Air Transport Command

381: 1098:

Contract Air Cargo Division managed by former airline executives, who established routes outside the United States to Alaska, the upper Atlantic, and Central America. Many of the routes and services duplicated those of the Ferrying Command. Expedient attempts by Headquarters AAF to establish a clear division of authority were unsuccessful, particularly after the 50th Transport Wing was transferred at the end of April 1942 to a newly created organization, the "Air Transport Command" (a combat organization). This left ASC with only its civilian carriers, of which considerable friction existed with Ferrying Command which had let conflicting contracts to different carriers.

408:, the mission of the new command was, first, "to move aircraft by air from factories to such terminals as may be designated by the Chief of the Air Corps," and second, "to maintain such special air ferry services as may be required to meet specific situations." These were broad powers, and working within them, the Ferrying Command eventually expanded far beyond the limits imagined by those responsible for its creation. The second assignment provided specific authority for the establishment of a military air transport service over the North Atlantic between the US and the United Kingdom, a project which had been under consideration for some months. 140: 158: 1226:, a militarized transport version of the DC-4. The C-54 in particular took over the C-87's duties in long-distance, over-water transport flights. In the China-India theater, the C-54, with nearly five times the load capacity of the C-47 and twice that of the C-46, significantly increased cargo tonnage levels flown to China, becoming the primary lifter for Hump operations. Even though the C-54 had a service ceiling of only 12,000 feet, plans were made to replace all the C-87s in the Hump operation with Skymasters by October 1945, and have 540 assigned by April 1946 to bring load capability up to 86,000 tons monthly. 42: 197: 58: 1261:(150,000). By the end of the war the command had 3,090 major transports assigned. Although in the first half of 1944 the C-46 appeared to be headed for ascendancy as the predominant transport type of the command, and ATC more than tripled its inventory of C-54s in the final year of the war to 839 transports, the C-47 remained the workhorse transport of ATC throughout the conflict, never exceeded in total by any other type. Its numbers remained steady throughout 1942 and 1943, but increased dramatically in the last 18 months of the war, rising to a total of 1,341. 82: 99: 1143:

experienced civil airline pilots, radio operators, and other aircrew personnel from the airlines to crew transports that had been purchased by the Army from civilian sources. ATC's original mission was ferrying airplanes to overseas destinations, a mission that had been originally performed by the AAF Ferrying Command that preceded it and from which ATC headquarters military personnel were drawn. As the war progressed, ATC's air transport division became more and more involved in transporting military personnel and cargo overseas.

182: 50: 1155:

bases, and their replacement. Thousands of bombers, transport aircraft and fighters flown by combat crews on their way overseas were under ATC control during these movements. Ferrying of combat aircraft by ATC personnel became a major ATC mission to the end of the war as vast numbers of replacement aircraft had to be transferred from factory to combat theaters. The command ferried 30,000 aircraft in 1942, 72,000 in 1943, 108,000 in 1944, and 57,000 in 1945, for a total of more than 267,000 in all.

1476:). From the Ports of Embarkation, aircraft were flown to final overseas destinations primarily by contracted civil airline pilots or former airline pilots serving in the AAF. The ATC Ferrying Division was also responsible for the preparation for and movement of combat units overseas and for the movement of replacement aircraft and crews, who were temporarily assigned to the ATC Ferrying Division from the time they left the United States until they arrived at their assigned theater. 149: 849: 1028: 360:

Force to defend Great Britain. It was also clear that the pioneering efforts of the British would have to be expanded to accommodate the increased number of aircraft. However, the United States was not a belligerent nation and it was also a period of extreme diplomatic delicacy, when aircraft purchased by the British had to be literally pushed across the US-Canada border in order to protect the neutrality of the United States.

1257:. While not limited to rescuing ATC pilots the main role was that of insuring a rescue of ATC pilots who were downed on the first leg of the southern trans-Atlantic route to Europe and SE Asia. In areas where ATC aircraft flew where there were a possibility of hostile aircraft or ships, other services provided air to sea rescue. ATC rescue services operated only in areas where there was nil chance of armed encounter. 1036:

factories to Canada and onward to Britain or to US ports of embarkation. Probably no one then foresaw that a network of long-range transport routes, supporting the daily movement of hundreds of tons of supplies and thousands of passengers, would spread across the world and that daily flights to such remote areas as the Aleutians, Australia, the Philippines, India, and China would become commonplace.

1048:(ATA), representing the domestic carriers, had developed a mobilization plan between 1936 and 1939 to provide this support through contract services. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8974 on 13 December 1941, which gave the Secretary of War authority to nationalize the airlines, but except for several instances early in 1942 to meet specific emergencies, the order was not invoked. ATA president 2949: 442:(RAF) from factories in the western and central United States to transfer points on the Atlantic seaboard required the establishment of routes over which the aircraft could be flown. Support stations were set up at civilian as well as military airports for the aircraft to be refueled and any necessary servicing performed. The aircraft factories, particularly the 1238:. When the first B-29s were sent to China, advance party personnel and additional combat crew personnel proceeded the bombers aboard ATC C-87s. On return flights, C-87s and C-54s brought back combat crews who had finished their combat tours and were returning to the States. At the end of the war, ATC C-54s transported 11th Airborne Division personnel from 1290:

on the other hand, thought that ATC should be developed into a national government operated airline, an idea that was soundly opposed by the airline industry. While the war had firmly established the necessity of a troop carrier mission, most military officers believed the role performed by ATC should be provided by contract carriers.

1203:, was commissioned a colonel in ATC and made its executive officer, thereafter assuming the positions of Chief of Staff and Deputy Commander. During his tenure as Chief of Staff, Smith was largely responsible for ATC's considerable expansion in operations. In the same year, Smith proposed that ATC assume responsibility for 1064:

The civil airlines, in addition to having the available flying personnel (most of whom had learned to fly in the Air Corps) and physical equipment, had another equally valuable though less tangible asset. They had the wealth of practical knowledge in conducting scheduled air transport operations, the

1013:

During the thirteen months of its existence, Ferrying Command had grown from an original staff of two officers and a civilian secretary to a strength of over 11,000 officers and enlisted men, in addition to its civilian employees and those of the civil air carriers operating under its supervision. As

845:

aircraft at their highest efficiency, an air transport system for the rapid delivery of spare engines and parts, auxiliary equipment of all kinds, flight crews, and ground personnel became an absolute necessity, and supplementary to the traditional and considerably slower method of surface transport.

676:

After Pearl Harbor, the scope of Ferrying Command's mission within the United States expanded to the domestic ferrying of all multi-engine Army aircraft, all British and Lend-Lease aircraft, and with the air movement of troops by domestic airlines as well. On 3 January 1942, the wing was divided into

331:

aircraft was the result of several factors. Production of aircraft by United States manufacturers was increasing for both the Army Air Corps and for purchase by the British. As produced and ready for delivery at the factory, these aircraft were flyable but also needed modifications before they were

262:

By no means least among the achievements of the Army Air Forces (AAF) in World War II was its development of a worldwide system of air transport. The development of transport aircraft in the 1920s and 1930s added a new dimension to the art of warfare, and around its varied capacities the AAF built an

1035:

Air transport services conducted by the Ferrying Command (before the Pearl Harbor attack), were first to Britain beginning July 1941 and later in October to Cairo. They were like courier services and were secondary to the major job for which the command was created, that of ferrying aircraft from US

359:

in March 1941 the United States stated its intention to assist the British in its war efforts and was a statement of the desire of Congress and the people of the United States to that effect. With that clear intention, the doors were opened for larger numbers of aircraft to be sent to the Royal Air

335:

United States civilian pilots, contracted by the British, would pick up their aircraft at the production facility and fly them to designated transfer points in the Montreal area where the modifications could be made. From Montreal, a Canadian civilian agency under contract to the British government

1289:

With the end of the war, the Air Transport Command found itself in limbo. Senior USAAF authorities considered ATC to be a wartime necessity that was no longer needed, and expected its civilian personnel, including former airline pilots, to return to their peacetime occupations. Senior ATC officers,

1158:

In addition, five major field organizations, known as wings, were constituted on 12 June 1942 and activated at various dates during the latter part of the month. Initially, they were known as the 23d through the 27th AAF Ferrying wings, but the command quickly requested and secured a change to more

1097:

to move technical cargo between air depots and subdepots. In the first half of 1941 the ASC moved more cargo domestically than all the civilian carriers in the United States. Several months after the war began, demands for materiel forced ASC to use civilian carriers on a contract basis, creating a

1080:

advocating the establishment of a civilian air transportation service reporting directly to the President to operate airline contracts for the military, an idea that had been broached during the development period of ATA-Air Corps mobilization plan. In response, General Arnold proposed that the AAF

1060:

