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1023:, charging massive fraud in the northern departments controlled by the rebels of the New Forces. These charges were contradicted by United Nations observers (unlike African Union observers). The report of the results led to severe tension and violent incidents. The Constitutional Council, which consisted of Gbagbo supporters, declared the results of seven northern departments unlawful and that Gbagbo had won the elections with 51% of the vote – instead of Ouattara winning with 54%, as reported by the Electoral Commission. After the inauguration of Gbagbo, Ouattara—who was recognized as the winner by most countries and the United Nations—organized an alternative inauguration. These events raised fears of a resurgence of the civil war; thousands of refugees fled the country.
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846:, the president of the National Assembly, over the presidential succession in total disregard for the constitution that clearly gave Bedié the legal right to lead the country if Houphouet became unfit. Bédié prevailed and Ouattara resigned as prime minister on 9 December. Ouattara then returned to the IMF as Deputy Managing Director, holding that post from 1 July 1994 to 31 July 1999.
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830:, to accept Ouattara as Chairman of the Inter-ministerial Committee for Coordination of the Stabilization and Economic Recovery Programme of Côte d'Ivoire. While holding that position, Ouattara also remained in his post as BCEAO Governor. He subsequently became Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire on 7 November 1990, still under the IMF imposition, after which
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1984 to
October 1988 he was Director of the African Department at the IMF, and in May 1987 he additionally became Counsellor to the Managing Director at the IMF. On 28 October 1988 he was appointed as Governor of the BCEAO, and he was sworn in on 22 December 1988. Ouattara has a reputation as a hard worker, keen on transparency and good governance.
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1084:, dozens were killed. UN and French forces took military action against Gbagbo. Gbagbo was taken into custody after a raid into his residence on 11 April 2011. The country was severely damaged by the war, and observers say it will be a challenge for Ouattara to rebuild the economy and reunite Ivorians.
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July 2020, Ouattara considered putting forward
Defense Minister Hamed Bakayoko, before changing his mind due to alleged links to drug trafficking. In July, he announced a run for a third term in office. His candidacy was controversial, for the Ivorian constitution permits only two presidential terms.
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In a controversial move in
November 2012, President Ouattara sacked his government in a row over a new marriage law that would make wives joint heads of the household. His own party supported the changes, but the elements of the ruling coalition resisted, with the strongest opposition coming from the
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and said that
Houphouët-Boigny "wanted Alassane Ouattara to concern himself only with the economy". Ouattara's nationality certificate, issued in late September 1999, was annulled by a court on 27 October. An arrest warrant for Ouattara was issued on 29 November, although he was out of the country at
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While serving as Deputy
Managing Director at the IMF, in March 1998, Ouattara expressed his intention to return to Côte d'Ivoire and take part in politics again. After leaving the IMF in July 1999, he was elected President of the RDR on 1 August 1999 at an extraordinary congress of the party, as well
812:
in Paris of the Banque
Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (West African Central Bank) from 1973 to 1975. With the BCEAO, he was then Special Advisor to the Governor and Director of Research from February 1975 to December 1982 and Vice Governor from January 1983 to October 1984. From November
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The presidential elections that should have been organized in 2005 were postponed until
November 2010. The preliminary results announced independently by the president of the Electoral Commission from the headquarters of Ouattara due to concern about fraud in that commission. They showed a loss for
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President Gbagbo affirmed on 6 August 2007 that
Ouattara could stand in the next Ivorian presidential election. Ouattara was designated as the RDR's presidential candidate at its Second Ordinary Congress on 1–3 February 2008; he was also re-elected as President of the RDR for another five years. At
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met with
Ouattara, at which time, according to Kobina, Ouattara said: "I'm ready to join you." The party nominated Ouattara as its presidential candidate on 3 July 1995 at its first ordinary congress. The government would not change the electoral code, however, and Ouattara declined the nomination.
