2517:
265:
decentralized solution. The potentially problematic aspect of this type of stablecoins is the change in the value of the collateral and the reliance on supplementary instruments. The complexity and non-direct backing of the stablecoin may deter usage, as it may take time to comprehend how the price is ensured. Due to the highly volatile and convergent cryptocurrency market, substantial collateral must also be maintained to ensure stability.
2541:
2529:
338:. Instead of being backed by dollars, UST was designed to keep its peg through a complex system connected with another Terra network token, Terra (LUNA). In May 2022 UST broke its peg with its price plunging to 10 cents, while LUNA fell to "virtually zero", down from an all-time high of $ 119.51. The collapse wiped out almost $ 45 billion of
862:
59:
In theory, 1:1 backing by a reference asset could make a stablecoin value track the value of the peg and not be subject to the radical changes in value common in the market for many digital assets. In practice, however, stablecoin issuers have yet to be proven to maintain adequate reserves to support
268:
Live stablecoins projects of this type are Havven (the pair: nUSD – stablecoin and HAV – the collateral-backed nUSD), DAI (pair: CDP – Collateralized Debt
Position and MKR – governance token used to control the supply) and others. There
264:
The technical implementation of this type of stablecoins is more complex and varied than that of the fiat-collateralized kind, which introduces a greater risk of exploits due to bugs in the smart contract code. With the tethering done on-chain, it is not subject to third-party regulation creating a
221:
Holders of commodity-backed stablecoins can redeem their stablecoins at the conversion rate to take possession of the backing assets under whatever rules as to timing and amount are in place at the time of redemption. Maintaining the stability of the stablecoin is the cost of storing and protecting
243:
via locking up collateral, making it more worthwhile to pay off their debt should the stablecoin ever decrease in value. In addition, to prevent sudden crashes, a user who takes out a loan may be liquidated by the smart contract should their collateral decrease too close to the value of their
428:
Many projects can advance a product and call it a stablecoin. Thus, despite the name, many stablecoins have historically needed more stability because digital assets can be built to many different standards. Stablecoins such as TerraUSD, USDD, DEI and others crashed to zero in 2022 alone.
112:-backed stablecoins can be traded on exchanges and are redeemable from the issuer. The stability of the stablecoin is equivalent to the cost of maintaining the backing reserve and the cost of legal compliance, licenses, auditors, and the business infrastructure required by the regulator.
437:
Griffin and Shams' research attributed the creation of unbacked USDT to the rise in
Bitcoin's price in 2017. Following that, research indicated little to no evidence that Tether USD minting events influenced Bitcoin values unless they were publicized to the public by Whale Alert.
854:
115:
In this setting, the trust in the custodian of the backing asset is crucial for the stability of the stablecoin's price. If the issuer of the stablecoin lacks the fiat necessary to make exchanges, the stablecoin can quickly lose value and become worthless.
230:
Cryptocurrency-backed stablecoins are issued with cryptocurrencies as collateral, conceptually similar to fiat-backed stablecoins. However, the significant difference between the two designs is that while fiat collateralization typically happens off the
673:
419:
stablecoin. It has been accused of failing to produce audits for reserves used to collateralize the quantity of minted USDT stablecoin. Tether has since issued assurance reports on USDT backing, although some speculation persists.
99:
and risk associated with the backing asset. If the backed stablecoin is backed in a decentralized manner, they are relatively safe from predation, but if there is a central vault, it may be robbed or suffer loss of confidence.
68:
Stablecoins have several purported purposes. They can be used for payments and are more likely to retain value than highly volatile cryptocurrencies. In practice, many stablecoins have failed to retain their "stable" value.
1294:
1050:
1395:
894:
307:
were just too obvious: When you pay money for nothing, and stash your nothing in a protocol with the expectation that it will give you a 20 percent yield—all you end up with is 20 percent of nothing."
