498:
274:
concerned with harvest. In closed cycle operations, adult females are kept in captivity, and the eggs they lay are collected, incubated artificially, hatched, and the juveniles are grown to a certain size and harvested. Closed cycle operations provide no incentive for conservation and are often unsuccessful because the cost of starting and managing the operation often outweighs the profits gained from products. Although the cost of operating an open cycle operation is comparable to closed cycle, the goal of an open cycle operation is the overall health of the species, rather than economic profit. Captive breeding and ranching operations provide more incentive to protect natural populations and are important contributors to the success of crocodilian populations.
444:
78:
510:
462:
486:
474:
266:(CITES) and the Crocodile Specialist Group (CSG). Alligators can be raised in captivity on farms or on ranches. Alligator farms breed alligators, whereas ranches incubate and rear hatchlings collected from the wild. Farms do collect eggs from the wild but they also keep breeding adults in their facilities to produce their own eggs whereas ranches do not. Farming and ranching operations typically return a certain percentage of juveniles to the wild at a size associated with a high survival rate, an approach that increases overall alligator survival rates from the low numbers of successful eggs and juveniles usually observed in the wild.
522:
52:
1726:
93:
66:
270:
amount of space. Tourism can bring additional revenue to crocodile rearing facilities, but they must be made safe for the public and the crocodiles, while maintaining an aesthetically pleasing environment. This frequently depends on enclosures that can be easily cleaned without harming the animals. If closed to public viewing, facilities have fewer requirements and can have a more practical design.
38:
299:. Crocodiles suffer from stress in confined spaces such as farms, leading to disease outbreaks. Most crocodilians keep a body temperature within 28 and 33 degrees Celsius. On farms, body temperatures can reach 36 degrees Celsius, which affects the animals' immune system, and puts them at risk of various illnesses. Another concern is for the cleanliness of the water in enclosures.
497:
250:
is reduced. Juvenile crocodilians can also be released into the wild to support a steady population. Wild alligator conservation has also benefited indirectly from farming. Ranching businesses protect alligator habitats to take care of nesting sites. The fiscal incentive to keep a healthy environment
1248:
Farfán-Ale, JosĂ© A.; Marlenee, Nicole L.; Puerto-Manzano, Fernando; Loroño-Pino, MarĂa A.; Blitvich, Bradley J.; Beaty, Barry J.; MĂ©ndez-Galván, Jorge F.; Correa-Morales, Favián; Hernández-Gaona, Gerson; Cremieux-Grimaldi, Juan C.; Ortega-Salazar, Andres; Rosado-Paredes, Elsy P.; Flores-Flores, Luis
273:
Alligators and crocodiles can be raised in captivity with "open cycle" or "closed cycle" methods. Open cycle refers to programs that are concerned with the health of the wild population and are using captive rearing as a means to supplement the wild populations. Closed-cycle operations are primarily
241:
A common misconception is that crocodilians are an easy source of revenue and not difficult to care for in captivity; however, few crocodilian businesses are successful in the developing world. To offset overhead costs and have a regular source of income, crocodilian facilities can add tourism; in
269:
Crocodiles can be housed in a number of ways depending on the goals of the rearing facility. Large areas of a lake or marsh can be enclosed for many individuals or a smaller area can be created for fewer individuals. Due to the size and lifespan of the animals, adult crocodiles need a substantial
385:
causes organ failure and death. Mycoplasmosis causes polyarthritis and pneumonia in crocodilians under the age of three. Infected animals have swollen jaws and are unable to move. Chlamydiosis has two forms that affects juveniles under one year of age. The first causes acute hepatitis, usually
380:
Illnesses affecting crocodilians include crocodile pox, which is caused by
Parapoxvirus, affecting hatchlings and juveniles. It causes a brown residue to form around the eyes, oral cavity, and tail. Caiman pox similarly causes white lesions around the eyes, oral cavity, and tail. Adenoviral
155:. Only in the 1960s did commercial operations that either harvested eggs from the wild or bred alligators on-site begin to appear. This was largely driven by diminishing stocks of wild alligators, which had been hunted nearly to extinction by that time.