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approved an electoral code that barred candidates if either of their parents were of a foreign nationality and if they had not lived in Côte d'Ivoire for the preceding five years. It was widely thought these provisions were aimed at
Ouattara. Owing to his duties with the IMF, he had not resided in
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While serving as prime minister, Ouattara also tried, illegally and against the constitution, to carry out presidential duties for a total of 18 months, including the period from March to December 1993, when Houphouët-Boigny was ill. Houphouët-Boigny died on 7 December 1993, and Ouattara announced
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The Constitutional Court ruled that the first term under a different constitution did not count for the purposes of the two-term rule of the current constitution, thus allowing Ouattara's candidacy; this led to violent protests in Abidjan and throughout the country. The
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handguns, 200,000 rounds of ammunition, and 50,000 tear-gas grenades, in violation of a UN embargo. Several other Ivory Coast officers were released because they had diplomatic passports. His accomplice, Michael Barry Shor, an international trader, was located in
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Ouattara won a second five-year term in 2015 with almost 84% of the vote. With 2,118,229 votes, or 83.66% of votes cast, and a 54.63% turnout, his victory was a landslide compared to the 50% required to avoid a run-off and the 9% of his closest rival, FPI leader
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The RDR and the PDCI are both members of the Rally of Houphouëtistes, and while Ouattara and Bédié ran separately in the first round, each agreed to support the other if only one of them made it into a potential second round.
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as being chosen as its candidate for the next presidential election. He said he was eligible to stand in the election, pointing to documents he said demonstrated that he and his parents were of Ivorian birth.
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916:, ousting Bédié. Ouattara returned to Côte d'Ivoire after three months in France on 29 December, hailing Bédié's ouster as "not a coup d'état", but "a revolution supported by all the Ivorian people".
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https://news.abidjan.net/photos/466818-diner-offert-en-lhonneur-du-president-de-la-republique-sem-alassane-ouattara-par-le-president-de-la-republique-du-ghana-sem-nana-addo-dankwa-akufo-addo
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A new constitution, approved by referendum in July 2000, controversially barred presidential candidates unless both of their parents were Ivorians, and Ouattara was disqualified from the
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quoted U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as saying Gbagbo's capture "sends a strong signal to dictators and tyrants.... They may not disregard the voice of their own people".
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responded, "For us, things are simple: he does not come from Burkina Faso, neither by birth, marriage, or naturalization. This man has been Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire."
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https://www.fratmat.info/article/222512/politique/alassane-ouattara/en-visite-detat-en-afrique-du-sud-le-president-ouattara-eleve-a-la-plus-haute-distinction-du-pays
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Ouattara has two children, David Dramane Ouattara and Fanta Catherine Ouattara, from his first marriage to American Barbara Jean Davis. In 1991, Ouattara married
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At the RDR's Third Ordinary Congress on 9–10 September 2017, it was expected that Ouattara would be elected as President of the RDR, but he instead proposed
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was thus boycotted by a large part of the opposition, and saw the reelection of Alassane Ouattara with 95.31% of the votes under a 53.90% turnout.
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Daddieh, Cyril K. (2001). "Elections and Ethnic Violence in Côte d'Ivoire: The Unfinished Business of Succession and Democratic Transition".
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and the Second Ivorian Civil War. International organizations reported numerous human-rights violations by both sides. In the city of
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and Ouattara respond to questions from reporters during their joint press conference at the Presidential Palace in Abidjan, 2012
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his death to the nation, saying that "Côte d'Ivoire is orphaned". A brief power struggle ensued between Ouattara and
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2350:"Final Communique on the Extraordinary Session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government on Cote D’Ivoire"
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At the time, Ouattara said publicly that he did not believe Gbagbo would organize transparent and fair elections.
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871:(PDCI) in 1994, sought for Ouattara to be its presidential candidate. In late June 1995, RDR Secretary-General
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1665:"Côte d'Ivoire's new president – The king of Kong – Alassane Ouattara takes charge but can he keep the peace?"
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2302:""We Don't Believe Gbagbo Will Organise Transparent Elections" Michael Deibert interviews Alassane Ouattara"
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adopted a resolution recognising Alassane Ouattara as winner of the elections, based on the position of the
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In 2010, a colonel of the Ivory Coast armed forces, Nguessan Yao, was arrested in New York in a year-long
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He was accused of forging these papers, prompting investigations. President Bédié described Ouattara as a
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1926:"Côte d'Ivoire: Organisation du 2ème congrès ordinaire du Rdr, des cadres manoeuvrent pour le report"
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2637:"Côte d’Ivoire : Alassane Ouattara choisit Henriette Dagri Diabaté pour présider son parti"
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the country since 1990. Also, his father was rumoured to have been born in Burkina Faso. The
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In April 1990, the IMF under the Structural Adjustment Program forced the Ivorian president,
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In March 2020, Ouattara announced he would not run again in the presidential elections of 31
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businesswoman of maternal Jewish descent. Their wedding was held in the town hall of the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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operation charged with procuring and illegal export of weapons and munitions: 4,000
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as the presidential candidate of the RDR. After the sudden death of Coulibaly on 8
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2100:"Cote d'Ivoire: Court annuls presidential candidate's nationality certificate",
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The developments in the country were welcomed by world leaders. U.S. President
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from November 1990 to December 1993, appointed to that post by then-President
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When asked in an interview about Ouattara's nationality, Burkinabé President
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705:; born 1 January 1942) is an Ivorian politician and economist who has been
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709:(Côte d'Ivoire) since 2010. An economist by profession, he worked for the
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Ivory Coast court clears President Ouattara's contentious third-term bid.