1086:
663:
361:
lists the possible merits of the subject as enhancement of anti-money laundering efforts, operational resilience, customer data protection, financial inclusion, tax compliance, and cybersecurity.
505:
1119:
1032:
958:
580:
537:
382:
832:
926:
288:
to control the stablecoin's money supply, similar to a central bank's approach to printing and destroying currency. Seigniorage-based stablecoins are a less popular form of stablecoin.
1365:
988:
1335:
1304:
1272:
393:
639:
1008:
G7Working Group on
Stablecoins. Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructure. (18 October 2019). "CPMI Papers: Investigating the impact of global stablecoins".
1387:
1190:
Saggu, A (1 October 2022). "The
Intraday Bitcoin Response to Tether Minting and Burning Events: Asymmetry, Investor Sentiment, and "Whale Alerts" on Twitter".
884:
131:
for deceiving consumers. Instead, Tether only had enough fiat reserve to guarantee 27.6% of their stablecoin. Nevertheless, Tether still remains widely used.
378:
299:
rather than a peg to a reserve asset. In practice, some algorithmic stablecoins have yet to maintain price stability. For example, the "UST" asset on the
1076:
497:
1109:
948:
465:
resulted in the loss of nearly $ 40B invested in the Terra and Luna coins. Both the United States and Korea are seeking extradition of its founder
1029:
766:
572:
529:
916:
822:
1242:
108:
The value of stablecoins of this type is based on the value of the backing currency, which is held by a third party–regulated financial entity.
614:
134:
Cryptocurrencies backed by fiat currency are the most common and were the first type of stablecoins on the market. Their characteristics are:
1450:
88:
and have a mechanism for redeeming the asset(s) backing them, are unlikely to drop below the value of the underlying physical asset, due to
60:
a stable value and there have been a number of failures with investors losing the entirety of the (fiat currency) value of their holdings.
1357:
980:
157:
through banks or other types of regulated financial institutions which serve as depositaries of the currency used to back the stablecoin;
1490:
1327:
1028:
Allyson
Versprille and Jesse Hamilton. (8 February 2022). "Treasury Official Says the Need for Stablecoin Legislation Is ‘Urgent’".
2477:
1264:
696:
385:
that the rapid growth of the stablecoin market capitalization and its potential for financial services innovation require urgent
1051:"House Digital Asset Legislation, the Financial Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act, Takes Another Step Forward"
17:
800:
2457:
303:
was theoretically supported by a reserve asset called "Luna", and plummeted in value in May 2022. Wired magazine said, "The
401:
128:
291:
Algorithmic stablecoins are a type of stablecoin intended to hold a stable value over the long term because of particular
981:"Another algorithmic stablecoin loses its peg as Tron's USDD falls, with founder Justin Sun vowing to deploy $ 2 billion"
392:
Although US legislation is progressing in May 2024 to provide increased regulatory clarity for many digital assets, the
2132:
397:
2273:
2467:
1533:
400:, "except for fraud and certain activities by registered firms", and is specifically excluded from regulation by the
358:
1012:
2533:
1873:
1968:
1483:
160:
The amount of the currency used to back the stablecoin should reflect the circulating supply of the stablecoin.
735:
2447:
1878:
885:"The crypto crash rivals both the internet bubble burst and the Great Financial Crisis, Bank of America says"
260:
price stability is achieved by introducing supplementary instruments and incentives, not just the collateral.
235:, the cryptocurrency or crypto asset used to back this type of stablecoins is done on the blockchain, using
217:
The amount of commodity used to back the stablecoin should reflect the circulating supply of the stablecoin.
123:, initially claimed to be fully backed by fiat currency; this was proven to be untrue, and Tether was fined
72:
Stablecoins are typically non-interest bearing and therefore do not provide interest returns to the holder.