The ferrying activity continued to increase as more aircraft were turned out by the factories, as new combat units became ready for deployment overseas, and as the need for battle replacements grew more and more emphasis came to be placed on the air transportation function. Air transport had passed

340:

to Prestwick (near Glasgow) (Scotland / UK) under the auspices of a private British company, set up by the British Government for that purpose. By ferrying these bombers under their own power, vital shipping space was saved and factory-to-combat delivery time was cut from approximately three months

1264:

Routes had been established to places where aircraft had been unheard of before the war. Airline personnel who had never left the United States before joining the military had become veterans of long over-water flights to the remotest regions of earth. In its final full month of wartime operations

1154:

The newly designated Air Transport Command consisted of two main divisions, the Ferrying Division and the Air Transportation Division, corresponding roughly to the two primary responsibilities of the command. The ATC Ferrying Division was responsible for the transfer of combat aircraft to overseas

1138:

to create its own air transportation service were halted when the SOS agreed to transfer to the AAF all of its air transportation responsibilities and its responsibility for setting priorities for travel by military and commercial aircraft. The Contract Air Cargo Division was terminated by ASC and

363:

These shipments to the British caused a shortage in the United States of multi-engine aircraft in particular. Air Corps units were in need of training in long-range navigation, weather and radio-flying that a coast-to-coast ferrying service would give them in the latest models of aircraft. On 12

271:

ATC's origins begin during World War I with the need to transport aircraft supplies and materiel from the aircraft manufacturers to the maintenance facilities supporting the training bases in the United States. Railroads were used to move the equipment and aircraft from one base to another and to

1260:

By the end of World War II, Air Transport Command had developed into a huge military air carrier with a worldwide route pattern. From an organization of approximately 37,000 personnel (6,500 of them overseas) in December 1942, it numbered nearly 210,000 in August 1945, the bulk stationed overseas

1101:

Arnold saw the need for unified control of air transport and bolstered by Pogue's memorandum, which recommended that at the least all Army air transportation should be unified under one command, submitted the issue to a board of officers with instructions to consider the whole problem. Before the

960:

During 1942, the South Atlantic route to West Africa and beyond assumed an importance far surpassing that of any of the others. In contrast to the slowness of the North Atlantic, South Pacific and Alaskan routes, the South Atlantic airway immediately came to support a heavy volume of air traffic

998:

in China were shipped by water to the west coast of Africa where they were assembled and flown overland to their destinations. And, while ferrying operations were increasing steadily, the air transport service in support of both ferrying and combat operations was enlarged and extended, albeit in

1171:

type operated by the domestic air carriers in excess of 200 and to refit them "for such transport services as will most effectively serve the war purposes of the United Nations." The transfer of the aircraft from the airlines to the War Department made it possible for the former also to release

1162:

More than 130 two- and four-engine transport aircraft had become available to the command by 1 July 1942, of which 10 or 15 were being flown by military crews and the remainder by the contract carriers. Many of these had come from new production, some were acquired from Air Service Command, but

1039:

Indeed, a limited view of the role of long-range air transportation in World War II persisted for some months after the US became an active belligerent. Not until the late spring and summer of 1942, when large backlogs of supplies awaiting air shipment to the front began to build up at ports of

371:

On 12 April 1941 plans were presented to the OCAC for the construction of a landing field on the west coast of Greenland for the staging of aircraft via Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland to the United Kingdom. This would make possible the ferrying of medium and light bombers across the North

844:

After the US entered World War II, it became clear that the fastest and most economical method of moving combat aircraft from the factory to the front, which might be 10,000 to 15,000 miles away due to the worldwide nature of the conflict, was to ferry them under their own power. Also, to keep

477:

was leased by the War Department as a concentration point for all aircraft, except for B-24s to be ferried directly from the Consolidated plant. The manufacturers provided civilian pilots to deliver the aircraft from their facilities to Long Beach, where an Air Corps procurement representative

415:) for thirty- to ninety-day tours of temporary duty. More highly qualified four-engine pilots of the Combat Command, as well as navigators and other crew members, were borrowed to fly the trans-Atlantic transport shuttle. In the summer and fall of 1941, approximately 200 pilots were trained at 319:

With the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, several European governments approached the United States for military equipment. They needed immediate help for the battles they might very soon have to fight on their own soil against invading German armies. The French ordered Douglas DB-7 (A-20)

1191:

bomber, was adopted for service with the ATC. The C-87 had a much longer range and higher service ceiling, making it a better choice for over-water transport flights, but its hurried conversion from a dedicated bomber design resulted in inevitable compromises that affected its reliability in

1142:

The new Air Transport Command was initially only a semi-military organization, with most of its leadership coming from the ranks of airline executives who accepted direct USAAF commissions, usually as colonels or majors. Until 1944, ATC also drew heavily on the airlines for manpower, using

1441:") in six regions. The division was reorganized 22 October 1944 into three component ferrying wings (East, West, and Central). The Ferrying Division absorbed the Domestic Transportation Wing (created March 1943 for military passenger and cargo service within the ZI) on 27 November 1944. 1159:

descriptive geographical names. On 5 July, they were redesignated the North Atlantic, Caribbean, South Atlantic, Africa-Middle East, and South Pacific wings. Over the course of the war, additional wings and divisions were created as the scope and complexity of the command increased.

1072:, Donald H. Connolly, to military service, appointing him Military Director of Civil Aviation and directing him to use EO 8974 to transfer the CAA and its regulatory control of the airlines to the Army Air Forces. L. Welch Pogue, chairman of the safety agency for civil aviation, the 3120:

Part I, Plans And Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942, Chapter 9: "The Early Development of Air Transport and Ferrying": Craven, Wesley and Cate, James, The Army Air Forces In World War II. New Imprint by the Office of Air Force History Washington, D.C.,

1314:, supported by the USAF, even though not listed as a formal military mission. When the ATC commander wrote a mission statement for the proposed new command he inserted "deployment of troops" as a mission, although the change had never been formally requested, the 981:

The earliest heavy bomber reinforcements sent to the US Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific following the Japanese attack traveled over the route, prepared, briefed, and supported by the Ferrying Command, as were most of the aircraft and crews that would form the

1306:

that the Air Force should have a long-range troop deployment capability, and began advocating that ATC transports could be used to deploy troops. Williams had been pressing for the development of a long-range troop carrier airplane when he made his statement.

973:

were capable of hauling cargo on the trans-Atlantic leg during the first six months of 1942, strained its facilities and personnel to the limit. Lend-lease aircraft and supplies were sent over the route to the British forces in Egypt and the Russians through

732:

Responsible for ferrying the product of the Boeing, Cessna and Beech plants at Wichita, Kansas; the Douglas plant at Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the North American factories at Dallas and Kansas City, the Consolidated plant at Fort Worth, and the Martin factory at

295:, Pennsylvania) distributed over the United States. In the early 1930s, the Air Corps began formally experimenting with the systematic use of air transport for the distribution of aviation supplies. The Materiel Division in 1932 established a provisional 1043:

In order to operate a worldwide air logistics system, maximum use would have to be made of the planes, men, and facilities of the civil airlines. The Ferrying Command was in no position to expand its own military transport services. The Air Corps and the

1229:

ATC transports were used primarily to deliver high value cargo and important personnel to overseas destinations. For example, ATC C-87s delivered new engines to Libya to replace those worn out on the B-24s used on the famous low-level mission against

1056:

during World War I and the driving force behind pre-war creation of the mobilization plan, delivered immediate full cooperation of the airlines from the first day of the war and is credited with persuading Roosevelt not to nationalize the airlines.

1040:

embarkation and when it became clear that almost unlimited demands would be made in future for the rapid movement of urgently needed materials and personnel, did the idea of air transport as a major instrument of logistics begin to take shape.

1211:. However, due to a lack of navigation aids, personnel, suitable airfields and maintenance facilities, and above all, sufficient multi-engine transport aircraft suited to the difficult flight conditions, tonnage levels flown to China over 2993:

Part I, Organization & Its Responsibilities, Chapter 2, "The AAF": Craven, Wesley and Cate, James, The Army Air Forces In World War II, Volume Six: "Men and Planes". New Imprint by the Office of Air Force History Washington, D.C.,

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was established as a separate service in 1947, the Air Transport Command was not established as one of its missions. The ATC commander and his staff took it upon themselves to convince the new civilian leadership of the newly created

1014:

the name implies, ferrying had been its main job, and during the period its pilots ferried 13,595 aircraft to final domestic destinations, while 632 planes were delivered to foreign destinations under the supervision of the command.