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2359:, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 7 December 2010.
2015:"Ivorian opposition elects former premier as presidential candidate",
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the time; he nevertheless said that he would return by late December.
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replaced him as Interim BCEAO Governor. He also held the position of
62:
2389:"ICE deports Ivory Coast army colonel convicted of arms trafficking"
2228:
1814:"Houphouët-Boigny et ADO: du comité interministériel à la Primature"
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2369:"Communique of the 252nd Meeting of the Peace and Security Council"
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He studied at the High School Zinda Kaboré in Ouaga (Burkina Faso)
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1911:"Jul 1995 - Selection of Ouattara as RDR presidential candidate",
1723:"Alassane Ouattara reaches summit but has more mountains to climb"
1622:"Gbagbo: Preventing ECOWAS military misadventure in Cote d'Ivoire"
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2075:"Côte d'Ivoire: Former political foes strike pact to oust Gbagbo"
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1034:, former president of South Africa, to mediate the conflict. The
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in Washington, D.C. from 1968 to 1973, and afterwards he was the
2135:"Côte d'Ivoire: Arrest warrant issued for opposition politician"
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with Alassane Ouattara at the Guest House Akasaka Palace in 2019
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2031:"Côte d'Ivoire: Police arrest scores outside politician's home"
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2485:"Ivory Coast strongman arrested after French forces intervene"
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Gbagbo in favour of former prime minister Alassane Ouattara.
867:(RDR), an opposition party formed as a split from the ruling
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2605:"Alassane Ouattara wins Ivory Coast election by a landslide"
2518:"The war is over — but Ouattara's struggle has barely begun"
765:. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1965 from the
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757:—also known as the Wattara (Ouattarra) Empire. Ouattara is
1881:"Côte d'Ivoire: Continuity and Change in a Semi-Democracy"
216:
Deputy Director General of the International Monetary Fund
2551:
2391:. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 30 November 2012.
2325:"Thousands flee Ivory Coast for Liberia amid poll crisis"
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applauded news of the developments in Côte d'Ivoire, and
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Political Web site from Ouattara's circle of influence.
923:. The issues surrounding this were major factors in the
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Ouattara dissolves Ivorian government over marriage law
1982:"Ivorian ex-premier to quit IMF for return to politics"
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for the post, and she was duly elected by acclamation.
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2304:. Inter Press Service. 23 October 2007. Archived from
2250:"La présidentielle envisagée par Gbagbo pour fin 2007"
2282:"Alassane Ouattara prêt à s'associer aux ex-rebelles"
1572:
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Governors of the Central Bank of West African States
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2116:"Opposition leader blasts 'undemocratic' government"
1883:. In Clark, John Frank; Gardinier, David E. (eds.).
1860:"Prime minister decides to quit", Associated Press (
888:, leaving the PDCI's candidate, incumbent president
2177:"COTE D'IVOIRE: Former Prime Minister returns home"
2056:"Ivory Coast opposition leader under investigation"
799:
234:
Governor of the Central Bank of West African States
1972:, Volume 41, October 1995 Cote d'Ivoire, p. 40759.
2483:Lynch, Colum; Branigin, William (11 April 2011).
1460:The presidency was disputed between Ouattara and
749:. He is a descendant on his father's side of the
719:Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
5521:
1953:"ADO est élu Président du RDR, le 1er Août 1999"
1777:
1542:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1525:. Archived from the original on 21 December 2005
1019:The ruling FPI contested the results before the
2203:, Volume 46, July 2000 Cote d'Ivoire, p. 43661.
1915:, Volume 41, July 1995 Cote d'Ivoire, p. 40630.
1692:"How ethnicity colors the Ivory Coast election"
2319:
2317:
2315:
3137:
2974:
2906:
2892:
2482:
2199:"Jul 2000 – Referendum on new constitution",
662:
1488:"Ivory Coast's Alassane Ouattara in profile"
1483:
1481:
1080:, hundreds of people were killed. In nearby
733:(RDR), an Ivorian political party, in 1999.
