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Airbus A318

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540: 504:(MTOW) ranging from a 59 tonnes (130,000 lb), 2,750 kilometres (1,480 nmi; 1,710 mi) base model to a 68 t (150,000 lb), 6,000 km (3,200 nmi; 3,700 mi) version. When equipped with CFM56-5B8/P engines, the A318 is available with a 56 or 68 t (123,000 or 150,000 lb) MTOW. When equipped with CFM56-5B9/P engines, the A318 is available with a 59 or 68 t (130,000 or 150,000 lb) MTOW. The lower MTOW enables it to operate regional routes economically while sacrificing range and the higher MTOW allows it to complement other members of the A320 family on marginal routes. The lighter weight of the A318 gives it an operating range 10% greater than the A320, allowing it to serve some routes that the A320 would be unable to: London – New York, 521: 599: 40: 314:
difficulties arising out of negotiations about technology transfer and production workshare, and a weak business case. STAe, having previously expressed doubts about returns on the project, in 1998 withdrew from the project out of the failure between AIA and AVIC to reach an agreement; Airbus and AVIC would cancel the project in July that year. The A318 is believed to have emerged from the AE31X project though an Airbus-only project, named the A319M5 in March 1998, began before the AE31X cancellation.
586:, Ireland because weight restrictions are necessary in order to take off within the existing short runway length of London City Airport. On the eastbound leg from New York this limitation is not present and the aircraft can take all the fuel needed for the transatlantic route to London. As of November 2017, only one aircraft was serving the route, operated in a 32-seat all-business-class configuration. The second aircraft was retired on 31 July 2020, following the 326:, was used as early as March 1998, as an A319 derivative with fuselage shortening of 0.79 metres (2 ft 7 in) ahead of the wing and 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) behind. The final proposal was for an aircraft seating 107 passengers in a two-class layout with a range of 3,350 kilometres (1,810 nmi; 2,080 mi). The aircraft's production took advantage of laser welding, eliminating the necessity for heavy rivets and bolts. 31: 1210: 558:(EASA) certified a modified control software enhancement to the Airbus A318 designed to allow the aircraft to perform steep approaches. The aircraft is the largest commercial aircraft certified by EASA for steep approach operations. The software modifies the control laws of the aircraft when the steep approach function is selected by the crew, by automatically deploying some of the 609:
Although final assembly of A320 family aircraft takes place in Toulouse, France; Hamburg, Germany; Tianjin, China; and Mobile, Alabama, US, final assembly of the Airbus A318 was in Hamburg, Germany. The maiden flight of the Airbus A318 took place from Finkenwerder airfield in Hamburg on 15 January
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style dorsal fin extension, the final design incorporated a fin tip extension, making it 75 centimetres (30 in) taller than the other A320 variants. Pilots who are trained on the other variants may fly the A318 with no further certification, since it features a common flight deck and the same
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turbofan engines. Range was settled at 3,700 kilometres (2,000 nmi; 2,300 mi) for both standard variants, although there was a higher-gross weight version which had greater range and engine power. The AE316 and AE317 would have seated a maximum of 105 and 125 passengers in five-abreast
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Market research conducted during 1997 revealed that airlines wanted a smaller aircraft in the 70–80-seat range. As the project proceeded, there were increasing disagreements between the Chinese side and Airbus. China wanted a larger aircraft than originally envisioned. In addition, there were
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The project never went past the exploratory phase. It comprised two clean-sheet designs – the AE316 and the AE317. The AE316 would have had a length of 31.3 metres (102 ft 8 in), and the AE317, 34.5 m (113 ft 2 in). The standard versions of both variants had a maximum
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panels to provide additional drag when the aircraft is in the landing configuration. It also provides alternative aural alerts to the crew and modifies spoiler deployment automatically below 37 metres (120 ft) on landing. The A318 steep approach procedure allows the aircraft to perform
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As of 30 September 2017, 67 A318s remained in service with five airlines, in addition to governments, executive and private jets and undisclosed operators. Frontier Airlines, the launch customer that acquired A318 aircraft between 2003 and 2007, had retired their last A318 by 2013.
293:. With development costs estimated to be upwards of $ 2 billion, AVIC would have a 46 percent stake in the project, STAe 15 percent, and Airbus Industrie Asia 39 percent, the latter of which comprised Airbus and Alenia. Final assembly would have taken place in China. 570:, where such steep approaches are required. The test flight also confirmed the aircraft's compatibility with the limited maneuvering and parking space at that airport. Subsequently, in August 2009 Airbus delivered the first A318 with steep approach capability to 1793: 416:. The Airbus A318 Elite is aimed at the medium-range market for flights of up to 4,000-nautical-mile (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) range, with a choice of two cabin layouts seating up to 18 passengers, and powered by CFM engines. 380:
took deliveries in 2003, with Frontier receiving its aircraft in July of that year. The list price of an A318 ranges from $ 56 to $ 62 million, and operating costs are between $ 2,500 and $ 3,000 for each flight hour.