245:
Alligator farming has minimal adverse effects on the environment, and has at least two positive direct effects on alligator conservation. Because the luxury goods industry has a reliable stream of product, illegal
443:
503:
Photograph of "Okeechobee" in its pen ca.1900. The sign posted behind it reads "OKEECHOBEE / Age About 500 Years / The
Largest Alligator in Captivity / The California Alligator Farm / Los Angeles, CA".
659:
429:, teams had to visit a Cuban alligator farm and feed a wheelbarrow full of chum to a pen of alligators along with capturing an alligator with a stick and rope in order to receive their next clue.
251:
for breeding alligators means that the environment and its wildlife are seen as an economic resource. This can augment the government's willingness to take care of crocodilian populations.
638:
1167:
Nevarez, Javier G.; Mitchell, Mark A.; Kim, Dae Young; Poston, Rob; Lampinen, Heather M. (2005). "West Nile Virus in
Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, Ranches from Louisiana".
613:
201:
Farming alligators and crocodiles first grew out of the demand for skins, which can fetch hundreds of dollars each. But alligator and crocodile meat, long a part of
263:
352:
The skin, most notably the underside, of alligators and crocodiles is of commercial value, so diseases of the skin need to be treated properly and effectively.
1128:
Jacobson, Elliott R.; Johnson, April J.; Hernandez, Jorge A.; Tucker, Sylvia J.; Dupuis, Alan P.; Stevens, Robert; Carbonneau, Dwayne; Stark, Lillian (2005).
691:
509:
1045:
Elsey, Ruth M.; Mouton, Edmond C.; Kinler, Noel (2012). "Effects of Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) on
Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Nests in Louisiana".
914:
Elsey, Ruth; McNease, Larry; Joanen, Ted (2001). "Louisiana's alligator ranching programme: a review and analysis of releases of captive-raised juveniles".
1615:
386:
resulting in death. The other causes chronic bilateral conjunctivitis, usually resulting in blindness. Parasitic infections include tapeworm cysts,
1673:
1130:"Validation and use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to West Nile virus in American Alligators (
398:
There have been reports of crocodiles escaping from farms during flooding. In 2013, approximately 15,000 crocodiles were released into the
148:
131:
are farmed internationally. In
Louisiana alone, alligator farming is a $ 60 to $ 70 million industry. Most crocodile farms are located in
461:
844:
Heykoop, Jerry; Frechette, Darren (2001). "Gatornomics: Profitable and sustainable use of alligators in the southeastern United States".
485:
473:
166:), farming alligators for skins became the most viable option for producing leather. Mostly concentrated in the Southern U.S. states of
1200:"Detection of West Nile Virus RNA in Mosquitoes and Identification of Mosquito Blood Meals Collected at Alligator Farms in Louisiana"
521:
1803:
1083:
Miller, Debra L.; Mauel, Michael J.; Baldwin, Charles; Burtle, Gary; Ingram, Dallas; Hines, Murray E.; Frazier, Kendal S. (2003).
202:
96:
147:
and their being bred in farms probably began as late as the early 20th century. Most of the early businesses, such as
1856:
1666:
1715:
1690:
1635:
1514:
1536:
420:. Tee Hee Johnson, one of the villain's henchman, attempts to feed James Bond to the alligators and crocodiles.
1793:
1710:
1251:"Antibodies to West Nile Virus in Asymptomatic Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico"
17:
1449:
359:
is common on some farms, and is acquired from infected food; it may also be spread by poor hygiene practices.
541:
262:
Ranching, wild harvesting, and captive breeding are the three ways to obtain crocodilians recognized by the
1861:
1659:
879:
Blake, D.K.; Loveridge, J.P. (1975). "The role of commercial crocodile farming in crocodile conservation".
254:
Animals other than crocodilians may benefit from a similar application of sustainable and ethical farming.