2312:
1830:"Décès du Président Félix Houphouët-Boigny"
1148:October 2020, and supported Prime Minister
3144:
3130:
2981:
2967:
2899:
2885:
2696:Deutsche Welle (dw.com), 15 September 2020
1072:The 2010 presidential election led to the
938:the congress, he invited the former rebel
736:
669:
655:
160:7 November 1990 – 9 December 1993
36:
2859:Economic Community of West African States
2548:"Obama, Clinton welcome new developments"
2515:
2433:United States Court of Appeals Memorandum
2414:"FBI nabbed colonel on official business"
2158:"Ivory Coast coup a 'popular revolution'"
1478:
1107:
1040:Economic Community of West African States
753:rulers of Burkina Faso, then part of the
2096:
2094:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1640:"Ivory Coast: Alassane Ouattara profile"
1117:
1098:
1058:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
1044:
956:
953:2010 presidential election and aftermath
741:Ouattara was born on 1 January 1942, in
5494:Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
2451:
2277:
2275:
2212:
895:
729:. Ouattara became the president of the
5522:
1994:
1885:Political Reform in Francophone Africa
1690:Oved, Marco Chown (28 November 2010).
1464:from 4 December 2010 to 11 April 2011.
474:This article is part of a series about
382:
246:December 1988 – November 1990
3125:
2962:
2880:
2586:from the original on 15 November 2012
2395:from the original on 27 February 2018
2331:from the original on 26 December 2010
2091:
1968:"Oct 1995 – Presidential elections",
1878:
1867:
1753:
1720:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
700:
210:October 1990 – November 1993
5580:Rally of the Republicans politicians
2272:
1887:. Boulder: Westview Press. pp.
1795:from the original on 28 October 2017
1741:from the original on 29 October 2020
1702:from the original on 29 October 2020
1689:
1602:from the original on 26 October 2020
968:
838:from October 1990 to November 1993.
5565:Ivorian people of Burkinabé descent
3153:Current heads of state of republics
2516:Griffiths, Thalia (11 April 2011).
1854:
1658:
1104:Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire.
816:
715:Central Bank of West African States
198:Minister of the Economy and Finance
16:President of Ivory Coast since 2010
13:
5545:Heads of government of Ivory Coast
3107:
2990:Heads of government of Ivory Coast
2665:Ivorians react to Ouattara’s exit.
2558:from the original on 12 April 2011
2528:from the original on 11 March 2017
2497:from the original on 13 April 2011
2458:Ivory Coast: Elections Turn to War
1551:
1504:
1188:
1114:2015 Ivorian presidential election
1007:2010 Ivorian presidential election
860:National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire
856:October 1995 presidential election
804:Ouattara was an economist for the
14:
5621:
5585:University of Pennsylvania alumni
5121:Transitional Presidential Council
2801:Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast
2725:
2617:from the original on 27 July 2021
2378:, African Union, 9 December 2010.
1182:National Order of the Ivory Coast
869:Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire
821:
359: 1966, divorced)
148:Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast
5610:Defense ministers of Ivory Coast
5605:21st-century Ivorian politicians
5540:Finance ministers of Ivory Coast
5501:
5487:
5473:
5459:
5445:
5431:
5417:
5403:
5378:
5364:
5350:
5336:
5322:
5308:
5294:
5280:
5266:
5252:
5238:
5224:
5199:
5185:
5171:
5157:
5143:
5129:
5114:
5100:
5086:
5072:
5058:
5044:
5030:
5016:
4991:
4977:
4961:
4923:
4907:
4893:
4879:
4865:
4847:
4833:
4819:
4805:
4791:
4775:
4761:
4747:
4733:
4719:
4705:
4691:
4675:
4661:
4647:
4633:
4619:
4605:
4591:
4577:
4563:
4549:
4535:
4521:
4507:
4493:
4479:
4457:
4443:
4429:
4415:
4401:
4387:
4371:
4345:
4330:
4316:
4302:
4288:
4272:
4258:
4244:
4230:
4216:
4202:
4186:
4172:
4158:
4144:
4129:
4115:
4101:
4086:
4072:
4058:
4044:
4030:
4016:
4002:
3988:
3974:
3960:
3946:
3932:
3907:
3893:
3879:
3865:
3851:
3837:
3829:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3822:
3808:
3794:
3780:
3764:
3750:
3736:
3722:
3708:
3692:
3678:
3664:
3649:
3635:
3621:
3607:
3593:
3578:
3564:
3550:
3535:
3521:
3507:
3493:
3479:
3464:
3450:
3436:
3421:
3407:
3393:
3379:
3365:
3351:
3337:
3323:
3309:
3295:
3281:
3267:
3253:
3239:
3224:
3210:
3196:
3182:
3168:
2947:
2760:
2746:
2732:
2464:from the original on 9 July 2011
2452:DiCampo, Peter (27 April 2011).
