Air Transport Command

392: 1109:

Contract Air Cargo Division managed by former airline executives, who established routes outside the United States to Alaska, the upper Atlantic, and Central America. Many of the routes and services duplicated those of the Ferrying Command. Expedient attempts by Headquarters AAF to establish a clear division of authority were unsuccessful, particularly after the 50th Transport Wing was transferred at the end of April 1942 to a newly created organization, the "Air Transport Command" (a combat organization). This left ASC with only its civilian carriers, of which considerable friction existed with Ferrying Command which had let conflicting contracts to different carriers.

419:, the mission of the new command was, first, "to move aircraft by air from factories to such terminals as may be designated by the Chief of the Air Corps," and second, "to maintain such special air ferry services as may be required to meet specific situations." These were broad powers, and working within them, the Ferrying Command eventually expanded far beyond the limits imagined by those responsible for its creation. The second assignment provided specific authority for the establishment of a military air transport service over the North Atlantic between the US and the United Kingdom, a project which had been under consideration for some months. 151: 169: 1237:, a militarized transport version of the DC-4. The C-54 in particular took over the C-87's duties in long-distance, over-water transport flights. In the China-India theater, the C-54, with nearly five times the load capacity of the C-47 and twice that of the C-46, significantly increased cargo tonnage levels flown to China, becoming the primary lifter for Hump operations. Even though the C-54 had a service ceiling of only 12,000 feet, plans were made to replace all the C-87s in the Hump operation with Skymasters by October 1945, and have 540 assigned by April 1946 to bring load capability up to 86,000 tons monthly. 53: 208: 69: 1272:(150,000). By the end of the war the command had 3,090 major transports assigned. Although in the first half of 1944 the C-46 appeared to be headed for ascendancy as the predominant transport type of the command, and ATC more than tripled its inventory of C-54s in the final year of the war to 839 transports, the C-47 remained the workhorse transport of ATC throughout the conflict, never exceeded in total by any other type. Its numbers remained steady throughout 1942 and 1943, but increased dramatically in the last 18 months of the war, rising to a total of 1,341. 93: 110: 1154:

experienced civil airline pilots, radio operators, and other aircrew personnel from the airlines to crew transports that had been purchased by the Army from civilian sources. ATC's original mission was ferrying airplanes to overseas destinations, a mission that had been originally performed by the AAF Ferrying Command that preceded it and from which ATC headquarters military personnel were drawn. As the war progressed, ATC's air transport division became more and more involved in transporting military personnel and cargo overseas.

193: 61: 1166:

bases, and their replacement. Thousands of bombers, transport aircraft and fighters flown by combat crews on their way overseas were under ATC control during these movements. Ferrying of combat aircraft by ATC personnel became a major ATC mission to the end of the war as vast numbers of replacement aircraft had to be transferred from factory to combat theaters. The command ferried 30,000 aircraft in 1942, 72,000 in 1943, 108,000 in 1944, and 57,000 in 1945, for a total of more than 267,000 in all.

1487:). From the Ports of Embarkation, aircraft were flown to final overseas destinations primarily by contracted civil airline pilots or former airline pilots serving in the AAF. The ATC Ferrying Division was also responsible for the preparation for and movement of combat units overseas and for the movement of replacement aircraft and crews, who were temporarily assigned to the ATC Ferrying Division from the time they left the United States until they arrived at their assigned theater. 160: 860: 1039: 371:

Force to defend Great Britain. It was also clear that the pioneering efforts of the British would have to be expanded to accommodate the increased number of aircraft. However, the United States was not a belligerent nation and it was also a period of extreme diplomatic delicacy, when aircraft purchased by the British had to be literally pushed across the US-Canada border in order to protect the neutrality of the United States.

1268:. While not limited to rescuing ATC pilots the main role was that of insuring a rescue of ATC pilots who were downed on the first leg of the southern trans-Atlantic route to Europe and SE Asia. In areas where ATC aircraft flew where there were a possibility of hostile aircraft or ships, other services provided air to sea rescue. ATC rescue services operated only in areas where there was nil chance of armed encounter. 1047:

factories to Canada and onward to Britain or to US ports of embarkation. Probably no one then foresaw that a network of long-range transport routes, supporting the daily movement of hundreds of tons of supplies and thousands of passengers, would spread across the world and that daily flights to such remote areas as the Aleutians, Australia, the Philippines, India, and China would become commonplace.

1059:(ATA), representing the domestic carriers, had developed a mobilization plan between 1936 and 1939 to provide this support through contract services. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8974 on 13 December 1941, which gave the Secretary of War authority to nationalize the airlines, but except for several instances early in 1942 to meet specific emergencies, the order was not invoked. ATA president 2960: 453:(RAF) from factories in the western and central United States to transfer points on the Atlantic seaboard required the establishment of routes over which the aircraft could be flown. Support stations were set up at civilian as well as military airports for the aircraft to be refueled and any necessary servicing performed. The aircraft factories, particularly the 1249:. When the first B-29s were sent to China, advance party personnel and additional combat crew personnel proceeded the bombers aboard ATC C-87s. On return flights, C-87s and C-54s brought back combat crews who had finished their combat tours and were returning to the States. At the end of the war, ATC C-54s transported 11th Airborne Division personnel from 1301:

on the other hand, thought that ATC should be developed into a national government operated airline, an idea that was soundly opposed by the airline industry. While the war had firmly established the necessity of a troop carrier mission, most military officers believed the role performed by ATC should be provided by contract carriers.

1214:, was commissioned a colonel in ATC and made its executive officer, thereafter assuming the positions of Chief of Staff and Deputy Commander. During his tenure as Chief of Staff, Smith was largely responsible for ATC's considerable expansion in operations. In the same year, Smith proposed that ATC assume responsibility for 1075:

The civil airlines, in addition to having the available flying personnel (most of whom had learned to fly in the Air Corps) and physical equipment, had another equally valuable though less tangible asset. They had the wealth of practical knowledge in conducting scheduled air transport operations, the

1024:

During the thirteen months of its existence, Ferrying Command had grown from an original staff of two officers and a civilian secretary to a strength of over 11,000 officers and enlisted men, in addition to its civilian employees and those of the civil air carriers operating under its supervision. As

856:

aircraft at their highest efficiency, an air transport system for the rapid delivery of spare engines and parts, auxiliary equipment of all kinds, flight crews, and ground personnel became an absolute necessity, and supplementary to the traditional and considerably slower method of surface transport.

687:

After Pearl Harbor, the scope of Ferrying Command's mission within the United States expanded to the domestic ferrying of all multi-engine Army aircraft, all British and Lend-Lease aircraft, and with the air movement of troops by domestic airlines as well. On 3 January 1942, the wing was divided into

342:

aircraft was the result of several factors. Production of aircraft by United States manufacturers was increasing for both the Army Air Corps and for purchase by the British. As produced and ready for delivery at the factory, these aircraft were flyable but also needed modifications before they were

273:

By no means least among the achievements of the Army Air Forces (AAF) in World War II was its development of a worldwide system of air transport. The development of transport aircraft in the 1920s and 1930s added a new dimension to the art of warfare, and around its varied capacities the AAF built an

1046:

Air transport services conducted by the Ferrying Command (before the Pearl Harbor attack), were first to Britain beginning July 1941 and later in October to Cairo. They were like courier services and were secondary to the major job for which the command was created, that of ferrying aircraft from US

370:

in March 1941 the United States stated its intention to assist the British in its war efforts and was a statement of the desire of Congress and the people of the United States to that effect. With that clear intention, the doors were opened for larger numbers of aircraft to be sent to the Royal Air

346:

United States civilian pilots, contracted by the British, would pick up their aircraft at the production facility and fly them to designated transfer points in the Montreal area where the modifications could be made. From Montreal, a Canadian civilian agency under contract to the British government

1300:

With the end of the war, the Air Transport Command found itself in limbo. Senior USAAF authorities considered ATC to be a wartime necessity that was no longer needed, and expected its civilian personnel, including former airline pilots, to return to their peacetime occupations. Senior ATC officers,

1169:

In addition, five major field organizations, known as wings, were constituted on 12 June 1942 and activated at various dates during the latter part of the month. Initially, they were known as the 23d through the 27th AAF Ferrying wings, but the command quickly requested and secured a change to more

1108:

to move technical cargo between air depots and subdepots. In the first half of 1941 the ASC moved more cargo domestically than all the civilian carriers in the United States. Several months after the war began, demands for materiel forced ASC to use civilian carriers on a contract basis, creating a

1091:

advocating the establishment of a civilian air transportation service reporting directly to the President to operate airline contracts for the military, an idea that had been broached during the development period of ATA-Air Corps mobilization plan. In response, General Arnold proposed that the AAF

1071:

The ferrying activity continued to increase as more aircraft were turned out by the factories, as new combat units became ready for deployment overseas, and as the need for battle replacements grew more and more emphasis came to be placed on the air transportation function. Air transport had passed

351:

to Prestwick (near Glasgow) (Scotland / UK) under the auspices of a private British company, set up by the British Government for that purpose. By ferrying these bombers under their own power, vital shipping space was saved and factory-to-combat delivery time was cut from approximately three months

1275:

Routes had been established to places where aircraft had been unheard of before the war. Airline personnel who had never left the United States before joining the military had become veterans of long over-water flights to the remotest regions of earth. In its final full month of wartime operations

1165:

The newly designated Air Transport Command consisted of two main divisions, the Ferrying Division and the Air Transportation Division, corresponding roughly to the two primary responsibilities of the command. The ATC Ferrying Division was responsible for the transfer of combat aircraft to overseas

1149:

to create its own air transportation service were halted when the SOS agreed to transfer to the AAF all of its air transportation responsibilities and its responsibility for setting priorities for travel by military and commercial aircraft. The Contract Air Cargo Division was terminated by ASC and

374:

These shipments to the British caused a shortage in the United States of multi-engine aircraft in particular. Air Corps units were in need of training in long-range navigation, weather and radio-flying that a coast-to-coast ferrying service would give them in the latest models of aircraft. On 12

282:

ATC's origins begin during World War I with the need to transport aircraft supplies and materiel from the aircraft manufacturers to the maintenance facilities supporting the training bases in the United States. Railroads were used to move the equipment and aircraft from one base to another and to

1271:

By the end of World War II, Air Transport Command had developed into a huge military air carrier with a worldwide route pattern. From an organization of approximately 37,000 personnel (6,500 of them overseas) in December 1942, it numbered nearly 210,000 in August 1945, the bulk stationed overseas

1112:

Arnold saw the need for unified control of air transport and bolstered by Pogue's memorandum, which recommended that at the least all Army air transportation should be unified under one command, submitted the issue to a board of officers with instructions to consider the whole problem. Before the

971:

During 1942, the South Atlantic route to West Africa and beyond assumed an importance far surpassing that of any of the others. In contrast to the slowness of the North Atlantic, South Pacific and Alaskan routes, the South Atlantic airway immediately came to support a heavy volume of air traffic

1009:

in China were shipped by water to the west coast of Africa where they were assembled and flown overland to their destinations. And, while ferrying operations were increasing steadily, the air transport service in support of both ferrying and combat operations was enlarged and extended, albeit in

1182:

type operated by the domestic air carriers in excess of 200 and to refit them "for such transport services as will most effectively serve the war purposes of the United Nations." The transfer of the aircraft from the airlines to the War Department made it possible for the former also to release

1173:

More than 130 two- and four-engine transport aircraft had become available to the command by 1 July 1942, of which 10 or 15 were being flown by military crews and the remainder by the contract carriers. Many of these had come from new production, some were acquired from Air Service Command, but

1050:

Indeed, a limited view of the role of long-range air transportation in World War II persisted for some months after the US became an active belligerent. Not until the late spring and summer of 1942, when large backlogs of supplies awaiting air shipment to the front began to build up at ports of

382:

On 12 April 1941 plans were presented to the OCAC for the construction of a landing field on the west coast of Greenland for the staging of aircraft via Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland to the United Kingdom. This would make possible the ferrying of medium and light bombers across the North

855:

After the US entered World War II, it became clear that the fastest and most economical method of moving combat aircraft from the factory to the front, which might be 10,000 to 15,000 miles away due to the worldwide nature of the conflict, was to ferry them under their own power. Also, to keep

488:

was leased by the War Department as a concentration point for all aircraft, except for B-24s to be ferried directly from the Consolidated plant. The manufacturers provided civilian pilots to deliver the aircraft from their facilities to Long Beach, where an Air Corps procurement representative

426:) for thirty- to ninety-day tours of temporary duty. More highly qualified four-engine pilots of the Combat Command, as well as navigators and other crew members, were borrowed to fly the trans-Atlantic transport shuttle. In the summer and fall of 1941, approximately 200 pilots were trained at 330:

With the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, several European governments approached the United States for military equipment. They needed immediate help for the battles they might very soon have to fight on their own soil against invading German armies. The French ordered Douglas DB-7 (A-20)

1202:

bomber, was adopted for service with the ATC. The C-87 had a much longer range and higher service ceiling, making it a better choice for over-water transport flights, but its hurried conversion from a dedicated bomber design resulted in inevitable compromises that affected its reliability in

1153:

The new Air Transport Command was initially only a semi-military organization, with most of its leadership coming from the ranks of airline executives who accepted direct USAAF commissions, usually as colonels or majors. Until 1944, ATC also drew heavily on the airlines for manpower, using

1452:") in six regions. The division was reorganized 22 October 1944 into three component ferrying wings (East, West, and Central). The Ferrying Division absorbed the Domestic Transportation Wing (created March 1943 for military passenger and cargo service within the ZI) on 27 November 1944. 1170:

descriptive geographical names. On 5 July, they were redesignated the North Atlantic, Caribbean, South Atlantic, Africa-Middle East, and South Pacific wings. Over the course of the war, additional wings and divisions were created as the scope and complexity of the command increased.

1083:, Donald H. Connolly, to military service, appointing him Military Director of Civil Aviation and directing him to use EO 8974 to transfer the CAA and its regulatory control of the airlines to the Army Air Forces. L. Welch Pogue, chairman of the safety agency for civil aviation, the 3131:

Part I, Plans And Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942, Chapter 9: "The Early Development of Air Transport and Ferrying": Craven, Wesley and Cate, James, The Army Air Forces In World War II. New Imprint by the Office of Air Force History Washington, D.C.,

1325:, supported by the USAF, even though not listed as a formal military mission. When the ATC commander wrote a mission statement for the proposed new command he inserted "deployment of troops" as a mission, although the change had never been formally requested, the 992:

The earliest heavy bomber reinforcements sent to the US Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific following the Japanese attack traveled over the route, prepared, briefed, and supported by the Ferrying Command, as were most of the aircraft and crews that would form the

1317:

that the Air Force should have a long-range troop deployment capability, and began advocating that ATC transports could be used to deploy troops. Williams had been pressing for the development of a long-range troop carrier airplane when he made his statement.

984:

were capable of hauling cargo on the trans-Atlantic leg during the first six months of 1942, strained its facilities and personnel to the limit. Lend-lease aircraft and supplies were sent over the route to the British forces in Egypt and the Russians through

743:

Responsible for ferrying the product of the Boeing, Cessna and Beech plants at Wichita, Kansas; the Douglas plant at Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the North American factories at Dallas and Kansas City, the Consolidated plant at Fort Worth, and the Martin factory at

306:, Pennsylvania) distributed over the United States. In the early 1930s, the Air Corps began formally experimenting with the systematic use of air transport for the distribution of aviation supplies. The Materiel Division in 1932 established a provisional 1054:

In order to operate a worldwide air logistics system, maximum use would have to be made of the planes, men, and facilities of the civil airlines. The Ferrying Command was in no position to expand its own military transport services. The Air Corps and the

1240:

ATC transports were used primarily to deliver high value cargo and important personnel to overseas destinations. For example, ATC C-87s delivered new engines to Libya to replace those worn out on the B-24s used on the famous low-level mission against

1067:

during World War I and the driving force behind pre-war creation of the mobilization plan, delivered immediate full cooperation of the airlines from the first day of the war and is credited with persuading Roosevelt not to nationalize the airlines.

1051:

embarkation and when it became clear that almost unlimited demands would be made in future for the rapid movement of urgently needed materials and personnel, did the idea of air transport as a major instrument of logistics begin to take shape.

1222:. However, due to a lack of navigation aids, personnel, suitable airfields and maintenance facilities, and above all, sufficient multi-engine transport aircraft suited to the difficult flight conditions, tonnage levels flown to China over 3004:

Part I, Organization & Its Responsibilities, Chapter 2, "The AAF": Craven, Wesley and Cate, James, The Army Air Forces In World War II, Volume Six: "Men and Planes". New Imprint by the Office of Air Force History Washington, D.C.,

1308:

was established as a separate service in 1947, the Air Transport Command was not established as one of its missions. The ATC commander and his staff took it upon themselves to convince the new civilian leadership of the newly created

1025:

the name implies, ferrying had been its main job, and during the period its pilots ferried 13,595 aircraft to final domestic destinations, while 632 planes were delivered to foreign destinations under the supervision of the command.

