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275:
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his wife lived close to du Pont and were frequently visited by him; du Pont and
Bradford, who had borne a daughter in the meantime, left their spouses at around the same time and were married two weeks after Bradford's divorce was final. Du Pont's adoption of Bradford's daughter, Alicia Maddox, brought fresh gossip to the family, who largely rallied in support of his first wife, which in turn inspired du Pont to file several lawsuits against family members and friends for
1922:
454:, and du Pont began courting her, at the same time divesting himself of assets and cutting back on spending. He wed Ball on January 22, 1921, and the couple returned to the East Coast to settle into Nemours. The couple had no children of their own, but Ball du Pont accepted young Denise, a child du Pont had fostered with his second wife, as her own. She also helped mend rifts between du Pont and the estranged children of his first marriage.
396:
considerably more shares (over 77,000 shares combined of common and preferred stock) to Pierre du Pont and five associates, who had formed the DuPont
Securities Company. This secret and swift transaction gave Pierre du Pont, 60 percent ownership of DuPont Securities and, thereby, considerable control over the family business. While the value of the shares greatly increased due to the success of the company during
33:
587:, which runs children's medical facilities in Delaware and Florida. Beginning in the 1970s, Delaware's Attorney General sued du Pont's brother-in-law Edward Ball and other trustees of the Nemours Foundation for failing to implement du Pont's mission for his Trust and for diverting its assets away from charitable needs in Delaware to fund Trust operations in Florida. The case has continued into the 21st century.
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1932:
333:
cut off contact with all but his eldest child, Madeleine du Pont. With a week's eviction notice, he removed them from the family home at Swamp Hall and had it destroyed. This, coupled with du Pont's remarriage to a divorced second cousin in 1907, seriously strained relations between du Pont and other members of his family.
323:
Pierre du Pont was named
Treasurer and Executive Vice President of the company, while Alfred du Pont served as vice president for operations and took over the black powder manufacture and sat on the Executive Committee. Alfred was directly engaged with the company and instituted major changes to its
391:
Through the early 1910s, Alfred du Pont was engaged in fierce debate over the future of the family's business with
Coleman and Pierre du Pont, whose support for du Pont's first wife had extended to building her and her children a home after their eviction from Swamp Hall. The struggle became bitter
336:
Du Pont's relationship with his second wife, Mary (Alicia) Heyward
Bradford (1875–1920), had already been the subject of family scandal, as family members had remarked on the close relationship of the two even before Alicia Bradford's marriage to du Pont's secretary, George Amory Maddox. Maddox and
332:
During this period, du Pont was involved in a hunting accident that would eventually cost him an eye. The same year, 1906, he divorced his first wife, Bessie. The couple's marriage had never been a happy one, and although du Pont supported his family financially, with $ 24,000 a year in support, he
407:
found that Pierre du Pont had operated in bad faith, ordering a stockholder vote to determine if the stockholders (aside from those who owned the disputed shares) wished to purchase the disputed shares. By a share ratio of 33:13, shareholders did not, and, accordingly, in 1918, the court dismissed
284:
In 1884, after only two years at MIT, he left to work at the family's gunpowder manufacturing plant in the
Brandywine mills. Though he started in a low position, he eventually became known, according to the Alfred I. du Pont Foundation, as "one of the nation's top powder men." Most of the over 200
319:
instead of cash, plus shares in the reorganized company. According to the Trust organization, the company was purchased "for $ 15.4 million—$ 12 million in notes and 33,000 shares of the reorganized DuPont", with the partners retaining $ 8.6 million worth of shares (86,400). The actual amount of
395:
As he was departing, ill and in need of money for another business transaction, Coleman du Pont decided to sell 20,000 shares in the company to key company employees, but when Alfred du Pont and Pierre du Pont disagreed on the proper pricing and handling of the transaction, wound up selling
619:
north of
Wilmington, the Alfred I. duPont School was named in his honor, and opened in 1937, shortly after his death. This later grew to be the Alfred I. duPont School District (Alfred I. duPont Special School District after 1968), and helped open a number of schools now in the
579:. Jessie preferred to handle the philanthropic activities of the trust while Edward concentrated on making money. The fortune did not become a charitable trust until Jessie's death in 1970, which explains why $ 30 million in estate taxes were paid in 1935. The
461:
and du Pont hit it off and Edward Ball began working for his brother-in-law in 1923, moving to
Delaware where he was publicly named manager of the Clean Food Products Company. There, he became a caretaker of the du Pont de Nemours estate fortune.
