2922:; An Ethnic Interpretation of Pauranika Personages, 1971, p 34, Chandra Chakraberty; Revue internationale, 1803, p 803; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City). University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Edinburgh University Publications, 1969, p 113, University of Edinburgh; Shi jie jian wen, 1930, p 68 by Shi jie zhi shi chu ban she. Cf also: Advanced History of Medieval India, 1983, p 31, Dr J. L. Mehta; Asian Relations, 1948, p 301, Asian Relations Organization ("Distributed in the United States by: Institute of Pacific Relations, New York."); Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1892, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society - Geography; The geographical dictionary of ancient and mediaeval India, 1971, p 87, Nundo Lal Dey; Nag Sen of Milind Paáč
hö, 1996, p 64, P. K. Kaul - Social Science; The Sultanate of Delhi, 1959, p 30, Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava; Journal of Indian History, 1965, p 354, University of Kerala Dept. of History, University of Allahabad Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore - India; Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales, 1858, p 313, fn 3, Stanislas Julien Xuanzang - Buddhism.
2918:: The Numismatic Chronicle, 1893, p 100, Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain); Awq, 1983, p 5, Giorgio Vercellin; Der Islam, 1960, p 58, Carl Heinrich Becker, MaymĆ«n ibn al-QÄsim TabarÄnÄ«; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City), University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations, 1970, p 17, Chandra Chakraberty; Stile der Portugiesischen lyrik im 20 jahrhundert, p 124, Winfried Kreutzen.; See: Works, 1865, p 164, Dr H. H. Wilson; The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83; Chants populaires des Afghans, 1880, p clxiv, James Darmesteter; Nouvelle geographie universelle v. 9, 1884, p.59, ElisĂ©e Reclus; Alexander the Great, 2004, p.318, Lewis Vance Cummings (Biography & Autobiography); Nouveau dictionnaire de gĂ©ographie universelle contenant 1o La gĂ©ographie physique ... 2o La .., 1879, Louis Rousselet,
1224:
233:
1267:. Moreove, a letter from you, so I have heard how written to me concerning my health. I arrived in good health (and) afterwards (?) I heard that a message was sent thither to you (saying ) thus : ... look after the farming but the order was given to you thus. You should hand over the grain and then request it from the citizens store: I will not order, so ... I myself order and in respect of winter sends men thither to you then look after the farming. To Ormuzd Bunukan, Greetings."
1139:
3735:
1128:
3745:
38:
140:
79:
1506:"He retired, therefore, with his family, and a number of Arab retainers, into the Sulaiman Mountains, situated between Multan and Peshawar, where he took up his residence, and gave his daughter in marriage to one of the Afghan chiefs, who had become a proselyte to Mahomedism. From this marriage many children were born, among whom were two sons famous in history. The one
2994:); The Jataka, VI, p 110, (Trans. E. B. Cowell) + Videvati XIV.5-6 + Herodotus (I.140); Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1912, p 256, Dr Grierson; Das Volk Der Kamboja bei Yaska, First Series of Avesta, Pahlavi and Ancient Persian Studies in honour of the late Shams-ul-ulama Dastur Peshotanji Behramji Sanjana, Strassberg & Leipzig, 1904, pp 213 ff, Dr Ernst Kuhn
2148:
inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King
Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.
2147:
In
Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an
1842:
has borne that name only since the middle of the 18th century, when the supremacy of the Afghan race became assured: previously various districts bore distinct apellations, however the country was not a definite political unit, and its component parts were not bound together by any identity of race
3043:
E. Benveniste: "The
Kambojas ... were known in Indian traditions as a foreign people, with peculiar customs, ... raised celebrated horses, spoke - as the Nirukata (II,2.8) tells us - a language with Iranian words in it ... and had, according to Buddhist Jataka (VI.206, 27-30), a certain religious
2824:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
2376:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
3019:: "The Kambojas, located somewhere in east Afghanistan, spoke Iranian language and followed Zoroastrian habits of killing lower animals." (Early Eastern Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, fn 81, p 114; Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, Vol. 7 (2001), issue 3 (May 25), Art. 9).
