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327:, and would develop a close association with the Portuguese monarchy throughout its seven-century-long history. This association led to the monastery becoming the richest and most influential in Portugal by 1300, with a population of almost 1,000 monks and business interests including farming, fishing and trade. It closed in 1834, amid the
824:, which in Alcobaça is embedded into one of the walls. Access to the pulpit is through an arched gallery with a staircase. The pulpit is one of the most harmonious architectural structures of the monastery. Like the dormitory, the refectory has many pillars separating aisles and is covered by early gothic rib vaulting.
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lived in wooden houses and would only move to the newly built monastery in 1223. The church proper wasn't completed until 1252. The church and the adjacent monastery are the earliest examples of truly Gothic architecture in
Portugal and the church itself was the largest in Portugal at the time of its
689:
This pair of royal tombs in Alcobaça, of unknown authorship, are among the best works of Gothic sculpture in
Portugal. The tombs are supported by lions, in the case of the king, and half-men half-beasts, in the case of Ines, and both carry the recumbent figures of the deceased assisted by a group of
653:
are as high (20 metres) as the central one, which together with the relative slenderness of the church (17 metres) and large length (106 metres) conveys an impression of monumentality. Alcobaça remains, after 800 years, the largest
Portuguese church. The vertical emphasis observed in the building is
489:
at Alcobaça was one of the largest
Portuguese medieval libraries, but was pillaged by the invading French in 1810, and many items were stolen in an anti-clerical riot in 1834, when the religious orders in Portugal were dissolved. The remnants of the monastery library, including hundreds of medieval
741:
The Royal
Pantheon has the 13th-century tombs of two queens of Portugal, Urraca of Castile and Beatrix of Castile, married respectively to Kings Afonso II and Afonso III. There are smaller tombs of unidentified princes. The most remarkable tomb is that of Queen Urraca (died in 1220), buried in a
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During the Middle Ages, the monastery quickly became a powerful and influential presence within the kingdom of
Portugal. The monastery owned and developed extensive agriculture areas, and the abbot exerted influence over a large area. A public school was opened in 1269. The importance of the
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and represents the arrival of this style in
Portugal. The church and other main buildings were constructed from 1178 until the end of the 13th century. The church was consecrated in 1252. Following the precepts of the Cistercian Order, the original monastic buildings were built along lean
657:
Columns and walls are devoid of decoration, as required in
Cistercian churches, and the interior is very brightly illuminated by rows of windows on the walls and rose windows on the main façade and transept arms. The main chapel, like that of Clairvaux, is surrounded by a gallery
798:
This room, located close to the entrance of the church, has a series of 17th–18th century statues representing the kings of
Portugal. The walls are decorated with blue-white 18th century tiles that tell the history of the Monastery of Alcobaça, since its foundation by
686:. After becoming king, Pedro ordered the remains of his beloved to be transferred to her tomb in Alcobaça and, according to a popular legend, had her crowned as queen of Portugal and ordered court members to pay her homage by kissing her decomposing hand.
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water basin inside, decorated with
Renaissance motifs including the coat-of-arms of the monastery. The second floor of the cloister, in Manueline style as revealed by its typical twisted columns, was built in the early 16th century.
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did not cause significant damage to the monastery, although part of the sacristy and some smaller buildings were destroyed. Far greater damage was caused by invading French troops in the first years of the 19th century during the
811:
The dormitory is a large Gothic room where the monks slept together; only the abbot was allowed to have his own room. In the 16th century the space was divided into individual cells. In the 1930s the cell walls were demolished.
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This room, where the monks gathered to discuss the daily matters concerning the monastery, was the most important room after the church. Their daily gathering began by listening to the reading of a chapter from the
862:. The entrance to the house is through a Romanesque-style portal with two similar windows on each side. The room is now filled with Baroque statues created by the monks for the main chapel of the church.
870:
The kitchen of the monastery was built and covered with tiles in the mid-18th century. The central chimney is enormous, supported by eight iron columns. Water and fresh fish were diverted from the river
840:. It is one of the largest medieval Cistercian cloisters in Europe. Its columns are decorated by capitals with animal and vegetal motifs. The builder was the Portuguese architect Domingo Domingues. The
446:
from the Moors in March 1147. The foundation of the monastery was part of a larger strategy by King Afonso I to assert his authority and promote the colonisation of lands recently conquered from the
545:". The monastery was further enlarged in the 18th century, with the addition of a new cloister and towers to the church, although the medieval structure was mostly preserved. In the
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above were part of the original church, while the statues and the two flanking towers were added in the beginning of the 18th century. The side walls of the church have
1206:
530:. After being crowned king, Pedro commissioned two magnificent Gothic tombs for himself and his mistress, both of which can still be seen inside the monastery church.