570:
with Jessie named as the principal trustee with complete discretion regarding use of any money, but in reality, she deferred business decisions to her brother, who took control of the assets, which included the large
Florida landholdings of the
1052:"DU PONT CO. WINS IN $ 60,000,000 SUIT; Judge Thompson Files Decree in U.S. Court Dismissing Bill of Complaint. UPHOLDS STOCKHOLDERS Counsel for Defendants Says Contest Is Ended in Lower Court, but Predicts Appeal. Business Is Reorganized"
222:. The son of Éleuthère Irénée du Pont II, a partner in the DuPont family gunpowder business, and Charlotte Shepard Henderson, he had two older sisters and two younger brothers. When du Pont was 13, his mother, who had a history of
534:
Besides his interest in business, du Pont was an accomplished and passionate violinist and composer. Using friends and his factory workers from E.I. du Pont de
Nemours and Company, he formed an orchestra that was named the
517:
During this time, du Pont was expanding his philanthropic activities. He personally funded a pension plan program for seniors in Delaware in 1929 and turned his attention to revitalizing Florida after the devastation of a
241:
Du Pont's family intended to separate the children and sell their family home, Swamp Hall, but were persuaded otherwise by the fierce resistance of the children. The girls remained in the home, but du Pont was sent to
400:, Alfred du Pont and other minority shareholders launched a lawsuit against Pierre du Pont, alleging that he had acted as an agent of the E.I. du Pont de Nemours company, who should be rightful holders of the shares.
505:
In Florida, du Pont made primarily small real estate investments at first, correctly fearing a drop in real estate values, before turning his attention to acquiring interest in banks. He acquired an interest in
419:. According to the du Pont Trust, he also "established an investment firm, Nemours Trading Corporation, and an import-export business in New York" and acquired a majority interest in the Delaware Trust Company.
593:
Unlike most of his family members, du Pont was not buried at the family's Du Pont de Nemours Cemetery. He is interred, along with his wife and brother-in-law, in a large mausoleum on the grounds of the
411:
No longer involved in running E.I. du Pont de Nemours, du Pont instead began to invest in newspapers, as a publisher of which he successfully opposed T. Coleman du Pont's bid for the presidency and
601:
Both Nemours and Epping Forest have been restored to their original splendor. A public school in Jacksonville, the Alfred I. duPont Middle School, is located not far from his Epping Forest estate.
311:. Du Pont proposed keeping the company in the family, and the senior partners agreed on condition that du Pont be joined in the venture by T. Coleman du Pont, who would be president, and
514:
of 1929 by putting $ 15 million of his own money into an account. During the early 1930s, six other Florida National Banks were opened throughout Florida, including Lakeland and Bartow.
428:
403:
The suit was extremely well publicized and acrimonious. In 1916, shortly after company shareholders voted to remove Alfred du Pont from its board of directors, the
482:, when Pierre du Pont was named Tax Commissioner of Delaware in 1925. Harboring hard feelings against his cousin, Alfred du Pont and Jessie Ball du Pont moved to
348:
occurred between 1909 and 1910. The mansion is a five-story, 77-room, 47,000 sq ft (4,400 m) structure that was designed by renowned architects
304:, and du Pont was made a limited partner. Beyond that, Eugène du Pont and other family members largely ignored du Pont, excluding him from the company board.
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874:
665:
450:, 20 years his junior, since the time of their meeting in 1898 when she was 14. By 1920, Ball was an assistant principal at an elementary school in
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Following an acrimonious departure and a brief dip in personal fortunes, he embarked on business of his own, investing in land and banking in
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1968:
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296:(1864–1949) in 1887, and she was the mother of his first four children. In 1889, the manufacturing plant passed to the management of
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2007:
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and built a 25-room mansion and landscaped grounds, as well as a berth for the couple's motor yacht. Ball du Pont named the estate
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in 1926, where they established permanent residency. There, du Pont purchased 58 acres (230,000 m) of land on the
315:. They had no money, but the cousins were able to convince other family members to exchange their company shares for a
2094:
1899:
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at age 70, his estate was valued at over $ 56 million, which, after estate taxes of $ 30 million, left $ 26 million.
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1961:
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In 1902, upon the death of Eugène du Pont, the three senior partners considered selling the company to competitor
1888:
502:'s mother and Ball du Pont's relative. Edward Ball, too, relocated to Florida, to continue working with du Pont.
