97:
1563:
1570:
81:
104:
417:, the migration process had just ended. "Old Carmel"/Chermala, modern day's Khirbet al-Karmil, therefore had a successively biblical (Jewish)–Roman (pagan)–Christian history. Negev interprets two different dedicatory inscriptions from the synagogue of "new Carmel"/Karmelos/Kh. Susiya as indicating that those Jews who had remained in "old Carmel" used to come for
377:
Although placed on three low hills and therefore hard to defend, the town was sufficiently effective as a bullwark against
Bedouin raids. Mader noticed that to Eusebius it is a χώμη 'Ιουδαίων, a 'Jewish village', but the presence of at least three churches, including a large one that was part of a
489:, who visited Syria (including Palestine) between 1857 and 1864, saw a similarity between a type of medieval tower placed in France at strategic spots along mountain roads, and Crusader counterparts in Syria, and regarded the Carmel castle as a different variation to this theme.
374:. The large, perfectly preserved ancient water reservoir is noticed by all 19th-century explorers. It and a good spring provided the town with plenty of water. A relief showing Hercules was discovered just north of the reservoir during the Mandatory period.
381:
A total of three
Byzantine churches were confirmed by archaeologists in recent years in the western part of ancient Carmel: a community church in the centre, and another two on hills to the north and south. Mader was witness to the villagers of
393:, starting from "still insufficient" archaeological evidence and a thorough reassessment of ancient written sources, proposed that Eusebius, by naming the village associated in his time with biblical Carmel in two different ways,
703:
1131:
586:
The terraces, decorative landscaping, Hebron stones, washrooms and a spring that gushes from the rock next to the pool – all make this one of the most spectacular outdoor sites in the West Bank.
543:; the large (117 x 74 ft) and "fine reservoir of masonry", connected by a rock-cut tunnel to a cave spring, which in October 1874 was filled with water; and the remains of the Crusader castle.
401:, did not make one of his known mistakes, but reflected the existence of two associated settlements. Negev suggests that "old Carmel" (al-Karmil) was garrisoned by the Romans only after the
700:
437:
of consuming alcohol. The Jewish population eventually left, the name Carmel of the newer site was forgotten and eventually replaced with the Arabic
Khirbet Susiya, "Ruin of the
405:(132–135), at which point most of its Jewish inhabitants gradually left during the years 150–300. They moved away to a site little over two kilometres away, now known as Khirbet
1294:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
378:
monastery located south of the town, all from the following two centuries, are proof that the village had strikingly become preeminently
Christian during the Byzantine period.
594:
guard, made incursions into the park, after the army forced the local children out of the pool and allotted them to a corner while the settlers enjoyed the pool and the site.
429:
of the old village. "New Carmel" prospered tremendously based on its trade in wine and oil with the Romans (this including the
Christian Byzantine period), but after the
1454:
618:. There are seven predominant families, including Abu 'Aram, Abu Tbakh, al-Dababsa, Haroush and Jabareen, among others. The Abu 'Aram family is part of the
259:, the village had a population of 9,740 in 2017. The primary health care facilities for the village are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 2.
183:
840:קליין, איתן (2016). "הערכה מחודשת של תבליט הרקולס מחורבת אל-כרמיל שבדרום הר-חברון" [The Hercules Relief from Khirbet el-Karmil Reconsidered].
1972:
474:
1089:
1437:
461:
assembled his army, next to a large ancient water reservoir. The
Crusader's Carmel Castle was first mentioned in 1175 and was destroyed in
131:
386:
using the ruins as a source for cut stones for their houses, in one case repurposing half of an inscribed lintel from a
Byzantine church.
358:
mentions a garrison stationed here at the beginning of the fourth century. Towards the end of the fourth century, already during the
1381:
648:
256:
1670:
203:
96:
44:
473:
on two sides; in the 1980s
Pringle only found the barrel-vaulted basement with remains of the ground floor. French medievalist
1195:
1163:
1047:
969:
849:
552:
1579:
564:
1967:
1406:
1400:
The priorities and needs for development in Al Karmil village based on the community and local authorities' assessment
279:
in 1911–1914, saw the strategic importance of historical Carmel in the fact that it's situated at the point where the
884:
1430:
1333:
390:
1399:
1372:
291:(SWP) authors, Conder & Kitchener, managed to trace an ancient road from Jerusalem to "El Kŭrmŭl" in 1874.