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48:
Façade of the Monastery of Alcobaça. The portal and rose window of the church are original Gothic (early 13th century), while the towers are Baroque (18th century).
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The main façade of the monastery has two plain-style wings with the church in the middle. The façade of the church is a mix of styles: the portal and the
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style in the early 16th century, but had to be rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake. The corridor leading to the sacristy, covered by a splendid Manueline
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under a round arched gallery. Other reliefs show the king, surrounded by their children, mourning the late queen, as well as Christ surrounded by a
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The refectory was the room in which the monks had their meals every day. While they ate, one of the monks read aloud passages of the Bible from a
1500:
349:, it was one of the most important mediaeval monasteries in Portugal. Due to its artistic, cultural and historical relevance, it was included in
1199:
573:. In addition to looting the library, they robbed the tombs and stole and burnt part of the inner decoration of the church. In 1834, with the
1397:
580:
Alcobaça Monastery was classified as a National Monument on January 1, 1907, and included in the special protection zone on August 16, 1957.
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641:(now mostly demolished), which had been founded by Bernard of Clairvaux in 1115. The church is a Latin-cross building with pronounced
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1129:(PDF), Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (Portuguese General Bureau for National Buildings and Monuments)
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in Portugal. It was founded in 1153 as a gift from the first Portuguese king, Afonso I or Afonso Henriques (1112–1185), to
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Royal Pantheon of the Alcobaça Monastery. The tomb in the foreground decorated with the Apostles belongs to Queen Urraca.
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From the right arm of the transept, one reaches the Royal Pantheon, a room built in the end of the 18th century in
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period, the monks were famous for their clay sculptures, many of them are still inside the monastery. Elaborate
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monastery can be measured by the fact that many monarchs were buried here in the 13th and 14th centuries. Kings
718:", one of the best works authored by 17th-century Alcobaça monks. In both sides of the chapel are buried Kings
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485:. The monks from the monastery produced an early authoritative history on Portugal in a series of books. The
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694:'s life, as well as scenes from Pedro and Ines' life. Her tomb is decorated with scenes from the life of
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This chapel, located in the south side of the transept, has a sculptural group depicting the "Death of
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Monasterios cistercienses en Portugal no siglo XV: problemas alrededor de los scriptoria e bibliotecas
1305:
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completion. The final touch in this large medieval ensemble was given in the late 13th century, when
1120:, Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (Portuguese Institute for Architectural Heritage)
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The first architect(s) of the church, most probably of French origin, followed the design of the
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angels. The sides of Pedro's tomb are magnificently decorated with reliefs showing scenes from
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tomb. A relief showing the queen is seen over the tomb, and the sides are decorated with the
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Construction began in 1178, some 25 years after the first Cistercian monks settled in the
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was built, following the characteristic Portuguese late Gothic style known as "
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The Alcobaça Monastery is one of the first buildings associated with the
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950:. Rough Guides. Apa Publications (UK) Limited. 2023. pp. 280–281.
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Tomb of Ines de Castro showing Christ presiding over the Last Judgement
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Monasterio de Alcobasa: un ejemplo destacado de arquitectura gótica
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ordered the construction of the Gothic cloister, also known as the
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of the monastery was built during the reign of, and sponsored by,
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The monks dedicated their lives to religious meditation, creating
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style, being the earliest Neo-Gothic architecture in Portugal.
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Mosteiro de Alcobaça / Real Abadia de Santa Maria de Alcobaça
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of the church can be reached. The sacristy had been built in
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921:"Alcobaça Monastery: Royal Pantheon and World Heritage Site"
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architectonic lines, without any decoration apart from some
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buildings in Portugal, and, together with the roughly older
682:, who was assassinated in 1355 by order of Pedro's father,
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fountain house in the cloister of the Monastery of Alcobasa
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In the transept of the church are located the tombs of
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of the apse, a typical feature of Gothic architecture.
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to the kitchen basin through a specially built canal.