3073:

Administrative History of the Ferrying Command, 29 May 1941 – 30 June 1942. Army Air Forces Historical Studies: No. 33. Prepared by Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Intelligence, Historical Division, HQ USAAF, Washington, D.C., June

940:

could not be held, principally because the Japanese had cut the only sea and air lanes over which available reinforcements, such as they were, could reach General MacArthur. By the end of February 1942, the air connection between

1093:(before October 1941 known as the Air Corps Maintenance Command) had been operating a well-established air transport service within the continental United States for months before the Ferrying Command was established, using the 332:

ready for combat service. It was advantageous to fly the aircraft to a separate modification center where changes could be made, rather than implementing these changes on the production line that would interrupt production.

840:

From the domestic ferrying assignment it was only a step to the Command taking over the responsibility for delivering or supervising the delivery of AAF and lend-lease aircraft to theaters of war scattered across the world.

1179:

was the primary transport plane in use. At first, the C-47 was often fitted with long-range tanks for long flights, but as larger multi-engine aircraft became available, the C-47 was redeployed for use on shorter routes.

368:(OCAC) was notified by the War Department that he was authorized for training purposes to have military pilots conduct cross-country flights in aircraft destined for use by the British Government for training purposes. 234:

of aircraft from the manufacturing plants in the United States to where they were needed for training or for operational use in combat. ATC also operated a worldwide air transportation system for military personnel.

484:, Seattle, was the location of the second concentration center, for planes manufactured by Boeing. Other concentration centers used civilian airfields as they became available, as happened in Detroit and Nashville. 279:. From 1926 until 1942, the Air Corps’ logistical responsibilities were vested in the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps Materiel Division, with headquarters at Wright Field, Ohio and with four major depots (at 3600:

Stanley, William R. (1994), Trans-South Atlantic air link in World War II, Professor, Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Geo Journal, Issue Volume 33, Number 4 / August, 1994 pp. 459–463 ISSN

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administrative competence, and the mastery of techniques that came from long experience. The AAF, on the other hand, had no such expertise among its senior leadership nor experience from its nascent operations.

1061:

beyond the stage of being primarily a courier service or an adjunct of ferrying; it was well on the way to becoming a major instrument of logistical support to combat operations on the ground and in the air.

1448:(WASP), the Ferrying Division moved aircraft and parts from manufacturing plants in the United States to and between various training bases within the US and to Ports of Embarkation for overseas shipment ( 1589:

over the South Atlantic Route. During World War II, over 16,000 tactical and cargo aircraft transited this route, carrying over 100,000 crew personnel and passengers. Also operated transport routes to

1010:. While this route was not opened until late 1943, the US and Britain were at all times prepared to occupy the Azores, had the security and future use of this route been threatened by the Axis Powers. 933:. While this route was not opened until late 1943, the US and Britain were at all times prepared to occupy the Azores, had the security and future use of this route been threatened by the Axis Powers. 2153:") between airfields in India and China, formerly performed by the 10th AF India-China Ferrying Command, and operated a western Indian sector in Karachi. Responsible for the materiel support of the 2886:, Liberia. With the opening of an air base on Ascension Island in July 1942, the ocean crossing was divided into two fairly easy stages and ceased to be a serious operational problem The base on 2953: 1113:

A change of command at AAF Ferrying Command took place in the meantime. In March 1942 General Olds was stricken with a heart attack, and was replaced by Colonel (eventually Lieutenant General)

263:

air transportation system such as had never before been envisaged. That system, and its functions, soon became synonymous with the organization which controlled it, the Air Transport Command.

949:

was also cut due to the advance of Japanese forces into Southeast Asia, although some heavy bombers and other reinforcements from the US were able to get through before the Japanese captured

344:

However, the British Government had limited funds, and was rapidly running out of resources for the purchase of war materiel of all types from the United States. In the spring of 1941, the

646:

At the end of each route was the designated transfer point at which final inspections were accomplished and the aircraft transferred from Air Corps jurisdiction to representatives of the

3391:

Shaw, Frederick J. (2014), Locating Air Force Base Sites History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC, 2004. (Updated Edition, 2014)

1102:

board could make an official report, however, Arnold made a decision on 20 June 1942 which embodied substantially Pogue's second recommendation. The Ferrying Command was renamed the

431:

During the fall of 1941, Ferrying Command had assumed an additional responsibility for delivery of some AAF's own planes from factory to stations within the United States. After the

3574:

Hays, Otis Jr. The Alaska-Siberia Connection: The World War II Air Route (Williams-Ford Texas A&M University Military History Series). College Station, Texas: Tamu Press, 1996.

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Ferrying Division found it necessary to provide transition instruction on many planes, so its pilots could qualify on all major U.S. models. A transition school was established at

1802:(Scotland) as a courier service. Received aircraft flown from the United States across the North Atlantic Route. On 19 June 1942, it took over the transatlantic operations from 814:

Served the Martin plant at Baltimore; the Fairchild factory at Hagerstown, Maryland; Piper plant at Lock Haven, Pennsylvania and the Grumman and Republic plants on Long Island.

3764: 2835: 2762:

in the Assam Valley which was used as a transshipment point for supplies, equipment and aircraft ferried to Kunming Airport China over the Himalayas from Northeast India.

2677: 324:

which needed massive reinforcement, especially after the losses it incurred on the continent during the German invasion of the Low Countries and France during May 1940.

3769: 673:

were completed and opened for service early in 1942. Once the ferried aircraft reached the transfer point, the crew returned to either Seattle or Los Angeles by rail.

2735: 423:, especially for ferrying duty, although they were assigned to the Combat Command and served, as did the others, on temporary-duty status with the Ferrying Command. 2657: 1818:. It served as the operational component of ATC in Europe. Initially, it flew transport operations from the United Kingdom to Spain and Portugal, later on also to 2767: 2165:

operations. Four component wings in ICD: Assam Wing (activated 1 July 1944); India Wing (1 July 1944); Bengal Wing (1 December 1944); China Wing (1 December 1944)

230:

It had two main missions, the first being the delivery of supplies and equipment between the United States and the overseas combat theaters; the second was the

3488: 1249:

While little known the Caribbean Division And South Atlantic Divisions of ATC also operated its own small navy for rescue of downed pilots comprising converted

925:

Secondary routes between Australia and India, and between Australia and the Philippines were also developed. Later, a Mid-Atlantic route was developed via the

3774: 1124:

The ferrying of all aircraft within the United States and to destinations outside of the United States as directed by the Commanding General, Army Air Forces.

1302:(DOD) (and Secretaries of the Army and Air Force) that ATC had a mission. They seized upon testimony by former Troop Carrier Command commander Major General 478:

inspected the aircraft and turned them over to Ferrying Command. This facility was designated as Headquarters, Western Division, Air Corps Ferrying Command.

3754: 3422: 819: 796: 3444: 3749: 3532:

Part III Recruitment & Training, Chapter 20 Other Training Programs, "Ferry Pilots and Transport Crews"; Craven and Cate, The AAF in World War II

3499: 3477: 3541: 3455: 2723: 1069: 320:

two-engine light bombers; Curtiss P-36 Hawks, and some Curtiss P-40D Warhawks, although the P-40s were never delivered. However, it was Britain's

2021:

Established June 1943 from a split of the Africa-Middle East Wing. Moved aircraft, supplies and cargo from West African transport hub supporting

3563: 3552: 3433: 3722: 3717: 3712: 1120:

Effective 1 July 1942, the new Air Transport Command was given what the official history of the AAF described as "sweeping responsibilities":

3157:

Craven & Cate, Section Four: The Air Transport Command Responsibilities, Chapter 9: "The Early Development of Air Transport and Ferrying"

2895: 887: 806: 2754:

airport on the Cairo-Karachi route, used by ATC as a refueling field for ferrying aircraft over Middle East or Central African Route to

470:

required a series of organizations to accept the aircraft from the manufacturer, and provide a ferrying crew to transport the aircraft.

2859: 1130:

The transportation by air of personnel, materiel, and mail for all War Department agencies, except those served by Troop Carrier units.

898: 307:, intended to serve one of the four major air depots in the distribution of spare parts to Army airbases. The group, redesignated the 3400: 2439: 497: 1971:. Responsible for moving aircraft, personnel and cargo from West African transport hubs over the Trans-Africa Route via Khartoum to 2930:

in the Philippines. With the Japanese conquests in the Western Pacific in 1942, the route was changed into be a supply route to

487:

From the West Coast, the ferrying routes (as initially laid down) and their corresponding transatlantic transport method were:

20: 2934:, with several routes cries-crossing the Pacific, and eventually returning to the Philippines and after the end of the war to 411:

Ferrying Command relied initially on two-engine and single-engine pilots detailed from the Air Force Combat Command (formerly

348:

was committed to give all possible help, short of actual combat, to the United Kingdom and the remnants of her allies against

3759: 3175: 1422:

Established 1 July 1942, to replace the Domestic Wing, Army Air Forces Ferrying Command, established 28 December 1941 as the

1081:

instead control and direct such a service, primarily composed of pilots and aircraft contracted from U.S. civilian airlines.