3084:

Administrative History of the Ferrying Command, 29 May 1941 – 30 June 1942. Army Air Forces Historical Studies: No. 33. Prepared by Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Intelligence, Historical Division, HQ USAAF, Washington, D.C., June

951:

could not be held, principally because the Japanese had cut the only sea and air lanes over which available reinforcements, such as they were, could reach General MacArthur. By the end of February 1942, the air connection between

1104:(before October 1941 known as the Air Corps Maintenance Command) had been operating a well-established air transport service within the continental United States for months before the Ferrying Command was established, using the 343:

ready for combat service. It was advantageous to fly the aircraft to a separate modification center where changes could be made, rather than implementing these changes on the production line that would interrupt production.

851:

From the domestic ferrying assignment it was only a step to the Command taking over the responsibility for delivering or supervising the delivery of AAF and lend-lease aircraft to theaters of war scattered across the world.

1190:

was the primary transport plane in use. At first, the C-47 was often fitted with long-range tanks for long flights, but as larger multi-engine aircraft became available, the C-47 was redeployed for use on shorter routes.

379:(OCAC) was notified by the War Department that he was authorized for training purposes to have military pilots conduct cross-country flights in aircraft destined for use by the British Government for training purposes. 245:

of aircraft from the manufacturing plants in the United States to where they were needed for training or for operational use in combat. ATC also operated a worldwide air transportation system for military personnel.

495:, Seattle, was the location of the second concentration center, for planes manufactured by Boeing. Other concentration centers used civilian airfields as they became available, as happened in Detroit and Nashville. 290:. From 1926 until 1942, the Air Corps’ logistical responsibilities were vested in the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps Materiel Division, with headquarters at Wright Field, Ohio and with four major depots (at 3611:

Stanley, William R. (1994), Trans-South Atlantic air link in World War II, Professor, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Geo Journal, Issue Volume 33, Number 4 / August, 1994 pp. 459–463 ISSN

1076:

administrative competence, and the mastery of techniques that came from long experience. The AAF, on the other hand, had no such expertise among its senior leadership nor experience from its nascent operations.

1072:

beyond the stage of being primarily a courier service or an adjunct of ferrying; it was well on the way to becoming a major instrument of logistical support to combat operations on the ground and in the air.

1459:(WASP), the Ferrying Division moved aircraft and parts from manufacturing plants in the United States to and between various training bases within the US and to Ports of Embarkation for overseas shipment ( 1600:

over the South Atlantic Route. During World War II, over 16,000 tactical and cargo aircraft transited this route, carrying over 100,000 crew personnel and passengers. Also operated transport routes to

1021:. While this route was not opened until late 1943, the US and Britain were at all times prepared to occupy the Azores, had the security and future use of this route been threatened by the Axis Powers. 944:. While this route was not opened until late 1943, the US and Britain were at all times prepared to occupy the Azores, had the security and future use of this route been threatened by the Axis Powers. 2164:") between airfields in India and China, formerly performed by the 10th AF India-China Ferrying Command, and operated a western Indian sector in Karachi. Responsible for the materiel support of the 2897:, Liberia. With the opening of an air base on Ascension Island in July 1942, the ocean crossing was divided into two fairly easy stages and ceased to be a serious operational problem The base on 2964: 1124:

A change of command at AAF Ferrying Command took place in the meantime. In March 1942 General Olds was stricken with a heart attack, and was replaced by Colonel (eventually Lieutenant General)

274:

air transportation system such as had never before been envisaged. That system, and its functions, soon became synonymous with the organization which controlled it, the Air Transport Command.

960:

was also cut due to the advance of Japanese forces into Southeast Asia, although some heavy bombers and other reinforcements from the US were able to get through before the Japanese captured

355:

However, the British Government had limited funds, and was rapidly running out of resources for the purchase of war materiel of all types from the United States. In the spring of 1941, the

657:

At the end of each route was the designated transfer point at which final inspections were accomplished and the aircraft transferred from Air Corps jurisdiction to representatives of the

3402:

Shaw, Frederick J. (2014), Locating Air Force Base Sites History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004. (Updated Edition, 2014)

1113:

board could make an official report, however, Arnold made a decision on 20 June 1942 which embodied substantially Pogue's second recommendation. The Ferrying Command was renamed the

442:

During the fall of 1941, Ferrying Command had assumed an additional responsibility for delivery of some AAF's own planes from factory to stations within the United States. After the

3585:

Hays, Otis Jr. The Alaska-Siberia Connection: The World War II Air Route (Williams-Ford Texas A&M University Military History Series). College Station, Texas: Tamu Press, 1996.

2604:

Ferrying Division found it necessary to provide transition instruction on many planes, so its pilots could qualify on all major U.S. models. A transition school was established at

1813:(Scotland) as a courier service. Received aircraft flown from the United States across the North Atlantic Route. On 19 June 1942, it took over the transatlantic operations from 17: 825:

Served the Martin plant at Baltimore; the Fairchild factory at Hagerstown, Maryland; Piper plant at Lock Haven, Pennsylvania and the Grumman and Republic plants on Long Island.

3775: 2846: 2773:

in the Assam Valley which was used as a transshipment point for supplies, equipment and aircraft ferried to Kunming Airport China over the Himalayas from Northeast India.

2688: 335:

which needed massive reinforcement, especially after the losses it incurred on the continent during the German invasion of the Low Countries and France during May 1940.

3780: 684:

were completed and opened for service early in 1942. Once the ferried aircraft reached the transfer point, the crew returned to either Seattle or Los Angeles by rail.

2746: 434:, especially for ferrying duty, although they were assigned to the Combat Command and served, as did the others, on temporary-duty status with the Ferrying Command. 2668: 1829:. It served as the operational component of ATC in Europe. Initially, it flew transport operations from the United Kingdom to Spain and Portugal, later on also to 2778: 2176:

operations. Four component wings in ICD: Assam Wing (activated 1 July 1944); India Wing (1 July 1944); Bengal Wing (1 December 1944); China Wing (1 December 1944)

241:

It had two main missions, the first being the delivery of supplies and equipment between the United States and the overseas combat theaters; the second was the

3499: 1260:

While little known the Caribbean Division And South Atlantic Divisions of ATC also operated its own small navy for rescue of downed pilots comprising converted

936:

Secondary routes between Australia and India, and between Australia and the Philippines were also developed. Later, a Mid-Atlantic route was developed via the

3785: 1135:

The ferrying of all aircraft within the United States and to destinations outside of the United States as directed by the Commanding General, Army Air Forces.

1313:(DOD) (and Secretaries of the Army and Air Force) that ATC had a mission. They seized upon testimony by former Troop Carrier Command commander Major General 489:

inspected the aircraft and turned them over to Ferrying Command. This facility was designated as Headquarters, Western Division, Air Corps Ferrying Command.

3765: 3433: 830: 807: 3455: 3760: 3543:

Part III Recruitment & Training, Chapter 20 Other Training Programs, "Ferry Pilots and Transport Crews"; Craven and Cate, The AAF in World War II

3510: 3488: 3552: 3466: 2734: 1080: 331:

two-engine light bombers; Curtiss P-36 Hawks, and some Curtiss P-40D Warhawks, although the P-40s were never delivered. However, it was Britain's

2032:

Established June 1943 from a split of the Africa-Middle East Wing. Moved aircraft, supplies and cargo from West African transport hub supporting

3574: 3563: 3444: 3733: 3728: 3723: 1131:

Effective 1 July 1942, the new Air Transport Command was given what the official history of the AAF described as "sweeping responsibilities":

3168:

Craven & Cate, Section Four: The Air Transport Command Responsibilities, Chapter 9: "The Early Development of Air Transport and Ferrying"

2906: 898: 817: 2765:

airport on the Cairo-Karachi route, used by ATC as a refueling field for ferrying aircraft over Middle East or Central African Route to

481:

required a series of organizations to accept the aircraft from the manufacturer, and provide a ferrying crew to transport the aircraft.

2870: 1141:

The transportation by air of personnel, materiel, and mail for all War Department agencies, except those served by Troop Carrier units.

909: 318:, intended to serve one of the four major air depots in the distribution of spare parts to Army airbases. The group, redesignated the 3411: 2450: 508: 1982:. Responsible for moving aircraft, personnel and cargo from West African transport hubs over the Trans-Africa Route via Khartoum to 2941:

in the Philippines. With the Japanese conquests in the Western Pacific in 1942, the route was changed into be a supply route to

498:

From the West Coast, the ferrying routes (as initially laid down) and their corresponding transatlantic transport method were:

31: 2945:, with several routes cries-crossing the Pacific, and eventually returning to the Philippines and after the end of the war to 422:

Ferrying Command relied initially on two-engine and single-engine pilots detailed from the Air Force Combat Command (formerly

359:

was committed to give all possible help, short of actual combat, to the United Kingdom and the remnants of her allies against

3770: 3186: 1433:

Established 1 July 1942, to replace the Domestic Wing, Army Air Forces Ferrying Command, established 28 December 1941 as the

1092:

instead control and direct such a service, primarily composed of pilots and aircraft contracted from U.S. civilian airlines.