1793:
of the KohistĂĄn (the mountains), and how matters stood there, they said, "Don't call it KohistĂĄn, but AfghĂĄnistĂĄn; for there is nothing there but AfghĂĄns and disturbances." Thus it is clear that for this reason the people of the country call their home in
3011:
literature, the
Kamboja was the center of ancient Iranian civilization as is evidenced by the peculiar customs of the country " (Ref: The Kamboja Janapada, January 1964, Purana, Vol VI, No 1, p 229; Jataka edited by Fausboll, Vol VI, p 210.)
1843:
or language. The earlier meaning of the word was simply "the land of the
Afghans", a limited territory which did not include many parts of the present state but did comprise large districts now either independent or within the boundary of
3022:
Dr D. C. Sircar: "The
Kambojas were of Iranian extractions .. they were settled in Afghanistan region in Uttarapatha. Their numbers were occasionally swelled by new migrants from Iran, especially during age of Achaemenians."
1473:"We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called
1748:"The road from KhorasÄn leads by way of KandahÄr. It is a straight level road, and does not go through any hill-passes... In the country of KÄbul there are many and various tribes. Its valleys and plains are inhabited by
1383:"Ninhar, a place of which the king makes a show of Islam, and has many wives, (namely) over thirty Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu (wives). The rest of the people are idolaters. In (Ninhar) there are three large idols."
3062:(Ref: Bharatiya Itihaas Ki Rup Rekha, p 229-231, Jaychandra Vidyalankar; Bhartrya Itihaas ki Mimansa, p 229-301, J. C. Vidyalankar; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 217, 221, J. L. Kamboj).
1546:; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Sulimany mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans."
2597:
A Glossary Of The Tribes And Castes Of The Punjab And North-West
Frontier Province Vol. 3 By H.A. Rose, Denzil Ibbetson Sir Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1997, Page 211,
2805:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
2348:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
1431:"The Afghans and Khiljis who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to
2178:
The largest ethnic group in
Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.
2472:
3327:
3048:
books like the
Videvati (XIV.5-6) as well as from the remark of Herodotus (I.140) about the Persian religion " (Journal Asiatique, CCXLVI 1958, I, pp 47-48, E. Benveniste).
1987:
Samuel G. Benjamin (1887) derived the name Afghan from a term for 'wailing', which the
Persians are said to have contemptuously used for their plaintive eastern neighbors.
1977:
1289:"-bid the Afghan... Moreover, they are in nu (?) because of the Afghans, so impose a penalty on Nat Kharagan ... ... Lord of Warnu with ... ... ...the Afghan... ..."
1227:
Bactrian document in the Greek script from the 4th century mentioning the word Afghan (αÎČÎłÎ±ÎœÎ±ÎœÎż): "From Ormuzd Bunukan to Bredag Watanan, the chief of the Afghans."
2220:
The earliest mention of the name 'Afghan' (Abgan) is to be found in a Sasanid inscription from the 3rd century, and it appears in India in the form of 'Avagana'...
1802:; however the reason for this is not known. But it occurs to me, that when, under the rule of Muhammadan sovereigns, MusulmĂĄns first came to the city of
1278:"because (pl.), the clan of the Afghans, said thus to me: ... And you should not have denied (?) the men of Rob the Afghans took (away) the horses."
1247:
during the 3rd century CE. In the 4th century, the word "Afghans/Afghana" (αÎČÎłÎ±ÎœÎ±ÎœÎż) was used in reference to a particular people as mentioned in the
1169:
926:
877:
3116:
3076:
2736:
2622:
1499:
268:
2442:
3700:
1102:
2161:
912:
632:
2163:
Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars
2130:
3060:
Cf: "Zoroastrian religion had probably originated in Kamboja-land (Bacteria-Badakshan)....and the Kambojas spoke Avestan language"
1956:
is said to belong to the tribe of descendants of Afghana in the neighborhood of Mecca, although actually he was from the tribe of
3649:
827:
3343:
2888:
2610:
2582:
2516:
2244:
2171:
2140:
1481:
ascended this mountain and having looked out over India, which was then covered with darkness, returned without entering it."
