1426:
the final vowel for masculine words ending in a short vowel is i, for those ending in a long vowel it is ee." And regarding feminine nouns; "they drop -t(a), and end in e. (...) The last vowel of those nouns ending in é or ó does not change but they do lose the high pitch. If the corresponding vowel
1201:
Alaba differentiates between several different types of cases. There are primary and secondary cases. Absolutive and
Nominative are the primary cases and will therefore be mentioned first. The Absolutive can be further subdivided into six more cases, i.e. Instrumental, Similative Genitive, Dative,
1440:
Again, there is difference between female and male nouns. Regarding male nouns there are two possibilities. "Either -h(a) is suffixed or it is not; when choosing, e.g. between mancíi and mancíih(a)," The second version refers to a specific man/person.
217:. However, Fleming (1976) classifies Kʼabeena (also transliterated "Qebena" or "Kebena") as a dialect of Kambaata, and Blench (2006) classifies both as dialects of Kambaata. The 2007 census in Ethiopia lists Alaba and Qebena as separate languages.
843:
This denotes a doubled of sounds in the pronunciation of the word. Almost all consonants have a geminated counterpart. This means, in terms of stops, that the release is being delayed while other consonants are being extended. Similarities to the
1210:
The
Absolutive is used in different syntactic environments: as the citation form of nouns, to encode the direct object, as the nominal predicate, marginally to indicate a location with non-motional verbs and to indicate a certain point of time.
212:
district of Oromia Region. The literacy rate of native speakers in their language is below 1%, while their literacy rate in second languages is 8.6%; Alaba-Kʼabeena is taught in primary schools. It has an 81% lexical similarity with
2036:
1096:
In Alaba grammatical gender is indicated by word-final vowels for masculine and feminine words. "Apart from cases of biological sex, there is no semantic motivation for gender."
1437:
The form of the Dative in Alaba is based on morphological features that were shown in the
Genetive above. The final vowel is lengthened, if not yet done, and gets a high pitch.
840:
In linguistics, the term refers to the duplication of sounds or words as well as the associated linguistic phenomena, such as a longer pronunciation.
2353:
967:
Syllables in Alaba consist of a consonant or one or two vowels. There are several syllables in Alaba, for example light, heavy and extra heavy.
1447:
Names like
Muhammad, only the last vowel is lengthened, which leads to Muhammadii but NOT Muhammadiih(a). Therefore, -h(a) is never suffixed.
2033:
2941:
1285:
The
Genetive in Alaba is mainly used to indicate a possessive relationship by using a suffix marker as it can be seen below in the table.
17:
316:
The number of speakers of this language has increased. In 2001 there were 204,000 speakers and in 2007 approximately 280,000 speakers.
761:
2301:
2278:
356:
2346:
784:
626:
375:
3441:
3053:
2934:
668:
545:
89:
1277:
The
Nominative is used to encode the subject of an intransitive, as well as the subject of a transitive sentence.
3101:
654:
177:
3436:
3196:
2339:
408:
399:
209:
700:
587:
661:
3152:
2927:
2415:
2296:]. Verbal Art and Documentary Literature in African Languages. Vol. 28. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
677:
427:
418:
365:
193:
817:
538:
530:
451:
442:
2463:
693:
3349:
2908:
2709:
2699:
2674:
1601:
The table below shows the pronouns and pronominal clitics (PC) related to their grammatical cases.
824:
807:
384:
3323:
3262:
2764:
580:
573:
552:
220:
A collection of over 400 proverbs in this language has been published with
English translations.
3247:
3119:
3110:
2774:
1421:
So, the suffix marker attaches to the possessor, independent from the gender of the possessed.
619:
612:
491:
2362:
767:
732:
725:
79:
2792:
739:
594:
201:
8:
633:
3385:
3209:
2950:
2847:
2541:
2493:
2312:
2268:
605:
486:
84:
2468:
160:
3235:
3162:
3081:
2995:
2754:
2744:
2649:
2634:
2606:
2561:
2478:
2396:
2297:
2274:
1951:. If the whole clause is negated, the clitical element is attached to the main verb.