1924:
1583:
1528:
2036:
762:
664:"National Australia Bank joins stablecoin bandwagon, to launch fiat-backed digital currency by mid-2023"
2361:
1998:
1418:
191:
fiat-backed stablecoin called the AUDN, for streamlining cross-border banking transactions and trading
41:
251:
The value of the stablecoin is collateralized by another cryptocurrency or a cryptocurrency portfolio;
2567:
2521:
2487:
2462:
2442:
2117:
2107:
1919:
1476:
1234:
180:
823:"Controversial stablecoin UST — which is meant to be pegged to the dollar — plummets below 50 cents"
640:"Gnosis launches Visa card that lets you spend self-custody crypto in Europe, soon US and Hong Kong"
603:
2545:
2492:
2412:
1442:
2170:
2046:
2031:
1785:
1646:
472:
412:
207:
Their value is fixed to one or more commodities and redeemable for such (more or less) on demand;
176:
165:
120:
49:
2427:
2160:
2003:
1988:
1973:
1899:
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in a more decentralized fashion. In many cases, these allow users to take out a loan against a
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2008:
1820:
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1538:
1523:
416:
346:
339:
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2026:
1993:
1978:
1904:
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96:
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that are stabilized by other assets. Furthermore, such coins, assuming they are managed in
8:
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2087:
2041:
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1563:
1543:
1215:
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889:
558:
476:
458:
300:
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1553:
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1219:
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188:
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2432:
2288:
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2238:
1963:
1958:
1939:
1696:
1199:
1154:
792:
320:
Value is controlled by supply and demand through algorithms, stabilizing the price.
707:
559:"CFTC Orders Tether and Bitfinex to Pay Fines Totaling $ 42.5 Million | CFTC"
2472:
2422:
2233:
1358:"Turmoil and panic in crypto market as 'stablecoin' slump prompts wider collapse"
1036:
1016:
451:
2298:
2228:
2178:
2082:
1859:
1830:
1602:
1597:
1568:
1499:
1388:"South Korean founder of failed cryptocurrency Terra denies he is 'on the run'"
1114:
1081:
953:
921:
462:
240:
236:
53:
37:
1203:
695:
Brooks, Samuel; Jurisevic, Anton; Spain, Michael; Warwick, Kain (2018-06-11).
210:
There is an implied or explicit promise to redeem by unregulated individuals,
2561:
2351:
1617:
1607:
1211:
1168:
192:
109:
81:
1754:
1641:
1295:"Cryptocurrency project Basis to shut down and return funding to investors"
374:
304:
257:
The supply of the stablecoins is regulated on-chain, using smart contracts;
184:
1265:"Data Analysis: Tether Manipulation Did Not Cause Bitcoin's 2017 Bull Run"
2497:
2386:
2258:
2122:
1009:
668:
454:
funding, shut down in
December 2018, citing concerns about US regulation.
296:
281:
276:
147:
92:. However, in practice, few, if any, stablecoins meet these assumptions.
1419:"Montenegrin Supreme Court Sends 'Crypto King' Case Back To Lower Court"
396:
in its current form excludes certain stablecoins from regulation by the
2417:
2308:
2253:
2140:
2092:
1720:
1715:
1513:
1443:"South Korean prosecutors ask Interpol to issue red notice for Do Kwon"
1159:
1142:
475:(formerly Libra) was abandoned by Facebook/Meta and later purchased by
461:'s stablecoin UST fell from $ 1 to 26 cents. The subsequent failure of
450:
The stablecoin project Basis, which had received over $ 100 million in
232:
154:
85:
45:
2248:
2150:
2077:
1983:
1835:
1110:"Tether Says There Is No Chinese Commercial Paper Among Its Reserves"
446:
A number of stablecoins have crashed or lost their peg. For example:
285:
139:
89:
2243:
2223:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2112:
2072:
2051:
1914:
1894:
1888:
1868:
1845:
1815:
1745:
1735:
1730:
1690:
1681:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1558:
1468:
386:
327:
169:
138:
Their value is pegged to one or more currencies (most commonly the
731:
498:"Rise of Crypto Market's Quiet Giants Has Big Market Implications"
2391:
2356:
2313:
2208:
2183:
2155:
1929:
1671:
1636:
1328:"How a Digital Token Designed to be Stable Fueled a Crypto Crash"
1299:
466:
331:
211:
855:"Yellen cites UST stablecoin risk after it loses its dollar peg"
763:"Guide to Stablecoin: Types of Stablecoins & Its Importance"
530:"Stable Coin Backed by Circle, Coinbase Draws Most Early Demand"
2366:
2293:
2213:
2198:
2145:
1949:
1883:
1775:
1725:
1706:
949:"Terra $ 45 Billion Face Plant Creates Crowd of Crypto Losers"
917:"Terraform Again Halts Blockchain Behind UST Stablecoin, Luna"
203:
The main characteristics of commodity-backed stablecoins are:
2396:
2334:
2318:
2278:
2263:
2218:
1934:
1759:
1627:
1233:
Lyons, Richard K.; Viswanath-Natraj, Ganesh (17 April 2020).