653:

To replace and supplement Montreal as a transfer point, Ferrying Command then initiated development of airfields in northern

3296: 1265:(July 1945), ATC carried 275,000 passengers (50,000 domestically) and 100,000 tons of mail and cargo, 96.7% of it overseas. 3247: 1045: 345: 1146:

At the time it was redesignated and given its enlarged mission, the command was already in the process of reorganization.

1299: 275:

It wasn't until the 1920s that the development of cargo and personnel transport aircraft began with aircraft such as the

2414: 2360: 2273: 1496:

1 July 1942. The division was dissolved in March 1943 and its wings placed directly under command of Headquarters ATC.

864:, earliest to be developed for military purposes, provided an air connection between the Eastern US and Britain, while 3677: 3649: 3579: 3271: 3218: 1127:

The control, operation, and maintenance of establishments and facilities on air routes outside of the United States.

712:

Served the Consolidated, North American, Vultee, Douglas, Lockheed, Ryan, Northrup and Vega factories in California.

2340: 1375: 365: 3672:

Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History.

1677:

Responsible for operating the South Atlantic Route from Waller Field, Trinidad along the north-eastern coast of

3744: 1053: 412: 239: 1445: 1382: 1303: 1250: 1218:

As the war progressed, ATC received improved aircraft types for transport duty, including the Curtiss-Wright

224: 103: 1110:

to reflect its mission of training crews and units for the combat lifts of parachute and airborne infantry.

380: 1749: 474: 404:

on 29 May 1941, to deliver lend-lease aircraft overseas from the US. Commanded and organized by Brig. Gen.

2610: 1461: 272:

the Ports of Embarkation along the East Coast for subsequent sea shipment to the battlefields of France.

2811: 2511: 1682: 1315: 3351:

Stanley M. Ulanoff, MATS: The Story of the Military Air Transport Service, 1964, The Moffa Press, Inc.

1068:

In January 1942, Arnold established the AAF Office of Civil Aviation and recalled the chairman of the

539:

Route Three: Short-range, light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross the North Atlantic by ship

2652:, Alaska Territory. Ladd is where Soviet pilots took over the ferrying mission into the Soviet Union 2641: 2594: 2527: 2403:

Used by ATC for final check and inspection of Foreign Military Sales aircraft (Concentration Command)

2312: 1310:

The DOD believed it should have its own air transport service and decided that ATC should become the

1254: 2778:. Flown by long-range C-54s fitted with auxiliary fuel tanks only from Morrison Field, Florida via 1892:

to provide connections with intra-European routes after 1944 as part of the North Atlantic Division.

157: 139: 2460: 1469: 1363: 995: 416: 337: 246:(MAC) in 1966. It was consolidated with MAC in 1982, providing a continuous history of long range 243: 3729: 2834:, direct ferrying route between the Northeast United States and the United Kingdom. Originated at 2688:, set up by Pan American pilots prior to the Axis capitulation in Tunisia in 1943. Originated at 1900:

Middle East Wing (established as 26th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated 1 July 1942 as

2907: 2668:. List of ATC stations in the Caribbean, originating at Morrison Field, Florida; terminating at 2552: 2494: 2477: 2175:

Established January 1943 from a split of the South Pacific Wing. Operated a transport route from

2081: 1449: 1389: 1294: 1107: 1073: 954: 868: 463: 435:, the ferry of aircraft within the United States quickly became a major function of the Command. 296: 216: 2782:, Bermuda, across the Atlantic to one of three RAF airfields in the Azores. Then connected to 2645: 2597:

ferrying base in California as early as July 1941; others were set up in the spring of 1942 at

2569: 2320: 2315:

was Headquarters, ATC Eastern Pacific Wing (Formerly Alaskan Sector, Continental Division, ATC)

1531: 1184: 966: 196: 41: 3329: 2938:

where an extension of the India-China Route allowed a complete circumnavigation of the world.

2606: 2093: 2085: 1716: 1636: 670: 669:. Although Millinocket was abandoned during construction, the Presque Isle Army Airfield and 455: 57: 3635:

The Army Almanac, Armed Forces Information School (U.S), Washington. D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1950

2879: 2823: 2248: 2154: 2133: 1686: 1535: 1438: 861: 632: 612: 586: 451: 308: 288: 251: 62:

C-46 Commando flying "The Hump" over the Himalayan Mountain Range from Burma to China, 1945

24: 1546:, Alaska, where Soviet pilots collected the aircraft to fly them westward to air bases in 1207:

airlift operation, as he believed that ATC would do a better job of transporting cargo to

8: 3660:

Army Air forces in World War II: The Air Transport Command, VII Services Around the World

3624: 3610: 2466:

To ATC April 1944. Became Sub-Base of Homestead AAF FL Four Engine Pilot Training School

2210: 2176: 2146: 2026: 1732:

Operated North Atlantic Route for aircraft, personnel and cargo from Presque Isle AAF to

1543: 1090: 788: 658: 432: 300: 3644:

Harkavy, Robert E. (2007), Strategic basing and the great powers, 1200–2000, Routledge,

755:

Accepted Vultee planes produced in Nashville and Curtiss-Wright aircraft from St. Louis.

49: 3510: 3466: 3411: 2803: 2712: 2649: 2535: 2297: 2222: 1963:

Established June 1943 from a split of the Africa-Middle East Wing with headquarters in

1807: 1616: 1515: 1239: 1135: 760: 738: 717: 697: 666: 238:

Inactivated on 1 June 1948, Air Transport Command was the precursor to what became the

2483:

To ATC January 1945, became Ferrying Division Single, Two Engine Pilot Training School

1664:

South Atlantic Wing (established as 24th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated

3673: 3645: 3575: 3267: 3214: 3171: 3025: 3014: 2851: 2715:, Union of South Africa, carrying valuable minerals from Central and Southern Africa. 2206: 2022: 1799: 1733: 1644: 1640: 1624: 1200: 1163:

others became available as the result of a presidential order of 6 May directing the

1094: 776: 647: 509: 501: 98: 16:

United States Army Air Forces command responsible for transport and ferrying aircraft

1277:

football team with several notable former college and professional players, such as

2887: 2883: 2815: 2751: 2693: 2640:. List of ATC stations located in Canada and the Alaska Territory, originating at 2198: 2180: 1835: 1811: 1690: 1652: 1523: 1164: 1114: 1049: 640: 606:

Route Four B: Short-range light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross by ship

572:

Route Four A: Short-range light bombardment and training aircraft, to cross by ship

459: 2774:

Established in 1943 after the Portuguese government allowed British Leases in the

3707:. Office of Statistical Control, Headquarters AAF. Washington, D.C. December 1945 3316: 3300: 3293: 3251: 3003: 2807: 2791: 2759: 2244: 2202: 2162: 1917:

to destinations in the Middle East. Operated the Eastern Mediterranean Route via

1823: 1632: 1598: 1594: 1564:

Caribbean Wing (established as 27th AAF Ferrying Wing 19 June 1942; redesignated

1551: 1318:

either allowed it to remain or overlooked it when signing the mission statement.

991: 983: 594: 545: 531: 439: 397: 321: 276: 3244: 2469:

Sub Unit C, 113th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Heavy)

3699:

Operation Lifeline – History and Development of the Naval Air Transport Service

2871: 2669: 2397: 2063:

Pacific Wing (established as 25th AAF Ferrying Wing 27 June 1942; redesignated

2034: 1992: 1819: 1223: 1188: 970: 780: 662: 624: 549: 523: 393: 389: 356: 181: 3738: 2915: 2779: 2689: 2614: 2452: 2380: 2145:

Established 1 December 1942. Responsible for transport operations across the

2109: 1865: 1861: 1757: 1678: 1648: 1578: 1434: 1278: 1219: 1176: 906: 636: 628: 280: 87: 3611:

Volume VII, Services Around the World. The Army Air Forces in World War II

2911: 2839: 2783: 2629: 2598: 2029:. Also part of South Atlantic Route transport extension via West Africa to 1946: 1914: 1753: 1582: 1405: 1007: 930: 876: 481: 349: 328: 304: 231: 220: 148: 133: 2625:

Overseas ATC stations are listed and described in the following articles:

2581:

Used for ferrying aircraft to Alaska from eastern US manufacturing plants.

2308:

Used for ferrying aircraft to Alaska from western US manufacturing plants.