430:
755:
1280:
Altchristliche
Basiliken und Lokaltraditionen in Südjudäa. Archäologische und topographische Untersuchungen
310:
300:
1304:
1269:
1021:
868:
803:
776:
744:
507:, who described "Kirmil" in the 1220s as "a village in the further limits of the Hebron territory, in the
1962:
1423:
1393:
1215:
First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population
1034:
985:
334:
1353:
Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
1321:
1298:
1265:
1173:
914:
272:
824:
731:
1712:
1343:
951:
524:
413:, who adopted Negev's theory– they never stopped identifying as "Carmel". When Eusebius compiled his
410:
338:
469:
of one of the Byzantine churches was seen with part of its first (upper) floor still standing, with
330:
1213:
1169:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
433:
and the withdrawal of their main customers, lost their source of income, in part due to the Muslim
1928:
1562:
1068:
685:
288:
236:
1243:Étude sur les monuments de l'architecture militaire des croisés en Syrie et dans l'île de Chypre
1159:
532:
486:
353:
268:
1410:
961:
734:-185. Good plan of the Crusader castle on top of the ruined Byzantine church east of the town.
1702:
1357:
1325:
591:
493:
462:
280:
20:
1902:
1387:
1261:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
1247:
1117:
458:
454:
252:
24:
492:
Guillaume-Rey noticed the remains of a very large square structure with four round corner
8:
1292:
1288:
1259:
1167:
707:
1351:
1569:
1528:
1446:
1377:
1059:
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011–2012. Joel Perlmann, Project Director (ed.).
923:
652:
477:
interpreted in the 1930s the role of the castle as built "to guard the road leading to
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276:
244:
188:
176:
117:
1230:
1329:
1278:
1241:
1191:
1083:
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540:
539:) are only describing extensive ancient ruins, including the remains of at least two
536:
402:
1060:
1936:
1913:
1871:
1829:
1779:
1540:
1317:
Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetteer
1181:
641:
575:
359:
314:
1226:
528:
80:
1834:
1734:
1697:
1653:
1499:
1315:
1185:
955:
619:
611:
578:, which has been transformed into a major recreation area, with a swimming pool.
504:
422:
228:
23:. For the nearby modern Israeli settlement named after the Biblical Carmel, see
1941:
1806:
1255:
844:(in Hebrew). Vol. 6. אוניברסיטת אריאל, מדרשת הרי גופנא. pp. 201–211.
163:
1211:
642:
Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017
1956:
1881:
1842:
1763:
1684:
1552:
1462:
1311:
603:
520:
508:
482:
426:
383:
146:
133:
58:
1614:
1635:
1618:
1602:
1472:
1467:
1064:
497:
306:
69:
1058:
1918:
1689:
1640:
1625:
957:
The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700
677:
579:
568:
442:
927:
686:'Bitter waters: Settlers invade ancient pool under Palestinian control,'
1855:
1720:
1609:
1592:
1547:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1491:
909:
681:
602:
Presently, al-Karmil is inhabited by several families originating from
1235:(in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
1061:"The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version"
287:, and the other leading east to the southern end of the Dead Sea. The
1891:
1860:
1784:
1587:
1415:
1347:
470:
438:
367:
284:
248:
1232:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
881:
555:(1948–1967), the census of 1961 found 146 inhabitants in al-Karmil.
1739:
1597:
1511:
607:
349:
571:, the village was reported to have 76 residents in 17 households.
1886:
1876:
1755:
1535:
1487:
688:
615:
466:
418:
910:"Excavations at Carmel (Kh. Susiya) in 1984: Preliminary Report"
882:'The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity,'
1824:
1816:
1811:
1747:
1660:
1630:
1495:
1482:
1477:
406:
322:
240:
827:-104, with a description and good plan of the Crusader castle.
1850:
1648:
434:
326:
1107:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House. p. 148.
1506:
478:
318:
1046:
Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p.
1212:
Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964).
281:
main road crossing the hill country from north to south
1190:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 108, 254, 309.
453:"Carmel", today's Khirbat al-Karmil, was mentioned in
19:
For the Palestinian newspaper of the same name, see
950:
344:
321:erects a monument after the expedition against the
766:Calmet's Dictionary of the Holy Bible, 1832. p 280
636:
634:
500:, next to and therefore protected by the castle.
30:Municipality type D in Hebron, State of Palestine
1954:
465:. In the 1920s, a Crusader tower built over the
294:
1158:
631:
563:In 1967, in a census conducted by Israel after
305:There are three references to al-Karmil in the
283:is splitting here, one road continuing towards
863:
861:
425:to pray in "new Carmel", which lay within the
1431:
1342:
1239:
1007:
1005:
995:
993:
887:, Vol. 54, No. 3 July 2003 pp.401-421 p.413.
786:
784:
1299:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1174:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1088:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
858:
239:village located twelve kilometers south of
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867:Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp.