439:, will increase the range of the aircraft to 5,930 kilometres (3,200 nmi; 3,680 mi) – an increase of 185 km (100 nmi; 115 mi) over a standard A318 with 107 seats in a two-class configuration. 288:
signed a framework agreement that outlined the development of aircraft in the 100-seat range. The AE31X, as it was tentatively dubbed, besides being a global industrial programme would have significantly deepened
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with all other Airbus A320 family variants, allowing pilots to fly all versions of the aircraft without the need for further training. It is the largest commercial aircraft certified by the
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alternative, laws in both the U.S. and Europe have kept it in the same class as larger aircraft for calculating charges such as landing fees, limiting the type's market potential.
361:, which did not operate any A320 family aircraft at the time (although neither did TWA when the order was originally placed). While Airbus was hoping to market the A318 as a 2296: 2041: 1679: 435:
and improve efficiency through reduced fuel consumption. The optional devices, which will also be available on other Airbus A320 family models and are manufactured by
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The Airbus A318 project had its origins in the collaboration among Chinese, Singaporean and European manufacturers. In May 1997, during the visit of French President
2089: 388:. By 30 September 2017, Airbus had received 80 orders for this model compared to 69 for the 737-600. The sales pace has been influenced by the strong sales of the 1947: 1928: 446:, the A318 was the only variant that did not have a new engine option. However, Airbus said that a A318neo could be developed in the future should demand arise. 1980: 297:
take-off weight of 49.9 tonnes (110,000 lb) for the smaller version and 54.2 t (119,000 lb) for the AE317, and would have been powered by either
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and is powered by two wing pylon-mounted turbofan engines. Two suppliers provide turbofan engines for the A318, CFM International with the
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engines with maximum thrust ratings of between 96 and 106 kilonewtons (21,600 and 23,800 lbf). Launch customers Frontier Airlines and
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During the design process, the A318 encountered several problems. The first one was the decline in demand for new aircraft following the
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Overall, the A318 is over six metres shorter and around 3 t (6,600 lb) lighter than the A320. To compensate for the reduced
2819: 396:. The biggest A318 customers as of 30 September 2017 were governments, executive and private jets (20), Air France (18), 512:
and Singapore–Tokyo, for instance. Its main use for airlines, however, is on short, low-density hops between medium-sized cities.
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seating, respectively. Both would share a flight deck and fly-by-wire flight control system similar to that of the A320 family.
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A test flight was conducted in May 2006 to prove the aircraft's steep approach and short runway performance by landing at
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on 22 February 1987 after the program was launched in March 1984. The family was soon extended to include the stretched
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The Airbus A318 is a small commercial, narrow-body (single-aisle) aircraft with a retractable tricycle
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in New York. On the westbound leg from London, a stopover is necessary for refueling, which occurs at
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Orders for the A318 have been relatively slow, but slightly better than for its direct competitor the
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approaches at descent angles of up to 5.5°, as opposed to the standard 3° for a normal approach.
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service, eventually having two such aircraft capable of flights between London City Airport and
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In September 2010, Airbus confirmed that from 2013 the Airbus A318 would become available with
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Mecham, Michael (20 October 1997). "Market Tells Asia-Airbus Partners to Make Smaller Jet".
183:. The A318 carries 107 to 132 passengers and has a maximum range of 5,750 kilometres (3,100 1895: 1639: 1282: 393: 354: 330: 62: 8: 3382: 3322: 3260: 3103: 2065:"British Airways retires the A318 "BabyBus" operating the London City-New York JFK route" 1292: 1024: 567: 532: 489: 474: 207: 3272: 3267: 2997: 2876: 2851: 2648: 1595:. Vol. 152, no. 4599. London, UK: Reed Business Information. pp. 38–40. 1245: 306: 180: 3553: 3492: 3437: 3432: 3184: 2383: 2360: 1706: 1324: 602: 587: 432: 389: 358: 338: 302: 298: 214: 130: 1945:
https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC%2036-1H%20Chg%201.pdf
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https://www.britishairways.com/en-us/information/about-ba/fleet-facts/airbus-318-100
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type rating as its sister aircraft. The A318 is also referred to as the A318-100.
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2002. The first customer delivery was on 22 July 2003 to Frontier Airlines.
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was the largest operator of the Airbus A318. The type has zero accidents.