1530:) to transport airborne lend-lease aircraft and support material from the 994:

in India. Fighter aircraft for the Ninth and Tenth Air Forces and for the

3625:

Chapter 4, The North Atlantic Route. The Army Air Forces in World War II

3313:

Flying the Hump: A Fact Sheet for the Hump Operations During World War II

2927: 2919: 2727: 2708: 2697: 2602: 2256: 2113: 1984: 1827: 1694: 1612: 1196: 1077: 987: 957:. Fortunately for the Allies, the five remaining major routes were held. 937: 910: 902: 561: 517:

Route Two: Heavy bombers capable of crossing the North Atlantic by flight

491:

Route One: Heavy bombers capable of crossing the North Atlantic by flight

405: 292: 1231: 1139:

its personnel transferred to ATC to end the division of responsibility.

848: 2747: 2291: 2252: 2038: 2030: 1888:

from early 1943. Later operated routes from the Azores to Portugal and

1745: 1698: 1604: 1453: 962: 784: 620: 657:, some 300 miles nearer the United Kingdom than the Canadian city, at 2931: 2843: 2711:

in the United Arab Emirates; The 14th Ferrying Group flew south to

2238:

Southwest Pacific Wing (activated on 1 August 1944, Pacific Division)

1777: 1765: 1737: 1601: 1234:. An emergency shipment of artillery fuzes helped win the battle of 1027: 950: 946: 891: 565: 420: 284: 2214: 2150: 2121: 2089: 2004: 1996: 1964: 1881: 1761: 1702: 1586: 1212: 1204: 590: 582: 505: 2229:, Japan in 1945. A transport route was established from Manila to 46:

Air Transport Command C-47 Skytrain flying over the Pyramids, 1944

2847: 2755: 2276:

connecting Hawaii, Australia, the Philippines, Okinawa and Japan.

2230: 2117: 2046: 2000: 1983:(India). This was discontinued when the route along the coast of 1980: 1942: 1938: 1885: 1873: 1843: 1741: 1547: 1457: 880: 616: 447: 247: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 2192:

Central Pacific Wing (activated 1 August 1944, Pacific Division)

2187:

aircraft to Alaska. Component of Pacific Division 1 August 1944.

2112:

for cargo and passengers. Later on, links were established with

1860:

Operated the Mid-Atlantic Route from the Eastern United States (

856:

During 1941, four major air routes were developed. These were:

3168:

On the Ground: Labor Struggles in the American Airline Industry

2875: 2775: 2541:

ATC High Altitude Training School (C-46/C-47 for "Hump" Pilots)

2218: 2184: 2105: 2050: 1930: 1926: 1889: 1877: 1847: 1831: 1781: 1773: 1697:. It also operated routes along the eastern coast of Brazil to 1656: 1628: 1608: 1590: 1539: 1519: 1473: 1235: 1003: 975: 926: 872: 553: 467: 443: 336:

began ferrying US-built bombers across the North Atlantic from

2451:

Alaska Route Staging Base, also RAF Sales to Canada. Planned "

1444:

Operated primarily by civilian contract pilots, including the

384:

Long Beach Army Air Field California Sixth Ferrying Group book

311:

in 1937, also transported supplies from one depot to another.

3194: 2935: 2226: 2158: 2042: 1995:

became available in 1943. Also operated a transport route to

1988: 1972: 1968: 1922: 1869: 1839: 1620: 1527: 1465: 1243: 1208: 942: 918: 914: 654: 578: 557: 396:

sea lanes vulnerable to German U-boat attacks, Major General

2957: 1433:

Initially conducted aircraft ferrying operations within the

2923: 2874:, British Guiana and went through the easternmost point of 2726:, Senegal via French Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya into 2125: 2101: 2097: 1976: 1934: 1769: 1168: 677:

six geographic sectors. The sectors and headquarters were:

598: 527: 3713:

Tables 1–73, Combat Groups, Personnel, Training, and Crews

2272:

Postwar reorganization of Pacific transport routes within

1195:

In 1942, at the personal request of General 'Hap' Arnold,

1106:

and the organization already bearing that name became the

299:

with four transport squadrons, each of them equipped with

1918: 1803: 1768:. In 1945, it operated a transport route from Iceland to 852:

Major trunk air routes of AAF Ferrying Command, June 1942

388:

The British ferrying service was well under way when the

250:

through 1992 when the mission was transferred to today's

3315:, (USAAF) China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater of Operations 2037:. Operated the Mediterranean Air Transport Service from 1913:

Delivered lend-lease aircraft, personnel and cargo from

1172:

additional crews for employment in military operations.

1134:

In addition, before the end of June plans by the Army's

3730:

Sixth Ferrying Group Year Book – Long Beach, California

2977:, Tables 11 and 20 (personnel) and Table 204 (aircraft) 2007:(South Africa Rep.) via Elizabethville (Belgian Congo). 2003:

to the United States. This route was later extended to

1822:. Clandestine transport operations were also made into 3243:, Air Force Association Magazine (March 1991) Vol. 74 775:

Accepted deliveries from the Curtiss-Wright plants at

327:

The idea of developing a regular military service for

3685:

MATS: The Story of the Military Air Transport Service

1921:(British-Mandated Palestine) and Beirut (Lebanon) to 978:, with a smaller volume going via India into China. 54:

C-54 Skymaster of the ATC Pacific Division taking off

3765:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1948

2558:

ATC Specialized Night and Instrument Training School

1084: 1031:

Air Transport Command major routes, 1 September 1945

692:

Responsible for all deliveries from Boeing Aircraft.

113:

Worldwide transport of aircraft, personnel and cargo

1615:. Also operated an aircraft ferrying route between 3511:AFHRA Document 00172776 Greenwood Army Air Base MS 2806:, Washington along the British Columbian Coast to 2386:Opened 1941, transfer point for planes sold to RAF 2326:Headquarters ATC Pacific Division, West Coast Wing 1002:Later, a Mid-Atlantic route was developed via the 3770:Military units and formations established in 1942 3692:The United States Army Air Forces in World War II 2267:Western Pacific Wing (activated on 10 April 1946) 2264:Eastern Pacific Wing (activated on 10 April 1946) 125:209,201 personnel; 3,224 transports (August 1945) 3736: 3705:Army Air Forces Statistical Digest, World War II 3327: 1925:(Turkey. It also ferried lend-lease aircraft to 1175:In the beginning of ATC operations, the Douglas 611:Long Beach to Tucson; then via Midland; Dallas; 123:30,518 personnel; 346 transports (December 1942) 2605:, Nashville (568th Army Air Forces Base Unit), 1577:Transported aircraft, personnel and cargo from 3317:http://www.cbi-history.com/part_xii_hump5.html 3294:http://www.atalink.org/hallfame/c.r.smith.html 3284: 3282: 3280: 2179:to Elmendorf AAF, Alaska, along the coast of 1479: 1215:did not appreciably increase until late 1943. 3775:Major commands of the United States Air Force 3245:http://www.afa.org/magazine/1991/0391hump.asp 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 888:South Pacific air ferry route in World War II 375: 189:Air Corps Ferrying Command Distinctive Badge 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 936:By early 1942, it had become clear that the 3755:1948 disestablishments in the United States 3723:Tables 118–218 Operations and Miscellaneous 3412:AFHRA Document 00172675, Great Falls AAB MT 3277: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 1117:, who remained as ATC's wartime commander. 708:, Long Beach Municipal Airport, California 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 2080:Operated the South Pacific Air Route from 771:, Wayne County Airport, Romulus, Michigan 223:as the strategic airlift component of the 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3266:, New York: Simon & Schuster (1961), 3213:, New York: Simon & Schuster (1961), 3187:Serling, Robert J. "America's Airlines," 3124: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3015:Baugher, Curtiss Hawk with Armee de l'Air 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2517:ATC Specialized Fighter Transition School 1408:, Virginia, 15 January 1943 – 1 June 1948 3750:1942 establishments in the United States 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3077: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 1810:at Prestwick to ferry passengers to the 1026: 1017: 847: 577:Long Beach to Tucson; then via Midland; 379: 121:11,000 personnel at creation (June 1942) 3585: 3467:AFHRA Document 00180405 Lunken Field OH 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3340: 3224: 3191:, September 1977, Vol. 63 No. 9, p. 229 3004:Baugher, Douglas DB-7 in French Service 2970: 2968: 2966: 1526:. Controlled the Alaska-Siberia Route ( 392:became law on 11 March 1941. With the 174:Patch with Air Transport Command emblem 3737: 3620: 3618: 3515: 2980: 2375:Embarkation Base, North Atlantic Route 2355:Embarkation Base, South Atlantic Route 1830:in 1943. Routes were established into 1273:The Air Transport Command fielded the 450:and the Southern California plants of 23:. For the current active command, see 21:Air Transport Command (disambiguation) 3701:, 1947, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company 3489:AFHRA Search Romulus Army Airfield MI 3030: 2455:" Embarkation Base (never developed) 1999:(Belgian Congo) for the transport of 1550:. Also operated transport route into 1402:Gravelly Point, Virginia, 29 May 1941 426: 3718:Tables 74–117 Aircraft and Equipment 3354: 2963: 2958:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2620: 2366:Headquarters ATC North Atlantic Wing 2285: 1715:North Atlantic Wing (established as 1514:Established October 1942. Supported 1484:Established 28 December 1941 as the 1417: 1167:to commandeer all transports of the 1046:Air Transport Association of America 835: 751:, Berry Field, Nashville, Tennessee 688:, Boeing Field, Seattle, Washington 680: 3615: 3336:. Hearst Magazines. pp. 72–74. 1954:Central African Wing (redesignated 1685:(Brazil) and from there across the 1412: 894:and islands of the Western Pacific. 810:, Logan Field, Baltimore, Maryland 438:To ferry aircraft purchased by the 13: 3328:Hearst Magazines (February 1945). 2217:. The route was later extended to 1492:on 26 February 1942; redesignated 1022: 791:) and the Bell factory at Buffalo. 14: 3786: 3290:Major General Cyrus Rowlett Smith 2838:, Maine, routed to ATC bases in 2564:ATC 1st Operational Training Unit 2523:ATC 4th Operational Training Unit 2489:ATC 6th Replacement Training Unit 2472:ATC 5th Replacement Training Unit 2429:North Atlantic Route Staging Base 2392:North Atlantic Route Staging Base 2369:23d Army Air Forces Ferrying Wing 2012:North African Wing (redesignated 1392:, 18 September 1947 – 1 June 1948 1362:Consolidated on 13 May 1982 with 1085:Creation of Air Transport Command 890:connected the US via Hawaii with 3170:. University of Illinois Press. 2952: This article incorporates 2947: 2890:was located on British territory 2547:ATC 3d Operational Training Unit 2506:ATC 2d Operational Training Unit 2423:ATC Long-Range Navigation School 2372:1380th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2280: 1376:Office of the Chief of Air Corps 1345:Army Air Forces Ferrying Command 1070:Civil Aeronautics Administration 366:Office of the Chief of Air Corps 195: 180: 156: 147: 138: 97: 80: 56: 48: 40: 3666: 3654: 3638: 3629: 3604: 3568: 3557: 3546: 3535: 3504: 3493: 3482: 3471: 3460: 3449: 3438: 3434:AFHRA Search, Morrison Field FL 3427: 3423:AFHRA Search, Hamilton Field CA 3416: 3405: 3394: 3330:"The Army's Navy to the Rescue" 3321: 3305: 3256: 3181: 2707:from Khartoum across Arabia to 2575:7th Ferrying Group (Detachment) 2561:561st Army Air Forces Base Unit 2544:566th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2526:Moved in the spring of 1944 to 2520:459th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2503:427th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2500:ATC Four Engine Training School 2486:590th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2406:586th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2389:378th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2352:1103d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2346:Headquarters ATC Caribbean Wing 2335:Embarkation Base, Pacific Route 2332:1503d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2302:557th Army Air Forces Base Unit 2197:Operated route from Hawaii via 1756:. Operated transport routes to 1396: 1006:to link the US with Europe and 961:that, because only four former 929:to link the US with Europe and 728:, Hensley Field, Dallas, Texas 650:or the British Air Commission. 3456:AFHRA Search, Houlton Field ME 3160: 3019: 3008: 2997: 2914:, Hawaii. Pr-war it went via 2910:, California and initially to 2718:After September 1943, The ATC 2686:South Atlantic Air Ferry Route 2666:South Atlantic Air Ferry Route 2578:Embarkation Base, Alaska Route 2448:553d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2426:552d Army Air Forces Base Unit 2305:Embarkation Base, Alaska Route 2071:in January 1943; redesignated 1929:(Iran) for onward shipment to 1814:. Established January 1943 as 1581:airfields (Morrison Field) to 1369: 1312:Military Air Transport Service 1284: 899:South Atlantic air ferry route 240:Military Air Transport Service 1: 3690:Office of Air Force History, 3687:, 1964, The Moffa Press, Inc. 3445:AFHRA Search, Presque Isle ME 3311:CBI Hump Pilots Association, 2942: 2786:, Casablanca, French Morocco. 2067:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1723:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1668:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1568:on 1 July 1942; redesignated 1446:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1383:United States Army Air Forces 1338:Army Air Forces Ferry Command 1187:, a transport version of the 1149: 314: 242:in 1948 and was redesignated 225:United States Army Air Forces 219:unit that was created during 104:United States Army Air Forces 3760:Air force transport commands 3292:, Air Transport Association 2648:, Minnesota; terminating at 1937:. A connecting route linked 1904:; redesignated June 1943 as 1789:European Wing (redesignated 1647:and along the west coast of 1281:of the Pittsburgh Steelers. 601:and Wayne County to Montreal 534:and Wayne County to Montreal 475:Long Beach Municipal Airport 473:In Southern California, the 7: 3694:, edited by Craven and Cate 3401:AFHRA Search, Gore Field MT 3026:Curtiss P-40D (Kittyhawk I) 2611:Baltimore Municipal Airport 2205:for logistical support for 1719:20 June 1942; redesignated 1505:Alaskan Wing (redesignated 1494:Air Transportation Division 1480:Air Transportation Division 1357:Discontinued on 1 June 1948 871:connected mainland US with 191:(Approved 14 November 1941) 176:(Approved 30 November 1942) 10: 3791: 3500:AFHRA Search Charleston SC 3478:AFHRA Search New Castle DE 2836:Presque Isle Army Airfield 2812:Alexai Point Army Airfield 2750:, India, a former British 2512:Palm Springs Army Airfield 2409:Staging Base for RAF Sales 2343:, West Palm Beach, Florida 1329:Air Corps Ferrying Command 1321: 1316:Secretary of the Air Force 1183:In 1942, the Consolidated 402:Air Corps Ferrying Command 376:Air Corps Ferrying Command 266: 257: 18: 3542:AFHRA Search Homestead FL 2642:Great Falls Army Air Base 2595:Long Beach Army Air Field 2528:Brownsville Army Airfield 2415:New Castle County Airport 2313:Great Falls Army Air Base 1979:(South Arabia) and on to 1643:, it flew a route to the 1470:Anchorage-Elmendorf Field 1268: 188: 173: 168: 129: 117: 109: 93: 75: 67: 39: 34: 3553:AFHRA Search Reno Nevada 2572:, Minneapolis, Minnesota 2461:Charleston Army Airfield 2033:(French Morocco) and to 1956:Central African Division 1798:Created in July 1941 at 1538:via Central and Western 1364:Military Airlift Command 1199:, formerly president of 996:American Volunteer Group 355:With the passage of the 346:Roosevelt Administration 244:Military Airlift Command 2868:South Atlantic Division 2720:North Atlantic Division 2638:Northwest Staging Route 2553:Rosecrans Army Airfield 2495:Homestead Army Airfield 2478:Greenwood Army Airfield 2243:Logistical support for 2120:, Solomon Islands with 2045:(Egypt) and later from 1902:Africa-Middle East Wing 1834:in 1944 and throughout 1764:and onward to bases in 1725:North Atlantic Division 1670:South Atlantic Division 1390:United States Air Force 1295:United States Air Force 1108:I Troop Carrier Command 1074:Civil Aeronautics Board 955:Netherlands East Indies 869:Northwest Staging Route 726:* Middle Western Sector 341:to less than ten days. 297:1st Air Transport Group 217:United States Air Force 3166:Orenic, Liesl (2009). 