308:
234:. Within a week, she died. The du Pont children were orphaned a month later when Éleuthère followed, a victim of
629:
439:
when, in January 1920, his second wife died. Missing an eye since his earlier accident, he was now also nearly
344:
Du Pont gave Bradford a new home built on 300 acres (1.2 km) in Wilmington, Delaware. Construction of the
383:
Within the short time of the marriage, Bradford bore two children for du Pont, neither of whom survived long.
878:
666:"Alfred I. du Pont Dies in Florida. End Comes Suddenly to the Founder and Former Head of Explosives Company"
612:. A plaque attesting to the honor is located at the entry gate to the Epping Forest estate in Jacksonville.
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Ball du Pont proved to be a great assistance to him as well in his work, as did her younger brother.
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1906:
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539:. According to the du Pont Trust, du Pont "published nine pieces of music , eight marches and one
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Du Pont was born in the Brandywine Valley region of Delaware to which his great-great-grandfather
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1935:
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1418:
1223:"Is Nemours giving Delaware its fair share?" Margie Fishman, The News Journal, February 26, 2016.
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University of Florida Smathers Libraries: Special and Area Studies Collections-Edward Ball Papers
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Big business and the state: historical transitions and corporate transformation, 1880s-1990s
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The trust was valued at $ 72.5 million in 1939; $ 2 billion in 1981; $ 4.5 billion in 2006.
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money which the partners were required to pay was $ 2,100, at $ 700 each for lawyers' fees.
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Du Pont and his third wife had already made several trips to Florida on their motor yacht,
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operation that resulted in greater efficiency and safety, leading to a boom in business.
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the action. Alfred du Pont brought an appeal which ended unsuccessfully in March 1919.
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after Coleman du Pont decided to leave the company for health concerns in 1914.
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1271:. Correspondence of Alfred I. du Pont from 1906–1909 regarding company matters
187:(now known as DuPont), in which for many years he served as a director of the
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376:. The estate was named after the French town affiliated with his ancestor,
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Alfred du Pont first rose to prominence through his work in his family's
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Florida Department of State: Great Floridians 2000 Program-Jacksonville
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Nemours Mansion and Gardens: Video about the life of Alfred I. du Pont
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1946:
1859:(incl. The Playhouse on Rodney Square, formerly the DuPont Playhouse)
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Florida State University: Coastal Laboratory Tidings-Spring, 2000
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Millionaires, mansions, and motor yachts: an era of opulence
632:. This district was dissolved in 1978 due to federal order.
443:. But his life was about to change with his third marriage.
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du Pont home "Epping Forest" in Jacksonville, ca. 1930–1945
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Pierre S. Du Pont and the Making of the Modern Corporation
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543:, a French peasant dance, which was performed at the
138:
Mary (Alicia) Heyward Bradford (1907–1920; her death)
987:
875:"DuPont Company website: Heritage-Alfred I. du Pont"
839:. Alfred I. du Pont Trust. p. 7. Archived from
598:, one of the first projects created with his trust.
1027:
Chandler and Salsbury (2000), pp. 328-329; 331-333.
510:(FNB) of Jacksonville, keeping it solvent during a
994:Chandler, Alfred Dupont; Stephen Salsbury (2000).
690:
551:, who was a friend, performed one of his marches.
387:Lawsuit and departure from E.I. du Pont de Nemours
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734:Brandywine Valley: the informed traveler's guide
160:(May 12, 1864 – April 28, 1935) was an American
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435:A bad business transaction had left him nearly
300:, at which time it was reorganized and renamed
759:The National cyclopaedia of American biography
202:, with the bulk of his fortune sustaining the
1962:
1290:
961:
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566:The vast majority of his fortune was left in
422:
2105:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
893:
718:
465:
918:
795:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 100.
246:: first, to the religious Shinn Academy in
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931:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 177–178.
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608:by the Florida Department of State in the
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341:, all of which were dropped in due time.
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289:he registered were related to this work.
2000:
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575:and industrial interests, including the
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426:
273:
1893:NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon
1233:Alfred du Pont Trust: Financial History
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924:
864:
816:
732:Silverman, Sharon Hernes (March 2004).
258:. After graduation, he enrolled in the
218:had immigrated with his sons after the
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1976:
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1087:Chandler and Salisbury (2000), p. 357.
1078:Chandler and Salisbury (2000), p. 345.
1036:Chandler and Salisbury (2000), p. 335.