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engine and Pratt & Whitney with the PW6000 engine. It is a low-wing
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Sparaco, Pierre (26 May 1997). "Airbus, Asians Plan Regional Twinjet".
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Sparaco, Pierre (13 July 1998). "Europeans, Chinese Terminate AE31X".
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cancelled a significant order for fifty A318s after being acquired by
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for steep approach operations, allowing flights at airports such as
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became the launch customer by ordering three A318 Elite aircraft.
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Data through end of September 2017. Updated 7 October 2017.
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engines, which burned more fuel than expected. By the time
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Mach 0.82 (871 km/h; 470 kn; 541 mph)
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Mach 0.78 (829 km/h; 447 kn; 515 mph)
1390:"Airbus aircraft Orders and Deliveries (updated monthly)" 2359:. Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK: Haynes Publishing. 2004:"First British Airways A318 arrives at London Gatwick" 492:. While initial concepts depicted the aircraft with a 1409: 1407: 628:
As of February 2024, Airbus A318 operators are:
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The first member of the A320 aircraft family was the
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Official Airbus website of the A320 aircraft family
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
2375: 1499: 1404: 500:The A318 is available with a variety of different 2636: 3535: 1970: 1757: 1755: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 191:). Final assembly of the aircraft took place in 2438: 2001: 1828:"A318 to be available with sharklets from 2013" 1492:"New family members mean Airbus means business" 1888: 1543: 1541: 1490:Condom, Pierre; Sutton, Oliver (1 June 1997). 1045:4,200 nmi (7,780 km; 4,830 mi) 1034:3,100 nmi (5,740 km; 3,570 mi) 2813: 2424: 2122: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1825: 1752: 1371: 1348:The Airbus A318 is built in Hamburg, Germany. 1089:39,100–41,000 ft (11,900–12,500 m) 2373: 1821: 1819: 1558: 1556: 1547: 1489: 1474: 515: 2257: 2255: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 1538: 1485: 1483: 1440: 1438: 1436: 213:The A318 entered service in July 2003 with 175:is the smallest and least numerous variant 2820: 2806: 2431: 2417: 1957: 1670:Moxon, Julian; Lewis, Paul (8 July 1998). 1669: 333:. Another was the new Pratt & Whitney 2318: 2316: 2314: 2002:Kaminski-Morrow, David (29 August 2009). 1816: 1672:"Airbus Industrie and AVIC abandon AE31X" 1553: 1521: 1519: 412:On 10 November 2005 Airbus announced the 2252: 2219: 2187: 2140: 1700: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1480: 1433: 687: 662:Governments, Executive and Private Jets 597: 538: 519: 2351: 2165: 2163: 2128: 2114:(Press release). Airbus. Archived from 1761: 1724: 1722: 1703:The Global Commercial Aviation Industry 1562: 1525: 1079:24,210 L (6,400 US gal) 407: 3536: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2382:. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing. 2311: 2240:from the original on 11 September 2016 1617: 1516: 905:34.10 m (111 ft 11 in) 593: 547:(left) and one Airbus A318 (right) at 2801: 2452: 2412: 2200:. FAA. 12 August 2016. Archived from 2141:Nickeson, Blaine (6 September 2013). 2062: 1870:from the original on 29 December 2018 1632: 1586: 1575: 1119:96–106 kN (22,000–24,000 lb 916:122.4 m (1,318 sq ft) 895:31.44 m (103 ft 2 in) 860:117 at 32 in (81 cm) pitch 849:132 at 29–30 in (74–76 cm) 590:which deemed such type uneconomical. 580:John F. Kennedy International Airport 442:When Airbus announced its re-engined 250:(first delivery 1994), the shortened 2467: 2374:Norris, Guy and Mark Wagner (1999). 2273:from the original on 27 January 2017 2176:. EASA. 28 June 2016. Archived from 2160: 2014:from the original on 1 December 2017 1889:Kingsley-Jones, Max (15 June 1999). 1719: 1651:from the original on 27 October 2017 1620:Aviation Week & Space Technology 1565:Aviation Week & Space Technology 1528:Aviation Week & Space Technology 935:12.56 m (41 ft 2 in) 872:at 38 in (97 cm) pitch, 99 624:List of Airbus A320 family operators 322:The internal corporate designation, 2827: 1826:Ostrower, Jon (23 September 2010). 