664:

To replace and supplement Montreal as a transfer point, Ferrying Command then initiated development of airfields in northern

3307: 1276:(July 1945), ATC carried 275,000 passengers (50,000 domestically) and 100,000 tons of mail and cargo, 96.7% of it overseas. 3258: 1056: 356: 1157:

At the time it was redesignated and given its enlarged mission, the command was already in the process of reorganization.

1310: 286:

It wasn't until the 1920s that the development of cargo and personnel transport aircraft began with aircraft such as the

2425: 2371: 2284: 1507:

1 July 1942. The division was dissolved in March 1943 and its wings placed directly under command of Headquarters ATC.

875:, earliest to be developed for military purposes, provided an air connection between the Eastern US and Britain, while 3688: 3660: 3590: 3282: 3229: 1138:

The control, operation, and maintenance of establishments and facilities on air routes outside of the United States.

723:

Served the Consolidated, North American, Vultee, Douglas, Lockheed, Ryan, Northrup and Vega factories in California.

2351: 1386: 376: 3683:

Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History.

1688:

Responsible for operating the South Atlantic Route from Waller Field, Trinidad along the north-eastern coast of

3755: 1064: 423: 250: 1456: 1393: 1314: 1261: 1229:

As the war progressed, ATC received improved aircraft types for transport duty, including the Curtiss-Wright

235: 114: 1121:

to reflect its mission of training crews and units for the combat lifts of parachute and airborne infantry.

391: 1760: 485: 415:

on 29 May 1941, to deliver lend-lease aircraft overseas from the US. Commanded and organized by Brig. Gen.

2621: 1472: 283:

the Ports of Embarkation along the East Coast for subsequent sea shipment to the battlefields of France.

2822: 2522: 1693: 1326: 3362:

Stanley M. Ulanoff, MATS: The Story of the Military Air Transport Service, 1964, The Moffa Press, Inc.

1079:

In January 1942, Arnold established the AAF Office of Civil Aviation and recalled the chairman of the

550:

Route Three: Short-range, light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross the North Atlantic by ship

2663:, Alaska Territory. Ladd is where Soviet pilots took over the ferrying mission into the Soviet Union 2652: 2605: 2538: 2414:

Used by ATC for final check and inspection of Foreign Military Sales aircraft (Concentration Command)

2323: 1321:

The DOD believed it should have its own air transport service and decided that ATC should become the

1265: 2789:. Flown by long-range C-54s fitted with auxiliary fuel tanks only from Morrison Field, Florida via 1903:

to provide connections with intra-European routes after 1944 as part of the North Atlantic Division.

168: 150: 2471: 1480: 1374: 1006: 427: 348: 257:(MAC) in 1966. It was consolidated with MAC in 1982, providing a continuous history of long range 254: 3740: 2845:, direct ferrying route between the Northeast United States and the United Kingdom. Originated at 2699:, set up by Pan American pilots prior to the Axis capitulation in Tunisia in 1943. Originated at 1911:

Middle East Wing (established as 26th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated 1 July 1942 as

2918: 2679:. List of ATC stations in the Caribbean, originating at Morrison Field, Florida; terminating at 2563: 2505: 2488: 2186:

Established January 1943 from a split of the South Pacific Wing. Operated a transport route from

2092: 1460: 1400: 1305: 1118: 1084: 965: 879: 474: 446:, the ferry of aircraft within the United States quickly became a major function of the Command. 307: 227: 2793:, Bermuda, across the Atlantic to one of three RAF airfields in the Azores. Then connected to 2656: 2608:

ferrying base in California as early as July 1941; others were set up in the spring of 1942 at

2580: 2331: 2326:

was Headquarters, ATC Eastern Pacific Wing (Formerly Alaskan Sector, Continental Division, ATC)

1542: 1195: 977: 207: 52: 3340: 2949:

where an extension of the India-China Route allowed a complete circumnavigation of the world.

2617: 2104: 2096: 1727: 1647: 681: 680:. Although Millinocket was abandoned during construction, the Presque Isle Army Airfield and 466: 68: 3646:

The Army Almanac, Armed Forces Information School (U.S), Washington. D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1950

2890: 2834: 2259: 2165: 2144: 1697: 1546: 1449: 872: 643: 623: 597: 462: 319: 299: 262: 73:

C-46 Commando flying "The Hump" over the Himalayan Mountain Range from Burma to China, 1945

35: 1557:, Alaska, where Soviet pilots collected the aircraft to fly them westward to air bases in 1218:

airlift operation, as he believed that ATC would do a better job of transporting cargo to

8: 3671:

Army Air forces in World War II: The Air Transport Command, VII Services Around the World

3635: 3621: 2477:

To ATC April 1944. Became Sub-Base of Homestead AAF FL Four Engine Pilot Training School

2221: 2187: 2157: 2037: 1743:

Operated North Atlantic Route for aircraft, personnel and cargo from Presque Isle AAF to

1554: 1101: 799: 669: 443: 311: 3655:

Harkavy, Robert E. (2007), Strategic basing and the great powers, 1200–2000, Routledge,

766:

Accepted Vultee planes produced in Nashville and Curtiss-Wright aircraft from St. Louis.

60: 3521: 3477: 3422: 2814: 2723: 2660: 2546: 2308: 2233: 1974:

Established June 1943 from a split of the Africa-Middle East Wing with headquarters in

1818: 1627: 1526: 1250: 1146: 771: 749: 728: 708: 677: 249:

Inactivated on 1 June 1948, Air Transport Command was the precursor to what became the

2494:

To ATC January 1945, became Ferrying Division Single, Two Engine Pilot Training School

1675:

South Atlantic Wing (established as 24th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated

3684: 3656: 3586: 3278: 3225: 3182: 3036: 3025: 2862: 2726:, Union of South Africa, carrying valuable minerals from Central and Southern Africa. 2217: 2033: 1810: 1744: 1655: 1651: 1635: 1211: 1174:

others became available as the result of a presidential order of 6 May directing the

1105: 787: 658: 520: 512: 109: 27:

United States Army Air Forces command responsible for transport and ferrying aircraft

1288:

football team with several notable former college and professional players, such as

2898: 2894: 2826: 2762: 2704: 2651:. List of ATC stations located in Canada and the Alaska Territory, originating at 2209: 2191: 1846: 1822: 1701: 1663: 1534: 1175: 1125: 1060: 651: 617:

Route Four B: Short-range light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross by ship

583:

Route Four A: Short-range light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross by ship

470: 2785:

Established in 1943 after the Portuguese government allowed British Leases in the

3718:. Office of Statistical Control, Headquarters AAF. Washington, D.C. December 1945 3327: 3311: 3304: 3262: 3014: 2818: 2802: 2770: 2255: 2213: 2173: 1928:

to destinations in the Middle East. Operated the Eastern Mediterranean Route via

1834: 1643: 1609: 1605: 1575:

Caribbean Wing (established as 27th AAF Ferrying Wing 19 June 1942; redesignated

1562: 1329:

either allowed it to remain or overlooked it when signing the mission statement.

1002: 994: 605: 556: 542: 450: 408: 332: 287: 3255: 2480:

Sub Unit C, 113th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Heavy)

3710:

Operation Lifeline – History and Development of the Naval Air Transport Service

2882: 2680: 2408: 2074:

Pacific Wing (established as 25th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated

2045: 2003: 1830: 1234: 1199: 981: 791: 673: 635: 560: 534: 404: 400: 367: 192: 3749: 2926: 2790: 2700: 2625: 2463: 2391: 2156:

Established 1 December 1942. Responsible for transport operations across the

2120: 1876: 1872: 1768: 1689: 1659: 1589: 1445: 1289: 1230: 1187: 917: 647: 639: 291: 98: 3622:

Volume VII, Services Around the World. The Army Air Forces in World War II

2922: 2850: 2794: 2640: 2609: 2040:. Also part of South Atlantic Route transport extension via West Africa to 1957: 1925: 1764: 1593: 1416: 1018: 941: 887: 492: 360: 339: 315: 242: 231: 159: 144: 2636:

Overseas ATC stations are listed and described in the following articles:

2592:

Used for ferrying aircraft to Alaska from eastern US manufacturing plants.

2319:

Used for ferrying aircraft to Alaska from western US manufacturing plants.