655:
596:Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
583:'s sole charitable beneficiary is the
183:-based gunpowder manufacturing plant,
2008:Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
1950:
1825:Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
1278:
1185:
1136:
789:MacTaggart, Ross (November 8, 2004).
260:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
95:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2013:Nemours Children's Hospital, Florida
1931:
446:Du Pont had been corresponding with
185:E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
1167:
1090:
581:Alfred I. duPont Testamentary Trust
554:
529:
494:, after the Virginia plantation of
368:. The building looks like a French
302:E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
204:Alfred I. duPont Testamentary Trust
13:
269:
191:and Vice President of operations.
18:American industrialist (1864–1935)
14:
2126:
2090:People from Jacksonville, Florida
1900:The DuPont Show with June Allyson
1260:DuPont Heritage: 1902, New Owners
1248:
1104:History Associates Incorporated.
1000:. Beard Books. pp. 305–308.
262:, sharing a room with his cousin
1930:
1921:
1920:
1342:
925:Winkler, John K. (May 4, 2005).
736:. Stackpole Books. p. 185.
604:Alfred du Pont was designated a
378:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
309:Laflin & Rand Powder Company
216:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
172:and a member of the influential
1889:Hendrick Motorsports Car No. 24
1226:
1217:
1206:
1081:
1072:
1030:
1021:
909:
615:An elementary school along the
372:and the architectural style is
915:MacTaggart (2004), p. 103-105.
855:
209:
1:
648:
610:Great Floridians 2000 Program
559:When du Pont died in 1935 in
107:, Nemours Trading Corporation
1106:"Jessie Ball du Pont papers"
762:. J.T. White. 1896. p.
405:United States District Court
7:
1559:Anthony Joseph Arduengo III
1488:DuPont Experimental Station
697:. SUNY Press. p. 103.
691:Harland N. Prechel (2000).
360:, and Whitehall, the Henry
346:Nemours Mansion and Gardens
292:Du Pont married his cousin
250:and then, two years later,
10:
2131:
1846:DuPont v. Kolon Industries
1835:Consolidation Coal Company
1304:
1146:. L. Stuart. p. 527.
984:MacTaggart (2004), p. 105.
861:MacTaggart (2004), p. 103.
622:Brandywine School District
577:Florida East Coast Railway
423:Widowed and third marriage
2041:
2025:
1992:Nemours Children's Health
1984:
1916:
1871:
1790:Hagley Museum and Library
1770:Atlas Chemical Industries
1752:
1709:Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.
1564:Jacques Antoine Bidermann
1501:
1473:
1450:
1351:
1340:
1312:
1269:Hagley Museum and Library
1200:October 31, 2010, at the
906:MacTaggart (2004), p. 103
537:Tankopanicum Musical Club
466:Relocation and later life
147:
129:
111:
100:
85:
66:
39:
30:
23:
2095:American philanthropists
1907:DuPont Show of the Month
1509:Éleuthère Irénée du Pont
1179:August 23, 2008, at the
645:was named in his honor.
547:in Wilmington in 1907."
352:, who also designed the
230:following an episode of
2100:American businesspeople
2085:Phillips Academy alumni
1795:Hercules Powder Company
1483:DuPont Central Research
837:"Biographic Highlights"
354:New York Public Library
1554:Jeffery Stanford Agate
1529:Francis Irénée du Pont
1524:Francis Gurney du Pont
626:Brandywine High School
475:
432:
328:Divorce and remarriage
281:
279:Bessie Gardner du Pont
256:Andover, Massachusetts
226:, was committed to an
1674:William Dale Phillips
1265:Eugene du Pont papers
1238:May 18, 2006, at the
561:Jacksonville, Florida
508:Florida National Bank
484:Jacksonville, Florida
473:
452:San Diego, California
430:
415:'s third run for the
277:
158:Alfred Irénée du Pont
78:Jacksonville, Florida
44:Alfred Irénée du Pont
1739:Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
1118:on September 6, 2012
958:Winkler (2005), 178.
881:on February 27, 2009
496:Mary Ball Washington
350:Carrère and Hastings
136:(1887–1906; divorce)
1815:Savannah River Site
1669:Charles J. Pedersen
1639:Edward G. Jefferson
1629:Charles O. Holliday
1465:Antec International
1329:Alexander M. Cutler
630:Concord High School
366:Palm Beach, Florida
57:Brandywine Valley,
2054:Jessie Ball duPont
1978:Nemours Foundation
1760:DuPont (1802–2017)
1744:Nathaniel C. Wyeth
1724:Chadwick A. Tolman
1719:Frederick N. Tebbe
1699:Richard R. Schrock
1619:Richard Goodmanson
1604:Curtis J. Crawford
1599:Thomas M. Connelly
1549:T. Coleman du Pont
1140:(September 1984).
