1957:, Sitka Alder or Slide Alder), characteristically pioneer fresh, gravelly sites at the foot of retreating glaciers. Studies show that Sitka alder, a more shrubby variety of alder, adds nitrogen to the soil at an average rate of 60 kg/ha (54 lb/acre) per year, helping convert the sterile glacial terrain to soil capable of supporting a conifer forest. Alders are common among the first species to colonize disturbed areas from floods, windstorms, fires, landslides, etc. Alder groves often serve as natural firebreaks since these broad-leaved trees are much less flammable than conifers. Their foliage and
1997:
382:
1985:
157:
579:
135:
448:
595:
996:
297:
535:
1880:
390:
1407:
555:
1970:
and seldom lives more than 100 years. Red alder is the
Pacific Northwest's largest alder and the most plentiful and commercially important broad-leaved tree in the coastal Northwest. Groves of red alder 25 to 50 centimetres (10 to 20 in) in diameter intermingle with young Douglas-fir forests
1961:
does not carry a fire well, and their thin bark is sufficiently resistant to protect them from light surface fires. In addition, the light weight of alder seeds – numbering 1.5 million per kilogram or 680,000 per pound – allows for easy dispersal by the wind.
2125:, have been built with alder bodies since the 1950s. Alder is appreciated for its tone that is claimed to be tight and evenly balanced, especially when compared to mahogany, and has been adopted by many electric guitar manufacturers. It usually is finished in opaque lacquer (
1944:
Because of its abundance, red alder delivers large amounts of nitrogen to enrich forest soils. Red alder stands have been found to supply between 130 and 320 kilograms per hectare (120 and 290 pounds per acre) of nitrogen annually to the soil. From Alaska to Oregon,
2039:
The catkins of some alder species have a degree of edibility, and may be rich in protein. Reported to have a bitter and unpleasant taste, they are more useful for survival purposes. The wood of certain alder species is often used to smoke various food items such as
2475:
Wolfe, J. A.; Wehr, W. C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from
Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25.
602:
Trees with stalked shoot buds, male and female catkins produced in autumn (fall) but stay closed over winter, pollinating in late winter or early spring, about 15–25 species, including:
2025:
2076:) to treat poison oak, insect bites, and skin irritations. Blackfeet Indians have traditionally used an infusion made from the bark of red alder to treat lymphatic disorders and
2797:
1144:
2144:, alder is used in making furniture, cabinets, and other woodworking products. In these applications, its aforementioned lack of prominent grain means that it is often
2430:
Wolfe, J.A. (1966). Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 398B. United States
Geological Survey. pp. 1–32.
1007:
Shrubs with shoot buds not stalked, male and female catkins produced in late spring (after leaves appear) and expanding and pollinating then, one to four species:
483:, another genus in the family) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many
1523:
1542:
1443:
1424:
1214:
1224:
1561:
1466:
1714:
1164:
933:
1504:
1485:
1411:
1204:
833:
3086:
1154:
883:
1834:
Alders are commonly found near streams, rivers, and wetlands. Sometimes where the prevalence of alders is particularly prominent these are called
3753:
1769:
1134:
2657:
1726:
1194:
1184:
1174:
952:
Trees or shrubs with stalked shoot buds, male and female catkins produced in autumn (fall) and expanding and pollinating then, three species:
3792:
1684:
250:
1971:
west of the
Cascades, attaining a maximum height of 30 to 33 m (100 to 110 ft) in about sixty years and then are afflicted by
3841:
1867:
are classed as environmental weeds in New
Zealand. Alder leaves and especially the roots are important to the ecosystem because they
2051:
Alder is notably stable when immersed, and has been used for millennia as a material for pilings for piers and wharves. Most of the
1850:) unlike other northwest alders, has an affinity for warm, dry climates, where it grows along watercourses, such as along the lower
3701:
3766:
3714:
2859:
2122:
2615:
2536:
2243:
3946:
3771:
2378:
Yang, Xiao-Yue; Wang, Ze-Fu; Luo, Wen-Chun; Guo, Xin-Yi; Zhang, Cai-Hua; Liu, Jian-Quan; Ren, Guang-Peng (September 2019).
2270:
Vít, Petr; Douda, Jan; Krak, Karol; Havrdová, Alena; Mandák, Bohumil (2017). "Two new polyploid species closely related to
510:
to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 metres (100 ft). By contrast, the widespread
2100:
2640:
2708:
2453:
Miocene Floras of the
Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod
1996:
471:
with elongate male catkins on the same plant as shorter female catkins, often before leaves appear; they are mainly
3797:
3740:
1917:, which may be as large as a human fist, with many small lobes, and light brown in colour. The bacterium absorbs
3872:
2274:
in Europe and North Africa – an analysis based on morphometry, karyology, flow cytometry and microsatellites".