349:
algorithmic stablecoin, USDD, lost its peg to the US Dollar.
284:-style coins, also known as algorithmic stablecoins, utilize
270:
394:
Financial
Innovation and Technology for the 21st Century Act
1651:
1573:
827:
694:
441:
310:
Significant features of seigniorage-style stablecoins are:
143:
2339:
2303:
1909:
469:
following his arrest in
Montenegro on an Interpol notice.
124:
247:
Significant features of crypto backed stablecoins are:
40:
where the value of the digital asset is supposed to be
573:"Why Facebook Chose Stablecoins as Its Path to Crypto"
277:
Seigniorage-style/algorithmic stablecoins (not backed)
1232:
379:
Under
Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance
704:
A Decentralised
Payment Network and Stablecoin V0.8
604:"Tether: Fiat currencies on the Bitcoin blockchain"
324:Basis was one example of a seigniorage-style coin.
56:or industrial metals), or another cryptocurrency.
656:
611:Tether: Fiat Currencies on the Bitcoin Blockchain
254:The peg is executed on-chain via smart contracts;
2559:
786:
784:
697:"A decentralised payment network and stablecoin"
214:firms, or even regulated financial institutions;
187:) announced that it would create by mid-2023 an
1141:Griffin, John M.; Shams, Amin (15 June 2020).
756:
754:
752:
1484:
1042:
781:
595:
75:
1140:
524:
522:
369:
1394:. Agence France-Presse. 18 September 2022.
1235:"Stable coins don't inflate crypto markets"
749:
334:, was meant to maintain a 1:1 peg with the
95:Backed stablecoins are subject to the same
2540:
1491:
1477:
790:
1158:
1010:Bank of International Settlements website
565:
519:
490:
847:
793:"Terra's Crypto Meltdown Was Inevitable"
442:Failed and abandoned stablecoin projects
225:
407:
364:
14:
2560:
2327:
1453:from the original on 19 September 2022
1398:from the original on 19 September 2022
583:from the original on November 27, 2021
352:
317:No collateral is needed to mint coins,
44:to a reference asset, which is either
2458:Decentralized autonomous organization
1472:
1189:
1107:
1048:
760:
153:The value connection is realized off-
2528:
1498:
1275:from the original on 24 January 2021
1122:from the original on 21 January 2023
1074:
815:
769:from the original on 23 October 2018
676:from the original on 20 January 2023
637:
269:is also Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), see
129:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
1416:
1262:
1089:from the original on 7 October 2021
803:from the original on 1 January 2023
791:Volpicelli, Gian M. (12 May 2022).
198:
24:
1325:
1226:
1183:
601:
25:
2579:
2468:Distributed ledger technology law
432:
415:is currently the world's largest
359:Bank of International Settlements
2539:
2527:
2516:
2515:
1368:from the original on 12 May 2022
1338:from the original on 12 May 2022
1263:Cai, Justin (18 November 2019).