1541:) to transport airborne lend-lease aircraft and support material from the 1005:

in India. Fighter aircraft for the Ninth and Tenth Air Forces and for the

3636:

Chapter 4, The North Atlantic Route. The Army Air Forces in World War II

3324:

Flying the Hump: A Fact Sheet for the Hump Operations During World War II

2938: 2930: 2738: 2719: 2708: 2613: 2267: 2124: 1995: 1838: 1705: 1623: 1207: 1088: 998: 968:. Fortunately for the Allies, the five remaining major routes were held. 948: 921: 913: 572: 528:

Route Two: Heavy bombers capable of crossing the North Atlantic by flight

502:

Route One: Heavy bombers capable of crossing the North Atlantic by flight

416: 303: 1242: 1150:

its personnel transferred to ATC to end the division of responsibility.

859: 2758: 2302: 2263: 2049: 2041: 1899:

from early 1943. Later operated routes from the Azores to Portugal and

1756: 1709: 1615: 1464: 973: 795: 631: 668:, some 300 miles nearer the United Kingdom than the Canadian city, at 2942: 2854: 2722:

in the United Arab Emirates; The 14th Ferrying Group flew south to

2249:

Southwest Pacific Wing (activated on 1 August 1944, Pacific Division)

1788: 1776: 1748: 1612: 1245:. An emergency shipment of artillery fuzes helped win the battle of 1038: 961: 957: 902: 576: 431: 295: 2225: 2161: 2132: 2100: 2015: 2007: 1975: 1892: 1772: 1713: 1597: 1223: 1215: 601: 593: 516: 2240:, Japan in 1945. A transport route was established from Manila to 57:

Air Transport Command C-47 Skytrain flying over the Pyramids, 1944

2858: 2766: 2287:

connecting Hawaii, Australia, the Philippines, Okinawa and Japan.

2241: 2128: 2057: 2011: 1994:(India). This was discontinued when the route along the coast of 1991: 1953: 1949: 1896: 1884: 1854: 1752: 1558: 1468: 891: 627: 458: 258: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 2203:

Central Pacific Wing (activated 1 August 1944, Pacific Division)

2198:

aircraft to Alaska. Component of Pacific Division 1 August 1944.

2123:

for cargo and passengers. Later on, links were established with

1871:

Operated the Mid-Atlantic Route from the Eastern United States (

867:

During 1941, four major air routes were developed. These were:

3179:

On the Ground: Labor Struggles in the American Airline Industry

2886: 2786: 2552:

ATC High Altitude Training School (C-46/C-47 for "Hump" Pilots)

2229: 2195: 2116: 2061: 1941: 1937: 1900: 1888: 1858: 1842: 1792: 1784: 1708:. It also operated routes along the eastern coast of Brazil to 1667: 1639: 1619: 1601: 1550: 1530: 1484: 1246: 1014: 986: 937: 883: 564: 478: 454: 347:

began ferrying US-built bombers across the North Atlantic from

2462:

Alaska Route Staging Base, also RAF Sales to Canada. Planned "

1455:

Operated primarily by civilian contract pilots, including the

395:

Long Beach Army Air Field California Sixth Ferrying Group book

322:

in 1937, also transported supplies from one depot to another.

3205: 2946: 2237: 2169: 2053: 2006:

became available in 1943. Also operated a transport route to

1999: 1983: 1979: 1933: 1880: 1850: 1631: 1538: 1476: 1254: 1219: 953: 929: 925: 665: 589: 568: 407:

sea lanes vulnerable to German U-boat attacks, Major General

2968: 1444:

Initially conducted aircraft ferrying operations within the

2934: 2885:, British Guiana and went through the easternmost point of 2737:, Senegal via French Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya into 2136: 2112: 2108: 1987: 1945: 1780: 1179: 688:

six geographic sectors. The sectors and headquarters were:

609: 538: 3724:

Tables 1–73, Combat Groups, Personnel, Training, and Crews

2283:

Postwar reorganization of Pacific transport routes within

1206:

In 1942, at the personal request of General 'Hap' Arnold,

1117:

and the organization already bearing that name became the

310:

with four transport squadrons, each of them equipped with

1929: 1814: 1779:. In 1945, it operated a transport route from Iceland to 863:

Major trunk air routes of AAF Ferrying Command, June 1942

399:

The British ferrying service was well under way when the

261:

through 1992 when the mission was transferred to today's

3326:, (USAAF) China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater of Operations 2048:. Operated the Mediterranean Air Transport Service from 1924:

Delivered lend-lease aircraft, personnel and cargo from

1183:

additional crews for employment in military operations.

1145:

In addition, before the end of June plans by the Army's

3741:

Sixth Ferrying Group Year Book – Long Beach, California

2988:, Tables 11 and 20 (personnel) and Table 204 (aircraft) 2018:(South Africa Rep.) via Elizabethville (Belgian Congo). 2014:

to the United States. This route was later extended to

1833:. Clandestine transport operations were also made into 3254:, Air Force Association Magazine (March 1991) Vol. 74 786:

Accepted deliveries from the Curtiss-Wright plants at

338:

The idea of developing a regular military service for

3696:

MATS: The Story of the Military Air Transport Service

1932:(British-Mandated Palestine) and Beirut (Lebanon) to 989:, with a smaller volume going via India into China. 65:

C-54 Skymaster of the ATC Pacific Division taking off

3776:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1948

2569:

ATC Specialized Night and Instrument Training School

1095: 1042:

Air Transport Command major routes, 1 September 1945

703:

Responsible for all deliveries from Boeing Aircraft.

124:

Worldwide transport of aircraft, personnel and cargo

1626:. Also operated an aircraft ferrying route between 3522:AFHRA Document 00172776 Greenwood Army Air Base MS 2817:, Washington along the British Columbian Coast to 2397:Opened 1941, transfer point for planes sold to RAF 2337:Headquarters ATC Pacific Division, West Coast Wing 1013:Later, a Mid-Atlantic route was developed via the 3781:Military units and formations established in 1942 3703:The United States Army Air Forces in World War II 2278:Western Pacific Wing (activated on 10 April 1946) 2275:Eastern Pacific Wing (activated on 10 April 1946) 136:209,201 personnel; 3,224 transports (August 1945) 3747: 3716:Army Air Forces Statistical Digest, World War II 3338: 1936:(Turkey. It also ferried lend-lease aircraft to 1186:In the beginning of ATC operations, the Douglas 622:Long Beach to Tucson; then via Midland; Dallas; 134:30,518 personnel; 346 transports (December 1942) 2616:, Nashville (568th Army Air Forces Base Unit), 1588:Transported aircraft, personnel and cargo from 18:Air Transport Command (United States Air Force) 3328:http://www.cbi-history.com/part_xii_hump5.html 3305:http://www.atalink.org/hallfame/c.r.smith.html 3295: 3293: 3291: 2190:to Elmendorf AAF, Alaska, along the coast of 1490: 1226:did not appreciably increase until late 1943. 3786:Major commands of the United States Air Force 3256:http://www.afa.org/magazine/1991/0391hump.asp 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 899:South Pacific air ferry route in World War II 386: 200:Air Corps Ferrying Command Distinctive Badge 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 947:By early 1942, it had become clear that the 3766:1948 disestablishments in the United States 3734:Tables 118–218 Operations and Miscellaneous 3423:AFHRA Document 00172675, Great Falls AAB MT 3288: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 1128:, who remained as ATC's wartime commander. 719:, Long Beach Municipal Airport, California 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 2091:Operated the South Pacific Air Route from 782:, Wayne County Airport, Romulus, Michigan 234:as the strategic airlift component of the 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3277:, New York: Simon & Schuster (1961), 3224:, New York: Simon & Schuster (1961), 3198:Serling, Robert J. "America's Airlines," 3135: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3026:Baugher, Curtiss Hawk with Armee de l'Air 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2528:ATC Specialized Fighter Transition School 1419:, Virginia, 15 January 1943 – 1 June 1948 3761:1942 establishments in the United States 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3088: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 1821:at Prestwick to ferry passengers to the 1037: 1028: 858: 588:Long Beach to Tucson; then via Midland; 390: 132:11,000 personnel at creation (June 1942) 3596: 3478:AFHRA Document 00180405 Lunken Field OH 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3351: 3235: 3202:, September 1977, Vol. 63 No. 9, p. 229 3015:Baugher, Douglas DB-7 in French Service 2981: 2979: 2977: 1537:. Controlled the Alaska-Siberia Route ( 403:became law on 11 March 1941. With the 185:Patch with Air Transport Command emblem 14: 3748: 3631: 3629: 3526: 2991: 2386:Embarkation Base, North Atlantic Route 2366:Embarkation Base, South Atlantic Route 1841:in 1943. Routes were established into 1284:The Air Transport Command fielded the 461:and the Southern California plants of 34:. For the current active command, see 32:Air Transport Command (disambiguation) 3712:, 1947, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company 3500:AFHRA Search Romulus Army Airfield MI 3041: 2466:" Embarkation Base (never developed) 2010:(Belgian Congo) for the transport of 1561:. Also operated transport route into 1413:Gravelly Point, Virginia, 29 May 1941 437: 3729:Tables 74–117 Aircraft and Equipment 3365: 2974: 2969:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2631: 2377:Headquarters ATC North Atlantic Wing 2296: 1726:North Atlantic Wing (established as 1525:Established October 1942. Supported 1495:Established 28 December 1941 as the 1428: 1178:to commandeer all transports of the 1057:Air Transport Association of America 846: 762:, Berry Field, Nashville, Tennessee 699:, Boeing Field, Seattle, Washington 691: 3626: 3347:. Hearst Magazines. pp. 72–74. 1965:Central African Wing (redesignated 1696:(Brazil) and from there across the 1423: 905:and islands of the Western Pacific. 821:, Logan Field, Baltimore, Maryland 449:To ferry aircraft purchased by the 24: 3339:Hearst Magazines (February 1945). 2228:. The route was later extended to 1503:on 26 February 1942; redesignated 1033: 802:) and the Bell factory at Buffalo. 25: 3797: 3301:Major General Cyrus Rowlett Smith 2849:, Maine, routed to ATC bases in 2575:ATC 1st Operational Training Unit 2534:ATC 4th Operational Training Unit 2500:ATC 6th Replacement Training Unit 2483:ATC 5th Replacement Training Unit 2440:North Atlantic Route Staging Base 2403:North Atlantic Route Staging Base 2380:23d Army Air Forces Ferrying Wing 2023:North African Wing (redesignated 1403:, 18 September 1947 – 1 June 1948 1373:Consolidated on 13 May 1982 with 1096:Creation of Air Transport Command 901:connected the US via Hawaii with 3181:. University of Illinois Press. 2963: This article incorporates 2958: 2901:was located on British territory 2558:ATC 3d Operational Training Unit 2517:ATC 2d Operational Training Unit 2434:ATC Long-Range Navigation School 2383:1380th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2291: 1387:Office of the Chief of Air Corps 1356:Army Air Forces Ferrying Command 1081:Civil Aeronautics Administration 377:Office of the Chief of Air Corps 206: 191: 167: 158: 149: 108: 91: 67: 59: 51: 3677: 3665: 3649: 3640: 3615: 3579: 3568: 3557: 3546: 3515: 3504: 3493: 3482: 3471: 3460: 3449: 3445:AFHRA Search, Morrison Field FL 3438: 3434:AFHRA Search, Hamilton Field CA 3427: 3416: 3405: 3341:"The Army's Navy to the Rescue" 3332: 3316: 3267: 3192: 2718:from Khartoum across Arabia to 2586:7th Ferrying Group (Detachment) 2572:561st Army Air Forces Base Unit 2555:566th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2537:Moved in the spring of 1944 to 2531:459th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2514:427th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2511:ATC Four Engine Training School 2497:590th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2417:586th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2400:378th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2363:1103d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2357:Headquarters ATC Caribbean Wing 2346:Embarkation Base, Pacific Route 2343:1503d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2313:557th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2208:Operated route from Hawaii via 1767:. Operated transport routes to 1407: 1017:to link the US with Europe and 972:that, because only four former 940:to link the US with Europe and 739:, Hensley Field, Dallas, Texas 661:or the British Air Commission. 3467:AFHRA Search, Houlton Field ME 3171: 3030: 3019: 3008: 2925:, Hawaii. Pr-war it went via 2921:, California and initially to 2729:After September 1943, The ATC 2697:South Atlantic Air Ferry Route 2677:South Atlantic Air Ferry Route 2589:Embarkation Base, Alaska Route 2459:553d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2437:552d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2316:Embarkation Base, Alaska Route 2082:in January 1943; redesignated 1940:(Iran) for onward shipment to 1825:. Established January 1943 as 1592:airfields (Morrison Field) to 1380: 1323:Military Air Transport Service 1295: 910:South Atlantic air ferry route 251:Military Air Transport Service 13: 1: 3701:Office of Air Force History, 3698:, 1964, The Moffa Press, Inc. 3456:AFHRA Search, Presque Isle ME 3322:CBI Hump Pilots Association, 2953: 2797:, Casablanca, French Morocco. 2078:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1734:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1679:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1579:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1457:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1394:United States Army Air Forces 1349:Army Air Forces Ferry Command 1198:, a transport version of the 1160: 325: 253:in 1948 and was redesignated 236:United States Army Air Forces 230:unit that was created during 115:United States Army Air Forces 3771:Air force transport commands 3303:, Air Transport Association 2659:, Minnesota; terminating at 1948:. A connecting route linked 1915:; redesignated June 1943 as 1800:European Wing (redesignated 1658:and along the west coast of 1292:of the Pittsburgh Steelers. 612:and Wayne County to Montreal 545:and Wayne County to Montreal 486:Long Beach Municipal Airport 484:In Southern California, the 7: 3705:, edited by Craven and Cate 3412:AFHRA Search, Gore Field MT 3037:Curtiss P-40D (Kittyhawk I) 2622:Baltimore Municipal Airport 2216:for logistical support for 1730:20 June 1942; redesignated 1516:Alaskan Wing (redesignated 1505:Air Transportation Division 1491:Air Transportation Division 1368:Discontinued on 1 June 1948 882:connected mainland US with 202:(Approved 14 November 1941) 187:(Approved 30 November 1942) 10: 3802: 3511:AFHRA Search Charleston SC 3489:AFHRA Search New Castle DE 2847:Presque Isle Army Airfield 2823:Alexai Point Army Airfield 2761:, India, a former British 2523:Palm Springs Army Airfield 2420:Staging Base for RAF Sales 2354:, West Palm Beach, Florida 1340:Air Corps Ferrying Command 1332: 1327:Secretary of the Air Force 1194:In 1942, the Consolidated 413:Air Corps Ferrying Command 387:Air Corps Ferrying Command 277: 268: 29: 3553:AFHRA Search Homestead FL 2653:Great Falls Army Air Base 2606:Long Beach Army Air Field 2539:Brownsville Army Airfield 2426:New Castle County Airport 2324:Great Falls Army Air Base 1990:(South Arabia) and on to 1654:, it flew a route to the 1481:Anchorage-Elmendorf Field 1279: 199: 184: 179: 140: 128: 120: 104: 86: 78: 50: 45: 3564:AFHRA Search Reno Nevada 2583:, Minneapolis, Minnesota 2472:Charleston Army Airfield 2044:(French Morocco) and to 1967:Central African Division 1809:Created in July 1941 at 1549:via Central and Western 1375:Military Airlift Command 1210:, formerly president of 1007:American Volunteer Group 366:With the passage of the 357:Roosevelt Administration 255:Military Airlift Command 2879:South Atlantic Division 2731:North Atlantic Division 2649:Northwest Staging Route 2564:Rosecrans Army Airfield 2506:Homestead Army Airfield 2489:Greenwood Army Airfield 2254:Logistical support for 2131:, Solomon Islands with 2056:(Egypt) and later from 1913:Africa-Middle East Wing 1845:in 1944 and throughout 1775:and onward to bases in 1736:North Atlantic Division 1681:South Atlantic Division 1401:United States Air Force 1306:United States Air Force 1119:I Troop Carrier Command 1085:Civil Aeronautics Board 966:Netherlands East Indies 880:Northwest Staging Route 737:* Middle Western Sector 352:to less than ten days. 308:1st Air Transport Group 228:United States Air Force 3177:Orenic, Liesl (2009). 