214:
77:
1592:
932:
Magnusson, W.E. (1984). "Economics, developing countries, and the captive propagation of crocodilians".
591:
1587:
1474:
425:
226:
213:, began to be sold and shipped to markets unfamiliar with crocodilian meat. Chinese cuisine based on
1851:
1698:
51:
416:
151:, established in 1893, were farms in name only, primarily keeping alligators and crocodiles as a
1298:
Dzoma, B. M.; Sejoe, S.; Segwagwe, B. V. E. (2008). "Commercial crocodile farming in
Botswana".
561:
345:. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. WNV has been found in Mexico at a crocodile farm in
959:
Cox, J.H.; Rahman, M.M. (1994). "An assessment of crocodile resource potential in
Bangladesh".
365:
163:
31:
449:
Edward H. Mitchell, "The Joy Ride" at the
California Alligator Farm, Los Angeles, California,
1752:
1331:
1026:
993:
Dzoma, B. M.; Sejoe, S.; Segwagwe, B. V. (2008). "Commercial crocodile farming in
Botswana".
360:
296:
888:
784:
330:
175:
749:
8:
1772:
1725:
1682:
1529:
222:
187:
41:
892:
788:
182:
are farmed intensively today, mostly within each species' respective native region. The
1830:
1577:
1323:
1229:
1111:
1084:
1062:
1018:
941:
861:
800:
643:
326:
159:
152:
1250:
1597:
1572:
1424:
1374:
1315:
1272:
1221:
1155:
1116:
1010:
900:
865:
775:
Moyle, Brendan (2013). "Conservation that's more than skin-deep: alligator farming".
720:"Housing Crocodilians in Captivity: Considerations for Central America and Caribbean"
570:
346:
195:
179:
1544:
1066:
820:"Control of operations that breed Appendix—I animal species for commercial purposes"
804:
1798:
1757:
1620:
1508:
1416:
1366:
1327:
1307:
1262:
1233:
1211:
1176:
1145:
1106:
1096:
1054:
1022:
1002:
896:
853:
792:
719:
242:
this way alligator farming can assist native species and provide people with work.
225:
to support this. Crocodile meat was eaten, albeit rarely and as an exotic dish, in
1502:
1820:
1640:
1630:
566:
322:
210:
194:
are generally not of enough market value to farm, though captive breeding of the
1335:
1030:
307:
Many alligator farms in the United States have experienced property damage from
287:
Welfare concerns include the threat of crocodilian diseases such as caiman pox,
1767:
1522:
1150:
1129:
183:
116:
82:
55:
1311:
1267:
1006:
857:
796:
410:
A crocodilian farm in
Louisiana (in reality, Jamaica) is featured in the 1973
1845:
1777:
1704:
1180:
399:
356:
292:
206:
162:
was placed under official protection in 1967 (under a law preceding the 1973
144:
1808:
1428:
1420:
1370:
1319:
1276:
1247:
1225:
1159:
1120:
1101:
1014:
374:
370:
92:
1378:
1058:
961:
Proceedings of the 12th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group
123:
from crocodile and alligator skin, and other goods. Many species of both
112:
750:"Alternative Opportunities for Small Farms: Alligator Production Review"
1582:
1351:
963:. Vol. 1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN – The World Conservation Union.
945:
411:
309:
288:
1651:
1401:
1196:
Unlu, Isik, Kramer, Wayne L., Roy, Alma F., Foil, Lane D., July 2010.
178:, the practice quickly spread to other nations. Both the American and
1762:
1554:
1546:
382:
338:
167:
128:
124:
45:
1216:
1199:
562:"Inside the Dangerous (and Lucrative) Business of Alligator Farming"
1747:
1742:
247:
132:
86:
70:
1198:
Unlu, Isik; Kramer, Wayne L.; Roy, Alma F.; Foil, Lane D. (2010).
639:"Anahuac Journal; Alligator Farmer Feeds Demand for All the Parts"
1558:
718:
Brien, Matthew; Cherkiss, Michael; Parry, Mark; Mazzotti, Frank.