1245:from the original on 14 May 2022
1077:"Anyone Seen Tether's Billions?"
961:from the original on 16 May 2022
929:from the original on 13 May 2022
897:from the original on 16 May 2022
865:from the original on 13 May 2022
835:from the original on 11 May 2022
1435:
1410:
1380:
1350:
1319:
1287:
1256:
1143:"Is Bitcoin Really Untethered?"
1134:
1108:Emily, Nicolle (27 July 2022).
1101:
1068:
1022:
1002:
991:from the original on 2022-06-15
973:
941:
909:
877:
761:Memon, Bilal (23 August 2018).
738:from the original on 2018-10-24
620:from the original on 2022-01-26
540:from the original on 2020-06-06
508:from the original on 2021-11-26
80:Reserve-backed stablecoins are
724:
688:
631:
551:
314:Adjustments are made on-chain,
103:
13:
1:
1303:. 13 Dec 2018. Archived from
1075:Faux, Zeke (7 October 2021).
483:
423:
119:The most popular stablecoin,
63:
1423:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
7:
1529:Cryptographic hash function
1039:Retrieved 21 February 2022.
732:"The Dai Stablecoin System"
342:over the course of a week.
50:exchange-traded commodities
10:
2584:
1417:Service, RFE/RL's Balkan.
1019:Retrieved 23 January 2021.
164:Examples: TrueUSD (TUSD),
76:Reserve-backed stablecoins
2511:
2488:Initial exchange offering
2463:Decentralized application
2443:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
2405:
2379:
2169:
2131:
2060:
2017:
1948:
1858:
1808:
1784:
1768:
1744:
1705:
1680:
1626:
1616:
1582:
1506:
1204:10.1016/j.frl.2022.103096
1049:Alois, JD (10 May 2024).
638:Liao, Rita (2023-07-17).
370:Limitations on regulation
2493:List of cryptocurrencies
2380:Crypto service companies
2171:Cryptocurrency exchanges
1192:Finance Research Letters
383:Senate banking committee
222:the commodity backing.
177:National Australia Bank
27:Class of cryptocurrency
2428:Complementary currency
1534:Decentralized exchange
1519:Cryptocurrency tumbler
1147:The Journal of Finance
18:Algorithmic stablecoin
2483:Initial coin offering
2438:Cryptocurrency bubble
1969:Basic Attention Token
1539:Decentralized finance
1524:Cryptocurrency wallet
1449:. 19 September 2022.
706:: 6–9. Archived from
417:market capitalization
340:market capitalization
226:Cryptocurrency-backed
2478:Environmental impact
2448:Cryptocurrency scams
579:. January 27, 2019.
408:Lack of transparency
365:Risks and criticisms
336:United States dollar
2133:Inactive currencies
1307:on 30 December 2018
672:. 19 January 2023.
536:. 29 October 2018.
353:Possible advantages
293:computer algorithms
150:) in a fixed ratio;
1593:Proof of authority
1564:Non-fungible token
1544:Distributed ledger
1160:10.1111/jofi.12903
1035:2022-02-21 at the
1015:2021-01-16 at the
477:Silvergate Capital
330:(UST), created by
127:41 million by the
2555:
2554:
2375:
2374:
1854:
1853:
1554:Lightning Network
1269:Longhash Research
1055:Crowdfund Insider
1030:Bloomberg website
504:. 19 March 2021.
345:On 13 June 2022,
189:Australian Dollar
175:In January 2023,
172:, Monerium EURe.
16:(Redirected from
2575:
2568:Cryptocurrencies
2543:
2542:
2531:
2530:
2519:
2518:
2503:Virtual currency
2453:Digital currency
2433:Crypto-anarchism
2325:
2324:
2078:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2061:Other currencies
1697:Ethereum Classic
1624:
1623:
1500:Cryptocurrencies
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1291:
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1284:
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1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1162:
1153:(4): 1913–1964.