506:
496:
214:
94:
2827:
3369:
3288:
3215:
3169:
3142:
3132:
3076:
3005:
2887:
2639:
2629:
2616:
2556:
2546:
2438:
2428:
2321:]. Cushitic Language Studies (in German). Vol. 23. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
1146:"Feminine nouns, as they appear in citation form end almost exclusively in -t(a)."
752:
481:
476:
3374:
3364:
3318:
3204:
3179:
3147:
3091:
3086:
3043:
3013:
2976:
2892:
2822:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2516:
2453:
2443:
2391:
2040:
718:
501:
124:
71:
3417:
3379:
3293:
3283:
3257:
3221:
3186:
3157:
3137:
3127:
3071:
3066:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2857:
2837:
2832:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2749:
2719:
2714:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2576:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2473:
2458:
2386:
117:
2012:
3430:
3402:
3333:
3328:
3313:
3252:
2988:
2982:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2807:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2704:
2694:
2659:
2624:
2586:
2501:
2448:
2376:
189:
185:
3358:
3018:
2759:
2511:
2483:
559:
330:
2314:
Das Kʼabeena: Deskriptive
Grammatik einer hochlandostkuschitischen Sprache
329:
Alaba has ten vowels, which contrast in height and backness as well as in
144:
2331:
2017:
851:
197:
52:
2319:
The Kʼabeena: Descriptive
Grammar of a Highland East Cushitic Language
3174:
2919:
799:
643:
518:
153:
137:
2273:. Cushitic Language Studies. Vol. 25. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
712:
181:
41:
2433:
2270:
A Grammar of Alaaba: A Highland East
Cushitic Language of Ethiopia
2186:
2184:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2423:
2381:
845:
513:
2220:
2181:
2169:
2152:
205:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2096:
3267:
2244:
2232:
1427:
is a, long ee or aa, the Genitive ending is also a, ee or aa.
2208:
2196:
2140:
2045:
2123:
2108:
2093:
2081:
2290:
máakut(i) t'awá shuultáa: Sayings of the Alaaba (Ethiopia)
2069:
2057:
1424:
In terms of phonetics it is important to mention that "
854:
in Alaba are often used to indicate the plural form.
1526:{person (NOM)} book {person (DAT)} {take from (CAUS)}
1214:
The Absolutive is used to encode the direct object:
223:
The Alaba speakers consists of 23 different groups.
3428:
858:Examples of Gemenation in Alaba - Plural Forms
172:(Alaaba, Alaba, Allaaba, Halaba), also known as
1444:Feminine nouns suffix -t(a) without exception.
2287:
2266:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2175:
2163:
2146:
2134:
2117:
2102:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
1589:{person (NOM)} {person (DAT)} book {give (SG)}
1243:
27:Highland East Cushitic language of East Africa
2935:
2347:
2942:
2928:
2354:
2340:
2361:
848:and its function in Arabic are visible.
1576:
1542:
1462:
14:
3429:
2949:
2923:
2335:
2310:
2008:
2006:
1959:
1606:
962:
1289:Genetive - Possessive Relationship
1947:The most common negative marker is
1592:The woman gave the book to the man.
1554:
1529:The man gave the book to the woman.
1488:
24:
2003:
324:
25:
3453:
2327:
1507:
823:
816:
806:
783:
766:
760:
738:
731:
724:
699:
692:
676:
667:
660:
653:
632:
625:
618:
611:
593:
586:
579:
572:
558:
551:
544:
537:
529:
450:
441:
426:
417:
407:
398:
383:
374:
364:
355:
208:district of Gurage Zone, and the
2288:Schneider-Blum, Gertrud (2009).
2267:Schneider-Blum, Gertrud (2007).