1057:The New York Times
928:The Dupont Dynasty
670:The New York Times
585:Nemours Foundation
568:testamentary trust
476:
433:
356:, New York City's
282:
264:T. Coleman du Pont
2075:Alfred I. du Pont
2062:
2061:
2049:Alfred I. du Pont
2021:
2020:
1944:
1943:
1800:Kinetic Chemicals
1785:Eleutherian Mills
1779:Manhattan Project
1694:Irving S. Shapiro
1689:William K. Reilly
1589:Wallace Carothers
1544:Pierre S. du Pont
1514:Alfred I. du Pont
1153:978-0-8184-0352-1
1007:978-1-58798-023-7
938:978-1-4191-2857-8
802:978-0-393-05762-1
743:978-0-8117-2974-1
704:978-0-7914-4593-8
635:The World War II
549:John Philip Sousa
545:Grand Opera House
500:George Washington
313:Pierre S. du Pont
220:French Revolution
155:
154:
25:Alfred I. du Pont
2122:
1998:
1997:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1934:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1820:Wilmington Trust
1649:Stephanie Kwolek
1644:Ellen J. Kullman
1584:Richard H. Brown
1346:
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1111:. Archived from
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1060:. March 21, 1918
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877:. Archived from
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672:. April 29, 1935
662:
642:Alfred I. Dupont
555:Death and legacy
530:Other activities
524:Great Depression
413:Henry A. du Pont
252:Phillips Academy
200:multimillionaire
90:Phillips Academy
73:
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
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1985:Hospital system
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1945:
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1912:
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1857:DuPont Building
1840:DuPont analysis
1748:
1734:Charles M. Vest
1679:Roy J. Plunkett
1664:George Parshall
1659:Rudolph Pariser
1579:Donaldson Brown
1497:
1493:DuPont Building
1475:
1469:
1455:
1446:
1347:
1338:
1324:Edward D. Breen
1314:
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1303:
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1246:
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1240:Wayback Machine
1231:
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1157:. Retrieved
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1113:the original
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198:. He died a
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72:(1935-04-28)
54:May 12, 1864
15:
2115:1935 deaths
2110:1864 births
1884:Pioneer 250
1879:Tour DuPont
1872:Sponsorship
1729:Earl Tupper
1654:James Lynah
1624:Jeff Gordon
459:Edward Ball
448:Jessie Ball
398:World War I
210:Early years
101:Employer(s)
2069:Categories
1476:facilities
1159:August 18,
1064:August 18,
1013:August 18,
944:August 18,
847:August 18,
808:August 18,
769:August 18,
710:August 18,
649:References
480:Nenemoosha
248:New Jersey
50:1864-05-12
2026:Buildings
2001:Locations
1775:B Reactor
1316:directors
1313:Selected
1122:March 10,
374:Louis XVI
166:financier
130:Spouse(s)
120:financier
1926:Category
1863:Chemours
1399:Neoprene
1352:Products
1236:Archived
1198:Archived
1177:Archived
676:July 21,
640:SS
522:and the
512:bank run
437:bankrupt
232:hysteria
181:Delaware
148:Children
59:Delaware
1936:Commons
1753:History
1374:Hypalon
541:gavotte
370:château
339:slander
287:patents
196:Florida
2042:People
1830:Conoco
1438:Zodiaq
1429:Vespel
1419:Teflon
1414:Sorona
1389:Kevlar
1384:Kapton
1379:Kalrez
1359:Corian
1306:DuPont
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417:Senate
228:asylum
105:DuPont
80:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
1442:Zytel
1434:Viton
1424:Tyvek
1409:Nylon
1404:Nomex
1394:Mylar
1369:Freon
1364:FE-13
1116:(PDF)
1109:(PDF)
189:board
1454:and
1161:2010
1148:ISBN
1124:2009
1066:2010
1015:2010
1002:ISBN
946:2010
933:ISBN
887:2009
849:2010
810:2010
797:ISBN
771:2010
738:ISBN
712:2010
699:ISBN
678:2007
628:and
441:deaf
67:Died
40:Born
1267:at
764:456
364:in
254:at
2071::
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48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
