
483:10.1.1.458.2239
455:
449:
434:
387:
383:
346:(6773): 69–72.
336:
329:
324:
315:
295:
274:
265:
256:
247:
238:
221:
212:
196:
168:
144:Tibetan Plateau
124:Tibetan Plateau
32:Characteristics
12:
11:
5:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1432:36.000; 92.000
1405:
1404:
1385:(9–10): 1336.
1368:
1349:(3): 647–650.
1332:
1296:
1255:
1193:
1158:
1115:
1080:
1066:10.1.1.560.737
1029:
1010:(9): 809–812.
993:
950:
909:
889:
854:
827:(7): 881–896.
811:
776:
737:
703:(2): 425–435.
680:
669:(5): 1015–1034
643:
616:
580:
550:
512:
432:
381:
326:
325:
323:
320:
314:
311:
294:
291:
273:
270:
264:
261:
255:
254:Cherchen Fault
252:
246:
243:
237:
234:
220:
217:
211:
208:
195:
192:
180:Eurasian Plate
167:
164:
156:Eurasian Plate
114:
113:
104:
98:
97:
91:
85:
84:
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
65:Eurasian plate
63:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
29:
28:
25:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1473:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1244:on 2011-07-16
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
997:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
893:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
742:
726:on 2011-07-20
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
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1445:Categories
1313:(B04401).
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929:(9): 1–4.
906:: 247–267.
624:Peaklist.
322:References
93:Sinistral
1061:CiteSeerX
960:Tectonics
884:128922108
849:0016-7606
478:CiteSeerX
178:with the
160:Oligocene
146:with the
55:Tectonics
40:~2,000 km
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630:Archived
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27:China
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