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597:
527:), around 1860 (E. Guillaume-Rey), 1863 (
514:
1973:Municipalities of the State of Palestine
802:Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.
775:Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.
743:Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p.
649:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
574:The site contains an ancient reservoir,
257:Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
1310:
1129:
1105:The New Israel Guide: Shefela Foothills
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813:
811:
726:
724:
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673:
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669:
590:Twice, in 2015, settler tourists under
1955:
1445:
1287:
1225:
798:
796:
253:Area A under total Palestinian control
1419:
1405:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 21:
1283:(in German). Paderborn: F. Schöningh.
1276:
1187:Crusader Castles and Modern Histories
1020:Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, pp.
907:
839:
835:
833:
558:
523:explorers visiting the site in 1938 (
496:, which he believed must have been a
457:sources in 1172/3, as the place King
45:Municipality type D (Village council)
1382:Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem
808:
730:Mader, Andreas Evaristus, 1918, pp.
713:
666:
960:. Oxford University Press. p.
793:
546:
232:
13:
1123:
1011:Ellenblum, 2007, pp. 108, 254, 309
830:
14:
1984:
1366:
1277:Mader, Andreas Evaristus (1918).
885:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
606:, who sustain themselves through
103:
1568:
1561:
1240:Guillaume-Rey, Emmanuel (1871).
345:Late Roman and Byzantine periods
102:
95:
79:
1151:
1111:
1096:
1040:
1027:
1014:
978:
874:
655:. February 2018. pp. 64–82
16:Village in West Bank, Palestine
1394:Al Karmil Village aerial photo
1378:Al Karmil Village (Fact Sheet)
1063:. Levy Economics Institute of
769:
760:
749:
737:
694:
1:
1132:"מניין באו הערבים 'היהודים'?"
431:Muslim conquest of the Levant
295:Hebrew Bible: Carmel in Judah
116:Location of al-Karmil within
1373:Welcome To Khirbat al-Karmil
625:
370:cavalry unit in the town of
313:" is mentioned as a city of
301:Carmel (biblical settlement)
273:A. E. Mader (German article)
74:Khirbat al-Karmil (official)
52:Arabic transcription(s)
7:
289:Survey of Western Palestine
10:
1989:
1800:Kheroshewesh Wal Hadedeyah
1787:• Umm Lasafa • Wadi Ubeid)
1486:(incl: Arab al-Fureijat •
1322:Cambridge University Press
1266:Palestine Exploration Fund
915:Israel Exploration Journal
298:
262:
18:
1968:Villages in the West Bank
1927:
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1118:Al-Karmil village profile
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1103:Ben-Yosef, Sefi (2001).
243:. The village is in the
1356:. Vol. 2. Boston:
1172:. Vol. 3. London:
1130:Sar-Avi, Doron (2019).
952:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome
908:Negev, Avraham (1985).
449:Crusader/Ayyubid period
441:Plant", after a common
329:the Carmelite resides (
1717:Deir al-'Asal al-Tahta
1713:Deir al-'Asal al-Fauqa
1358:Crocker & Brewster
598:Demography and economy
588:
515:19th-century explorers
487:Emmanuel Guillaume-Rey
411:Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
409:, where –according to
269:biblical archaeologist
1703:Beit ar-Rush al-Fauqa
1694:Beit ar-Rush al-Tahta
999:Pringle, 1997, p. 61]
701:West Bank Health care
584:
567:the West Bank in the
366:document mentions an
147:31.42361°N 35.13306°E
21:Al-Karmil (newspaper)
1248:Imprimerie nationale
1246:(in French). Paris:
509:Province of Filastin
459:Amalric of Jerusalem
25:Carmel, Mount Hebron
1264:. Committee of the
708:Library of Congress
255:. According to the
164:Palestine grid
143: /
1963:Hebron Governorate
1791:Khallet al-Masafer
1483:Hebron (al-Khalil)
1447:Hebron Governorate
1033:Guérin, 1869, pp.
706:2006-03-13 at the
653:State of Palestine
559:1967 and aftermath
503:Le Strange quotes
364:Notitia Dignitatum
317:, the place where
245:Hebron Governorate
215: • Total
177:State of Palestine
152:31.42361; 35.13306
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1949:
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1411:Wikimedia commons
1197:978-0-521-86083-3
984:Guérin, 1869, p.
971:978-0-19-923666-4
851:978-965-7632-13-0
756:Nabal and Abigail
651:(PCBS) (Report).
403:Bar Kokhba revolt
222:
221:
200: • Type
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1914:Wadi ash-Shajina
1872:Shuyukh al-Arrub
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1701:(Beit Mirsim •
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1498:• Qla'a Zeta •
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68: •
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1903:Umm al-Khair
1773:Khallet Edar
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1619:Khirbet Safa
1468:ad-Dhahiriya
1352:
1344:Robinson, E.