2259:
178:Highland East Cushitic language
2027:
1984:Muslím-mat(i) ʔasaam-á ʔit-táa
1583:mancút(i) mancíih(a) kitaab-í
1450:One example for more clarity:
13:
1:
1997:
1272:
1205:
463:
2294:Proverbs Finish the Problems
1520:mánc(u) kitaab-í mancóot(a)
1514:mánc(u) kitaab-í mancóot(a)
971:Alaba - Syllable Structure
835:
319:
7:
1942:
1596:
1280:
10:
3458:
1533:And the other way around:
1086:
64:280,000 (2007 census)
3411:
3395:
3348:
3306:
3276:
3243:
3234:
3195:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3052:
3004:
2957:
2901:
2880:
2773:
2615:
2492:
2414:
2405:
2369:
1903:
1822:
1817:
1776:
1737:
1732:
1695:
1656:
1651:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1432:
1091:
750:
711:
642:
512:
473:
440:
151:
135:
130:
114:
68:
58:
51:Rift Valley southwest of
47:
37:
32:
2909:Ethiopian sign languages
1993:Muslims do not eat pork.
1196:
3442:East Cushitic languages
2311:Crass, Joachim (2005).
2023:(subscription required)
1973:
1965:
1955:
1569:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1495:
1480:
1469:
1454:
1238:
1226:
1218:
1202:Ablative and Locative.
1057:heavy syllable, closed
1034:heavily syllable, open
18:Alaba-K’abeena language
202:Alaba special district
3437:Languages of Ethiopia
2363:Languages of Ethiopia
1990:PL pig/pork {eat not}
1080:extra heavy syllable
2251:Schneider-Blum 2007
2239:Schneider-Blum 2007
2227:Schneider-Blum 2007
2215:Schneider-Blum 2007
2203:Schneider-Blum 2007
2191:Schneider-Blum 2007
2176:Schneider-Blum 2007
2164:Schneider-Blum 2007
2147:Schneider-Blum 2007
2135:Schneider-Blum 2007
2118:Schneider-Blum 2007
2103:Schneider-Blum 2007
2088:Schneider-Blum 2007
2076:Schneider-Blum 2007
2064:Schneider-Blum 2007
2052:Schneider-Blum 2009
1364:c'uuli hak'éeta(a)
1290:
1151:
1101:
972:
859:
470:
449:
425:
406:
382:
363:
338:
228:
2951:Cushitic languages
2370:Official languages
2039:2010-11-14 at the
1378:c'uule hak'éet(a)
1288:
1149:
1099:
970:
963:Syllabic Structure
857:
468:
456:⟨aa⟩
432:⟨oo⟩
413:⟨ee⟩
389:⟨uu⟩
370:⟨ii⟩
336:
227:The Alaba Groups
226:
200:, specifically in
3424:
3423:
3418:extinct languages
3344:
3343:
3302:
3301:
3230:
3229:
2917:
2916:
2881:Foreign languages
2876:
2875:
2303:978-3-89645-284-9
2280:978-3-89645-483-6
2229:, pp. 88–89.
2193:, pp. 84–88.
2178:, pp. 82–83.
2166:, pp. 72–73.
2021:(18th ed., 2015)
1940:
1939:
1419:
1418:
1406:c'uule lokkát(a)
1392:c'uuli lokkát(a)
1381:The girl's dream
1194:
1193:
1144:
1143:
1100:Masculine Nouns
1084:
1083:
960:
959:
833:
832:
461:
460:
447:⟨a⟩
423:⟨o⟩
404:⟨e⟩
380:⟨u⟩
361:⟨i⟩
314:
313:
194:Great Rift Valley
167:
166:
16:(Redirected from
3449:
3241:
3240:
3170:Somali languages
3116:
3115:
3107:
3106:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2464:Sebat Bet Gurage
2412:
2411:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2322:
2307:
2284:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2106:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2010:
1961:
1906:
1867:
1830:
1825:
1779:
1740:
1698:
1659:
1604:
1603:
1578:
1556:
1544:
1509:
1490:
1464:
1367:The boy's dream
1353:The girl's head
1325:The girl's book
1291:
1287:
1264:I bought a nice
1245:
1152:
1150:Feminine Nouns
1148:
1132:son, boy, child
1102:
1098:
973:
969:
860:
856:
827:
820:
810:
802:
787:
770:
764:
755:
742:
735:
728:
721:
703:
696:
687:
680:
671:
664:
657:
650:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
541:
533:
525:
471:
467:
457:
454:
448:
445:
433:
430:
424:
421:
414:
411:
405:
402:
390:
387:
381:
378:
371:
368:
362:
359:
339:
335:
229:
225:
163:
147:
140:
120:
74:
30:
29:
21:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3407:
3391:
3340:
3298:
3272:
3226:
3191:
3096:
3048:
3000:
2953:
2948:
2918:
2913:
2897:
2872:
2769:
2700:Kachama-Ganjule