2201:Keesing's Record of World Events
1970:Keesing's Record of World Events
1913:Keesing's Record of World Events
1424:
1409:
1396:
1381:
1368:
1354:
1341:
1326:
1313:
1292:
1279:
1264:
1251:
1236:
1223:
1208:
1195:
1175:
973:
849:
800:Career at financial institutions
642:
637:
632:
465:
2710:
2699:
2678:
2657:
2629:
2597:
2570:
2540:
2509:
2476:
2445:
2426:
2407:
2381:
2362:
2343:
2294:
2243:
2206:
2193:
2170:
2151:
2128:
2109:
2068:
2049:
2024:
2009:
2001:Biography at Ouattara's website
1975:
1962:
1946:
1918:
1905:
1839:
1823:
1807:
1714:
1036:United Nations Security Council
836:Minister of Economy and Finance
723:Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire
378:
356:
2327:. BBC News. 26 December 2010.
2065:, BBC News, 22 September 1999.
1939:(allAfrica.com), 27 July 2007
1721:Smith, David (15 April 2011).
1683:
1632:
1614:
1588:
1454:
1215:National Order of Burkina Faso
767:Drexel Institute of Technology
556:2016 constitutional referendum
1:
3386:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
2167:, BBC News, 29 December 1999.
1696:The Christian Science Monitor
1471:
447:Official Presidential website
2828:President of the Ivory Coast
2675:africanews.com, 6 March 2020
2125:, BBC News, 29 October 1999.
1765:"Basic texts and milestones"
794:16th arrondissement of Paris
7:
5555:Ivorian democracy activists
5150:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
4768:Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
1598:. CBC News. 25 March 2011.
1169:
927:, which broke out in 2002.
806:International Monetary Fund
711:International Monetary Fund
308:(present-day Côte d'Ivoire)
10:
5626:
1991:, BBC News, 30 March 1998.
1388:National Order of the Lion
1243:Order of the Star of Ghana
1164:
1111:
1004:
921:2000 presidential election
892:, to win an easy victory.
779:University of Pennsylvania
428:University of Pennsylvania
5590:Presidents of Ivory Coast
5394:
5259:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
5215:
5007:
4950:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
4362:
3923:
3288:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
3159:
3105:
2996:
2945:
2914:
2908:Presidents of Ivory Coast
2865:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2825:
2817:
2807:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2642:12 September 2017 at the
2635:Sylvestre-Treiner, Anna,
2423:, UPI, 21 September 2010.
1879:Mundt, Robert J. (1997).
1770:27 September 2007 at the
982:This article needs to be
914:the military seized power
788:, a French Algerian-born
682:Alassane Dramane Ouattara
566:2017 Ivory Coast mutinies
452:
442:
412:
401:
393:
335:
313:
283:
278:
274:
262:
250:
239:
232:
221:
214:
203:
196:
184:
174:
164:
153:
146:
134:
118:
82:
70:
59:
51:
47:
35:
23:
5535:Drexel University alumni
4612:Katerina Sakellaropoulou
4422:Alexander Van der Bellen
2438:27 February 2018 at the
2182:22 February 2012 at the
1862:San Antonio Express-News
1596:"A tale of 2 presidents"
1573:CV at Ouattara's website
1523:"Profile at IMF website"
1447:
1159:election of October 2020
1074:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis
1011:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis
865:Rally of the Republicans
731:Rally of the Republicans
707:President of Ivory Coast
541:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis
522:President of Ivory Coast
327:Rally of the Republicans
93:Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio
54:President of Ivory Coast
4812:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
4598:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
3022:post abolished, 1960–90
2692:30 October 2020 at the
2671:30 October 2020 at the
2374:6 February 2011 at the
2291:, AFP, 3 February 2008.