2148:, either by stained light woods such as oak, ash, or figured maple, or by darker woods such as teak or walnut.
3779:
560:
The same spot from the same angle in 2021, the plants are now about 3.7–4.6 metres (12–15 ft) in height
3600:
2852:
2805:
2607:
The Great Alaska Nature
Factbook: A Guide to the State's Remarkable Animals, Plants, and Natural Features
2505:
3693:
3667:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2348:
3867:
2463:
2321:
3859:
1984:
46:
3807:
2325:
1762:
3719:
2665:
2728:
2179:
156:
3846:
3688:
3520:
2578:
3833:
3662:
3543:
3222:
2845:
31:
3758:
2605:
3895:
3828:
2306:
1938:
1921:
from the air and makes it available to the tree. Alder, in turn, provides the bacterium with
17:
3820:
2187:, 1978) refers in its title to alder, typically used to make clogs as in this movie's plot.
3636:
3259:
2981:
2166:
A red dye can also be extracted from the outer bark, and a yellow dye from the inner bark.
541:
2687:
2500:
8:
3500:
3310:
3285:
2963:
2013:
1963:
2379:
1975:. Alders largely help create conditions favorable for giant conifers that replace them.
3913:
3675:
3441:
3434:
3385:
3156:
3016:
2993:
2942:
2778:
2754:
2457:
2407:
2235:
1857:
Alder leaves and sometimes catkins are used as food by numerous butterflies and moths.
1095:
853:
657:
304:
151:
2207:
3815:
3680:
3623:
3360:
3322:
3267:
2636:
2611:
2532:
2399:
2249:
2239:
2092:
1868:
1843:
1839:
1702:
1115:
1085:
873:
793:
428:
2782:
2552:
2411:
3918:
3628:
3488:
3469:
3120:
3097:
3091:
2879:
2770:
2476:
2431:
2391:
2283:
1930:
1742:
1013:
923:
913:
863:
843:
823:
512:
3592:
3605:
3581:
3409:
3397:
3132:
2930:
2229:
1967:
1934:
1775:
1748:
957:
903:
677:
608:
499:
472:
432:
394:
381:
283:
194:
3784:
3941:
3905:
3476:
3273:
3037:
2950:
2315:
2156:
2126:
2067:
2052:
1926:
1884:
1851:
1799:
1732:
1690:
967:
783:
507:
181:
2253:
3935:
3071:
3031:
2888:
2403:
1906:
1752:
1105:
725:
647:
578:
545:
267:
92:
134:
3885:
3566:
3234:
3049:
2174:
2130:
2077:
1929:. As a result of this mutually beneficial relationship, alder improves the
1902:
1897:
977:
735:
484:
447:
275:
2231:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
475:, but also visited by bees to a small extent. These trees differ from the
3727:
3575:
2895:
2759:(Betulaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Region"
2145:
2096:
2072:
1958:
1914:
1756:
1075:
893:
667:
594:
67:
42:
38:
3615:
2208:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
3706:
2906:
1874:
1835:
1698:
995:
420:
416:
240:
112:
77:
2395:
516:(green alder) is rarely more than a 5 m-tall (16 ft) shrub.
3732:
3649:
2837:
2134:
2108:
2024:
1972:
1892:
1674:
491:
460:
456:
296:
117:
3537:
1879:
3880:
3560:
3461:
3334:
3189:
3001:
2971:
2774:
2436:
2287:
2141:
2115:
2029:
1918:
1910:
534:
207:
107:
102:
87:
82:
72:
3654:
2481:
2114:
Alder is illustrated in the coat of arms for the
Austrian town of
1854:
east of the
Cascades and the Snake River, including Hells Canyon.
389:
3080:
2081:
2063:
2033:
1823:
1670:
1406:
230:
122:
97:
3745:
2080:. Recent clinical studies have verified that red alder contains
1235:
3641:
3206:
2869:
2160:
2088:, compounds shown to be effective against a variety of tumors.
2085:
2070:
in the body. Some Native
American cultures use red alder bark (
2056:
2045:
2041:
468:
464:
220:
2501:"alder | Etymology, origin and meaning of alder by etymonline"
3854:
3373:
3177:
3168:
3140:
3024:
2914:
1922:
1811:
554:
476:
436:
424:
168:
2664:. The Lewis and Clark Fort Mandan Foundation. Archived from
3422:
3348:
3298:
3247:
3194:
406:
427:, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the
3006:
2152:
2121:
Electric guitars, most notably those manufactured by the
2690:. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the birch family Betulaceae
2610:(2nd ed.). Graphic Arts Books. pp. 106, 142.
2529:
Consolidated list of environmental weeds in New Zealand
2380:"Plastomes of Betulaceae and phylogenetic implications"
2455:. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226.
