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796:(Hardy's plays feature many locations and extend past 24 hours) or the rules of "bienséance" (his plays openly portray rape and murder and often feature non-noble characters). Hardy's verse style is sometimes convoluted and awkward and he shows a certain love of rare or erudite words (both of these stylistic habits would be condemned by
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in the same period); for these reasons later critics have called Hardy unreadable. It is impossible to know how much the dramatists of the seventeenth century were indebted to him in detail, since only a fraction of his work is preserved, but generally Hardy may be credited with developing a French
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Hardy educated the popular taste, and made possible the dramatic activity of the seventeenth century. He had abundant practical experience of the stage, and modified tragedy accordingly, maintaining five acts in verse, but suppressing the chorus (except in his earliest plays), limiting monologues
397:
had a similar admiration for him. Hardy's plays were written for the stage, not to be read; and it was in the interest of the company that they should not be printed and thus fall into the common stock. Hardy wrote quickly, often adapting plays from French, foreign and classical sources
354:, whom he provided with plays; Hardy may have toured the provinces and even acted with this company (his participation with this troupe is attested from 1611, but may have begun far earlier). Valleran Lecomte's troupe gave performances in Paris from 1598 to 1600 at the
748:(paraphrasing), Hardy's importance in the history of the French theatre has been frequently overlooked. Up to the end of the sixteenth century medieval farce and spectacle dominated the popular stage in Paris. The French Renaissance tragedy of
362:), and the troupe would gain exclusive rights to the HĂ´tel de Bourgogne in 1629. Because of his difficult relations with Bellerose, in 1627 Hardy started writing for a rival troupe of actors (the "
653:: a girl is raped anonymously by a young noble in Toledo and she gives birth to a son; seven years later this son is recognized by the young noble's family and the couple is married.
772:(although monologues reappear in his later plays), and providing the action and variety which was denied to the lyrical drama of the Renaissance. He was a popularizer of the
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545:: a married man learns that his wife is committing adultery from the courtesan of her lover, and he kills his wife and rival, but is himself killed.
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rape and kill two girls of the country while the girls' father is away; their father is unable to obtain justice and commits suicide.
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339:, one of the most prolific of all time. He claimed to have written some six hundred plays, but only thirty-four are extant.
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Hardy's numerous dedications never seem to have brought him riches or even patrons. His most powerful friend was
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and his followers had been written for the learned, and in 1628 when Hardy's work was nearly over and
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were on the threshold of their careers, very few literary dramas by any other author other than
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854:(An anthology). Collection: Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.
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784:), but Hardy was unconcerned with Renaissance or classical dramatic theory (
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891:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 946.
385:'s most unscrupulous agents, and he was on friendly terms with the poet
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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624:: a young man has his friend replace him in the marriage bed.
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The titles of twelve more of Hardy's plays are also known.
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Four plays variously listed as tragedies or tragicomedies:
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Les
Chastes et Loyales Amours de Théagène et Chariclée
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les
Chastes et Loyales Amours de Théagène et Chariclée
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Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: Le XVIIe siècle.
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847:Collection: La Pochothèque. Paris: Fayard, 1996.
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947:17th-century French dramatists and playwrights
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780:model (although at times they echo medieval
801:theater of action. He died in 1632 of the
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957:17th-century deaths from plague (disease)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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832:
32:This article includes a list of general
684:Le Ravissement de Proserpine par Pluton
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714:(considered the best of his pastorals)
676:- based on the ancient Greek novel by
447:Le Théâtre d'Alexandre Hardy, parisien
16:French dramatist (c. 1570/1572 – 1632)
452:Hardy's extant plays are as follows:
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335:(c. 1570/1572 – 1632) was a French
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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903:Works by or about Alexandre Hardy
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776:. His tragedies are close to the
768:are known to have been produced.
560:Procris ou la Jalousie infortunée
952:17th-century French male writers
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630:- drawn from the translation of
549:Alcméon ou la Vengeance féminine
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937:17th-century French male actors
469:Scédase ou l'Hospitalité violée
551:- an adultery leads to murder.
534:Timoclée ou la Juste Vengeance
1:
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712:Alphée, ou la justice d'amour
665:- drawn from a Spanish source
659:- drawn from a Spanish source
350:") headed by the actor named
613:Elmire ou l'Heureuse Bigamie
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733:L'Amour victorieux ou vengé
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636:Cent excellentes nouvelles
632:Giovanni Battista Giraldi
942:French male stage actors
852:Théâtre du XVIIe siècle.
766:Antoine de Montchrestien
669:Three "dramatic poems":
441:In 1623 Hardy published
888:Encyclopædia Britannica
850:Scherer, Jacques, ed.
843:Dandrey, Patrick, ed.
744:Encyclopædia Britannica
381:(d. 1657), one of
370:which performed at the
53:more precise citations.
569:Alceste ou la Fidélité
475:: two young nobles of
364:Vieux Comédiens du Roi
89:Francophone literature
416:Quintus Curtius Rufus
245:Countries and regions
798:François de Malherbe
593:Ten tragicomedies::
728:Le Triomphe d'Amour
678:Heliodorus of Emesa
663:La Belle Egyptienne
651:Miguel de Cervantes
529:Alexander the Great
525:La Mort d'Alexandre
460:Didon se sacrifiant
428:Jorge de Montemayor
424:Miguel de Cervantes
232:Short story writers
207:Writers by category
932:Writers from Paris
455:Twelve tragedies:
436:François de Rosset
383:Cardinal Richelieu
356:HĂ´tel de Bourgogne
237:Children's writers
202:Chronological list
741:According to the
580:'s kidnapping by
493:La Mort d'Achille
462:- the suicide of
395:Tristan l'Hermite
387:Théophile de Viau
379:Isaac de Laffemas
372:Théâtre du Marais
360:Pierre Le Messier
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698:La Gigantomachie
647:La Force du sang
516:La Mort de Daire
368:Claude Deschamps
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758:Jean Mairet
754:Jean Rotrou
688:Prosperpina
222:Playwrights
115:Renaissance
96:by category
51:introducing
916:Categories
809:References
588:Aristoclée
506:Coriolanus
366:") around
294:Literature
161:Classicism
156:Précieuses
34:references
786:Aristotle
705:pastorals
657:Félismène
622:Boccaccio
432:Boccaccio
337:dramatist
217:Novelists
212:Essayists
181:Symbolism
148:Movements
642:Cornélie
628:Phraarte
608:Frégonde
598:Arsacome
502:Coriolan
497:Achilles
488:Méléagre
473:Plutarch
420:Josephus
412:Xenophon
408:Plutarch
171:Decadent
110:Medieval
59:May 2022
905:at the
876::
792:), the
778:Senecan
723:Corinne
618:GĂ©sippe
582:Theseus
578:Ariadne
564:Procris
539:Lucrèce
511:Mariane
483:Panthée
391:Théâtre
281:Portals
194:Writers
102:History
47:improve
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803:plague
790:Horace
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520:Darius
477:Sparta
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253:France
166:Rococo
85:French
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703:Five
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268:Haiti
227:Poets
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