1080:
887:
857:
3374:
3033:: "The name Kamboja was commonly applied in Indian sources to the Iranian population of the borderlands i.e Afghanistan." (
1162:
3209:
158:
150:
3710:
3276:
1255:"To Ormuzd Bunukan, from Bredag Watanan ... greetings and homage from ... the sotang (?) of Parpaz (under) the glorious
1960:. After conversion to Islam, Khalid invited his kinsmen, the Children of Israel of Ghor, to Islam. A deputation led by
1447:, while on another occasion Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked and punished a group of opposing Afghans, as also corroborated by
1107:
1097:
1090:
847:
103:
51:
3784:
3255:
Gankovsky, Yu. V., et al. "A History of Afghanistan." Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982. 8vo. Cloth. 359 p. USD 22.50
3182:
2770:
2709:
2675:
2602:
2548:
2272:
2205:
1050:
194:
176:
121:
65:
3044:
practice - the killing of insects, moths, snakes and worms - which we may recognize as Mazdean from the passages in
3624:
2102:
1045:
3779:
3769:
3267:
1559:
The coined term of Afghanistan came into place in 1855, officially recognized by the British during the reign of
1155:
1131:
1112:
1060:
922:
212:
3669:
249:
2032:, which refers to mountaineers, and in the case of transliterated Armenian characters, would be pronounced as
19:
This article is about the historic ethnonym. For the modern definition and state citizens of Afghanistan, see
908:
797:
2234:
817:
3086:
2919:
2748:
1075:
897:
867:
2852:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
2422:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
1752:, AimÄks, and Arabs. In the city and the greater part of the villages, the population consists of TÄjiks*(
1514:; who each, subsequently, became head of the tribes which to this day bear their name. I have read in the
1334:"It would be unfavourable to the people of Chola, the Afghans (AvagÄáča), the white Huns and the Chinese."
482:
308:
3117:"The History of India, Volume 6, chpt. 200, Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History (p.8)"
1395:("History of the Indus"), which describes groups of rebellious Afghans in the tribal lands west of the
747:
240:
3459:
1223:
258:
94:
3705:
3391:
3367:
3040:
Dr R. Thapar: "The Kambojas were a tribe of the Iranians " (History of India, Vol. I, 1997, p 276).
2931:
Journal of American Oriental society, 1889, p 257, American Oriental Society; Mahabharata 10.18.13.
777:
2572:
1856:
There are a number of other hypotheses suggested for the name historically, all of them obsolete.
1327:
3664:
3569:
3124:
3090:
2874:
1478:
24:
2906:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J. W. McCrindle).
2801:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
2731:
2633:
2480:
2267:. Oxford: The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press.
3789:
3158:
2508:
Báčhat SaáčhitÄ of VarÄhamihira: with english translation, exhaustive notes and literary comments
2299:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
2197:
1830:
1055:
807:
787:
338:
221:
57:
3172:
2699:
2665:
2450:
3674:
2878:
2654:
R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: P-Z, Volume 3 - Page 18
2538:
1869:
388:
1968:
to meet Muhammad and embraced Islam. Muhammad lavished blessings on them, and gave the name
1538:; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the
232:
3619:
3584:
3539:
2969:
In the Anushasnaparava section of Mahabharata, the Kambojas are specifically designated as
1507:
1348:, where a reference is made to the village of Saul, which was estimated to be located near
2807:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
2350:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
8:
3689:
3509:
3504:
3399:
3360:
2853:
2423:
2107:
1718:
1696:
1085:
1065:
2826:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
2378:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
1940:
of the east continually increased in number in the countries around Ghor which included
3774:
3629:
3604:
3519:
3499:
3449:
3419:
3409:
1937:
1901:
1777:
The name "Afghanistan" is also mentioned in the writings of the 16th-century historian
1760:, ParÄchis, TÄjiks, Berekis, and Afghans... In the hill-country to the north-east lies
1660:
1653:
1560:
1474:
1372:
1143:
622:
492:
437:
358:
2904:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
2799:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
2297:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
1469:
traveler, visiting Afghanistan following the era of the Khilji dynasty in 1333 writes.