2359:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2545:
2269:
1875:
Nitrogen fixation and succession of woodland species
1665:The oldest fossil pollen that can be identified as
1572:The status of the following hybrids is unresolved:
1240:The status of the following species is unresolved:
3933:
2228:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
1937:, it helps provide additional nitrogen for the
385:Female alder catkins after shedding their seeds
2377:
1891:Alder is particularly noted for its important
2853:
2494:
2492:
2450:
1236:Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
1126:
37:Not to be confused with the unrelated plants
2227:
459:, and the leaves are alternate, simple, and
2553:"Plant Search Result, see e.g. Alnus rubra"
2444:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2223:
2221:
2163:and are traditionally used to tan leather.
1418:The following hybrids have been described:
567:The genus is divided into three subgenera:
2860:
2846:
2531:. Wellington: Department of Conservation.
2489:
2137:), as it does not have a prominent grain.
2062:Alder bark contains the anti-inflammatory
498:) on the west coast of North America, and
295:
133:
2753:Chen, Zhiduan; Li, Jianhua (March 2004).
2480:
2474:
2435:
419:. The genus includes about 35 species of
2418:
2294:
2218:
2091:The inner bark of the alder, as well as
2023:
1878:
1405:
994:
593:
577:
446:
388:
380:
2763:International Journal of Plant Sciences
2633:Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West
2630:
2526:
944:
435:, as well as the northern and southern
14:
3934:
2867:
2752:
2468:
2459:Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau
2346:
2123:Fender Musical Instruments Corporation
1707:(Newberry) Meyer & Manchester 1987
987:
3542:
3541:
2841:
2655:
2603:
2429:
2265:
2263:
2202:
2200:
3860:BE0E87A3-897E-2657-814C-1603EA7A4D99
3808:d90a3651-3dea-4f93-9a71-851e339092ff
2579:"A Look at Venice: Past and Present"
2576:
2384:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
2755:"Phylogenetics and Biogeography of
2585:. University of Southern California
2340:
1966:for the first 25 years, it is very
24:
3873:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000643-2
2745:
2498:
2260:
2197:
2101:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1794:evolved from the Old English word
455:With a few exceptions, alders are
431:with a few species extending into
25:
3958:
2791:
2234:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
570:
524:
2451:Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959).
1995:
1983:
1798:, which in turn is derived from
1780:- Miocene; Western North America
1737:- Miocene; Western North America
1721:- Miocene; Western North America
1695:- Miocene; Western North America
1660:
553:
533:
155:
65:
2722:
2702:
2680:
2649:
2624:
2597:
2570:
2520:
2012:Alder roots are parasitized by
1677:, around 58 million years ago.
1068:(Req.) Lambinon & Kerguélen
2371:
2107:, to improve the taste of the
2103:in smoking mixtures, known as
442:
13:
1:
2190:
1913:. This bacterium is found in
1869:enrich the soil with nitrogen
2735:) accessed 17 November 2020
2717:www.officinadellambiente.com
2631:Tilford, Gregory L. (1997).
2527:Clayson, Howell (May 2008).
2066:, which is metabolized into
2059:were made from alder trees.
2055:that form the foundation of
2007:
1925:, which it produces through
1785:
758:(Orlova) Á.Löve & D.Löve
519:
7:
3947:Taxa named by Philip Miller
2719:, accessed 17 November 2020
2713:tr. AT THE SHORE: THE ALDER
2662:Discovering Lewis and Clark
2506:Online Etymology Dictionary
1883:A red alder seed is a tiny
1709:– Oligocene; Fossil, Oregon
1159:(Jarm. ex Czerpek) Vorosch.
10:
3963:
2464:HathiTrust Digital Library
2357:Plants of the World Online
2322:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2307:"The Plant List entry for
2169:
2151:Alder bark and wood (like
1829:
1401:
1282:H.Zare, Amini & Assadi
1127:Not assigned to a subgenus
36:
29:
3550:
3512:
3496:Tizra heartwood and root
3453:
3421:
3372:
3347:
3297:
3246:
3070:
3061:
3029:Tanner's sumach leaves -
2960:
2876:
2326:Missouri Botanical Garden
1933:where it grows, and as a
1814:name, from whence French
1145:Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii
972:(Marshall) Muhl. ex Nutt.
310:
303:
294:
281:
274:
152:Scientific classification
150:
141:
132:
56:
2938:Myrtan or black marlock
2822:Flora of North America:
2709:PRESSO LA RIVA: L'ONTANO
2180:The Tree of Wooden Clogs
1887:like those of all alders
888:Vít, Douda, & Mandák
828:Vít, Douda, & Mandák
490:The largest species are
3521:Anadenanthera colubrina
2185:L' Albero Degli Zoccoli
2019:
598:Leaves of the tag alder
409:that compose the genus
3223:Myracrodruon urundeuva
2036:
2028:Alder coat of arms of
2002:Sectioned root nodules
1888:
1842:of North America, the
1415:
1265:Jordanov & Kitanov
1004:
599:
591:
452:
399:
386:
371:(H.J.P.Winkl.) Czerep.