1987:8 February 2018 at the
1931:5 February 2012 at the
1845:"African Leader Dies",
1578:9 November 2007 at the
1299:National Order of Niger
925:First Ivorian Civil War
761:and is a member of the
737:Early and personal life
4223:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
3600:Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
3113:
2794:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
2419:25 August 2013 at the
1271:National Order of Mali
1126:
1108:Second term, 2015–2020
1053:
1021:Constitutional Council
966:
878:boycotted the election
828:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
727:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
721:, BCEAO), and was the
718:
702:[alasanwataʁa]
583:parliamentary election
561:Grand-Bassam shootings
406:Téné Birahima Ouattara
180:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
169:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
5037:Rodrigo Chaves Robles
4726:Myriam Spiteri Debono
4514:Nikos Christodoulides
4309:Serdar Berdimuhamedow
4122:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
4051:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3787:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
3729:Bassirou Diomaye Faye
3656:Abdourahamane Tchiani
3614:Prithvirajsing Roopun
3246:Évariste Ndayishimiye
3112:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire
3111:
2778:Alassane Ouattara.com
2454:"An Uncertain Future"
2163:12 April 2017 at the
2121:14 March 2016 at the
2061:14 March 2016 at the
1439:Order of South Africa
1416:Order of the Republic
1333:Order of Prince Henry
1132:Pascal Affi N'Guessan
1121:
1099:2012 marriage law row
1048:
960:
882:Ivorian Popular Front
698:French pronunciation:
571:2020 Ivorian protests
5575:People from Dimbokro
4984:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
4584:Salome Zourabichvili
4450:Alexander Lukashenko
4251:Ranil Wickremesinghe
3939:Mohammed Shahabuddin
3486:Umaro Sissoco Embaló
3372:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
3344:Denis Sassou Nguesso
3175:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2811:Daniel Kablan Duncan
2650:, 10 September 2017
2140:12 June 2011 at the
2080:12 June 2011 at the
2046:, 15 September 1999.
2036:12 June 2011 at the
1924:Brahima, Coulibaly,
1864:), 10 December 1993.
1493:20 June 2018 at the
1331:Grand Collar of the
1180:Grand Collar of the
1150:Amadou Gon Coulibaly
896:President of the RDR
612:2011 local elections
191:Daniel Kablan Duncan
129:Tiémoko Meyliet Koné
125:Daniel Kablan Duncan
101:Amadou Gon Coulibaly
97:Daniel Kablan Duncan
5508:Nikenike Vurobaravu
5480:Surangel Whipps Jr.
4998:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
4934:Karin Keller-Sutter
4408:Vahagn Khachaturyan
4079:Thongloun Sisoulith
3844:Samia Suluhu Hassan
3815:Salva Kiir Mayardit
3358:Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
2869:John Dramani Mahama
2857:Chairperson of the
2613:. 28 October 2015.
2490:The Washington Post
2460:. Pulitzer Center.
2442:, 18 December 2015.
2287:3 July 2012 at the
1670:5 June 2013 at the
1645:24 May 2018 at the
1548:, 12 December 2005.
1386:Grand Cross of the
1359:Grand Cross of the
1335:(12 September 2017)
1297:Grand Cross of the
1269:Grand Cross of the
1213:Grand Cross of the
832:Charles Konan Banny
269:Charles Konan Banny
113:Robert Beugré Mambé
5560:Ivorian economists
5410:Wiliame Katonivere
5192:Christine Kangaloo
4969:Vadim Krasnoselsky
4654:Michael D. Higgins
4323:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
4151:Ram Chandra Poudel
4023:Abdul Latif Rashid
3914:Emmerson Mnangagwa
3900:Hakainde Hichilema
3114:
2786:Political offices
2582:, BBC News, 2012,
2355:3 May 2011 at the
2308:on 26 August 2011.
2255:6 May 2008 at the
2148:, 9 December 1999.
2106:, 27 October 1999.
1851:, 8 December 1993.
1390:(11 November 2023)
1273:(3 September 2013)
1127:
1054:
967:
747:French West Africa
346:Barbara Jean Davis
304:French West Africa
5517:
5516:
5051:Miguel Díaz-Canel
4900:Nataša Pirc Musar
4668:Sergio Mattarella
4640:Halla Tómasdóttir
4468:Željka Cvijanović
3500:Alassane Ouattara
3217:Mokgweetsi Masisi
3119:
3118:
2956:
2955:
2875:
2874:
2866:Succeeded by
2851:Goodluck Jonathan
2843:Diplomatic posts
2835:Succeeded by
2808:Succeeded by
2554:. 11 April 2011.