334:
230:
171:
120:
65:
1043:
Elsey, Ruth M., Mouton, Edward C. Jr, and Kinler, Noel., 2012.
1825:
1550:
325:(WNV) infected and caused deaths resulting in economic loss in
218:
191:
59:
1734:
1450:"South Africa police join hunt for 10,000 escaped crocodiles"
918:. Surrey Beaty & Sons, Chipping Norton. pp. 426–441.
342:
692:"Crocodiles In Vietnam Skinned Alive In Service Of Fashion"
229:, but it was taboo and off limits for Chinese. In Vietnam,
37:
1475:"Photographs of the Los Angeles Alligator Farm (ca. 1907)"
1249:
F.; Chávez-Medina, Jaidy; GarcĂa-RejĂłn, Julián E. (2006).
390:
in the meat of Nile crocodiles in Zimbabwe, and Coccidia.
515:
A uniformed man feeding an alligator at an alligator farm
369:) can persist for years if not treated, for example with
1296:
Dzoma, B. M., Sejoe, S., Segwagwe, B. V., E. June 2008.
991:
Dzoma, B. M., Sejoe, S., Segwagwe, B. V., E. June 2008.
819:
402:
from flood gates at the nearby Rakwena Crocodile Farm.
264:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
217:
considers the meat to be a curative food for colds and
717:
676:
Chang, L. T., and Olson, R.. Gilded Age, Gilded Cage.
27:
Establishment for breeding and raising of crocodilians
190:
is farmed in Australia and other areas. The smaller
1352:"Public health risks of ostrich and crocodile meat"
1507:is available for free viewing and download at the
1297:
992:
913:
1255:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1197:
1044:
979:Crocodiles: An action plan for their conservation
1843:
843:
111:is an establishment for breeding and raising of
747:Lane, Thomas J. and Ruppert, Kathleen C., 1987.
1169:Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery
976:
878:
1667:
1530:
1402:"Diseases of farmed crocodiles and ostriches"
755:. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
186:is found in ranches all over Africa, and the
1399:
1349:
927:
925:
149:St. Augustine Alligator Farm Zoological Park
837:
660:"Louisiana Alligator, From Pies to Picante"
355:Crocodilian diseases vary between species.
1674:
1660:
1537:
1523:
1266:
1215:
1149:
1110:
1100:
958:
931:
922:
907:
1804:Turtle Island (Native American folklore)
614:"One Way to Halt Poaching-Gator Farming"
143:Alligators and crocodiles are not truly
91:
76:
64:
50:
36:
1681:
972:
970:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
658:Marcus, Frances Frank (April 4, 1993).
14:
1844:
1085:"West Nile Virus in Farmed Alligators"
657:
611:
467:Alligators going down a toboggan slide
1655:
1518:
1300:Tropical Animal Health and Production
995:Tropical Animal Health and Production
774:
689:
636:
607:
605:
405:
231:skinning is performed on still living
967:
727:University of Florida IFAS Extension
702:
612:Medley, Cynthia (January 18, 1970).
491:A man leading an alligator via leash
479:A baby playing with young alligators
438:Los Angeles Alligator farm, ca.1900
24:
1504:Alligator Aquaculture in the South
670:
602:
559:
198:does take place in South America.
115:in order to produce crocodile and
25:
1873:
1495:
916:Crocodilian Biology and Evolution
637:Lyman, Rick (November 30, 1998).
527:An incubator on an alligator farm
282:
221:prevention, although there is no
1724:
1716:Tyrannosaurus in popular culture
1636:Famous crocodiles and alligators
592:"Crocodiles and Alligator Farms"
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
442:
1467:
1442:
1392:
1342:
1290:
1240:
1190:
1073:
1037:
985:
952:
872:
812:
767:
1794:Cultural depictions of turtles
1711:Stegosaurus in popular culture
1409:Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz
1359:Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz
741:
683:
651:
630:
584:
553:
13:
1:
1204:Journal of Medical Entomology
977:Thorbjarnarson, John (1992).