32:Alder (disambiguation)
3829:Paleobiology Database
2604:Ewing, Susan (2012).
2048:, and other seafood.
2027:
1962:Although it outgrows
1931:fertility of the soil
1882:
1871:and other nutrients.
1673:, dating to the late
1409:
1090:(Callier) Hand.-Mazz.
998:
597:
581:
450:
392:
384:
3260:Bergenia crassifolia
2982:Anogeissus latifolia
2964:hydrolysable tannins
2238:. pp. 208–215.
767:(Du Roi) R.T.Clausen
429:north temperate zone
415:in the birch family
30:For other uses, see
3501:Searsia pentaphylla
3311:Rumex hymenosepalus
3286:Coriaria myrtifolia
3035:or Chinese gall on
2830:Flora of Pakistan:
2688:"Native Plant Dyes"
2668:on 18 December 2010
2014:northern groundcone
1964:coastal Douglas-fir
1941:species to follow.
1822:(Spanish term for "
1806:. The generic name
1215:Alnus serrulatoides
1139:H.Lév. & Vaniot
1080:Siebold & Zucc.
672:Siebold & Zucc.
540:A young bull moose
363:(W.D.J.Koch) Schur.
3513:Undetermined organ
3465:sp. bark and wood
3442:Quercus infectoria
3435:Quercus lusitanica
3386:Libidibia coriaria
3157:Conocarpus erectus
3017:Quercus macrolepis
2994:Terminalia chebula
2943:Eucalyptus redunca
2806:Flora of Bolivia:
2635:. Mountain Press.
2236:Mountaineers Books
2099:, is used by some
2037:
1979:Alder root nodules
1909:, nitrogen-fixing
1895:relationship with
1889:
1810:is the equivalent
1763:Okanagan Highlands
1524:Alnus × peculiaris
1416:
1392:Alnus washingtonia
1279:Alnus dolichocarpa
1270:Alnus djavanshirii
1246:Alnus balatonialis
1225:Alnus vermicularis
1096:Alnus maximowiczii
1005:
854:Alnus oblongifolia
658:Alnus cremastogyne
600:
592:
453:
400:
387:
3929:
3928:
3816:Open Tree of Life
3544:Taxon identifiers
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3361:Senegalia catechu
3323:Quercus coccifera
2931:Acacia mollissima
2880:condensed tannins
2715:), December 2015
2617:978-0-88240-868-2
2538:978-0-478-14412-3
2499:Harper, Douglas.
2396:10.1111/jse.12479
2245:978-1-68051-329-5
2093:red osier dogwood
1990:Whole root nodule
1848:Alnus rhombifolia
1840:Pacific Northwest
1715:Alnus hollandiana
1703:Alnus heterodonta
1669:is from northern
1543:Alnus × pubescens
1444:Alnus × fallacina
1425:Alnus × elliptica
1360:Alnus obtusifolia
1352:Alnus microphylla
1165:Alnus hakkodensis
1116:Alnus sieboldiana
1086:Alnus mandshurica
934:Alnus trabeculosa
874:Alnus rhombifolia
794:Alnus jorullensis
631:(Schltdl.) Furlow
379:
378:
270:
16:(Redirected from
3954:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3787:
3785:NHMSYS0000455769
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3539:
3538:
3489:Notholithocarpus
3470:Prosopis humilis
3152:Button mangrove
3121:Senna auriculata
3098:Acacia decurrens
3092:Acacia pycnantha
3068:
3067:
2989:Myrobalan fruit
2862:
2855:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2814:Flora of China:
2798:Flora Europaea:
2786:
2739:
2726:
2720:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2577:Nakasako, Eric.
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2427:
2416:
2415:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2328:. September 2013
2303:
2292:
2291:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2204:
1999:
1987:
1968:shade intolerant
1790:The common name
1779:
1760:
1743:Alnus parvifolia
1736:
1720:
1708:
1694:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1567:
1548:
1529:
1510:
1491:
1472:
1449:
1430:
1412:Alnus × spaethii
1396:
1388:
1384:Alnus vilmoriana
1380:
1376:Alnus subrotunda
1372:
1368:Alnus oxyacantha
1364:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1312:Alnus glandulosa
1308:
1300:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1266:
1262:Alnus dimitrovii
1258:
1250:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1205:Alnus paniculata
1200:
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1019:
1014:Alnus alnobetula
983:
973:
963:
962:(Burkill) Makino
939:
929:
924:Alnus tenuifolia
919:
914:Alnus subcordata
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
864:Alnus orientalis
859:
849:
844:Alnus nepalensis
839:
834:Alnus matsumurae
829:
824:Alnus lusitanica
817:
808:
799:
789:
777:
776:(Nutt.) Breitung
768:
759:
750:
741:
731:
719:
710:
701:
692:
691:(C.A.Mey.) Yalt.