2986:AAF Statistical Digest 2965:public domain material 2657:Wold/Chamberlain Field 2581:Wold/Chamberlain Field 2566:, St. Joseph, Missouri 2428:, Wilmington, Delaware 2360:26th Ferrying Squadron 2305:, Great Falls, Montana 2025:North African Division 1543:Minneapolis, Minnesota 1497:Foreign Division, ACFC 1435:Domestic Division ACFC 1196:C-87 Liberator Express 1043: 864: 396: 3756:Air Transport Command 3575:AFHRA Search, Wold MN 2716:Middle East Wing flew 2707:, Khartoum, north to 2689:Central African Route 2618:Romulus Army Airfield 2260:Thirteenth Air Forces 2194:primarily to deliver 1895:to ferry aircraft to 1761:Stephenville Air Base 1728:23d AAF Ferrying Wing 1570:Central/South America 1441:on 26 February 1942. 1363:Air Transport Command 1311:Department of Defense 1115:Air Transport Command 1041: 1029:Air Transport Command 974:Pan American Clippers 862: 682:Houlton Army Airfield 394: 220:Air Transport Command 46:Air Transport Command 3694:Stanley M. Ulanoff, 2891:South Atlantic Ocean 2871:South Atlantic Route 2835:North Atlantic Route 2821:, Alaska then on to 2769:. Crossed India to 2755:India-China Division 2451:Wayne County Airport 2222:Twentieth Air Forces 2166:Fourteenth Air Force 2149:India-China Division 2139:, Dutch East Indies. 2052:(French Morocco) to 2038:Fifteenth Air Forces 1698:South Atlantic Ocean 1547:Great Falls, Montana 1450:Zone of the Interior 1439:Domestic Wing, AAFFC 1087:, then wrote to the 873:North Atlantic route 624:Jackson, Mississippi 509:Wayne County Airport 320:10th Transport Group 312:Bellanca Aircruisers 263:Air Mobility Command 164:Asia-Pacific Theater 36:Air Mobility Command 30:For other uses, see 2907:South Pacific Route 2843:North Atlantic Wing 2803:North Pacific Route 2624:, Maryland, and at 2453:, Romulus, Michigan 2340:18th Ferrying Group 2188:Seattle, Washington 2158:Himalayan Mountains 2099:, Hawaii to either 2069:Pacific/CBI Theater 1956:, India, along the 1757:RCAF Station Gander 1732:North Atlantic Wing 1677:South Atlantic Wing 1501:Foreign Wing, AAFFC 1338:Established as the 1106:50th Transport Wing 1102:Air Service Command 1063:, a colonel in the 1010:piecemeal fashion. 980:, and 11 converted 912:linked the US with 800:Ypsilanti, Michigan 717:* California Sector 444:Pearl Harbor attack 3310:2008-09-05 at the 3275:Fate Is The Hunter 3261:2008-07-08 at the 3222:Fate Is The Hunter 2815:Gray Army Airfield 2779:Mid-Atlantic Route 2724:Wonderboom Airport 2661:Ladd Army Airfield 2647:Also known as the 2547:Reno Army Airfield 2411:, Cincinnati, Ohio 2372:Presque Isle Field 2309:7th Ferrying Group 2285:Far East Air Force 2076:South Pacific Wing 1906:Africa/Middle East 1819:Northeast Airlines 1581:Caribbean Division 1527:Eleventh Air Force 1473:Presque Isle Field 1467:; Morrison Field, 1266:Catalina seaplanes 1147:Services of Supply 1044: 865: 772:4th Ferrying Group 760:* Nashville Sector 750:5th Ferrying Group 729:6th Ferrying Group 709:7th Ferrying Group 697:* Northwest Sector 438:ACFC Domestic Wing 397: 3345:Popular Mechanics 3187:978-0-252-03433-6 2863:Prestwick Airport 2747:India-China Route 2695:Extension of the 2683:, British Guiana. 2632:Overseas Stations 2601: 2600: 2456:3d Ferrying Group 2431:2d Ferrying Group 2266:and later to the 2107:, Australia, via 2095:, California via 1811:Prestwick Airport 1802:European Division 1755:or directly from 1745:Prestwick Airport 1712:(Uruguay) and to 1656:Galapagos Islands 1652:Panama Canal Zone 1636:Panama Canal Zone 1608:, (Bahamas); and 1437:and redesignated 1429:Ferrying Division 1262:submarine chasers 1212:American Airlines 847:ACFC Foreign Wing 843: 842: 831:2d Ferrying Group 808:3d Ferrying Group 788:Buffalo, New York 659:RAF Ferry Command 513:Romulus, Michigan 214: 213: 203: 188: 16:(Redirected from 3793: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3633: 3624: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3594: 3583: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3550: 3544: 3541: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3363: 3360: 3349: 3348: 3336: 3330: 3320: 3314: 3297: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3248: 3233: 3218: 3203: 3196: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3133: 3129: 3086: 3082: 3039: 3034: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2962: 2961: 2915:Pacific Division 2899:Ascension Island 2895:Roberts Airfield 2827:Aleutian Islands 2763:Imperial Airways 2705:Khartoum Airport 2474:, South Carolina 2297: 2236:; and lastly to 2210:Marshall Islands 2192:British Columbia 2151:on 1 July 1944.) 2145:India-China Wing 2086:on 24 July 1944) 2084:Pacific Division 2064:(Italy) in 1944. 1917:Middle East Wing 1847:Occupied Germany 1823:European Theater 1747:, Scotland, via 1702:Ascension Island 1664:Salinas, Ecuador 1535:Aleutian Islands 1518:Alaskan Division 1424:Major Components 1358:on 31 March 1942 1233:and the Douglas 1176:Secretary of War 1126:Harold L. George 1061:Edgar S. Gorrell 978:TWA Stratoliners 964:and overran the 818:Northeast Sector 780:* Detroit Sector 692: 533:Boeing Field to 507:Boeing Field to 411:established the 383:Atlantic Ocean. 210: 201: 195: 186: 171: 162: 155:American Theater 153: 112: 97: 95: 94: 71: 63: 55: 43: 42: 21: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3746: 3745: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3597: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3527: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3366: 3361: 3352: 3337: 3333: 3321: 3317: 3312:Wayback Machine 3298: 3289: 3272: 3268: 3263:Wayback Machine 3252:Flying the Hump 3249: 3236: 3219: 3206: 3200:Flying Magazine 3197: 3193: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3136: 3130: 3089: 3083: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3009: 3003: 2992: 2984: 2975: 2959: 2956: 2889:and across the 2819:Elmendorf Field 2811:West Coast Wing 2771:Chabua Airfield 2669:Caribbean Route 2634: 2602: 2444: 2294: 2232:, Philippines; 2214:Mariana Islands 2181:West Coast Wing 2174:Tenth Air Force 2027:on 1 July 1944) 1986:(Egypt) and to 1969:on 1 July 1944) 1835:Occupied Europe 1804:on 1 July 1944) 1738:on 1 July 1944) 1683:on 1 July 1944) 1644:Central America 1610:Sixth Air Force 1583:on 1 July 1944) 1563:Northern Canada 1520:on 1 July 1944) 1499:; redesignated 1493: 1431: 1426: 1410: 1383: 1351:on 9 March 1942 1335: 1298: 1282: 1163: 1098: 1036: 1034:Change of roles 1031: 1003:Tenth Air Force 995:Ninth Air Force 982:B-24 Liberators 849: 844: 839: 606:Patterson Field 557:Tucson, Arizona 543:Omaha, Nebraska 451:Royal Air Force 440: 428:Barksdale Field 409:Henry H. Arnold 389: 333:Royal Air Force 328: 288:Boeing Model 40 280: 271: 217: 172: 163: 154: 135: 133: 92: 90: 74: 72: 66: 58: 56: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3799: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3744: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3664: 3648: 3639: 3625: 3614: 3595: 3578: 3567: 3556: 3545: 3525: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3481: 3470: 3459: 3448: 3437: 3426: 3415: 3404: 3364: 3350: 3331: 3315: 3299:Hall of Fame, 3287: 3273:Gann, Ernest, 3266: 3250:Glines, C.V., 3234: 3220:Gann, Ernest, 3204: 3191: 3170: 3134: 3087: 3040: 3029: 3018: 3007: 2990: 2972: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2919:Hamilton Field 2910: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2883:Atkinson Field 2874: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2806: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2750: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2741:, Cairo Egypt. 2727: 2712: 2711:, Cairo Egypt. 2692: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2681:Atkinson Field 2672: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2655:, Montana and 2644: 2643: 2633: 2630: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2543: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2468: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409:Lunken Airport 2405: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352:Morrison Field 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332:Hamilton Field 2328: 2327: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2153: 2152: 2147:(redesignated 2141: 2140: 2093:Hamilton Field 2088: 2087: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2029: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2004:French Morocco 1971: 1970: 1962: 1961: 1921: 1920: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1887:and on to the 1868: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1831:French Morocco 1806: 1805: 1797: 1796: 1769:Goose Air Base 1740: 1739: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1685: 1684: 1672: 1671: 1618:bases, and to 1585: 1584: 1577:Caribbean Wing 1572: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1522: 1521: 1513: 1512: 1492: 1489: 1461:Hamilton Field 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1399:Headquarters, 1397: 1396:, 9 March 1942 1392:Headquarters, 1390: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365:on 1 July 1942 1359: 1352: 1344: 1343: 1342:on 29 May 1941 1334: 1331: 1297: 1294: 1281: 1278: 1235:C-54 Skymaster 1200:B-24 Liberator 1162: 1159: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1097: 1094: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 934: 933: 906: 895: 876: 848: 845: 841: 840: 837: 836: 835: 833:, 28 May 1942. 