3744:
3715:
3594:
3589:
3469:
3339:
3293:
3178:
2884:
2766:
2705:
2671:
2606:
2598:
2578:
2544:
2512:
2268:
2240:
2201:
2189:
2167:
2136:
2070:
2034:
1961:
1863:
1495:
1368:
1345:
552:
522:
298:
89:
2991:
1972:
to Qais, who returned to Ghor successfully to propagate Islam. Qais had three sons,
3659:
3609:
3564:
3544:
3534:
3434:
3314:
3281:
3146:
3030:
1953:
1917:
1729:
1708:
1680:
1645:
1587:, which means "killing, striking, throwing and resisting, or defending." Under the
1448:
1440:
1005:
642:
572:
278:
2862:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
2432:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
3634:
3549:
3529:
3414:
3404:
3331:
2740:
2574:
Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H. (982 AD)
2506:
2191:
2013:, meaning "white", or "mountain", as mountains are often white-capped with snow (
1957:
1821:
1795:
1649:
1592:
1353:
1256:
1244:
1194:
837:
562:
398:
348:
318:
3305:
Hanifi, M. Jamil (2023). ""Afghan" in Afghanistan: Idols in the Land of Idols".
1806:, and dwelt there, the people of India (for that reason) called them PatĂĄnsâbut
3679:
3614:
3579:
3514:
3494:
3484:
3444:
3429:
3424:
3285:
3016:
2085:
1981:
1909:
1839:
1799:
1786:
1749:
1741:
1684:
1527:
1456:
1452:
767:
692:
682:
602:
582:
512:
418:
368:
2236:
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
1908:. Some four centuries after Afghana, in the 6th century BCE, Bakhtunnasar, or
3763:
3738:
3720:
3639:
3599:
3574:
3554:
3489:
3464:
3454:
3439:
3297:
2190:
Noelle-Karimi, Christine; Conrad J. Schetter; Reinhard Schlagintweit (2002).
1920:
and exiled the descendants of Afghana, some of whom went to the mountains of
1888:. Afghana was supposedly a son of Irmia (Jeremia), who was in turn a son of
1873:
1844:
1757:
1664:
1511:
1411:
1190:
1015:
970:
757:
737:
717:
612:
542:
378:
328:
3559:
3524:
3479:
3474:
3383:
2859:
2429:
2132:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes]
1990:
1905:
1687:. Some scholars believe Zoroastrianism originated in the land of Kambojas.
1323:
990:
727:
672:
502:
3318:
3748:
1737:
1486:
1462:
1444:
1396:
1318:
The term "Afghan" is later recorded in the 6th century CE in the form of
1264:
1260:
1212:
1010:
937:
472:
427:
2630:, History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15
2074:
1761:
1733:
1641:
1571:
Some scholars suggest that the word "Afghan" is derived from the words
1420:
1403:
1025:
1000:
995:
652:
592:
447:
2251:
ang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) thal, the chief ... of the Afghans
3081:
2335:
The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83, ĂlisĂ©e Reclus - Geography.
2021:
1633:
1588:
1519:
1388:
965:
662:
408:
2084:
Scholars such as Yu Gankovsky have attempted to link "Afghan" to an
1604:
1312:
3112:
2835:
2813:
2744:
2627:
2396:
2365:
2323:
Etude Sur la Geog Grecque & c, pp 39-47, M. V. de Saint Martin.