683:
673:
663:
653:
641:
640:(Fernald) Furlow
632:
623:
614:
582:Speckled alder (
557:
537:
513:Alnus alnobetula
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
299:
266:
160:
159:
137:
127:
64:
63:Paleocene–Recent
60:Temporal range:
54:
53:
21:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3917:
3912:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3806:
3804:
3796:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3546:
3536:
3527:
3508:
3449:
3417:
3410:Moullava digyna
3398:Acacia nilotica
3368:
3343:
3293:
3242:
3133:Acacia nilotica
3083:
3079:General :
3063:
3057:
2962:
2956:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2794:
2789:
2748:
2746:Further reading
2743:
2742:
2733:tr. Black Alder
2727:
2723:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2497:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2458:
2449:
2445:
2428:
2419:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2272:Alnus glutinosa
2268:
2261:
2246:
2226:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2172:
2022:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1988:
1935:pioneer species
1877:
1832:
1788:
1783:
1773:
1746:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1688:
1663:
1658:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1570:
1565:
1562:Alnus × suginoi
1546:
1527:
1508:
1494:A. maximowiczii
1489:
1470:
1467:Alnus × hanedae
1447:
1428:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1336:Alnus laciniata
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1017:
993:
981:
971:
961:
958:Alnus formosana
950:
942:
937:
927:
917:
907:
904:Alnus serrulata
897:
887:
877:
867:
857:
847:
837:
827:
815:
806:
797:
788:(Thunb.) Steud.
787:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
729:
717:
708:
699:
690:
681:
678:Alnus glutinosa
671:
661:
651:
639:
630:
621:
612:
609:Alnus acuminata
576:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
558:
550:
549:
538:
527:
522:
473:wind-pollinated
445:
433:Central America
395:Alnus serrulata
375:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
316:
315:
290:
287:
284:Alnus glutinosa
265:
154:
144:Alnus glutinosa
128:
126:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
62:
61:
58:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:wfo-4000001331
3910:
3900:
3890:
3877:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3812:
3802:
3789:
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3610:
3597:
3587:
3572:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:Prosopis nigra
3473:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3381:Divi-divi pod
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:Uncaria gambir
3265:
3264:
3263:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3089:(most notably
3084:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:Rhus chinensis
3022:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2920:Vitis vinifera
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2793:
2792:External links
2790:
2788:
2787:
2775:10.1086/382795
2769:(2): 325–335.
2749:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:uomoenatura.it
2721:
2701:
2679:
2656:Staff (2009).
2648:
2641:
2623:
2616:
2596:
2569:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2488:
2467:
2443:
2437:10.3133/pp398B
2417:
2390:(5): 508–518.
2370:
2339:
2316:The Plant List
2293:
2288:10.12705/663.4
2282:(3): 567–583.
2259:
2244:
2217:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2171:
2168:
2157:sweet chestnut
2127:nitrocellulose
2068:salicylic acid
2021:
2018:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1927:photosynthesis
1876:
1873:
1852:Columbia River
1831:
1828:
1800:Proto-Germanic
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1765:
1738:
1722:
1719:Jennings, 1920
1710:
1696:
1679:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1539:
1520:
1505:Alnus × mayrii
1501:
1486:Alnus × hosoii
1482:
1479:A. sieboldiana
1463:
1440:
1420:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1363:Mert. ex Regel
1357:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1304:Alnus gigantea
1301:
1296:Alnus frangula
1293:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1257:Geyer ex Walp.
1251:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1189:Duthie ex Bean
1181:
1171:
1161:
1155:Alnus glutipes
1151:
1141:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1032:(Ehrh.) K.Koch
1018:(Ehrh.) K.Koch
1009:
992:
986:
985:
984:
974:
968:Alnus maritima
964:
949:
943:
941:
940:
930:
920:
910:
908:(Aiton) Willd.
900:
890:
884:Alnus rohlenae
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
819:
818:
809:
790:
784:Alnus japonica
780:
779:
778:
769:
760:
751:
732:
722:
721:
720:
718:(Willd.) Regel
711:
709:(Willd.) Regel
702:
693:
674:
664:
654:
652:(Loisel.) Duby
644:
643:
642:
633:
624:
604:
575:
569:
559:
552:
551:
539:
532:
531:
530:
529:
528:
526:
525:Classification
523:
521:
518:
444:
441:
377:
376:
374:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
314:Genus synonyms
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
301:
300:
292:
291:
288:
279:
278:
272:
271:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
205:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
142:Common alder (
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3959:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3330:Sea lavender
3329:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:Other sources
3060:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3032:Rhus coriaria
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2889:Areca catechu
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2642:0-87842-359-1
2638:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2483:
2482:10.3133/b1597
2478:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2017:
2015:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:Alnus viridis
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:Alnus relatus
1766:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:) Wolfe, 1966
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:) Wolfe, 1966
1692:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:Fossil record
1654:
1653:A. subcordata
1650:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1582:aschersoniana
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1328:Alnus hybrida
1326:
1321:
1320:Alnus henedae
1318:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1288:Alnus figerti
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1254:Alnus cuneata
1252:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:Alnus fauriei
1132:
1131:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:Alnus pendula
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:Alnus viridis
1016:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1001:Alnus viridis
999:Green alder (
997:
991:
982:(Spach) Endl.
