1006:
committees, but from regimental, divisional, and corps-level, mainly pro-Bolshevik soldier-level committees, and the
Bolsheviks launched re-election and army committees. In addition, the Bolsheviks took full advantage of the chaos and disproportionate representation that existed in the Soviet system at that time, artificially overstating the number of delegates from those Soviets where they had the majority. As a result, for example, 10% of the Congress delegates were Latvians, which did not correspond to their share in the population. The peasant majority of the country's population, which supported primarily the Social Revolutionaries, was not represented at all at the Congress; the Second All-Russian Congress of Peasant Deputies was held, like the First Congress, separately from the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
31:
987:
Bolsheviks and 6 left-wing
Socialist Revolutionaries, launched a stormy activity to prepare the Second All-Russian Congress. This activity took place against the backdrop of the reluctance of the Mensheviks and right-wing Socialist Revolutionaries to convene this Congress as a matter of fact which predetermined the will of the Constituent Assembly on the question of power in the country. Particularly strong was the opposition of the Right Socialist Revolutionary permanent bodies of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Peasant Deputies.
692:
992:
permanent body of the previous
Congress – was entitled to convene a new All-Russian Congress of Soviets. However, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was of the Social Revolutionary-Menshevik composition, and he was not going to convene a new Congress. The old Central Executive Committee declared that, in connection with violations, the Second Congress would be only an illegal "private meeting of individual Soviets". On October 19, the official Soviet newspaper
978:
Petrograd Soviet organized the First
Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region, in which Petrograd was included, with the participation of representatives of the Baltic Fleet. The congress, which took place on October 24–26 in Petrograd, was characterized by a sharp predominance of radical socialists – the Bolsheviks and the Left Socialist Revolutionaries.
1070:
all-Russian professional organizations, such as: the
Council of Trade Unions, the Union of Factory and Factory Committees, Vikzhel, the Union of Postal and Telegraph Workers and Employees, provided and only after re-election of the All-Russian Council of Peasant Deputies and organizations that have not been re-elected in the last three months.
1022:. The peasant councils and all the soldier-level committees of the army refused to participate in the activities of the congress. The Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries condemned the Bolshevik's actions as an "illegal coup". The old composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee also condemned the Bolsheviks, saying that
1069:
5. Addition of the
Central Executive Committee, except for organizations that are not members of the Council, by representatives from Councils of workers', soldiers' and peasants' deputies not represented in it; proportional representation of the workers' and soldiers' deputies who left the congress,
1026:
The
Central Executive Committee considers the Second Congress failed and regards it as a private meeting of the Bolshevik delegates. The decisions of this congress, as illegal, are declared by the Central Executive Committee as optional for local Soviets and all army committees. The Central Executive
991:
also indicates that the initiative of the regional
Congress of Soviets to convene the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets was itself illegal and not coordinated with the old Soviet bodies. According to the procedures that existed at that time, only the All-Russian Central Executive Committee – the
969:
went over to the
Bolsheviks. At the Second Congress of the Deputies of the Baltic Fleet, the Bolshevik-Left Socialist Revolutionary Central Committee of the Baltic Fleet was elected. "Bolshevization" of soldiers' committees, starting from the bottom, reached the committees of the regimental level. At
1000:
No other committee is authorized and does not have the right to take the initiative to convene a congress. Nevertheless, the
Northern Regional Congress, convened in violation of all the rules established for regional conventions and representing random and randomly chosen Councils, has the right to
977:
Having received an absolute majority of seats in the Petrograd Council, the Bolsheviks began active work in winning the upcoming Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and, accordingly, its permanent body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. On the eve of the Second Congress, the Bolshevik
846:
The All-Russian Central Executive Committee summoned the All-Russian Congress of Soviets to which it presented the reports on its activity, general policy, and other inquiries. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee formed the Council of People's Commissars for general administrative affairs of
1043:
were 62 Bolsheviks and 29 Left Social Revolutionaries. Although the Bolsheviks and the Left Social Revolutionaries secured a majority in advance, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee also represented a fraction of the Menshevik Internationalists close to the Bolsheviks, Ukrainian socialists,
1048:
became the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. On November 9, the Congress issued an appeal to the local Soviets with a call to "rally around the new composition of the Central Executive Committee", the powers of the commissars of the former (Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik)
981:
The Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik All-Russian Central Executive Committee refused to recognize the legality of this congress, accusing the Bolsheviks of violating the procedures for electing delegates. On the other hand, the leadership of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks),
821:
at least twice a year (Statute 26 of Article III). Additional sessions could be called by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee or on the request of local Soviets. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected by a full Congress, with no more than 200 individuals. It was completely
1031:
On November 8, at the evening session of the congress, Lenin proposed to dissolve the old composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, choosing instead the new composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and forming a temporary workers' and peasants' government – the
986:
personally, considered the possibility of declaring the Congress of the Northern Region to be the highest authority, but delegates adopted a resolution that the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets should decide the issue of power. The Northern Regional Committee, elected at the congress of 11
1074:
On November 28, 1917, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, elected by the Second All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies' Soviets, merged with the executive committee (108 people) elected at the Extraordinary All-Russian Peasants' Congress, after which the left Socialist
1155:
On December 30, 1922, the Soviet Union was formed. It comprised the Russian SFSR and other communist-controlled Soviet republics. Mikhail Kalinin retained his position as chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and became chairman of the newly formed
1052:
On November 14, 1917, the new All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution "On the terms of an agreement with other parties", in which it explicitly indicated that it considers the "agreement of the socialist parties desirable". The terms of such an agreement were set forth as
834:
The All-Russian Central Executive Committee gave a general direction for the policies of the Worker-Peasant government and all bodies of the Soviet power in the country. It united and coordinated activities for legislation and administration as well as supervised the endorsement of the Soviet
1005:
The Socialist Revolutionary and Menshevik All-Russian Central Executive Committee accused the Bolsheviks of frauds in organizing the elections for the Second Congress; in violation of electoral procedures, the Bolsheviks organized the election of soldiers' delegates not from army-level army
847:
the republic and departments (called People's Commissariats) for the management of separate branches of administration. Deputies of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee worked in the departments or executed special assignments of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
946:, it was said that "a congress of all organized Democracy of Russia in Petrograd would create a strong revolutionary government capable of uniting all revolutionary Russia to repel external to enemies and for the suppression of any attempts on conquered freedom".