1800:. 30 September 2017. Archived from 1496:Interavia Business & Technology 946:3.70 m (12 ft 2 in) 869: 527:Airbus A318, with doors L2 and R2 ( 13: 2234:"All About the Airbus A320 Family" 1740:from the original on 30 March 2019 1682:from the original on 24 April 2017 887:21.2 m (750 cu ft) 14: 3570: 2397: 2299:from the original on 3 April 2016 2112:"A318 takes off on maiden flight" 2044:from the original on 5 March 2016 1907:from the original on 5 March 2016 1633:Lewis, Paul (16 September 1997). 1599:from the original on 22 June 2012 1000:68,000 kg (150,000 lb) 989:57,500 kg (126,800 lb) 978:54,500 kg (120,200 lb) 813: 16:Airliner, part of the A320 family 1971:Learmount, David (13 May 2006). 1587:Lewis, Paul (11 November 1997). 1415:"A318 Dimensions & key data" 1392:. Airbus S.A.S. 30 November 2021 1208: 967:39,500 kg (87,100 lb) 404:(12) and Frontier Airlines (9). 278:Singapore Technologies Aerospace 38: 29: 2285: 2134: 2104: 2082: 2056: 2026: 1995: 1938: 1919: 1882: 1850: 1786: 1767: 1694: 1663: 1626: 1611: 1108:56.5 in (1.44 m) fan 873: 556:European Aviation Safety Agency 368:The aircraft is powered by two 317: 204:European Aviation Safety Agency 1468: 1351: 1342: 1103:68.3 in (1.73 m) fan 228: 1: 3549:2000s international airliners 2195:"Type Certificate Data Sheet" 2171:"Type Certificate Data Sheet" 2063:Orban, André (31 July 2020). 1730:"Airbus examines A319 shrink" 1330: 1315:List of Airbus A320 operators 1168:CFM International CFM56-5B9/P 1155:CFM International CFM56-5B8/P 1069:1,230 m (4,040 ft) 1057:1,780 m (5,840 ft) 437:Korean Air Aerospace Division 291:Sino-European commercial ties 233: 198:The aircraft shares a common 1635:"STAe thinks again on AE31X" 876:at 32 in (81 cm)) 672: 664: 656: 646: 617: 605:was the first A318 operator. 402:GE Capital Aviation Services 274:Aviation Industries of China 7: 2263:"Airbus Aircraft Data File" 1201: 1194:Pratt & Whitney PW6124A 1181:Pratt & Whitney PW6122A 819:Airbus A318 specifications 697: 10: 3575: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2684: 2677: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2647: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2357:Airbus: The Complete Story 1794:"Boeing 737 Model Summary" 1705:. Routledge. p. 291. 1129: 705: 694:List of Airbus A320 orders 691: 621: 374:Pratt & Whitney PW6000 3501: 3415: 3396: 3357: 3341: 3298: 3231: 3222: 3177: 3096: 3052: 2966: 2904: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2777: 2768: 2761: 2755: 2748: 2746: 2739: 2735: 2728: 2726: 2718: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2645: 2643: 2634: 2632: 2624: 2447: 2344:"World Airliner Census". 2267:Civil Jet Aircraft Design 957:3.95 m (13 ft) 702: 516:Steep approach capability 449: 159: 151: 140:15 January 2002 136: 125: 117: 112: 104: 88: 76: 68: 58: 53: 37: 28: 23: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2326:. Airbus. Archived from 2293:"A320 Family Technology" 2034:"Club World London City" 1931:15 December 2016 at the 1701:Eriksson, Soren (2015). 1548:Norris & Wagner 1999 1475:Norris & Wagner 1999 1417:. Airbus. Archived from 1278:Bombardier CRJ700 series 973:Maximum zero-fuel weight 502:maximum take-off weights 2269:. Elsevier. July 1999. 1935:Retrieved 29 June 2017. 995:Maximum take-off weight 48:, its largest operator. 1903:(4680): 150, 153–154. 984:Maximum landing weight 963:Operating empty weight 670:Undisclosed operators 606: 576:Club World London City 551: 536: 259:flight control systems 2183:on 15 September 2016. 1954:Retrieved 7 May 2017. 1320:List of jet airliners 1224:Airbus Corporate Jets 688:Orders and deliveries 601: 542: 523: 351:America West Airlines 2442:airliners production 2346:Flight International 2100:on 22 February 2017. 1983:on 17 September 2007 1896:Flight International 1838:on 25 September 2010 1640:Flight International 1593:Flight International 543:Two British Airways 469:with a conventional 408:Further developments 394:Embraer E-Jet family 355:Trans World Airlines 331:September 11 attacks 63:Narrow-body airliner 2330:on 1 December 2016. 2207:on 23 December 2016 1866:. 1 December 2010. 