980:
979:
975:
970:
969:
965:
960:
959:
955:
954:
953:
948:
936:
935:
931:
926:
925:
921:
916:
915:
911:
906:
905:
901:
896:
895:
891:
886:
885:
881:
876:
875:
871:
866:
865:
861:
856:
855:
851:
846:
845:
841:
836:
835:
831:
826:
825:
821:
814:
810:
805:
801:
800:
796:
795:
791:
786:
785:
781:
774:
770:
765:
761:
756:
752:
747:
743:
742:
738:
737:
733:
730:(Spach) Rupr.
728:
727:
726:Alnus hirsuta
723:
716:
712:
707:
703:
698:
694:
689:
685:
684:
680:
679:
675:
670:
669:
665:
660:
659:
655:
650:
649:
648:Alnus cordata
645:
638:
634:
629:
625:
620:
616:
615:
611:
610:
606:
605:
603:
596:
589:
585:
580:
574:
568:
556:
547:
546:Homer, Alaska
543:
536:
517:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
485:conifer cones
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
449:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:
408:
404:
397:
396:
391:
383:
369:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
345:
342:
337:
334:
329:
326:
321:
318:
317:
309:
306:
302:
298:
293:
286:
285:
280:
277:
273:
269:
264:
263:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:Tracheophytes
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
131:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3551:
3519:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3440:
3433:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3359:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3284:
3272:
3258:
3235:Salix caprea
3233:
3221:
3211:
3199:
3182:
3167:
3155:
3145:
3131:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3050:Tara spinosa
3048:
3036:
3030:
3015:
3012:Valonia oak
2992:
2980:
2941:
2929:
2926:Mimosa bark
2919:
2905:
2896:arecatannins
2887:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:the original
2661:
2651:
2632:
2626:
2606:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2582:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2528:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2504:
2470:
2452:
2446:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2356:
2350:
2347:Govaerts R.
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2314:
2308:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2230:
2212:apps.kew.org
2211:
2184:
2178:
2175:Ermanno Olmi
2173:
2165:
2150:
2139:
2131:polyurethane
2120:
2113:
2105:kinnikinnick
2104:
2090:
2078:tuberculosis
2071:
2061:
2050:
2038:
2011:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:successional
1915:root nodules
1903:actinomycete
1898:Frankia alni
1896:
1890:
1864:
1861:A. glutinosa
1860:
1859:
1856:
1847:
1833:
1819:
1818:and Spanish
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1768:
1761:- Ypresian;
1741:
1727:Alnus largei
1725:
1713:
1701:
1683:
1666:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1551:A. glutinosa
1550:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1460:A. serrulata
1459:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1437:A. glutinosa
1436:
1432:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1344:Alnus lobata
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1195:Alnus mairei
1193:
1185:Alnus lanata
1183:
1179:C.K.Schneid.
1175:Alnus henryi
1173:
1163:
1153:
1149:C.K.Schneid.
1143:
1133:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1059:(Regel) Raus
1055:
1050:(Rupr.) Raus
1046:
1041:(Aiton) Raus
1037:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1006:
1000:
989:
978:Alnus nitida
976:
966:
956:
951:
946:
932:
922:
912:
902:
892:
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
832:
822:
812:
803:
792:
782:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:Alnus incana
734:
724:
714:
705:
700:(L.) Gaertn.
696:
687:
682:(L.) Gaertn.
676:
666:
656:
646:
636:
627:
618:
607:
601:
587:
584:Alnus incana
583:
572:
566:
544:on Alnus in
511:
504:A. glutinosa
503:
495:
489:
480:
454:
411:
410:
402:
401:
398:male catkins
393:
368:Cremastogyne
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
320:Betula-alnus
319:
289:(L.) Gaertn.
282:
276:Type species
261:
260:
214:
201:
188:
175:
143:
51:
3728:iNaturalist
3576:Wikispecies
3454:Whole plant
2902:Broad bean
2868:Sources of
2729:Ontano nero
2694:17 December
2658:"Bearberry"
2562:17 November
2363:14 December
2332:14 December
2097:chokecherry
2073:Alnus rubra
1959:leaf litter
1907:filamentous
1844:white alder
1836:alder carrs
1774:(Knowlton)
1685:Alnus fairi
1649:A. japonica
1517:A. japonica
1076:Alnus firma
947:Clethropsis
938:Hand.-Mazz.