2975:AAF Statistical Digest 2954:public domain material 2646:Wold/Chamberlain Field 2570:Wold/Chamberlain Field 2555:, St. Joseph, Missouri 2417:, Wilmington, Delaware 2349:26th Ferrying Squadron 2294:, Great Falls, Montana 2014:North African Division 1532:Minneapolis, Minnesota 1486:Foreign Division, ACFC 1424:Domestic Division ACFC 1185:C-87 Liberator Express 1032: 853: 385: 3745:Air Transport Command 3564:AFHRA Search, Wold MN 2705:Middle East Wing flew 2696:, Khartoum, north to 2678:Central African Route 2607:Romulus Army Airfield 2249:Thirteenth Air Forces 2183:primarily to deliver 1884:to ferry aircraft to 1750:Stephenville Air Base 1717:23d AAF Ferrying Wing 1559:Central/South America 1430:on 26 February 1942. 1352:Air Transport Command 1300:Department of Defense 1104:Air Transport Command 1030: 1018:Air Transport Command 963:Pan American Clippers 851: 671:Houlton Army Airfield 383: 209:Air Transport Command 35:Air Transport Command 3683:Stanley M. Ulanoff, 2880:South Atlantic Ocean 2860:South Atlantic Route 2824:North Atlantic Route 2810:, Alaska then on to 2758:. Crossed India to 2744:India-China Division 2440:Wayne County Airport 2211:Twentieth Air Forces 2155:Fourteenth Air Force 2138:India-China Division 2128:, Dutch East Indies. 2041:(French Morocco) to 2027:Fifteenth Air Forces 1687:South Atlantic Ocean 1536:Great Falls, Montana 1439:Zone of the Interior 1428:Domestic Wing, AAFFC 1076:, then wrote to the 862:North Atlantic route 613:Jackson, Mississippi 498:Wayne County Airport 309:10th Transport Group 301:Bellanca Aircruisers 252:Air Mobility Command 153:Asia-Pacific Theater 25:Air Mobility Command 19:For other uses, see 2896:South Pacific Route 2832:North Atlantic Wing 2792:North Pacific Route 2613:, Maryland, and at 2442:, Romulus, Michigan 2329:18th Ferrying Group 2177:Seattle, Washington 2147:Himalayan Mountains 2088:, Hawaii to either 2058:Pacific/CBI Theater 1945:, India, along the 1746:RCAF Station Gander 1721:North Atlantic Wing 1666:South Atlantic Wing 1490:Foreign Wing, AAFFC 1327:Established as the 1095:50th Transport Wing 1091:Air Service Command 1052:, a colonel in the 999:piecemeal fashion. 969:, and 11 converted 901:linked the US with 789:Ypsilanti, Michigan 706:* California Sector 433:Pearl Harbor attack 3299:2008-09-05 at the 3264:Fate Is The Hunter 3250:2008-07-08 at the 3211:Fate Is The Hunter 2804:Gray Army Airfield 2768:Mid-Atlantic Route 2713:Wonderboom Airport 2650:Ladd Army Airfield 2636:Also known as the 2536:Reno Army Airfield 2400:, Cincinnati, Ohio 2361:Presque Isle Field 2298:7th Ferrying Group 2274:Far East Air Force 2065:South Pacific Wing 1895:Africa/Middle East 1808:Northeast Airlines 1570:Caribbean Division 1516:Eleventh Air Force 1462:Presque Isle Field 1456:; Morrison Field, 1255:Catalina seaplanes 1136:Services of Supply 1033: 854: 761:4th Ferrying Group 749:* Nashville Sector 739:5th Ferrying Group 718:6th Ferrying Group 698:7th Ferrying Group 686:* Northwest Sector 427:ACFC Domestic Wing 386: 3334:Popular Mechanics 3176:978-0-252-03433-6 2852:Prestwick Airport 2736:India-China Route 2684:Extension of the 2672:, British Guiana. 2621:Overseas Stations 2590: 2589: 2445:3d Ferrying Group 2420:2d Ferrying Group 2255:and later to the 2096:, Australia, via 2084:, California via 1800:Prestwick Airport 1791:European Division 1744:or directly from 1734:Prestwick Airport 1701:(Uruguay) and to 1645:Galapagos Islands 1641:Panama Canal Zone 1625:Panama Canal Zone 1597:, (Bahamas); and 1426:and redesignated 1418:Ferrying Division 1251:submarine chasers 1201:American Airlines 836:ACFC Foreign Wing 832: 831: 820:2d Ferrying Group 797:3d Ferrying Group 777:Buffalo, New York 648:RAF Ferry Command 502:Romulus, Michigan 203: 202: 192: 177: 3782: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3622: 3613: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3583: 3572: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3550: 3544: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3352: 3349: 3338: 3337: 3325: 3319: 3309: 3303: 3286: 3275: 3260: 3254: 3237: 3222: 3207: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3122: 3118: 3075: 3071: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3012: 3006: 3001: 2995: 2991: 2978: 2972: 2951: 2950: 2904:Pacific Division 2888:Ascension Island 2884:Roberts Airfield 2816:Aleutian Islands 2752:Imperial Airways 2694:Khartoum Airport 2463:, South Carolina 2286: 2225:; and lastly to 2199:Marshall Islands 2181:British Columbia 2140:on 1 July 1944.) 2134:India-China Wing 2075:on 24 July 1944) 2073:Pacific Division 2053:(Italy) in 1944. 1906:Middle East Wing 1836:Occupied Germany 1812:European Theater 1736:, Scotland, via 1691:Ascension Island 1653:Salinas, Ecuador 1524:Aleutian Islands 1507:Alaskan Division 1413:Major Components 1347:on 31 March 1942 1222:and the Douglas 1165:Secretary of War 1115:Harold L. George 1050:Edgar S. Gorrell 967:TWA Stratoliners 953:and overran the 807:Northeast Sector 769:* Detroit Sector 681: 522:Boeing Field to 496:Boeing Field to 400:established the 372:Atlantic Ocean. 199: 190: 184: 175: 160: 151: 144:American Theater 142: 101: 86: 84: 83: 60: 52: 44: 32: 31: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3735: 3734: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3586: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3516: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3355: 3350: 3341: 3326: 3322: 3310: 3306: 3301:Wayback Machine 3287: 3278: 3261: 3257: 3252:Wayback Machine 3241:Flying the Hump 3238: 3225: 3208: 3195: 3189:Flying Magazine 3186: 3182: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3125: 3119: 3078: 3072: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2981: 2973: 2964: 2948: 2945: 2878:and across the 2808:Elmendorf Field 2800:West Coast Wing 2760:Chabua Airfield 2658:Caribbean Route 2623: 2591: 2433: 2283: 2221:, Philippines; 2203:Mariana Islands 2170:West Coast Wing 2163:Tenth Air Force 2016:on 1 July 1944) 1975:(Egypt) and to 1958:on 1 July 1944) 1824:Occupied Europe 1793:on 1 July 1944) 1727:on 1 July 1944) 1672:on 1 July 1944) 1633:Central America 1599:Sixth Air Force 1572:on 1 July 1944) 1552:Northern Canada 1509:on 1 July 1944) 1488:; redesignated 1482: 1420: 1415: 1399: 1372: 1340:on 9 March 1942 1324: 1287: 1271: 1152: 1087: 1025: 1023:Change of roles 1020: 992:Tenth Air Force 984:Ninth Air Force 971:B-24 Liberators 838: 833: 828: 595:Patterson Field 546:Tucson, Arizona 532:Omaha, Nebraska 440:Royal Air Force 429: 417:Barksdale Field 398:Henry H. Arnold 378: 322:Royal Air Force 317: 277:Boeing Model 40 269: 260: 206: 161: 152: 143: 124: 122: 81: 79: 63: 61: 55: 47: 45: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3788: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3702: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3653: 3637: 3628: 3614: 3603: 3584: 3567: 3556: 3545: 3534: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3481: 3470: 3459: 3448: 3437: 3426: 3415: 3404: 3393: 3353: 3339: 3320: 3304: 3288:Hall of Fame, 3276: 3262:Gann, Ernest, 3255: 3239:Glines, C.V., 3223: 3209:Gann, Ernest, 3193: 3180: 3159: 3123: 3076: 3029: 3018: 3007: 2996: 2979: 2961: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2908:Hamilton Field 2899: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2872:Atkinson Field 2863: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2771: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2730:, Cairo Egypt. 2716: 2701: 2700:, Cairo Egypt. 2681: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2670:Atkinson Field 2661: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2644:, Montana and 2633: 2632: 2622: 2619: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2457: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398:Lunken Airport 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341:Morrison Field 2337: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321:Hamilton Field 2317: 2316: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2295: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2142: 2141: 2136:(redesignated 2130: 2129: 2082:Hamilton Field 2077: 2076: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2018: 2017: 2009: 2008: 1993:French Morocco 1960: 1959: 1951: 1950: 1910: 1909: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1876:and on to the 1857: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1820:French Morocco 1795: 1794: 1786: 1785: 1758:Goose Air Base 1729: 1728: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1674: 1673: 1661: 1660: 1607:bases, and to 1574: 1573: 1566:Caribbean Wing 1561: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1511: 1510: 1502: 1501: 1481: 1478: 1450:Hamilton Field 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1388:Headquarters, 1386: 1385:, 9 March 1942 1381:Headquarters, 1379: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1354:on 1 July 1942 1348: 1341: 1333: 1332: 1331:on 29 May 1941 1323: 1320: 1286: 1283: 1270: 1267: 1224:C-54 Skymaster 1189:B-24 Liberator 1151: 1148: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1086: 1083: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 923: 922: 895: 884: 865: 837: 834: 830: 829: 826: 825: 824: 822:, 28 May 1942. 