1804:on 21 November 2018 1293:Sukhoi Superjet 100 1230:Related development 1050:Takeoff (MTOW, SL, 820: 594:Operational history 568:London City Airport 554:In March 2006, the 533:London City Airport 490:vertical stabiliser 475:vertical stabilizer 307:Pratt & Whitney 54:General information 3559:Airbus A320 family 2649:Airbus A320 family 2038:britishairways.com 1950:4 May 2017 at the 1779:4 May 2008 at the 1589:"Time out in Asia" 1456:on 17 January 2013 1421:on 3 December 2016 1357:In limited service 1246:Airbus A320 family 1140:Certification Date 1062:Landing (MLW, SL, 818: 607: 552: 537: 488:, it has a larger 181:Airbus A320 family 44:An Airbus A318 of 3531: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3218: 3217: 2962: 2961: 2795: 2794: 2772: 2771: 2389:978-0-7603-0677-2 2366:978-1-84425-585-6 1712:978-1-136-67239-2 1325:Lists of airlines 1199: 1198: 1127: 1126: 865:2-class, typical 857:1-class, typical 810: 804: 803: 685: 684: 603:Frontier Airlines 588:COVID-19 pandemic 433:lift-induced drag 390:Bombardier CRJ900 359:American Airlines 339:CFM International 303:CFM International 215:Frontier Airlines 169: 168: 131:Frontier Airlines 126:Introduction date 3566: 3229: 3228: 2848: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2822: 2815: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2638: 2450: 2449: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2393: 2381: 2370: 2332: 2331: 2320: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236:. Airbus. 2009. 2230: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2206: 2199: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2096:. Archived from 2086: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2019: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1979:. Archived from 1968: 1955: 1942: 1936: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1891:"Cut and Thrust" 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1834:. Archived from 1823: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1790: 1784: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1736:. 4 March 1998. 1734:Flightglobal.com 1726: 1717: 1716: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1584: 1573: 1572: 1560: 1551: 1545: 1536: 1535: 1523: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1503: 1498:. Archived from 1487: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1452:. Archived from 1446:"Steep approach" 1442: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1386: 1358: 1355: 1349: 1346: 1218: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1190:21 December 2005 1177:21 December 2005 1134: 1133: 875: 871: 821: 817: 806: 698: 631: 630: 473:having a single 398:Avianca Holdings 147: 145: 42: 33: 21: 20: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3544:Airbus aircraft 3534: 3533: 3532: 3523: 3497: 3411: 3392: 3353: 3342:Maritime patrol 3337: 3294: 3214: 3173: 3092: 3048: 2958: 2900: 2832: 2826: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2773: 2443: 2437: 2400: 2390: 2367: 2336: 2335: 2322: 2321: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2232: 2231: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2147:AirlineReporter 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2118:on 8 July 2011. 2110: 2109: 2105: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2032: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1969: 1958: 1952:Wayback Machine 1943: 1939: 1933:Wayback Machine 1924: 1920: 1910: 1908: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1839: 1824: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1781:Wayback Machine 1772: 1768: 1760: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1728: 1727: 1720: 1713: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1631: 1627: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1585: 1576: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1539: 1524: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1488: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1459: 1457: 1444: 1443: 1434: 1424: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1372: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1303:Yakovlev Yak-42 1216:Aviation portal 1214: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1132: 1122: 1104: 1005:Cruising speed 921:Wing sweepback 816: 696: 690: 626: 620: 596: 584:Shannon Airport 572:British Airways 545:Boeing 747-400s 525:British Airways 518: 452: 429:wingtip devices 418:Comlux Aviation 410: 347:British Airways 320: 299:BMW Rolls-Royce 236: 231: 143: 