2675:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
2611:
2488:
2407:
2401:
2365:
2360:
2330:
2325:
2304:
2281:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2041:Wayback Machine
2032:
2028:
2022:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1982:
1971:
1963:
1945:
1904:
1886:
1865:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1803:
1786:
1777:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1696:
1678:
1657:
1653:
1599:
1594:
1581:
1567:
1559:
1547:
1531:
1512:
1493:
1478:
1467:
1435:
1409:The girl's leg
1339:The boy's head
1322:c'uule kitaabi
1311:The boy's book
1308:c'uuli kitaabi
1283:
1275:
1270:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1208:
1199:
1094:
1089:
1012:light syllable
965:
838:
798:
751:
717:
685:
648:
604:
567:
523:
517:
495:
485:
466:
455:
446:
431:
422:
412:
403:
388:
379:
369:
360:
327:
325:Vowel Inventory
322:
159:
143:
136:
121:
116:
110:
75:
72:Language family
70:
61:
60:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3422:
3421:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3263:Southern Oromo
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2902:Sign languages
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2765:Zayse-Zergulla
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2329:
2328:External links
2326:
2324:
2323:
2308:
2302:
2285:
2279:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2253:, p. 350.
2243:
2241:, p. 174.
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2180:
2168:
2151:
2139:
2122:
2107:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2054:, p. 114.
2044:
2026:
2013:Alaba-Kʼabeena
2001:
1999:
1996:
1972:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1598:
1595:
1568:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1494:
1479:
1468:
1453:
1452:
1434:
1431:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:The boy's leg
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1237:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
993:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
964:
961:
958:
957:
951:
944:
941:
937:
936:
930:
923:
920:
916:
915:
909:
902:
899:
895:
894:
888:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
837:
834:
831:
830:
828:
821:
814:
812:
803:
795:
794:
792:
790:
788:
781:
778:
777:
775:
773:
771:
758:
756:
748:
747:
745:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
697:
690:
688:
682:
681:
674:
672:
665:
658:
651:
646:
640:
639:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
601:
600:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
564:
563:
556:
549:
542:
535:
526:
521:
510:
509:
504:
499:
489:
479:
474:
465:
462:
459:
458:
439:
435:
434:
415:
396:
392:
391:
372:
353:
349:
348:
345:
342:
326:
323:
321:
318:
312:
311:
309:
306:
303:
299:
298:
295:
292:
289:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
170:Alaba-Kʼabeena
165:
164:
157:
149:
148:
141:
133:
132:
131:Language codes
128:
127:
122:
118:Writing system
115:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
104:
103:
102:
100:Alaba-Kʼabeena
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
33:Alaba-Kʼabeena
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Eastern Oromo
3246:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:Rendille–Boni
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3054:Highland East
3051:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Kacipo-Balesi
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2217:, p. 88.
2216:
2211:
2205:, p. 85.
2204:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2149:, p. 49.
2148:
2143:
2137:, p. 48.
2136:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2120:, p. 27.
2119:
2114:
2112:
2105:, p. 17.
2104:
2099:
2097:
2090:, p. 14.