1009:
In advance declaring the Second Congress of Soviets illegal, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, however, agreed to convene it, postponing only the opening date of the Congress from October 20 (NS: November 2) to October 25 (NS: November 7) of 1917.
953:, which began in August, which intensified in September–October 1917 and was accompanied by the ousting of moderate socialists that had previously dominated them, especially the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, from these authorities.
1027:
Committee calls on the Soviets and army organizations to rally around him to defend the revolution. The Central Executive Committee will convene a new congress of Soviets as soon as the conditions are created for its proper convocation.
956:
By the beginning of November, the Bolsheviks occupied up to 90% of the seats in the Petrograd Soviet, up to 60% in Moscow, the majority of the seats in the 80 local Soviets of large industrial cities. In September, the Bolshevik
929:
In early September, after the liquidation of the Kornilov revolt, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, jointly with the executive committee of the All-Russian Council of Peasant Deputies, initiated the convening of a
1044:
there was one representative of the radical faction of the maximalist Socialist Revolutionaries. Representatives of moderate socialists did not join the All-Russian Central Executive Committee because of their boycott.
1110:
787:
860:
767:
850:
State budgets (for the RSFSR as a whole and for each of the republic's administrative divisions) were decided jointly by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
235:
1306:
891:, 13 United Social Democrats, 7 others, which roughly corresponded to the Social Revolutionary-Menshevik composition of the delegates to the First Congress of Soviets. The Menshevik
1157:
514:
126:
111:
839:
and central bodies of the Soviet power. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee reviewed and adopted the projects of decrees and other propositions introduced by the
386:
902:, representatives of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee took part in the work of the commission on the establishment of order in Petrograd, established by the
1169:
938:. In a telegram inviting representatives of parties and public organizations to take part in the meeting signed by the Chairmen of the Central Executive Committees
729:
142:
223:
137:
1174:
1316:
411:
106:
116:
644:
906:. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee supported the actions of the Provisional Government, welcomed the appointment of Social Revolutionary
183:
1076:
1057:
1. Recognition of the program of the Soviet government, as expressed in the decrees on land, peace, and both projects on workers' control.
354:
867:, June 3–24 1917. The first Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets was not a governing body, and its chairman
1252:
History of the State and Law of Russia: Textbook for universities / G75. Edited by Stanislav Chibiryayev – 1998 – 528 pages. Chapter 11
722:
639:
529:
60:
965:– the chairman of the Petrograd Council. Soldiers' committees, primarily the Northern and Western fronts, the Petrograd garrison and
72:
1321:
649:
614:
344:
82:
797:. Later it was the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers', Peasants', Red Army, and Cossack Deputies (
1296:
664:
654:
324:
173:
1311:
398:
240:
702:
1106:
966:
715:
629:
826:
were not declared in the Constitution, but presumably they were supposed to be purely supervisory or revisionary bodies.
319:
95:
50:
814:
509:
349:
278:
193:
65:
1049:
composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the army and on the ground were declared discontinued.
1033:
931:
840:
381:
77:
803:Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет Советов рабочих, крестьянских, красноармейских и казачьих депутатов
1301:
634:
570:
393:
267:
1199:
836:
818:
783:
504:
213:
1060:
2. Recognition of the need for a ruthless struggle against counter-revolution (Kerensky, Kornilov and Kaledin).
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903:
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609:
314:
304:
1251:
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55:
775:
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22:
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494:
334:
580:
30:
910:
as minister-chairman of the government and decided to recognize unlimited powers for the government.