141: 100: 69:National origin 49: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3572: 3562: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3389:joint venture) 3380: 3379:joint venture) 3370: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3235: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3007: 3006: 3005: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2983: 2978: 2972: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2874: 2873: 2872: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2668:A320neo family 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2399: 2398:External links 2396: 2395: 2394: 2388: 2371: 2365: 2349: 2341: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2310: 2284: 2251: 2218: 2186: 2159: 2133: 2121: 2103: 2081: 2055: 2025: 1994: 1956: 1937: 1918: 1881: 1849: 1815: 1785: 1766: 1751: 1718: 1711: 1693: 1662: 1625: 1610: 1574: 1552: 1537: 1515: 1504:on 2 July 2016 1479: 1467: 1432: 1403: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1350: 1340: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1298:Tupolev Tu-334 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1273:Boeing 737-600 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258:Antonov An-158 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1227: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137:Aircraft Model 1131: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1110: 1109: 1098: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1002: 1001: 998: 991: 990: 987: 980: 979: 976: 969: 968: 965: 959: 958: 955: 948: 947: 944: 937: 936: 933: 926: 925: 922: 918: 917: 914: 907: 906: 903: 897: 896: 893: 889: 888: 885: 878: 877: 866: 862: 861: 858: 854: 853: 847: 840: 839: 836: 832: 831: 828: 815: 814:Specifications 812: 802: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 755: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 708: 707: 704: 701: 689: 686: 683: 682: 679: 675: 674: 671: 667: 666: 663: 659: 658: 655: 649: 648: 645: 639: 638: 635: 619: 616: 595: 592: 531:) plugged, at 529:overwing exits 517: 514: 451: 448: 444:A320neo family 409: 406: 386:Boeing 737-600 319: 316: 270:Jacques Chirac 235: 232: 230: 227: 185:nautical miles 167: 166: 161: 160:Developed from 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 138: 134: 133: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 96: 90: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 72:Multi-national 70: 66: 65: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3571: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2776: 2766: 2754: 2751: 2744: 2734: 2731: 2717: 2714: 2704: 2695: 2691: 2680: 2672: 2669: 2655: 2650: 2642: 2639: 2623: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2391: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2353:Gunston, Bill 2350: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2256: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2203: 2196: 2190: 2179: 2172: 2166: 2164: 2148: 2144: 2137: 2131:, p. 223 2130: 2125: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2070: 2069:Aviation24.be 2066: 2059: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2013: 2009: 2005: 1998: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1885: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1822: 1820: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1764:, p. 222 1763: 1758: 1756: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1723: 1714: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1629: 1621: 1614: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1570: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1520: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1484: 1476: 1471: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1408: 1391: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1354: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1309:Related lists 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1206: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1075:Fuel capacity 1073: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1003: 999: 996: 993: 992: 988: 985: 982: 981: 977: 974: 971: 970: 966: 964: 961: 960: 956: 953: 950: 949: 945: 942: 939: 938: 934: 931: 928: 927: 923: 920: 919: 915: 912: 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 898: 894: 891: 890: 886: 883: 880: 879: 867: 864: 863: 859: 856: 855: 852: 848: 846: 