1945:
1933:
1904:
of the army. Neither Afghana nor Jeremia son of Saul figure in the
1798:
AfghĂĄnistĂĄn, and themselves AfghĂĄns. The people of India call them
1778:
1676:
1621:
1584:
1551:
1523:
1424:
1240:
1204:
1183:
985:
2256:
1703:
1518:, a work written by a respectable author, and which I procured at
1439:
Al-Utbi further states that Afghans and Ghiljis made up a part of
3045:
3008:
2838:
2399:
2311:
Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol I, fn 6; also Vol II, p 129, et al.
1973:
1625:
1609:
1576:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1466:
1308:
1248:
1208:
980:
532:
20:
3338:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 481.
2307:
2305:
1294:
Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91.
1283:
Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91.
3352:
3004:
2831:
2392:
2043:
1965:
1949:
1929:
1790:
1637:
1595:, the word was used to refer to men of a certain Persian sect.
1432:
1416:
1349:
1020:
975:
3111:
1419:) living between Laghman and Peshawar enlisted in the army of
3072:
2956:
Aruppa-Niddesa of Visuddhimagga by Buddhaghosa describes the
2812:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
2364:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
2331:
2329:
2302:
2006:
1941:
1925:
1913:
1897:
1807:
1803:
1769:
1725:
1629:
288:
2058:
as a reference to the eastern highlanders or "mountaineers".
1789:
also went home; and whenever they were questioned about the
1756:). Many other of the villages and districts are occupied by
1207:. Since the second half of the twentieth century, the term "
3071:
2017:
1924:
in present-day Afghanistan and some to the neighborhood of
1921:
1896:). Afghana was orphaned at a young age, and brought up by
1889:
1885:
1753:
1668:
1531:
1415:
records that many Afghans and Khiljis (possibly the modern
2979:
ete 'ashava.yuddha.kushalahdasinatyasi charminah. || 5 ||.
2326:
1764:, such as Kattor and Gebrek. To the south is AfghÄnistÄn."
2843:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
2704:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 180.
2404:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
1724:
is mentioned in writing by the 16th century Mughal ruler
1640:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the
1459:
in 1290, Afghans have been well known in northern India.
1451:. It is recorded that Afghans were also enrolled in the
1900:. When Solomon became king, Afghana was promoted as the
1728:
and his descendants, referring to the territory between
2883:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99.
2418:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
2319:
2317:
3123:. London: Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from
2848:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
2779:
1851:
3027:, Vol. V, No. 2, July 1963, p 256, Dr D. C. Sircar).
2571:
Minorsky, V. V.; Bosworth, C. E. (31 January 2015).
2314:
1980:
and Ghourghusht, who are progenitors of the various
1712:
1360:"Saul, a pleasant village on a mountain. In it live
1215:, including those outside of the Pashtun ethnicity.
3174:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
2667:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
1663:Mahabharata speaks about Kambojas among the finest
1339:
VarÄha Mihira, 6th century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61.
3336:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica, Volume I/5: AdatâAfghanistan
3275:
2386:
2384:
1711:suffix for "place of". The Pashto translation of
3761:
3268:Biases and Controversies around the word "Afghan
2570:
2504:
2976:tatha Yavana Kamboja Mathuram.abhitash cha ye |
2763:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present
2443:"Sanskritdictionary.com: Definition of avagÄáča"
2381:
2632:. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from
1995:An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan
1608:which means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "
1387:In the 11th century, Afghans are mentioned in
1211:" evolved into a demonym for all residents of
3368:
3003:* Dr V. S. Agarwala writes: "As shown in the
2947:......(|| Samangalavilasini, Vol I, p 124||).
2262:
1952:and made wars with the infidels around them.
1203:) has been used historically to refer to the
1198:
1163:
3274:Fikrat, Mohammad Asef; Umar, Suheyl (2008).