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1072:
1066:
1065:
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1046:
1040:
1026:
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996:
977:
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913:
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906:
904:
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851:
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819:
813:
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808:
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758:
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743:
728:
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718:
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692:
686:
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588:
569:
563:
562:
555:
549:
548:
546:
545:
526:
517:
516:
514:
513:
494:
457:On 11 May 2022,
381:reported to the
301:Terra blockchain
199:Commodity-backed
21:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2507:
2473:Double-spending
2423:Blockchain game
2401:
2371:
2323:
2165:
2127:
2056:
2013:
1944:
1850:
1804:
1780:
1764:
1740:
1701:
1676:
1612:
1578:
1502:
1497:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1447:Financial Times
1441:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1364:. 12 May 2022.
1356:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1332:www.barrons.com
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1227:
1188:
1184:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1047:
1043:
1037:Wayback Machine
1027:
1023:
1017:Wayback Machine
1007:
1003:
994:
992:
979:
978:
974:
964:
962:
957:. 14 May 2022.
947:
946:
942:
932:
930:
925:. 13 May 2022.
915:
914:
910:
900:
898:
883:
882:
878:
868:
866:
861:. 10 May 2022.
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
831:. 11 May 2022.
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
789:
782:
772:
770:
759:
750:
741:
739:
730:
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1860:Proof of stake
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1569:Smart contract
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1618:Proof of work
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1608:Proof of work
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713:on 2018-11-19
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36:is a type of
35:
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2532:
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2397:Initiative Q
2018:
1755:Bitcoin Gold
1647:Counterparty
1642:Bitcoin Cash
1457:19 September
1455:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1402:19 September
1400:. Retrieved
1392:the Guardian
1391:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1362:the Guardian
1361:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1331:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1298:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1268:
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1238:
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1054:
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984:
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920:
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888:
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867:. Retrieved
858:
849:
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826:
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796:
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740:. Retrieved
726:
715:. Retrieved
708:the original
703:
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678:. Retrieved
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647:. Retrieved
643:
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622:. Retrieved
610:
597:
585:. Retrieved
576:
567:
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542:. Retrieved
533:
510:. Retrieved
501:
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427:
411:
391:
389:regulation.
375:Nellie Liang
373:
356:
344:
326:
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267:
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246:
244:withdrawal.
229:
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185:central bank
174:
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133:
118:
114:
107:
94:
79:
71:
67:
58:
33:
31:
29:
2498:Token money
2387:Hyperledger
2259:EDX Markets
2123:WhopperCoin
2019:Stablecoins
669:India Today
305:Ponzinomics
297:game theory
282:Seigniorage
148:Swiss franc
104:Fiat-backed
2418:BitLicense
2362:QuadrigaCX
2345:bankruptcy
2309:ShapeShift
2254:Crypto.com
2141:BitConnect
2093:MobileCoin
1862:currencies
1721:Bitconnect
1716:Auroracoin
1620:currencies
1586:mechanisms
1514:Blockchain
1507:Technology
1428:2024-06-14
1249:2022-07-04
1198:: 103096.