777:Biodiversity and Conservation
690:Davis, Brett (Dec 22, 2016).
547:
450:
1138:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
1089:Emerging Infectious Diseases
901:10.1016/0006-3207(75)90004-x
773:Moyle, Brendan (July 2013).
678:National Geographic Magazine
388:Trichinella spiralis nelsoni
215:traditional Chinese medicine
7:
1593:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
1400:Huchzermeyer, F.W. (2002).
1350:Huchzermeyer, F.W. (1997).
1246:Farfan, Jose A. et al 2006.
981:. Gland, Switzerland: UUCN.
535:
373:. Crocodilians may acquire
277:
97:Samutprakarn Crocodile Farm
10:
1878:
1588:List of crurotarsan genera
1151:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.107
1132:Alligator mississippiensis
432:
426:The Amazing Race Australia
316:
257:
236:
138:
29:
1786:
1733:
1722:
1689:
1606:
1565:
1312:10.1007/s11250-007-9103-4
1268:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.908
1007:10.1007/s11250-007-9103-4
934:Wildlife Society Bulletin
858:10.1086/mre.16.2.42628834
846:Marine Resource Economics
797:10.1007/s10531-013-0501-9
542:Animal–industrial complex
393:
1857:Animal keeping by humans
1699:Crystal Palace Dinosaurs
1479:The Public Domain Review
1181:10.5818/1529-9651.15.3.4
423:In the second season of
302:
1616:Fatal alligator attacks
1398:Huchzermeyer, F.W. 2002
1348:Huchzermeyer, F.W. 1997
1047:Southeastern Naturalist
881:Biological Conservation
729:. University of Florida
596:Americana-alligator.com
321:Between 2001 and 2003,
1421:10.20506/rst.21.2.1334
1371:10.20506/rst.16.2.1051
1102:10.3201/eid0907.030085
366:Chlamydophila psittaci
164:Endangered Species Act
100:
89:
74:
62:
48:
32:Alligator Farm (album)
1753:Serpents in the Bible
209:) and some Asian and
95:
80:
68:
54:
40:
1545:Related articles on
1059:10.1656/058.011.0204
377:from infected meat.
289:adenoviral Hepatitis
1862:Reptiles and humans
1773:Serpent (symbolism)
1683:Reptiles in culture
893:1975BCons...8..261B
789:2013BiCon..22.1663M
327:American alligators
223:scientific evidence
188:saltwater crocodile
42:Saltwater crocodile
30:For the album, see
1831:Reptilian humanoid
1578:Foramen of Panizza
664:The New York Times
644:The New York Times
618:The New York Times
406:In popular culture
227:Vietnamese cuisine
160:American alligator
153:tourist attraction
101:
90:
75:
63:
49:
1839:
1838:
1649:
1648:
1621:Crocodile attacks
1598:The Croc Festival
1573:Crocodilian armor
571:Mansueto Ventures
347:Ciudad del Carmen
196:spectacled caiman
180:Chinese alligator
69:Aerial view of a
16:(Redirected from
1869:
1799:Bixi (mythology)
1758:Rod of Asclepius
1728:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1509:Internet Archive
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1270:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1163:
1153:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1041:
1035:
1034:
989:
983:
982:
974:
965:
964:
956:
950:
949:
929:
920:
919:
911:
905:
904:
876:
870:
869:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
816:
810:
808:
783:(8): 1663–1677.
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
754:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
724:
715:
700:
699:
687:
681:
674:
668:
667:
655:
649:
648:
634:
628:
627:
625:
624:
609:
600:
599:
588:
582:
581:
579:
577:
557:
524:
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
455:
452:
446:
417:Live and Let Die
363:, (specifically
211:African cuisines
203:Southern cooking
21:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1852:Crocodile farms
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1821:Crocodile tears
1782:
1729:
1720:
1685:
1680:
1650:
1645:
1641:Sewer alligator
1631:Crocodile tears
1608:
1602:
1561:
1543:
1501:The short film
1498:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1245:
1241:
1217:10.1603/ME09087
1195:
1191:
1187:
1166:
1127:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1042:
1038:
990:
986:
975:
968:
957:
953:
930:
923:
912:
908:
877:
873:
842:
838:
828:
826:
818:
817:
813:
772:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
746:
742:
732:
730:
722:
716:
703:
688:
684:
675:
671:
656:
652:
635:
631:
622:
620:
610:
603:
598:. 9 April 2022.