894:Alnus rubra
813:jorullensis
749:(L.) Moench
740:(L.) Moench
668:Alnus firma
500:black alder
443:Description
344:Clethropsis
251:Betuloideae
247:Subfamily:
195:Angiosperms
43:dwarf alder
39:witch alder
3936:Categories
3318:Garouille
2961:Sources of
2907:Vicia faba
2877:Sources of
2589:22 January
2254:1141235469
2191:References
2159:) contain
1955:A. sinuata
1865:A. viridis
1536:A. pendula
1513:A. hirsuta
1498:A. pendula
1433:A. cordata
1355:Arv.-Touv.
1299:L. ex Huth
1065:suaveolens
1029:alnobetula
990:Alnobetula
773:tenuifolia
423:trees and
421:monoecious
417:Betulaceae
360:Alnobetula
352:Semidopsis
241:Betulaceae
3430:Gall oak
3405:Teri pod
3393:Sant pod
3306:Canaigre
3146:Betula sp
3045:Tara pod
2951:Quebracho
2404:1674-4918
2177:'s movie
2135:polyester
2109:bearberry
2008:Parasites
1973:heart rot
1911:bacterium
1893:symbiotic
1838:. In the
1786:Etymology
1675:Paleocene
1630:silesiaca
1555:A. incana
1452:A. incana
1047:fruticosa
1020:(synonym-
988:Subgenus
945:Subgenus
755:kolaensis
715:laciniata
697:glutinosa
619:acuminata
571:Subgenus
520:Phylogeny
492:red alder
457:deciduous
328:Duschekia
165:Kingdom:
3903:VASCAN:
3886:40010579
3881:Tropicos
3613:BioLib:
3561:Wikidata
3462:Prosopis
3335:Limonium
3218:Urunday
3212:Picea sp
3200:Pinus sp
3190:Mangrove
3183:Larix sp
3164:Hemlock
3110:Alnus sp
3064:by organ
3002:Oak bark
2972:Chestnut
2783:85579093
2672:29 April
2557:pfaf.org
2512:22 March
2412:91509152
2324:and the
2146:veneered
2142:hardwood
2116:Grossarl
2030:Grossarl
1919:nitrogen
1733:Knowlton
1691:Knowlton
1642:spaethii
1618:purpusii
1606:ljungeri
1532:A. firma
1475:A. firma
1471:Suyinata
918:C.A.Mey.
637:glabrata
590:)—leaves
542:browsing
496:A. rubra
461:serrated
336:Alnaster
323:Marshall
305:Synonyms
237:Family:
208:Eudicots
3896:5865990
3759:1330326
3707:2876099
3524:(vilca)
3484:Tanoak
3281:Redoul
3268:Gambier
3230:Willow
3116:Avaram
3087:Acacias
3081:Tanbark
2870:tannins
2583:Illumin
2462:at the
2318:, v.1.1
2170:Culture
2082:betulin
2064:salicin
2053:pilings
2034:Austria
1951:sinuata
1949:subsp.
1830:Ecology
1671:Bohemia
1645:Callier
1621:Callier
1597:Callier
1594:koehnei
1585:Callier
1547:Tausch.
1509:Callier
1490:Mizush.
1454:subsp.
1448:Callier
1402:Hybrids
1371:Lavalle
1291:Callier
1219:Callier
1169:Hayashi
1120:Matsum.
1110:Matsum.
1100:Callier
1063:subsp.
1056:sinuata
1054:subsp.
1045:subsp.
1036:subsp.
1027:subsp.
838:Callier
811:subsp.
802:subsp.
771:subsp.
762:subsp.
753:subsp.
744:subsp.
713:subsp.
704:subsp.
695:subsp.
688:barbata
686:subsp.
662:Burkill
635:subsp.
626:subsp.
617:subsp.
586:subsp.
548:in 2010
477:birches
469:catkins
465:flowers
355:Zumagl.
257:Genus:
231:Fagales
227:Order:
169:Plantae
3893:uBio:
3842:PLANTS
3821:791135
3805:NZOR:
3746:3975-1
3694:101157
3668:101157
3642:107300
3593:187959
3590:APDB:
3567:Q25239
3356:Cutch
3255:Badan
3248:Leaves
3207:Spruce
3128:Babul
2977:Dhawa
2781:
2639:
2614:
2535:
2410:
2402:
2252:
2242:
2161:tannin
2111:leaf.
2086:lupeol
2057:Venice
2046:salmon
2042:coffee
1923:sugars
1885:samara
1824:poplar
1778:, 1937
1759:, 1987
1755:&
1566:Sugim.
1528:Hiyama
1456:rugosa
1395:Wetzel
1323:Sugim.