539:
293:
288:
283:
879:
The congress elected the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of 320 deputies. It included 123
935:
756:
376:
208:
1241:
Decrees of Soviet power. Electronic Library of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University
786:
from 1917 to 1937. In 1937, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was replaced with the
427:
8:
1138:
795:
All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
696:
524:
203:
1019:
943:
907:
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1240:
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534:
918:
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422:
1224:
1266:
1148:
1102:, who directed the day-to-day work of the committee and had a tie-breaking vote.
971:
1160:
as well. Both positions were mostly ceremonial, increasingly so in later years.
1179:
1128:
1063:
3. Recognition of the Second All-Russian Congress as the sole source of power.
983:
949:
The All-Russian Central Executive Committee tried to counteract the process of
914:
1290:
988:
864:
843:
and separate departments as well as issued its own decrees and instructions.
674:
549:
445:
1116:
962:
958:
1122:
1099:
1045:
619:
459:
768:
First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
1098:
The chairman of the second All-Russian Central Executive Committee was
1091:
1083:
888:
880:
669:
1170:
Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War § Government
913:
Until August 1917, All-Russian Central Executive Committee sat in the
861:
First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies' Soviets
817:
required that the All-Russian Central Executive Committee convene the
1066:
4. The government is responsible to the Central Executive Committee.
899:
859:
The first All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected at the
823:
440:
1109:, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was replaced with the
1018:
The congress opened on November 7 at 10:40 pm, at the height of the
895:
became the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
822:
subordinate to the Congress. The functions of the Collegiate or the
993:
466:
435:
147:
1175:
Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union § Government
1158:
Central Executive Committee of the All-Union Congress of Soviets
974:
until November 1917 remained Socialist Revolutionary–Menshevik.
1307:
Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1077:
Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic
624:
961:
became the chairman of the Presidium of the Moscow Council,
766:) was (June – November 1917) a permanent body formed by the
779:
1117:
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR
752:Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет (ВЦИК)
1222:
763:
Vserossijskij Tsentraĺný Ispolniteĺný Komitet (VTsIK)
761:
1111:
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
788:
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
1288:
1225:"Congress of the Soviets of the Northern Region"
1013:
723:
780:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1317:1938 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
1236:
1234:
1079:and form a coalition with the Bolsheviks.
730:
716:
1231:
1041:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
924:
871:was not the head of the Russian state.
744:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
16:Governing body of the RSFSR (1917–1937)
1289:
1020:armed uprising that began in Petrograd
770:(held from June 16 to July 7, 1917 in
1200:"Article 3 (R.S.F.S.R. Constitution)"
1131:(November 21, 1917 – March 16, 1919;
967:Central Committee of the Baltic Fleet
1261:
1259:
793:At formation, its full name was the
1075:Revolutionaries agreed to join the
874:
13:
835:Constitution, declarations of the
14:
1333:
1256:
1039:Among the 101 members of the new
1151:(March 30, 1919 – July 15, 1938)
690:
29:
1322:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
1267:"Glossary of Organisations: Al"
837:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
819:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
808:
784:All-Russian Congress of Soviets
1297:Government of the Soviet Union
1245:
1216:
1192:
1105:Following the adoption of the
1034:Council of People's Commissars
841:Council of People's Commissars
1:
1312:1917 establishments in Russia
1185:
829:
645:Political abuse of psychiatry
224:Congress of People's Deputies
1014:After the October Revolution
23:Politics of the Soviet Union
7:
1223:Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
1163:
934:, as opposed to the August
782:in between sessions of the
762:
184:Central Executive Committee
10:
1338:
917:, after which it moved to
854:
951:Bolshevization of Soviets
815:1918 Russian Constitution
802:
751:
540:Material balance planning
241:1989 Legislative election
1107:1936 Soviet Constitution
355:Administrator of Affairs
1302:Historical legislatures
936:Moscow State Conference
697:Soviet Union portal
209:Soviet of Nationalities
1082:It was composed of 62
1072:
1029:
1003:
904:Provisional Government
885:Social Revolutionaries
776:supreme governing body
640:Ideological repression
530:Science and technology
1125:(November 9–21, 1917)
1055:
1024:
998:
932:Democratic Conference
73:Collective leadership
1145:; March 16–30, 1919)
925:Bolshevik ascendency
650:Political repression
615:Censorship of images
345:First Deputy Premier
83:Presidential Council
1139:Mikhail Vladimirsky
970:the same time, the
774:), then became the
665:Suppressed research
655:Population transfer
525:New Economic Policy
204:Soviet of the Union
174:Congress of Soviets
944:Nikolay Avksentiev
908:Aleksandr Kerensky
399:Procurator General
387:Military Collegium
982:and first of all
940:Nikolay Chkheidze
893:Nikolay Chkheidze
869:Nikolai Chkheidze
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535:Era of Stagnation
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127:General Secretary
112:Central Committee
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1149:Mikhail Kalinin
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1133:died in office
1129:Yakov Sverdlov
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