815: 802: 801: 799:, 28 May 1942. 792: 781:Columbus, Ohio 766: 765: 763:, 28 May 1942. 756: 745: 744: 743: 741:, 28 May 1942. 734: 723: 722: 720:, 28 May 1942. 713: 703: 702: 700:, 28 May 1942. 693: 679: 644: 643: 625:North Carolina 608: 607: 603: 602: 574: 573: 569: 568: 544:Long Beach to 541: 540: 536: 535: 524:Salt Lake City 519: 518: 514: 513: 493: 492: 464:North American 428: 425: 394:North Atlantic 390:Lend-Lease Act 377: 374: 357:Lend-Lease Act 316: 313: 283:, California; 268: 265: 259: 256: 204: 201: 200: 193: 186: 185: 178: 171: 170: 166: 165: 164: 163: 154: 145: 131: 127: 126: 119: 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 95: 91: 90: 77: 73: 72: 69: 65: 64: 53: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3787: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678:0-89201-092-4 3675: 3671: 3670: 3657: 3651: 3650:0-415-70176-7 3647: 3641: 3632: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3581: 3580:0-89096-711-3 3577: 3571: 3565: 3560: 3554: 3549: 3543: 3538: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3474: 3468: 3463: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3397: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3274:, pp. 213–217 3273: 3272:0-671-63603-0 3269: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3221:, pp. 160–164 3220: 3219:0-671-63603-0 3216: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3027: 3022: 3016: 3011: 3005: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2956:from the 2955: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916:Midway Island 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902:Flown by the 2901: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866:Flown by the 2865: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830:Flown by the 2829: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2798:Flown by the 2797: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780:Kindley Field 2777: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2742:Flown by the 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2724:Dakar Airport 2721: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692:, Liberia to 2691: 2690:Roberts Field 2687: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2618: 2616: 2615:Hensley Field 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2480:, Mississippi 2479: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2453:Crimson Route 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2381:Houlton Field 2379: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2311:Note: Nearby 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2281:Installations 2275: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:New Caledonia 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2049:(Algeria) to 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1991:(Senegal) to 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866:Washington DC 1863: 1862:New York City 1859: 1858: 1855:Atlantic Wing 1854: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816:European Wing 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:South America 1676: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649:South America 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1579:South Florida 1576: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1500:North America 1499: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1435:United States 1431: 1429: 1425: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1378:, 29 May 1941 1377: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1350:Redesignated 1349: 1346: 1343:Redesignated 1342: 1339: 1336:Redesignated 1335: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1305: 1304:Paul Williams 1301: 1296: 1291: 1282: 1280: 1279:Vernon Martin 1276: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1220:C-46 Commando 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1177:C-47 Skytrain 1173: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1000: 997: 993: 989: 985: 979: 977: 972: 968: 964: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 934: 932: 928: 920: 916: 912: 908: 907:Natal, Brazil 904: 900: 896: 893: 889: 885: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 863: 859: 858: 857: 850: 846: 842: 823: 821: 818:Redesignated 816: 813: 812: 811: 809: 808: 800: 798: 795:Redesignated 793: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773: 772: 770: 764: 762: 759:Redesignated 757: 754: 753: 752: 750: 746: 742: 740: 737:Redesignated 735: 731: 730: 729: 727: 721: 719: 716:Redesignated 714: 711: 710: 709: 707: 701: 699: 696:Redesignated 694: 691: 690: 689: 687: 683: 682: 678: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 642: 638: 637:Mitchel Field 634: 630: 629:Bolling Field 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609: 605: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 575: 571: 570: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 548:; thence via 547: 543: 542: 538: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 520: 516: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 494: 490: 489: 488: 485: 483: 479: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 446:factory near 445: 441: 436: 434: 424: 422: 418: 414: 413:GHQ Air Force 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 382: 373: 369: 367: 364:May 1941 the 361: 358: 353: 351: 347: 342: 339: 333: 330: 325: 323: 312: 310: 306: 305:Douglas DC-2s 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 273: 264: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 236: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 205:Military unit 198: 194: 187: 183: 179: 172: 167: 159: 155: 150: 146: 141: 137: 136: 135: 132: 128: 120: 116: 112: 108: 105: 100: 96: 92: 89: 88:United States 78: 74: 70: 66: 59: 51: 43: 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 3704: 3698: 3691: 3684: 3667:Bibliography 3656: 3640: 3631: 3606: 3570: 3559: 3548: 3537: 3506: 3495: 3484: 3473: 3462: 3451: 3440: 3429: 3418: 3407: 3396: 3333: 3323: 3312: 3307: 3289: 3263: 3258: 3240: 3210: 3188: 3183: 3167: 3162: 3021: 3010: 2999: 2974: 2946: 2912:Hickam Field 2903: 2867: 2840:Newfoundland 2831: 2799: 2784:Anfa Airport 2746:. Began at 2743: 2719: 2704: 2685: 2665: 2664:Part of the 2637: 2630:Alaska Route 2624: 2599:Boeing Field 2592: 2584: 2514:, California 2432: 2323:, California 2137: 2094:Williamstown 2086:Hickam Field 2072: 2069:Pacific Wing 2068: 2064: 2013: 1997:Leopoldville 1955: 1947:Persian Gulf 1941:(Iraq) with 1915:Cairo, Egypt 1905: 1901: 1815: 1790: 1754:Newfoundland 1724: 1720: 1669: 1665: 1637:Howard Field 1583:Waller Field 1569: 1565: 1506: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1443: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1406:The Pentagon 1397:Headquarters 1351: 1344: 1337: 1328: 1311: 1309: 1292: 1288: 1274: 1272: 1263: 1259: 1248: 1228: 1217: 1194: 1182: 1174: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1141: 1133: 1119: 1112: 1103: 1100: 1088: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1012: 1008:North Africa 1001: 980: 959: 935: 931:North Africa 924: 877:Soviet Union 855: 843: 839: 817: 804: 803: 794: 787:plant (near 768: 767: 758: 748: 747: 736: 725: 724: 715: 705: 704: 695: 685: 684: 675: 659:Presque Isle 652: 645: 486: 482:Boeing Field 480: 472: 456:Consolidated 437: 430: 410: 401: 387: 370: 362: 354: 350:Nazi Germany 343: 338:Newfoundland 334: 326: 318: 291:, Ohio; and 274: 270: 261: 237: 229: 221:World War II 212: 208: 207: 162:EAME Theater 134:World War II 29: 3697:James Lee, 2928:Clark Field 2920:Wake Island 2906:, began at 2854:, Scotland. 2728:Payne Field 2709:RAF Sharjah 2698:Payne Field 2609:, Detroit, 2603:Berry Field 2601:, Seattle, 2257:Philippines 2161:and of the 2114:New Zealand 1985:West Africa 1842:and to the 1828:Scandinavia 1705:(Paraguay). 1695:West Africa 1617:Brownsville 1613:Puerto Rico 1370:Assignments 1285:Postwar era 1197:C. R. Smith 1078:White House 1054:Air Service 988:Middle East 938:Philippines 911:Middle East 903:West Africa 783:; the Ford 667:Millinocket 587:Scott Field 562:New Orleans 530:; then via 406:Robert Olds 285:San Antonio 130:Engagements 3739:Categories 2943:References 2748:RAF Jawani 2722:flew from 2617:, Dallas. 2292:Gore Field 2253:New Guinea 2039:Casablanca 2031:Casablanca 1699:Montevideo 1605:lend-lease 1593:, (Cuba); 1544:Ladd Field 1454:California 1150:Operations 785:Willow Run 621:Fort Bragg 315:Lend Lease 293:Middletown 281:Sacramento 3601:0343-2521 2932:Australia 2870:began at 2844:Greenland 2497:, Florida 2122:Hollandia 1778:Stockholm 1776:, and to 1766:Greenland 1738:Greenland 1659:, (Peru). 1602:Caribbean 1293:When the 1192:service. 951:Singapore 947:Australia 892:Australia 566:Louisiana 421:Louisiana 289:Fairfield 287:, Texas; 71:1942–1948 3297:Archived 3248:Archived 2802:between 2703:The ATC 2538:, Nevada 2530:, Texas. 2233:, China. 2215:Marianas 2151:The Hump 2116:and via 2090:Brisbane 2005:Pretoria 1965:Khartoum 1882:Portugal 1850:in 1945. 1762:Labrador 1703:Asuncion 1623:and the 1587:Trinidad 1522:and the 1232:Ploiești 1213:The Hump 1205:the Hump 990:and the 875:and the 641:New York 591:Illinois 583:Oklahoma 506:Montreal 452:Lockheed 329:ferrying 232:ferrying 215:) was a 169:Insignia 3178:, p. 50 2848:Iceland 2814:in the 2756:Karachi 2383:, Maine 2363:, Maine 2231:Kunming 2223:Okinawa 2213:in the 2207:Seventh 2118:Honiara 2047:Algiers 2035:Britain 2023:Twelfth 2001:uranium 1981:Karachi 1943:Karachi 1939:Baghdad 1886:England 1874:Bermuda 1844:Balkans 1826:and to 1742:Iceland 1655:and to 1635:. 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