995:2022-06-14
807:19 January
742:2018-10-23
717:2018-10-23
680:20 January
649:2023-08-27
644:TechCrunch
624:2018-10-23
587:August 30,
544:2021-04-18
512:2021-04-18
484:References
424:De-pegging
286:algorithms
233:blockchain
166:USD Tether
146:, and the
97:volatility
86:good faith
64:Background
46:fiat money
34:stablecoin
2249:Coincheck
2151:KodakCoin
1999:Shiba Inu
1984:KodakCoin
1974:Chainlink
1900:Injective
1874:Avalanche
1836:Primecoin
1584:Consensus
1239:VoxEU.org
1220:250082279
1212:1544-6123
1177:229576274
1169:0022-1082
1115:Bloomberg
1082:Bloomberg
577:Bloomberg
181:Australia
140:US dollar
90:arbitrage
52:(such as
2562:Category
2522:Category
2244:Coinbase
2224:Bitstamp
2204:Bitpanda
2194:bitFlyer
2189:Bitfinex
2113:SafeMoon
2073:Filecoin
2052:USD Coin
1920:Polkadot
1915:Peercoin
1895:Gridcoin
1889:Ethereum
1869:Algorand
1846:Vertcoin
1816:AmbaCoin
1746:Equihash
1736:Litecoin
1731:Dogecoin
1691:Ethereum
1667:Peercoin
1662:Namecoin
1657:MazaCoin
1559:MetaMask
1451:Archived
1396:Archived
1366:Archived
1336:Archived
1273:Archived
1243:Archived
1126:9 August
1120:Archived
1093:9 August
1087:Archived
1033:Archived
1013:Archived
989:Archived
959:Archived
927:Archived
895:Archived
863:Archived
859:Protocol
833:Archived
801:Archived
767:Archived
736:Archived
674:Archived
615:Archived
602:Tether.
581:Archived
538:Archived
506:Archived
328:TerraUSD
170:USD Coin
168:(USDT),
2534:Commons
2413:Airdrop
2392:IQ.Wiki
2357:Mt. Gox
2328:Defunct
2314:Uniswap
2274:Genesis
2209:Bithumb
2184:Binance
2156:OneCoin
2118:Stellar
2004:The DAO
1994:Polygon
1964:Aventus
1879:Cardano
1672:Titcoin
1637:Bitcoin
1628:SHA-256
1300:Reuters
1279:18 July
985:Fortune
890:Fortune
467:Do Kwon
332:Do Kwon
212:agorist
2367:Thodex
2294:Kucoin
2289:Kraken
2269:Gemini
2239:Circle
2214:BitMEX
2199:Bitkub
2146:Coinye
2108:Ripple
2083:Helium
2047:Tether
1952:tokens
1950:ERC-20
1925:Solana
1884:EOS.IO
1788:-based
1776:Monero
1748:-based
1726:Coinye
1709:-based
1707:Scrypt
1684:-based
1682:Ethash
1630:-based
1372:12 May
1342:12 May
1311:30 Dec
1218:
1210:
1175:
1167:
1060:14 May
965:15 May
933:13 May
901:16 May
869:11 May
839:11 May
773:22 Oct
413:Tether
347:Tron's
142:, the
121:Tether
42:pegged
2335:BTC-e
2319:Upbit
2279:Huobi
2264:eToro
2219:Bitso
2161:Petro
2042:Terra
1989:Minds
1959:Augur
1935:Tezos
1930:Steem
1891:(2.0)
1841:Verge
1809:Other
1800:Petro
1760:Zcash
1693:(1.0)
1216:S2CID
1173:S2CID
797:Wired
711:(PDF)
700:(PDF)
618:(PDF)
613:: 7.
607:(PDF)
459:Terra
271:BitGo
179:(not
155:chain
2546:List
2299:Kuna
2229:BTCC
2179:Abra
2098:Nano
2088:Luna
2068:Chia
2032:Diem
2009:TRON
1826:IOTA
1821:Firo
1795:Dash
1652:LBRY
1574:Web3
1549:Fork
1459:2022
1404:2022
1374:2022
1344:2022
1313:2018
1281:2022
1208:ISSN
1165:ISSN
1128:2022
1095:2021
1062:2024
967:2022
935:2022
903:2022
871:2022
841:2022
828:CNBC
809:2023
775:2018
682:2023
589:2019
473:Diem
402:CFTC
357:The
295:and
144:euro
110:Fiat
2340:FTX
2304:OKX
2234:BUX
2103:NEO
2037:Pax
2027:Dai
1979:Kin
1940:TON
1910:Nxt
1905:Kin
1786:X11
1200:doi
1155:doi
398:SEC
183:'s
2564::
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20:)
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