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was established in 1153 by the first Portuguese king,
1471:
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
537:, a second floor was added to the cloister and a new
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Religious buildings and structures completed in 1252
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Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications
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The Alcobaça Monastery was built following an early
526:, who was murdered on the orders of Pedro's father,
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Royal Building of Mafra – Palace, Basilica, Convent
1057:"Alcobaça Monastery | Alcobaça | Portugal | AFAR"
1466:Religious organizations established in the 1150s
1442:
947:The Rough Guide to Portugal (Travel Guide eBook)
1496:Burial sites of the Castilian House of Burgundy
442:, following the king's conquest of the city of
1167:ALCOBASA Y BATALHA DOS MONASTERIOS DE PORTUGAL
1398:Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture
1200:
1152:Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace Alcobaça Pages
415:Cloister and church of the Alcobasa Monastery
766:-Romanesque style, as well as the Apostles.
518:, respectively, are buried here, as well as
1082:"National Monument - Monastery of Alcobaça"
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1207:
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575:dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal
329:dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal
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1162:Virtual tour of the Monastery of Alcobasa
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1140:Description of the Monastery of Alcobasa
1032:"Space and Time - Monastery of Alcobaça"
1002:"World Heritage - Monastery of Alcobaça"
758:. Other tombs are richly decorated with
557:completed the decoration of the church.
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334:The church and monastery were the first
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1107:Maria Augusta Pablo Trindade Ferreira.
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1501:Roman Catholic monasteries in Portugal
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312:and 110 km (68 mi) south of
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1109:Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Alcobaça
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274:Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Alcobaça
16:Historic site in Alcobaça, Portugal
13:
1461:1834 disestablishments in Portugal
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407:vault and entrance to the sacristy
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1486:Christian monasteries in Portugal
1338:, Cerco Garden and Hunting Park (
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919:Viajonários (28 September 2022).
729:
494:, Portugal's national library in
1481:World Heritage Sites in Portugal
852:
1476:Gothic architecture in Portugal
1265:Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte
1111:. ELO-IPPAR. 2nd edition, 1993.
976:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
492:Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
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597:sculpture and a statue of the
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1451:1153 establishments in Europe
1346:Monastery of the Hieronymites
1145:The Monastery of Alcobaça on
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625:to support the weight of the
1241:Historic Centre of Guimarães
1172:Catarina Fernandes Barreira
1157:Site about Alcobaça (photos)
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649:. The lateral aisles of the
212:Portuguese National Monument
7:
1255:Monastery of Serra do Pilar
1086:www.mosteiroalcobaca.gov.pt
1036:www.mosteiroalcobaca.gov.pt
1006:www.mosteiroalcobaca.gov.pt
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1306:Convent of Christ in Tomar
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369:Central nave of the church
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140:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1147:Google Arts & Culture
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200:Europe and North America
978:"Monastery of Alcobaça"
890:Monastery of Santa Cruz
754:and the symbols of the
710:Chapel of Saint Bernard
569:, itself a part of the
479:illuminated manuscripts
426:water basin within the
343:Monastery of Santa Cruz
283:located in the town of
264:or Alcobasa Monastery (
1329:Cultural Landscape of
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1236:Alto Douro Wine Region
742:richly decorated late
633:Interior of the church
562:1755 Lisbon earthquake
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885:Monastery of Batalha
584:Art and architecture
533:During the reign of
440:Bernard of Clairvaux
270:Mosteiro de Alcobaça
86:39.54833°N 8.98000°W
36:Mosteiro de Alcobaça
1391:Historic Centre of
1367:Historic Centre of
1245:Historic Centre of
860:Rule of St Benedict
828:Cloister of Silence
516:Beatrice of Castile
472:Cloister of Silence
355:World Heritage Site
293:[alkuˈβasɐ]
82: /
1426:Shared with other
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678:and his mistress,
639:Abbey of Clairvaux
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262:Alcobaça Monastery
243:Reference no.
186:Reference no.
150:Alcobaça Monastery
91:39.54833; -8.98000
22:Alcobaça Monastery
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1393:Angra do Heroísmo
1301:Batalha Monastery
794:Room of the Kings
692:Saint Bartholomew
623:flying buttresses
512:Urraca of Castile
461:. Initially, the
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1260:Côa Valley
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1067:2022-04-12
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310:Lisbon
196:Region
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174:1989
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