2190:, 4 January 2000.
1245:(16 October 2017)
1241:Companion of the
1184:(4 December 2010)
1139:Henriette Diabaté
1003:
1002:
965:in September 2011
890:Henri Konan Bédié
880:, along with the
844:Henri Konan Bédié
810:Chargé de Mission
786:Dominique Nouvian
771:Drexel University
679:
678:
576:COVID-19 pandemic
531:
492:
491:
483:Alassane Ouattara
456:
455:
419:Drexel University
370:Dominique Nouvian
25:Alassane Ouattara
5617:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5373:
5371:Luis Lacalle Pou
5369:
5368:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5317:
5313:
5312:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5180:
5178:José Raúl Mulino
5176:
5175:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5152:
5148:
5147:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5109:
5107:Bernardo Arévalo
5105:
5104:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4956:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4888:
4886:Peter Pellegrini
4884:
4883:
4874:
4872:Aleksandar Vučić
4870:
4869:
4860:
4858:Milena Gasperoni
4854:Alessandro Rossi
4852:
4851:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4700:
4698:Edgars Rinkēvičs
4696:
4695:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4474:
4462:
4461:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4181:
4179:Asif Ali Zardari
4177:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4011:
4007:
4006:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3969:
3967:José Ramos-Horta
3965:
3964:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3858:Faure Gnassingbé
3856:
3855:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3759:
3757:Julius Maada Bio
3755:
3754:
3745:
3743:Wavel Ramkalawan
3741:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3717:
3715:Carlos Vila Nova
3713:
3712:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3573:
3571:Lazarus Chakwera
3569:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3545:
3542:Mohamed al-Menfi
3540:
3539:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3471:Mamady Doumbouya
3469:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3445:
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2754:Biography portal
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1647:Wayback Machine
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1628:on 8 July 2011.
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2223:(1–2): 14–19.
2216:African Issues
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200:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
178:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
151:
150:
144:
143:
141:Laurent Gbagbo
138:
132:
131:
122:
120:Vice President
116:
115:
105:Hamed Bakayoko
89:Guillaume Soro
86:
84:Prime Minister
80:
79:
73:Assumed office
68:
67:
60:
57:
56:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5622:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:Living people
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
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5543:
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5538:
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5525:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5453:
5452:Wesley Simina
5448:
5442:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5424:Taneti Maamau
5420:
5414:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5357:Chan Santokhi
5353:
5347:
5344:
5343:Dina Boluarte
5339:
5333:
5330:
5329:Santiago Peña
5325:
5319:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5287:Gustavo Petro
5283:
5277:
5274:
5273:Gabriel Boric
5269:
5263:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:South America
5214:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5164:Daniel Ortega
5160:
5154:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5079:Luis Abinader
5075:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:North America
5006:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4947:
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4917:
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4910:
4904:
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4896:
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4876:
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4868:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4472:Željko Komšić
4469:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:Aslan Bzhania
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4237:Yoon Suk Yeol
4233:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:Mahmoud Abbas
4189:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4065:Sadyr Japarov
4061:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3943:
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3935:
3929:
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3926:
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3915:
3910:
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3896:
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3819:
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3811:
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3802:
3797:
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3695:
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3604:
3601:
3596:
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3581:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3528:Joseph Boakai
3524:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3472:
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3424:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3203:Patrice Talon
3199:
3193:
3190:
3189:João Lourenço
3185:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3110:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
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3087:
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3077:
3075:
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3067:
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3055:
3053:
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3048:
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3040:
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3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2950:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2744:
2741:
2740:Africa portal
2730:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2649:
2648:Jeune Afrique
2645:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
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2437:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1954:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1898:0-8133-2785-7
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1831:
1826:
1815:
1810:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1678:
1677:The Economist
1673:
1669:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1652:The Telegraph
1648:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1545:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1362:
1361:Order of Mono
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:African Union
1024:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1008:
997:
994:December 2013
985:
980:
971:
970:
964:
959:
950:
946:
943:
941:
935:
933:
928:
926:
922:
917:
915:
910:
907:
902:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
870:
866:
861:
857:
854:Prior to the
850:1995 election
847:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
814:
811:
807:
797:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
692:
683:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
652:
650:
649:
645:
640:
635:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:
529:
524:
523:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
485:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
459:
451:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
417:
415:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
371:
364:
363:
341:
340:
338:
334:
328:
322:(Before 1994)
320:
316:
312:
305:
301:
296:(age 82)
286:
282:
277:
273:
270:
267:
261:
258:
255:
249:
243:
238:
235:
231:
225:
220:
217:
213:
207:
202:
199:
195:
192:
189:
183:
179:
173:
170:
167:
163:
157:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
126:
123:
117:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
81:
74:
69:
65:
64:
58:
55:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
22:
19:
5466:David Adeang
5301:Daniel Noboa
5231:Javier Milei
5093:Nayib Bukele
5023:Sandra Mason
4967:
4946:Albert Rösti
4938:Guy Parmelin
4930:Viola Amherd
4915:Alan Gagloev
4913:
4798:Andrzej Duda
4781:
4683:Vjosa Osmani
4681:
4626:Tamás Sulyok
4436:Ilham Aliyev
4394:Bajram Begaj
4377:
4280:Lai Ching-te
4278:
4192:
4093:Najib Mikati
4037:Isaac Herzog
4009:Ali Khamenei
3770:
3700:Brahim Ghali
3698:
3628:Filipe Nyusi
3585:Assimi Goïta
3514:William Ruto
3499:
3443:Adama Barrow
3428:Brice Oligui
3302:Mahamat Déby
3099:Beugré Mambé
3026:
3021:
2938:
2856:
2826:
2799:
2773:
2712:
2701:
2685:
2680:
2664:
2659:
2647:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2608:
2599:
2588:, retrieved
2578:
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2522:The Guardian
2521:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2488:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2457:
2447:
2428:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2383:
2364:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2296:
2260:
2245:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2172:
2153:
2145:
2130:
2111:
2101:
2085:
2070:
2051:
2041:
2026:
2016:
2011:
1996:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1948:
1936:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1884:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1825:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1788:
1785:"Historique"
1779:
1774:, bceao.int.
1745:10 September
1743:. Retrieved
1727:The Guardian
1726:
1716:
1706:27 September
1704:. Retrieved
1695:
1685:
1675:
1660:
1650:
1634:
1626:the original
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1590:
1527:. Retrieved
1456:
1432:South Africa
1404:Sierra Leone
1203:Burkina Faso
1143:
1136:
1128:
1102:
1089:Barack Obama
1086:
1071:
1055:
1025:
1018:
1014:
991:
983:
961:Ouattara at
947:
944:
936:
929:
918:
911:
903:
899:
873:Djéni Kobina
853:
840:
825:
809:
803:
783:
775:Philadelphia
763:Dyula people
740:
681:
680:
605:
604:
582:
581:
534:
533:
528:2010-present
527:
521:
520:
481:
264:Succeeded by
241:
223:
205:
186:Succeeded by
155:
109:Patrick Achi
72:
61:
18:
5530:1942 births
5438:Hilda Heine
4783:Ersin Tatar
4486:Rumen Radev
4165:Kim Jong Un
3995:Joko Widodo
3685:Paul Kagame
3671:Bola Tinubu
3013:Independent
2775:(in French)
2652:(in French)
2590:16 November
2532:10 December
2335:26 December
2267:(in French)
2004:(in French)
1957:(in French)
1941:(in French)
1834:(in French)
1818:(in French)
1583:(in French)
1302: [
1032:Thabo Mbeki
755:Kong Empire
252:Preceded by
176:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
5524:Categories
5315:Irfaan Ali
4740:Maia Sandu
4542:Alar Karis
4528:Petr Pavel
3953:Xi Jinping
3872:Kais Saied
2863:2012–2014
2805:1990–1993
2524:. London.
2262:L'Humanité
1606:26 January
1529:2011-04-11
1472:References
1437:Member of
1123:Shinzo Abe
940:New Forces
535:Government
414:Alma mater
290:1942-01-01
5245:Luis Arce
5206:Joe Biden
4954:Beat Jans
3260:Paul Biya
3084:Coulibaly
3042:N'Guessan
2837:Incumbent
1955:, ado.ci
1832:, ado.ci
1816:, ado.ci
1735:0261-3077
1082:Bloléquin
906:Burkinabé
884:(FPI) of
717:(French:
408:(brother)
402:Relatives
242:In office
228:1994–1999
224:In office
206:In office
165:President
156:In office
63:Incumbent
3089:Bakayoko
3027:Ouattara
3000:Colonial
2939:Ouattara
2690:Archived
2669:Archived
2640:Archived
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