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:Muslím-mat(i)
1952:
1950:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1624:Instrumental
1605:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:c'uule buʔlá
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:c'uuli buʔlá
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:
968:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
921:
918:
917:
914:
910:
907:
903:
900:
897:
896:
893:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
855:
853:
849:
847:
841:
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
813:
809:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
791:
789:
786:
782:
780:
779:
776:
774:
772:
769:
763:
759:
757:
754:
749:
746:
744:
741:
737:
734:
730:
727:
723:
720:
716:
714:
710:
707:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
689:
684:
683:
679:
675:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
628:
624:
621:
617:
614:
610:
607:
603:
602:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
566:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
527:
522:
520:
515:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
493:
492:post-alveolar
490:
488:
483:
480:
478:
475:
472:
453:
444:
437:
436:
429:
420:
416:
410:
401:
397:
394:
393:
386:
377:
373:
367:
358:
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
341:
340:
334:
332:
317:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
234:
231:
230:
224:
221:
218:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:southwest of
195:
191:
190:Kebena people
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
162:
158:
156:
155:
150:
146:
142:
139:
134:
129:
126:
123:
119:
113:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
90:Highland East
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
57:
54:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3413:
3384:
3357:
3214:
3120:Macro-Somali
3102:Lowland East
3061:
2981:
2775:Nilo-Saharan
2506:
2416:Ethiosemitic
2318:
2313:
2293:
2289:
2269:
2260:Worked cited
2246:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2171:
2142:
2083:
2078:, p. 7.
2071:
2066:, p. 2.
2059:
2047:
2029:
2016:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1930:ʔissáacc(i)
1807:kiʔnéecc(i)
1600:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1297:Translation
1284:
1276:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1158:Translation
1145:
1108:Translation
1095:
1062:
1039:
1018:
996:
979:Translation
966:
954:
947:
933:
926:
912:
905:
891:
884:
872:Translation
866:Translation
850:
842:
839:
469:Consonants
328:
315:
260:Wusharminee
238:T'orumboraa
222:
219:
173:
169:
168:
152:
125:Ge'ez script
99:
80:Afro-Asiatic
2690:Hamer-Banna
2034:2007 Census
1893:ʔisíicc(i)
1854:ʔiséecc(i)
1810:kiʔnéen(i)
1627:Similative
1612:Nominative
1609:Absolutive
1522:ʔaaʔʔ-is-ée
1506:take from (
1502:ʔaaʔʔ-is-ée
1261:{buy (1SG)}
1254:hirʔ-éem(i)
1239:hirʔ-éem(i)
898:sumudát(a)
263:Azoobaddaa
3431:Categories
2018:Ethnologue
1998:References