2745:Muhammad QÄsim HindĆ« Ć Äh AstarÄbÄdÄ« FiriĆĄtah
2532:
2530:
2528:
2265:Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan
1717:is prominent in many languages of Asia. The
1644:. This view was propounded by scholars like
2697:
2505:VarÄhamihira; Bhat, M. Ramakrishna (1981).
1542:, many of the Copts became converts to the
1443:'s army and were sent on his expedition to
99:messy grammar/spelling and poor formatting.
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3375:
3361:
3273:
2916:See few more references on Asvaka = Afghan
2785:
2615:
1311:, with the name Afghan being derived from
1170:
1156:
2858:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
2536:
2525:
2428:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
2069:, which in turn derives from the ancient
1344:The word Afghan also appeared in the 982
1307:has been preserved in that of the modern
1259:, the chief of the Afghans, the judge of
195:Learn how and when to remove this message
177:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2873:
2725:
1222:
3325:
3170:
2733:History Of The Mohamedan Power In India
2663:
2500:
2498:
2226:
2193:Afghanistan -a country without a state?
16:Historic term for ethnic Pashtun people
3762:
3304:
2232:
3356:
2701:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354
2412:
2410:
2358:
2356:
2343:
2341:
2159:
2128:
1455:(1148â1215). By the beginning of the
2511:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 143.
2495:
2183:
2124:
2122:
133:
72:
31:
3177:. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 146.
2990:Jataka, Vol VI, pp 208, 210 (trans
2760:
2623:"AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN"
2577:. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 91.
2046:, this would further be altered to
1852:Historical and obsolete suggestions
1199:
13:
3261:
3220:Persia, p 142, Samuel G. Benjamin.
3171:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987).
2958:Kamboja land as the base of horses
2897:
2407:
2353:
2338:
2200:, United States: IKO. p. 18.
2160:Tyler, John A. (10 October 2021).
2129:Huang, Guiyou (30 December 2008).
1671:texts describe their lands as the
1399:in what is now known as Pakistan.
149:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
3801:
2119:
1371:also speaks of a king in Ninhar (
1231:The earliest mention of the name
47:This article has multiple issues.
3743:
3734:
3733:
3382:
2483:Online Edition. 15 December 1983
2263:Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000).
2233:Balogh, DĂĄniel (12 March 2020).
2103:List of country name etymologies
1602:evidently derives from the word
1137:
1127:
1126:
231:
159:guide to writing better articles
138:
77:
36:
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3053:
2997:
2984:
2963:
2950:
2945:Kamboja the birthplace of horse
2934:
2925:
2909:
2867:
2791:
2765:. Reaktion Books. p. 317.
2754:
2691:
2657:
2648:
2591:
2564:
2543:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18.
2465:
2435:
1500:Muslim rule in the subcontinent
1272:Bactrian documents, 4th century
55:or discuss these issues on the
3701:British Indian Ocean Territory
3077:"Events Of The Year 910 (p.5)"
2290:
2281:
2153:
2061:Michanovsky suggests the name
1884:, identified as a grandson of
1690:
1598:Another view is that the name
1:
3290:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
3206:The Pathans: 550 BC - AD 1957
3035:The Afghans (Peoples of Asia)
2830:"Afghans are Assakani of the
2751:Persian Texts in Translation.
2391:"Afghans are Assakani of the
2113:
1880:to an eponymous ancestor, an
1652:, M. V. de Saint Martin, and
1498:writing about the history of
3242:Gary W. Bowersox, Bonita E,
3087:Packard Humanities Institute
2920:Louis Vivien de Saint-Martin
2749:Packard Humanities Institute
1566:
7:
3073:Zahir ud-Din Mohammad Babur
2096:
1713:
1218:
1103:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
913:Transitional Administration
483:Principality of Chaghaniyan
97:. The specific problem is:
10:
3806:
2941:Kambojo assa.nam ayata.nam
2670:. BRILL. pp. 150â51.
2537:Vogelsang, Willem (2002).
2287:A small kingdom in Bactria
2166:. Aries Consolidated LLC.