1284:– Iran
1275:– Iran
1273:H.Zare
1249:Borbás
1199:H.Lév.
1038:crispa
868:Decne.
807:Furlow
764:rugosa
746:incana
706:incisa
628:arguta
588:rugosa
508:native
481:Betula
463:. The
451:Pollen
425:shrubs
403:Alders
221:Rosids
45:, and
3942:Alnus
3855:Plazi
3847:ALNUS
3834:54588
3772:19466
3754:IRMNG
3733:53352
3681:Alnus
3676:FoAO2
3655:1ALUG
3629:8VTM3
3606:82620
3582:Alnus
3552:Alnus
3423:Galls
3374:Fruit
3349:Woods
3299:Roots
3178:Larch
3169:Tsuga
3141:Birch
3105:Alder
3072:Barks
3025:Sumac
2915:Grape
2892:seed
2832:Alnus
2824:Alnus
2816:Alnus
2808:Alnus
2800:Alnus
2779:S2CID
2757:Alnus
2408:S2CID
2353:Mill"
2351:Alnus
2309:Alnus
2276:Taxon
2140:As a
2133:, or
2095:, or
1901:, an
1820:Alamo
1816:aulne
1812:Latin
1808:Alnus
1804:aliso
1802:root
1792:alder
1776:Brown
1753:Wolfe
1749:Berry
1667:Alnus
1638:Alnus
1626:Alnus
1614:Alnus
1609:Murai
1602:Alnus
1590:Alnus
1578:Alnus
1387:Lebas
1379:Desf.
1347:Nyman
1339:Ehrh.
1331:Rchb.
1315:Sarg.
1307:Nakai
1229:Nakai
1209:Nakai
928:Nutt.
898:Bong.
878:Nutt.
858:Torr.
848:D.Don
816:Kunth
804:lutea
798:Kunth
622:Kunth
613:Kunth
573:Alnus
437:Andes
412:Alnus
407:trees
347:Spach
339:Spach
268:Mill.
262:Alnus
215:Clade
202:Clade
189:Clade
176:Clade
57:Alder
47:elder
18:Alnus
3868:POWO
3798:3515
3793:NCBI
3767:ITIS
3741:IPNI
3715:GRIN
3702:GBIF
3650:EPPO
3616:3442
3601:APNI
3195:Pine
3095:and
3009:wood
2974:wood
2953:wood
2696:2014
2674:2011
2637:ISBN
2612:ISBN
2591:2018
2564:2020
2533:ISBN
2514:2022
2400:ISSN
2365:2020
2334:2020
2250:OCLC
2240:ISBN
2155:and
2084:and
2020:Uses
1863:and
1826:").
1796:alor
1757:Wehr
1633:Fiek
1429:Req.
467:are
405:are
331:Opiz
68:PreꞒ
3914:WFO
3906:803
3780:NBN
3720:437
3689:FoC
3663:FNA
3637:EoL
3624:CoL
3007:Oak
2771:doi
2767:165
2477:doi
2432:doi
2392:doi
2284:doi
2153:oak
506:),
3938::
3916::
3883::
3870::
3857::
3844::
3831::
3818::
3795::
3782::
3769::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3717::
3704::
3691::
3678::
3665::
3652::
3639::
3626::
3603::
3578::
3563::
3337:sp
3171:sp
2777:.
2765:.
2761:.
2660:.
2581:.
2555:.
2503:.
2491:^
2420:^
2406:.
2398:.
2388:57
2386:.
2382:.
2355:.
2320:.
2313:.
2296:^
2280:66
2278:.
2262:^
2248:.
2220:^
2210:.
2199:^
2129:,
2118:.
2044:,
2032:,
2016:.
1905:,
1751:)
1651:×
1640:×
1628:×
1616:×
1604:×
1592:×
1580:×
1553:×
1534:×
1515:×
1496:×
1477:×
1458:×
1435:×
1024:)
487:.
439:.
217::
204::
191::
178::
146:)
118:Pg
41:,
3101:)
2861:e
2854:t
2847:v
2785:.
2773::
2731:(
2711:(
2698:.
2676:.
2645:.
2620:.
2593:.
2566:.
2541:.
2516:.
2485:.
2479::
2440:.
2434::
2414:.
2394::
2367:.
2349:"
2336:.
2311:"
2290:.
2286::
2256:.
2214:.
2183:(
1953:(
1846:(
1767:†
1747:(
1740:†
1731:(
1724:†
1712:†
1699:†
1689:(
1682:†
1655:)
1647:(
1557:)
1549:(
1538:)
1530:(
1519:)
1511:(
1500:)
1492:(
1481:)
1473:(
1462:)
1450:(
1439:)
1431:(
1003:)
502:(
494:(
479:(
123:N
113:K
108:J
103:T
98:P
93:C
88:D
83:S
78:O
73:Ꞓ
49:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