843:1-class max. 842: 841: 837: 834: 833: 829: 826: 823: 822: 811: 809: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 760: 757: 756: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 709: 700: 699: 695: 680: 677: 676: 669: 668: 661: 660: 654: 651: 650: 644: 641: 640: 637:In Operation 636: 633: 632: 629: 625: 615: 611: 604: 600: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 561: 557: 550: 546: 541: 534: 530: 526: 522: 513: 511: 507: 503: 498: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 465: 461: 457: 447: 445: 440: 438: 434: 431:which reduce 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 405: 403: 400:(15), lessor 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 379: 375: 371: 366: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 327: 325: 315: 311: 308: 304: 300: 294: 292: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 261:, as well as 260: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 226: 224: 220: 216: 211: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 165: 162: 158: 154: 150: 139: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 107: 103: 99: 94: 91: 89:Primary users 87: 84: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 64: 61: 57: 52: 47: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 3403: 3364: 3327: 3178:Experimental 3074: 2980: 2859: 2377: 2356: 2345: 2339:Bibliography 2328:the original 2301:. Retrieved 2287: 2275:. Retrieved 2266: 2242:. Retrieved 2209:. Retrieved 2202:the original 2189: 2178:the original 2150:. Retrieved 2146: 2136: 2129:Gunston 2009 2124: 2116:the original 2106: 2098:the original 2093: 2084: 2072:. Retrieved 2068: 2058: 2046:. Retrieved 2037: 2028: 2016:. Retrieved 2008:Flightglobal 2007: 1997: 1985:. Retrieved 1981:the original 1977:Flightglobal 1976: 1940: 1921: 1909:. Retrieved 1900: 1894: 1884: 1872:. Retrieved 1863:Flightglobal 1861: 1852: 1840:. Retrieved 1836:the original 1832:Flightglobal 1831: 1806:. Retrieved 1802:the original 1797: 1788: 1769: 1762:Gunston 2009 1742:. Retrieved 1733: 1702: 1696: 1684:. Retrieved 1676:Flightglobal 1675: 1665: 1653:. Retrieved 1647:(4591): 10. 1644: 1638: 1628: 1619: 1613: 1601:. Retrieved 1592: 1568: 1564: 1550:, p. 87 1534:(22): 24–25. 1531: 1527: 1506:. Retrieved 1501:the original 1495: 1477:, p. 50 1470: 1458:. Retrieved 1454:the original 1449: 1423:. Retrieved 1419:the original 1394:. Retrieved 1353: 1344: 1308: 1307: 1251: 1250: 1229: 1228: 807: 805: 627: 612: 608: 565: 553: 549:New York–JFK 499: 483: 456:landing gear 453: 441: 424: 422: 413: 411: 383: 367: 363:regional jet 328: 323: 321: 318:Design phase 312: 295: 267: 237: 221:narrowbody. 212: 197: 172: 170: 155:2003–present 137:First flight 118:Manufactured 105:Number built 95:(historical) 78:Manufacturer 18: 3473:EC725/H225M 3458:EC645/H145M 3453:EC635/H135M 3433:AS550/H125M 3428:AS532/H215M 3416:Helicopters 3407:(cancelled) 3387:Eurofighter 3331:(cancelled) 3097:Helicopters 3078:(cancelled) 2905:Other types 2852:A320 family 2783:Narrow-body 2765:Airbus A380 2750:Airbus A350 2743:Airbus A340 2713:Airbus A330 2694:Airbus A300 2679:Airbus A310 2637:Airbus A220 1774:New Bizjets 1603:26 February 1283:Embraer 195 1241:Airbus A319 1236:Airbus A220 1164:23 May 2003 1151:23 May 2003 835:Exit Limit 706:Deliveries 256:fly-by-wire 229:Development 208:London City 200:type rating 173:Airbus A318 164:Airbus A319 3538:Categories 3368:(proposed) 3232:Transports 3185:CityAirbus 3154:AS350/H125 3149:AS332/H215 3144:EC225/H225 3139:EC175/H175 3129:EC155/H155 3124:EC145/H145 3119:EC135/H135 3114:EC130/H130 3109:EC120/H120 3053:Freighters 2303:11 October 2295:. Airbus. 2277:11 October 2244:11 October 2211:11 October 1798:boeing.com 1571:(2): 56–7. 1450:airbus.com 1425:11 October 1396:9 December 1365:References 1331:References 1288:Fokker 100 1268:Boeing 717 1263:Avro RJ100 692:See also: 643:Air France 622:See also: 494:Boeing 737 486:moment arm 464:cantilever 414:A318 Elite 378:Air France 272:to China, 265:controls. 263:side stick 244:first flew 234:Background 223:Air France 152:In service 144:2002-01-15 129:2003 with 93:Air France 46:Air France 3509:Barracuda 3405:Mako/HEAT 3318:A330 MRTT 3306:A310 MRTT 3256:A330 MRTT 3060:A300-600F 2968:Corporate 2844:Airliners 2789:Wide-body 1911:3 January 1808:7 October 1783:Ainonline 1336:Footnotes 1027:(typical 884:capacity 634:Operator 618:Operators 471:tail unit 467:monoplane 425:Sharklets 343:Air China 121:2001–2013 3554:Twinjets 3448:AS565 UC 3397:Trainers 3358:Fighters 3349:A319 MPA 3239:A310 MRT 3224:Military 3088:BelugaXL 2837:Civilian 2831:aircraft 2355:(2009). 