2092:" said to mean "original".
1838:"The country now known as
1701:The last part of the name
1694:
959:Related historical regions
18:
3729:
3688:
3648:
3390:
3113:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
2239:. Barkhuis. p. 144.
1997:, believes that the name
1872:, written in 1612 at the
1740:, which was inhabited by
1322:by the Indian astronomer
259:Indus Valley civilisation
3785:Pashto words and phrases
3450:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3326:Kieffer, Ch. M. (1983).
3244:Gemstones of Afghanistan
3229:John Charles Griffiths,
2875:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
2664:Houtsma, M. Th. (1993).
778:Principality of Qandahar
3711:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2005:which derives from the
1530:, that the Afghans are
25:Afghan (disambiguation)
3780:Country name etymology
3770:History of Afghanistan
3159:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2971:Ashava.yuddha.kushalah
2834:; this word being the
2786:Fikrat & Umar 2008
2761:Lee, Jonathan (2019).
2447:sanskritdictionary.com
2395:; this word being the
2198:University of Michigan
2065:derives from Sanskrit
1849:
1818:
1785:"The men of KĂĄbul and
1775:
1557:
1492:
1477:. It is told that the
1437:
1385:
1366:
1342:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1228:
1144:Afghanistan portal
1081:List of heads of state
339:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
23:. For other uses, see
3319:10.3366/afg.2023.0112
2973:(expert cavalrymen).
2402:meaning 'horsemen' "
1870:Nimat Allah al-Harawi
1836:
1831:EncyclopĂŠdia of Islam
1820:Regarding the modern
1783:
1746:
1504:
1471:
1429:
1381:
1358:
1332:
1287:
1276:
1253:
1226:
389:Indo-Parthian kingdom
369:Indo-Scythian kingdom
3625:United Arab Emirates
3145:M. Longworth Dames,
2698:Ibn Battuta (2004).
2481:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
2081:, or "high country".
1932:. Until the time of
104:improve this article
93:to meet Knowledge's
3652:limited recognition
3270:" â Nasimfekrat.com
3093:on 14 November 2012
2841:meaning 'horsemen'"
2108:Name of Afghanistan
1815:Ferishta, 1560-1620
1697:Name of Afghanistan
1591:, and possibly the
1534:of the race of the
1375:), who had Muslim,
848:Democratic Republic
2739:2009-02-11 at the
1938:Children of Israel
1902:commander-in-chief
1876:, traces the name
1796:their own language
1561:Dost Mohammad Khan
1257:Yabghu of Hephthal
1229:
1051:Political violence
858:Tanai coup attempt
493:Rashidun Caliphate
438:Hephthalite Empire
359:Indo-Greek kingdom
3757:
3756:
3694:other territories
3345:978-0-71009-094-2
3282:Madelung, Wilferd
2890:978-8-12080-436-4
2611:978-81-85297-70-5
2584:978-1-909724-75-4
2518:978-81-208-0098-4
2246:978-94-93194-01-4
2173:978-1-387-68356-7
2142:978-1-56720-736-1
1742:tribes of Afghans
1479:prophet Sulayman
1379:and Hindu wives.
1180:
1179:
1071:Afghan (ethnonym)
1046:Political history
950:
949:
798:Saqqawist Emirate
748:Sadozai Sultanate
701:
700:
487:7thâ8th centuries
456:
455:
309:Macedonian Empire
299:Achaemenid Empire
269:Oxus civilization
205:
204:
197:
187:
186:
179:
153:used on Knowledge
151:encyclopedic tone
132:
131:
124:
95:quality standards
86:This article may
70:
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3736:
3706:Christmas Island
3392:Sovereign states
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3370:
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3354:
3353:
3349:
3332:Yarshater, Ehsan
3322:
3301:
3292:. Brill Online.