1335:0521-46010-7
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1289:Palmer, E.H.
1279:
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1214:
1201:. Retrieved
1186:
1168:
1160:Conder, C.R.
1152:Bibliography
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1125:
1120:, ARIJ, p, 7
1113:
1104:
1098:
1074:18 September
1072:. Retrieved
1065:Bard College
1054:
1042:
1029:
1016:
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956:
931:. Retrieved
919:
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710:Web Archives
696:
691:12 June 2015
657:. Retrieved
601:
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531:) and 1874 (
518:
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498:caravanserai
491:
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362:period, the
354:
348:
331:Joshua 15:55
325:, and where
307:Hebrew Bible
304:
266:
224:
223:
1899:Umm al-Butm
1896:Umm Ashoqan
1690:Beit Maqdum
1641:ash-Shuyukh
1626:Deir Sammit
1312:Pringle, D.
1268:. pp.
880:Doron Bar,
678:Gideon Levy
580:Gideon Levy
569:Six-day War
565:it occupied
551:During the
481:", i.e. to
471:arrow-slits
435:prohibition
415:Onomasticon
355:Onomasticon
339:1 Samuel 25
237:Palestinian
233:خربة الكرمل
184:Governorate
150: /
63:خربة الكرمل
1957:Categories
1856:al-Ramadin
1721:Deir Razih
1685:Beit 'Amra
1610:Beit Ummar
1593:Beit Kahil
1548:Tarqumiyah
1525:Beit Einun
1521:al-Uddeisa
1517:ad-Duwwara
1492:Al Bowereh
1463:Bani Na'im
1324:. p.
1227:Guérin, V.
1141:2024-02-18
790:Le Strange
682:Alex Levac
659:2023-10-24
323:Amalekites
299:See also:
210:Population
195:Government
138:35°07′59″E
135:31°25′25″N
1937:al-Arroub
1892:at-Tuwani
1861:ar-Rihiya
1847:an-Najada
1785:at-Tabaqa
1769:al-Karmil
1725:ad-Deirat
1709:al-Buweib
1644:(Hamrush)
1588:Beit Awwa
1348:Smith, E.
1203:1 October
933:2 October
842:במעבה ההר
626:Footnotes
537:Kitchener
439:Liquorice
389:In 1984,
360:Byzantine
285:Beersheba
277:Palestine
251:, within
249:West Bank
247:Southern
225:al-Karmil
118:Palestine
110:al-Karmil
85:Al-Karmil
37:al-Karmil
1752:Imneizil
1740:al-Heila
1728:Fuqeiqis
1671:Villages
1598:Beit Ula
1350:(1841).
1314:(1997).
1291:(1881).
1258:(1890).
1229:(1869).
1184:(2007).
1166:(1883).
1084:cite web
954:(2008).
928:27925998
704:Archived
616:orchards
582:writes:
541:churches
519:Several
455:Crusader
423:holidays
399:Karmelos
395:Chermala
372:Chermula
368:Illyrian
350:Eusebius
1887:Tarrama
1877:as-Sura
1835:al-Majd
1756:Imreish
1698:al-Burj
1539:(incl:
1536:as-Samu
1515:(incl:
1488:al-Baqa
1069:Table 2
689:Haaretz
521:Western
494:turrets
467:narthex
443:species
419:Sabbath
267:German
263:History
235:) is a
168:162/092
1942:Fawwar
1825:Kuseis
1817:al-Kum
1812:Khursa
1748:Hureiz
1661:Taffuh
1631:Kharas
1529:Kuziba
1496:Qalqas
1478:Halhul
1455:Cities
1402:, ARIJ
1396:, ARIJ
1390:, ARIJ
1384:, ARIJ
1332:
1194:
968:
926:
848:
614:, and
533:Conder
407:Susiya
311:Carmel
241:Hebron
229:Arabic
189:Hebron
59:Arabic
1882:Susya
1868:Sikka
1851:Rabud
1830:Ma'in
1821:Kurza
1764:Karma
1744:Hitta
1649:Surif
1580:Towns
1553:Yatta
1512:Sa'ir
1219:(PDF)
924:JSTOR
645:(PDF)
604:Yatta
384:Yatta
327:Nabal
315:Judah
218:9,740
173:State
70:Latin
1760:Jala
1636:Nuba
1615:Jala
1603:Qila
1507:Idna
1473:Dura
1330:ISBN
1303:(p.
1205:2020
1192:ISBN
1090:link
1076:2015
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