590:
589:
585:
575:
573:
558:
554:
550:
538:
528:
525:
516:
513:
504:
501:
492:
489:
480:
477:
468:
465:
456:
453:
447:
435:
408:
396:
323:West Nile virus
319:
313:(feral swine).
305:
285:
280:
260:
239:
141:
109:alligator farm
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Crocodile farm
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Snake charming
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:Crocodile farm
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1497:
1496:External links
1494:
1492:
1491:
1466:
1441:
1415:(2): 265–276.
1391:
1365:(2): 599–604.
1341:
1306:(5): 377–381.
1289:
1261:(5): 908–914.
1239:
1210:(4): 625–633.
1189:
1186:
1185:
1164:
1144:(1): 107–114.
1125:
1095:(7): 794–799.
1079:
1072:
1053:(2): 205–218.
1036:
1001:(5): 377–381.
984:
966:
951:
940:(2): 194–197.
921:
906:
887:(4): 261–272.
871:
852:(2): 127–142.
836:
811:
766:
740:
701:
682:
669:
650:
629:
601:
583:
560:Krause, Adam.
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
537:
534:
530:
529:
526:
519:
517:
514:
507:
505:
502:
495:
493:
490:
483:
481:
478:
471:
469:
466:
459:
457:
448:
441:
439:
434:
431:
407:
404:
395:
392:
318:
315:
304:
301:
284:
283:Animal welfare
281:
279:
276:
259:
256:
238:
235:
184:Nile crocodile
140:
137:
117:alligator meat
105:crocodile farm
73:crocodile farm
56:Nile crocodile
26:
18:Alligator farm
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1778:Snake worship
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1705:Jurassic Park
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:) in Florida"
1133:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
988:
980:
973:
971:
962:
955:
947:
943:
939:
935:
928:
926:
917:
910:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
825:
821:
815:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
770:
751:
744:
728:
721:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
697:
693:
686:
679:
673:
665:
661:
654:
646:
645:
640:
633:
619:
615:
608:
606:
597:
593:
587:
572:
569:
568:
563:
556:
552:
543:
540:
539:
533:
523:
518:
511:
506:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
463:
458:
445:
440:
437:
436:
430:
428:
427:
421:
419:
418:
413:
403:
401:
400:Limpopo River
391:
389:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
357:Salmonellosis
353:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
314:
312:
311:
300:
298:
294:
293:mycoplasmosis
290:
275:
271:
267:
265:
255:
252:
249:
243:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Cajun cuisine
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
94:
88:
84:
79:
72:
67:
61:
57:
53:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
1815:
1809:World Turtle
1703:
1625:
1503:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1456:. 2013-01-25
1453:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1412:
1408:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1362:
1358:
1344:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1258:
1254:
1242:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1172:
1168:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1092:
1088:
1075:
1050:
1046:
1039:
998:
994:
987:
978:
960:
954:
937:
933:
915:
909:
884:
880:
874:
849:
845:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:
814:
780:
776:
769:
757:. Retrieved
743:
731:. Retrieved
726:
695:
685:
677:
672:
663:
653:
642:
632:
621:. Retrieved
617:
595:
586:
574:. Retrieved
565:
555:
531:
454: 1910s
424:
422:
415:
409:
397:
387:
379:
375:mycobacteria
371:tetracycline
364:
354:
351:
320:
308:
306:
297:chlamydiosis
286:
272:
268:
261:
253:
244:
240:
233:crocodiles.
205:(especially
200:
157:
145:domesticated
142:
113:crocodilians
108:
104:
102:
1609:interaction
1434:October 22,
1384:October 22,
1282:October 26,
759:October 23,
680:, May 2008.