1933:ʔssáan(i)
1909:ʔissat(a)
1896:ʔisíin(i)
1885:ʔisíih(a)/
1813:kiʔneg(a)
1782:kiʔnet(a)
1550:mancíih(a)
1484:mancóot(a)
1481:mancóot(a)
1398:masculine
1370:masculine
1359:masculine
1345:masculine
1342:masculine
1331:masculine
1317:masculine
1314:masculine
1303:Possessed
1300:Possessor
1273:Nominative
1206:Absolutive
1179:ʔillít(a)
1171:laagát(a)
919:wot'át(a)
877:zazzát(a)
464:Consonants
308:Shadgeraa
302:Wushiiraa
297:Anashakoo
277:Zeebaddaa
198:Lake Shala
180:spoken in
53:Lake Shala
3416:indicate
3324:Saho–Afar
3210:Daasanach
3175:Maay Maay
2848:Nyangatom
2793:Daatsʼiin
2745:Shekkacho
2542:Daasanach
2408:languages
1936:ʔsság(a)
1899:ʔisig(a)
1860:ʔiseg(a)
1857:ʔséen(i)
1833:ʔiset(a)
1766:kíicc(i)
1722:níicc(i)
1621:Ablative
1618:Genitive
1615:Genitive
1538:mancút(i)
1415:feminine
1412:feminine
1401:feminine
1387:feminine
1384:feminine
1373:feminine
1356:feminine
1328:feminine
1163:ʔamát(a)
1045:shoulder
940:gomát(a)
852:Geminates
836:Geminates
649:voiceless
644:fricative
524:voiceless
519:affricate
320:Phonology
291:Galminee
288:Kanassaa
280:Dariimoo
246:Sofaatoo
235:Kolminee
174:Wanbasana
154:Glottolog
138:ISO 639-3
3163:Rendille
3111:Omo–Tana
3082:Kambaata
3032:Gollango
2996:Xamtanga
2755:Wolaitta
2635:Bambassi
2607:Xamtanga
2562:Kambaata
2494:Cushitic
2479:Tigrinya
2406:Regional
2397:Tigrinya
2037:Archived
1969:pig/pork
1966:ʔasaam-á
1943:Negation
1915:ʔíss(a)
1839:ʔíse(e)
1824:singular
1790:ʔáʔn(u)
1769:kíin(i)
1763:-he/-ke
1739:singular
1725:níin(i)
1707:ʔnáʔ(u)
1688:ʔíin(i)
1685:ʔicc(i)
1658:singular
1597:Pronouns
1562:kitaab-í
1553:person (
1541:person (
1487:person (
1473:kitaab-í
1470:kitaab-í
1461:person (
1281:Genetive
991:Comment
713:sonorant
606:ejective
487:alveolar
395:mid-low
337:Vowels
283:Kuuk'ee
274:K'ujjee
269:Guzubee
266:Torodaa
215:Kambaata
182:Ethiopia
161:alab1254
95:Kambaata
85:Cushitic
42:Ethiopia
3414:Italics
3386:Kwʼadza
3370:Burunge
3289:Dirasha
3277:Konsoid
3236:Oromoid
3216:El Molo
3197:Western
3143:Girirra
3133:Dabarre
3077:Hadiyya
3035:Gorrose
3029:Gergere
3019:Gawwada
2888:English
2715:Koorete
2640:Basketo
2630:Anfillo
2557:Hadiyya
2547:Dirasha
2429:Argobba
2424:Amharic
2382:Amharic
1986:-baʔ(a)
1980:eat not
1976:-baʔ(a)
1974:ʔit-táa
1949:-baʔ(a)
1927:-(s)sa
1924:ʔissáa
1921:-(s)sa
1912:-(s)sa
1876:ʔis(i)
1820:person
1804:-kiʔne
1802:-hiʔne/
1799:kiʔnée
1787:-kiʔne
1785:-hiʔne/
1772:kig(a)
1735:person
1728:nig(a)
1719:-(n)ne
1713:-(n)ne
1704:-(n)ne
1691:ʔíg(a)
1654:person
1644:Pronoun
1638:Pronoun
1632:Pronoun
1585:ʔaattóo
1571:ʔaattóo
1516:ʔaassée
1497:ʔaassée
1458:mánc(u)
1455:mánc(u)
1166:mother
1140:kidney
1129:c'ullí
1124:saliva
1116:father
1087:Grammar
1042:-na-nú
929:'át(a)
880:scythe
846:Shaddah
514:plosive
507:glottal
497:palatal
305:Melgaa
294:Gumbee
255:Korjoo
252:Genzaa
249:Toogoo
232:Siidee
192:in the
184:by the
176:, is a
3396:Others
3375:Gorowa
3365:Alagwa
3319:Dahalo
3307:Others
3205:Arbore
3180:Somali
3148:Jiiddu
3092:Sidama
3087:Libido
3044:Tsamai
3023:Dihina
3014:Dobase