2324:"ACJ318" 2297:Archived 2271:Archived 2238:Archived 2152:27 March 2074:24 March 2042:Archived 2012:Archived 1948:Archived 1929:Archived 1905:Archived 1868:Archived 1777:Archived 1744:30 March 1738:Archived 1686:23 April 1680:Archived 1649:Archived 1597:Archived 1202:See also 1187:A318-122 1174:A318-121 1161:A318-112 1148:A318-111 1143:Engines 1101:CFM56-5B 1013:Maximum 952:Fuselage 901:Wingspan 510:Auckland 460:CFM56-5B 335:turbofan 280:(STAe), 276:(AVIC), 242:, which 187:; 3,570 177:airliner 3519:Wingman 3383:Typhoon 3377:Panavia 3373:Tornado 3311:CC-150T 3299:Tankers 3200:MAVERIC 3195:E-Fan X 3134:H160/X4 2730:A330neo 2048:2 March 1987:1 April 1842:1 April 1655:12 July 1508:15 July 1460:1 April 1130:Engines 1095:Engines 1085:Ceiling 1029:payload 997:(MTOW) 975:(MZFW) 932:height 892:Length 845:seating 825:Cockpit 717:Backlog 703:Orders 560:spoiler 370:CFM56-5 193:Hamburg 179:of the 142: ( 113:History 3514:VSR700 3423:AAS-72 3323:CC-330 3288:HC-144 3283:CN-235 3261:CC-330 3251:A320MA 3244:CC-150 3104:BK 117 3083:Beluga 3044:ACJ380 3039:ACJ350 3034:ACJ340 3022:ACJ330 3010:ACJ321 2998:ACJ320 2986:ACJ319 2981:ACJ318 2976:ACJ220 2829:Airbus 2787:  2781:  2468:2020s 2465:2010s 2462:2000s 2459:1990s 2456:1980s 2453:1970s 2440:Airbus 2386:  2378:Airbus 2363:  2094:airbus 1874:21 May 1709:  1114:Thrust 1106:PW6000 1042:range 986:(MLW) 954:width 943:width 868:107 (8 479:rudder 450:Design 324:A319M5 286:Alenia 282:Airbus 83:Airbus 3488:H-145 3468:EC665 3463:H160M 3443:AS565 3438:AS555 3329:KC-45 3278:C-295 3273:C-212 3268:A400M 3190:E-Fan 3164:AS365 3159:AS355 3076:A380F 3070:A350F 3065:A330F 2205:(PDF) 2198:(PDF) 2181:(PDF) 2174:(PDF) 2018:2 May 1622:: 63. 1116:(×2) 1097:(×2) 1025:Range 1015:speed 941:Cabin 913:area 882:Cargo 851:pitch 827:crew 758:A318 753:2003 714:Total 678:Total 653:TAROM 506:Perth 305:, or 189:miles 98:TAROM 3502:UAVs 3493:NH90 3483:H-72 3478:H-65 3205:THOR 2949:A380 2944:A350 2939:A340 2927:A330 2922:A310 2917:A300 2912:A220 2889:A321 2877:A320 2865:A319 2860:A318 2384:ISBN 2361:ISBN 2305:2016 2279:2016 2246:2016 2213:2016 2154:2023 2076:2022 2050:2016 2020:2017 1989:2015 1913:2016 1876:2013 1844:2015 1810:2017 1746:2019 1707:ISBN 1688:2017 1657:2017 1605:2011 1510:2017 1462:2015 1427:2016 1398:2021 930:Tail 924:25° 911:Wing 838:136 830:Two 750:2004 747:2005 744:2006 741:2007 738:2008 735:2009 732:2010 729:2011 726:2012 723:2013 720:2014 711:Type 477:and 392:and 345:and 284:and 252:A319 248:A321 240:A320 219:A220 171:The 59:Role 24:A318 3366:NGS 3027:neo 3003:neo 2991:neo 2954:NSR 2932:neo 2894:neo 2882:neo 2870:neo 1901:155 1645:152 1569:149 1532:146 1064:ISA 1052:ISA 1040:ACJ 681:58 673:30 665:18 372:or 3540:: 3169:X6 3015:LR 2620:3 2608:9 2578:9 2548:9 2518:9 2488:9 2313:^ 2265:. 2254:^ 2221:^ 2162:^ 2145:. 2092:. 2067:. 2040:. 2036:. 2010:. 2006:. 1975:. 1959:^ 1899:. 1893:. 1860:. 1830:. 1818:^ 1796:. 1754:^ 1732:. 1721:^ 1678:. 1674:. 1643:. 1637:. 1591:. 1577:^ 1567:. 1555:^ 1540:^ 1530:. 1518:^ 1494:. 1482:^ 1448:. 1435:^ 1406:^ 1373:^ 1123:) 1066:) 1054:) 1031:) 800:9 797:10 788:17 785:13 761:81 657:4 647:6 481:. 427:, 349:. 301:, 210:. 108:80 3385:( 3375:( 3210:X 2821:e 2814:t 2807:v 2617:2 2614:1 2611:0 2605:8 2602:7 2599:6 2596:5 2593:4 2590:3 2587:2 2584:1 2581:0 2575:8 2572:7 2569:6 2566:5 2563:4 2560:3 2557:2 2554:1 2551:0 2545:8 2542:7 2539:6 2536:5 2533:4 2530:3 2527:2 2524:1 2521:0 2515:8 2512:7 2509:6 2506:5 2503:4 2500:3 2497:2 2494:1 2491:0 2485:8 2482:7 2479:6 2476:5 2473:4 2432:e 2425:t 2418:v 2392:. 2369:. 2307:. 2281:. 2248:. 2215:. 2156:. 2078:. 2052:. 2022:. 1991:. 1915:. 1878:. 1846:. 1812:. 1748:. 1715:. 1690:. 1659:. 1607:. 1512:. 1464:. 1429:. 1400:. 1121:f 874:Y 870:F 794:9 791:8 782:6 779:2 776:2 773:3 770:2 767:— 764:— 535:. 508:– 146:)

Index


aircraft taking off with wheels not retracted
Air France
Narrow-body airliner
Manufacturer
Airbus
Air France
TAROM
Frontier Airlines
Airbus A319
airliner
Airbus A320 family
nautical miles
miles
Hamburg
type rating
European Aviation Safety Agency
London City
Frontier Airlines
A220
Air France
A320
first flew
A321
A319
fly-by-wire
flight control systems
side stick
Jacques Chirac
Aviation Industries of China

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