826: 813: 812: 810:, 28 May 1942. 803: 792:Columbus, Ohio 777: 776: 774:, 28 May 1942. 767: 756: 755: 754: 752:, 28 May 1942. 745: 734: 733: 731:, 28 May 1942. 724: 714: 713: 711:, 28 May 1942. 704: 690: 655: 654: 636:North Carolina 619: 618: 614: 613: 585: 584: 580: 579: 555:Long Beach to 552: 551: 547: 546: 535:Salt Lake City 530: 529: 525: 524: 504: 503: 475:North American 439: 436: 405:North Atlantic 401:Lend-Lease Act 388: 385: 368:Lend-Lease Act 327: 324: 294:, California; 279: 276: 270: 267: 215: 212: 211: 204: 197: 196: 189: 182: 181: 177: 176: 175: 174: 165: 156: 142: 138: 137: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 106: 102: 101: 88: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 64: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3798: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3689:0-89201-092-4 3686: 3682: 3681: 3668: 3662: 3661:0-415-70176-7 3658: 3652: 3643: 3637: 3632: 3630: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3592: 3591:0-89096-711-3 3588: 3582: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3560: 3554: 3549: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3408: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3285:, pp. 213–217 3284: 3283:0-671-63603-0 3280: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3232:, pp. 160–164 3231: 3230:0-671-63603-0 3227: 3223: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3022: 3016: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2970: 2967:from the 2966: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2927:Midway Island 2924: 2920: 2916: 2913:Flown by the 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2877:Flown by the 2876: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2841:Flown by the 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809:Flown by the 2808: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791:Kindley Field 2788: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2753:Flown by the 2752: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735:Dakar Airport 2732: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703:, Liberia to 2702: 2701:Roberts Field 2698: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2629: 2627: 2626:Hensley Field 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491:, Mississippi 2490: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2464:Crimson Route 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2392:Houlton Field 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2322:Note: Nearby 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2292:Installations 2286: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:New Caledonia 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2060:(Algeria) to 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2002:(Senegal) to 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1877:Washington DC 1874: 1873:New York City 1870: 1869: 1866:Atlantic Wing 1865: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1827:European Wing 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690:South America 1687: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1660:South America 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:South Florida 1587: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1511:North America 1510: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1446:United States 1442: 1440: 1436: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1389:, 29 May 1941 1388: 1385: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1361:Redesignated 1360: 1357: 1354:Redesignated 1353: 1350: 1347:Redesignated 1346: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1315:Paul Williams 1312: 1307: 1302: 1293: 1291: 1290:Vernon Martin 1287: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231:C-46 Commando 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1188:C-47 Skytrain 1184: 1181: 1177: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1040: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 983: 979: 975: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 945: 943: 939: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918:Natal, Brazil 915: 911: 907: 904: 900: 896: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 874: 870: 869: 868: 861: 857: 853: 834: 832: 829:Redesignated 827: 824: 823: 822: 820: 819: 811: 809: 806:Redesignated 804: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 783: 781: 775: 773: 770:Redesignated 768: 765: 764: 763: 761: 757: 753: 751: 748:Redesignated 746: 742: 741: 740: 738: 732: 730: 727:Redesignated 725: 722: 721: 720: 718: 712: 710: 707:Redesignated 705: 702: 701: 700: 698: 694: 693: 689: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 653: 649: 648:Mitchel Field 645: 641: 640:Bolling Field 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 620: 616: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 586: 582: 581: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 559:; thence via 558: 554: 553: 549: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 531: 527: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 505: 501: 500: 499: 496: 494: 490: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 457:factory near 456: 452: 447: 445: 435: 433: 429: 425: 424:GHQ Air Force 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 393: 384: 380: 378: 375:May 1941 the 372: 369: 364: 362: 358: 353: 350: 344: 341: 336: 334: 323: 321: 317: 316:Douglas DC-2s 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 275: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 247: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 216:Military unit 209: 205: 198: 194: 190: 183: 178: 170: 166: 161: 157: 152: 148: 147: 146: 143: 139: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 111: 107: 103: 100: 99:United States 89: 85: 81: 77: 70: 62: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3678:Bibliography 3667: 3651: 3642: 3617: 3581: 3570: 3559: 3548: 3517: 3506: 3495: 3484: 3473: 3462: 3451: 3440: 3429: 3418: 3407: 3344: 3334: 3323: 3318: 3300: 3274: 3269: 3251: 3221: 3199: 3194: 3178: 3173: 3032: 3021: 3010: 2985: 2957: 2923:Hickam Field 2914: 2878: 2851:Newfoundland 2842: 2810: 2795:Anfa Airport 2757:. Began at 2754: 2730: 2715: 2696: 2676: 2675:Part of the 2648: 2641:Alaska Route 2635: 2610:Boeing Field 2603: 2595: 2525:, California 2443: 2334:, California 2148: 2105:Williamstown 2097:Hickam Field 2083: 2080:Pacific Wing 2079: 2075: 2024: 2008:Leopoldville 1966: 1958:Persian Gulf 1952:(Iraq) with 1926:Cairo, Egypt 1916: 1912: 1826: 1801: 1765:Newfoundland 1735: 1731: 1680: 1676: 1648:Howard Field 1594:Waller Field 1580: 1576: 1517: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1454: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1417:The Pentagon 1408:Headquarters 1362: 1355: 1348: 1339: 1322: 1320: 1303: 1299: 1285: 1283: 1274: 1270: 1259: 1239: 1228: 1205: 1193: 1185: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1130: 1123: 1114: 1111: 1099: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1023: 1019:North Africa 1012: 991: 970: 946: 942:North Africa 935: 888:Soviet Union 866: 854: 850: 828: 815: 814: 805: 798:plant (near 779: 778: 769: 759: 758: 747: 736: 735: 726: 716: 715: 706: 696: 695: 686: 670:Presque Isle 663: 656: 497: 493:Boeing Field 491: 483: 467:Consolidated 448: 441: 421: 412: 398: 381: 373: 365: 361:Nazi Germany 354: 349:Newfoundland 345: 337: 329: 302:, Ohio; and 285: 281: 272: 248: 240: 232:World War II 223: 219: 218: 173:EAME Theater 145:World War II 40: 3708:James Lee, 2939:Clark Field 2931:Wake Island 2917:, began at 2865:, Scotland. 2739:Payne Field 2720:RAF Sharjah 2709:Payne Field 2620:, Detroit, 2614:Berry Field 2612:, Seattle, 2268:Philippines 2172:and of the 2125:New Zealand 1996:West Africa 1853:and to the 1839:Scandinavia 1716:(Paraguay). 1706:West Africa 1628:Brownsville 1624:Puerto Rico 1381:Assignments 1296:Postwar era 1208:C. R. Smith 1089:White House 1065:Air Service 999:Middle East 949:Philippines 922:Middle East 914:West Africa 794:; the Ford 678:Millinocket 598:Scott Field 573:New Orleans 541:; then via 417:Robert Olds 296:San Antonio 141:Engagements 3750:Categories 2954:References 2759:RAF Jawani 2733:flew from 2628:, Dallas. 2303:Gore Field 2264:New Guinea 2050:Casablanca 2042:Casablanca 1710:Montevideo 1616:lend-lease 1604:, (Cuba); 1555:Ladd Field 1465:California 1161:Operations 796:Willow Run 632:Fort Bragg 326:Lend Lease 304:Middletown 292:Sacramento 3612:0343-2521 2943:Australia 2881:began at 2855:Greenland 2508:, Florida 2133:Hollandia 1789:Stockholm 1787:, and to 1777:Greenland 1749:Greenland 1670:, (Peru). 1613:Caribbean 1304:When the 1203:service. 962:Singapore 958:Australia 903:Australia 577:Louisiana 432:Louisiana 300:Fairfield 298:, Texas; 82:1942–1948 3308:Archived 3259:Archived 2813:between 2714:The ATC 2549:, Nevada 2541:, Texas. 2244:, China. 2226:Marianas 2162:The Hump 2127:and via 2101:Brisbane 2016:Pretoria 1976:Khartoum 1893:Portugal 1861:in 1945. 1773:Labrador 1714:Asuncion 1634:and the 1598:Trinidad 1533:and the 1243:Ploiești 1224:The Hump 1216:the Hump 1001:and the 886:and the 652:New York 602:Illinois 594:Oklahoma 517:Montreal 463:Lockheed 340:ferrying 243:ferrying 226:) was a 180:Insignia 3189:, p. 50 2859:Iceland 2825:in the 2767:Karachi 2394:, Maine 2374:, Maine 2242:Kunming 2234:Okinawa 2224:in the 2218:Seventh 2129:Honiara 2058:Algiers 2046:Britain 2034:Twelfth 2012:uranium 1992:Karachi 1954:Karachi 1950:Baghdad 1897:England 1885:Bermuda 1855:Balkans 1837:and to 1753:Iceland 1666:and to 1646:. 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