3006:Dullay
2977:Qimant
2893:Arabic
2823:Majang
2617:Omotic
2602:Tsamai
2597:Somali
2592:Sidamo
2582:Qimant
2572:Libido
2517:Arbore
2469:Siltʼe
2454:Mesqan
2444:Harari
2439:Gurage
2392:Somali
2300:
2277:
1918:ʔissa
1905:plural
1887:ʔisíi
1848:ʔisée
1796:kiʔne
1793:kiʔne
1778:plural
1760:kesáa
1751:at(i)
1716:nesáa
1697:plural
1682:-(ʔ)e
1679:ʔisáa
1677:ʔesáa/
1674:-(ʔ)e
1668:an(i)
1665:-(ʔ)e
1575:give (
1433:Dative
1294:Alaba
1250:t’uma
1187:ʔashó
1174:voice
1155:Alaba
1121:ʔanjá
1113:ʔanná
1105:Alaba
1092:Gender
1068:sweat
1023:mouth
982:onset
976:Alaba
950:át(a)
943:cloud
922:ghost
908:át(a)
890:scythe
887:át(a)
883:zazzar
869:Alaba
863:Alaba
753:liquid
686:voiced
568:voiced
482:dental
477:labial
344:front
331:length
241:Ajjaa
206:Kebena
204:, the
186:Halaba
48:Region
3380:Iraqw
3359:Aasáx
3350:South
3294:Konso
3284:Bussa
3268:Waata
3258:Oromo
3222:Yaaku
3187:Tunni
3138:Garre
3128:Baiso
3072:Gedeo
3067:Burji
3062:Alaba
3038:Harso
2989:Qwara
2983:Kayla
2972:Bilen
2967:Awngi
2858:Shabo
2853:Opuuo
2838:Mursi
2833:Murle
2828:Meʼen
2818:Kwegu
2813:Kwama
2798:Gumuz
2788:Berta
2783:Anuak
2760:Yemsa
2750:Sheko
2720:Maale
2685:Gayil
2680:Ganza
2670:Dorze
2655:Chara
2645:Bench
2577:Oromo
2567:Konso
2552:Gedeo
2537:Burji
2532:Bussa
2527:Baiso
2522:Awngi
2507:Alaba
2474:Soddo
2459:Muher
2434:Geʽez
2387:Oromo
2317:[
2292:[
1879:ʔisi
1870:ʔisú
1866:masc.
1842:ʔise
1743:kesa
1701:nesa
1662:ʔisá
1266:house
1259:house
1257:good
1252:min-í
1242:buy (
1233:house
1228:min-í
1219:t’uma
1197:Cases
1137:mulí
1001:body
997:ʔa-li
988:coda
985:peak
953:cloud
932:ghost
904:sumud
901:sign
800:glide
719:nasal
502:velar
352:high
347:back
3403:Beja
3334:Saho
3329:Afar
3314:Boon
3253:Orma
3158:Boni
3026:Gaba
2959:Agaw
2868:Uduk
2863:Suri
2843:Nuer
2808:Komo
2740:Seze
2735:Oyda
2730:Nayi
2725:Melo
2710:Karo
2705:Kafa
2695:Hozo
2665:Dizi
2660:Dime
2650:Boro
2625:Aari
2587:Saho
2502:Afar
2449:Inor
2377:Afar
2298:ISBN
2275:ISBN
1890:-si
1882:-si
1873:-si
1851:-se
1845:-se
1836:-se
1829:fem.
1757:-ki
1754:kii
1748:-ke
1746:-he/
1710:nii
1671:ʔii
1565:book
1508:CAUS
1476:book
1222:good
1190:ant
1182:eye
1065:-kí
1063:huun
911:sign
438:low
210:Goro
188:and
2512:Ale
2484:Zay
2015:at
1818:3rd
1733:2nd
1652:1st
1647:PC
1641:PC
1635:PC
1555:DAT
1543:NOM
1489:DAT
1463:NOM
1244:1SG
1074:VV
1040:gen
1029:VV
1019:fóo
1017:ʔa-
946:gom
925:wot
627:tʃʼ
145:alw
3433::
2183:^
2154:^
2125:^
2110:^
2095:^
2005:^
1960:PL
1577:SG
1429:"
1077:C
1071:C
1054:C
1051:V
1048:C
1026:C
1007:V
1004:C
811:)
634:kʼ
620:tʼ
613:pʼ
588:dʒ
546:tʃ
534:)
452:aː
428:ɔː
409:ɛː
385:uː
366:iː
333:.
2943:e
2936:t
2929:v
2355:e
2348:t
2341:v
2306:.
2283:.
1579:)
1557:)
1545:)
1510:)
1491:)
1465:)
1268:.
1246:)
955:s
948:m
934:s
927:t
913:s
906:d
892:s
885:r
825:ɰ
818:j
808:ɰ
805:(
785:l
768:r
765:/
762:ɾ
740:ɲ
733:n
726:m
701:ʒ
694:z
678:h
669:ʃ
662:s
655:f
595:g
581:d
574:b
560:ʔ
553:k
539:t
531:p
528:(
516:/
494:/
484:/
443:a
419:ɔ
400:ɛ
376:ʊ
357:ɪ
20:)
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