99:in Thailand
1846:Categories
1583:Gastralium
1555:crocodiles
1547:alligators
1460:2015-10-09
1175:(3): 4–9.
623:2009-02-08
548:References
412:James Bond
310:Sus scrofa
129:crocodiles
125:alligators
1763:Snakebite
1691:Dinosaurs
1336:274650120
1031:274650120
866:151222205
576:28 August
383:hepatitis
361:Chlamydia
339:Louisiana
168:Louisiana
71:Cambodian
46:Australia
1748:Caduceus
1743:Basilisk
1559:gharials
1429:11974614
1332:ProQuest
1320:18509947
1277:16687701
1226:20695278
1160:15827216
1121:12890319
1067:49362139
1027:ProQuest
1015:18509947
829:20 April
805:13857179
536:See also
532:Source:
278:Concerns
248:poaching
133:Thailand
87:Botswana
81:Farm in
58:farm in
44:farm in
1551:caimans
1484:25 June
1454:Reuters
1379:9501374
1328:5688976
1234:8899857
1112:3023431
1023:5688976
946:3781614
889:Bibcode
785:Bibcode
733:1 April
433:Gallery
335:Florida
331:Georgia
317:Disease
258:Methods
237:Effects
192:caimans
176:Georgia
172:Florida
158:As the
139:History
121:leather
1826:Dragon
1735:Snakes
1566:Topics
1427:
1377:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1275:
1232:
1224:
1158:
1119:
1109:
1065:
1029:
1021:
1013:
944:
864:
803:
696:Forbes
394:Escape
341:, and
295:, and
219:cancer
174:, and
60:Israel
1787:Other
1607:Human
1405:(PDF)
1355:(PDF)
1324:S2CID
1230:S2CID
1063:S2CID
1019:S2CID
942:JSTOR
862:S2CID
824:CITES
801:S2CID
753:(PDF)
723:(PDF)
414:film
343:Idaho
303:Pests
1557:and
1486:2023
1436:2013
1425:PMID
1386:2013
1375:PMID
1316:PMID
1284:2013
1273:PMID
1222:PMID
1156:PMID
1117:PMID
1011:PMID
831:2015
761:2013
735:2015
578:2014
567:Inc.
127:and
83:Maun
1417:doi
1367:doi
1308:doi
1263:doi
1212:doi
1177:doi
1146:doi
1107:PMC
1097:doi
1055:doi
1003:doi
897:doi
854:doi
793:doi
329:in
107:or
1848::
1553:,
1549:,
1477:.
1452:.
1423:.
1413:21
1411:.
1407:.
1373:.
1363:16
1361:.
1357:.
1330:.
1322:.
1314:.
1304:40
1302:.
1271:.
1259:74
1257:.
1253:.
1228:.
1220:.
1208:47
1206:.
1202:.
1173:15
1171:.
1154:.
1142:41
1140:.
1136:.
1115:.
1105:.
1091:.
1087:.
1061:.
1051:11
1049:.
1025:.
1017:.
1009:.
999:40
997:.
969:^
938:12
936:.
924:^
895:.
883:.
860:.
850:16
848:.
822:.
799:.
791:.
781:22
779:.
725:.
704:^
694:.
662:.
641:.
616:.
604:^
594:.
564:.
451:c.
349:.
337:,
333:,
291:,
170:,
135:.
119:,
103:A
85:,
1675:e
1668:t
1661:v
1538:e
1531:t
1524:v
1511:.
1488:.
1463:.
1438:.
1419::
1388:.
1369::
1338:.
1310::
1286:.
1265::
1236:.
1214::
1183:.
1179::
1162:.
1148::
1123:.
1099::
1093:9
1069:.
1057::
1033:.
1005::
948:.
903:.
899::
891::
885:8
868:.
856::
833:.
809:.
807:.
795::
787::
763:.
737:.
698:.
666:.
647:.
626:.
580:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