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3196:
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3191:
3168:
3162:
3161:, Online Edition
3149:, R. Ghirshman,
3147:G. Morgenstierne
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3121:Sir H. M. Elliot
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3089:. Archived from
3082:Memoirs of Babur
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3031:Willem Vogelsang
3001:
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2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2449:. Archived from
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2150:
2126:
1954:Khalid bin Walid
1918:Kingdom of Judah
1816:
1773:
1716:
1681:Avestan language
1646:Christian Lassen
1555:
1496:Muslim historian
1490:
1449:Abulfazl Beyhaqi
1356:of Afghanistan.
1340:
1299:The name of the
1295:
1284:
1273:
1202:
1201:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1113:Muslim conquests
1098:Hinduism history
1061:Economic history
945:
923:Islamic Republic
714:
713:
643:Chagatai Khanate
469:
468:
409:Kidarite kingdom
279:Gandhara kingdom
255:
254:
235:
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207:
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193:
182:
175:
171:
168:
162:
161:for suggestions.
157:See Knowledge's
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3684:
3665:Northern Cyprus
3651:
3644:
3386:
3381:
3346:
3286:Daftary, Farhad
3264:
3262:Further reading
3259:
3254:
3250:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3203:
3199:
3189:
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3169:
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3140:
3130:
3128:
3127:on 26 July 2013
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3037:, 2001, p 127).
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2741:Wayback Machine
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1936:, the deported
1916:, attacked the
1854:
1817:
1814:
1774:
1768:
1699:
1693:
1650:J. W. McCrindle
1593:Parthian Empire
1581:ava-Han/apa-Han
1569:
1556:
1550:
1494:A 16th-century
1491:
1485:
1441:Mahmud Ghaznavi
1412:Tarikh-i Yamini
1406:chronicler. In
1354:Paktia province
1341:
1338:
1296:
1293:
1285:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1245:Sassanid Empire
1221:
1176:
1138:
1136:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1030:
960:
952:
951:
943:
938:Islamic Emirate
878:Islamic Emirate
838:Saur Revolution
711:
703:
702:
633:Mongol Invasion
607:before 879â1215
466:
458:
457:
399:Sasanian Empire
383:135 BC â 248 AD
349:Parthian Empire
319:Seleucid Empire
252:
223:
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190:
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147:This article's
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3313:(2): 151â177.
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3049:
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3017:Michael Witzel
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2724:
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2676:
2656:
2647:
2636:on 14 May 2013
2614:
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2477:Ch. M. Kieffer
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2095:
2094:
2093:
2082:
2059:
1993:, in his 1891
1988:
1985:
1982:Pashtun tribes
1912:, the king of
1910:Nebuchadnezzar
1864:Maáž«zan-e AfÄĄÄn
1853:
1850:
1812:
1766:
1695:Main article:
1692:
1689:
1685:Zoroastrianism
1673:land of horses
1667:, and ancient
1568:
1565:
1548:
1516:Mutla-ul-Anwar
1483:
1457:Khilji dynasty
1453:Ghurid Kingdom
1427:was defeated.
1393:Tarikh-ul Hind
1369:Hudud al-'Alam
1346:កudĆ«d al-ÊżÄlam
1336:
1328:Brihat-samhita
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1108:Jewish history
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1039:Related topics
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3384:Name of Asia
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3207:
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3186:
3184:90-04-09796-1
3180:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3148:
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3126:
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3115:(1560â1620).
3114:
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2880:Ancient India
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2772:9781789140101
2768:
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2734:
2728:
2713:
2711:0-415-34473-5
2707:
2703:
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2679:
2677:90-04-09796-1
2673:
2669:
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2660:
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2608:
2604:
2603:81-85297-70-3
2600:
2594:
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2580:
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2575:
2567:
2552:
2550:0-631-19841-5
2546:
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2529:
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2468:
2453:on 7 May 2020
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2209:
2207:3-88939-628-3
2203:
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2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
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1971:
1967:
1964:proceeded to
1963:
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1845:British India
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1573:awajan/apajan
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1402:Al-Utbi, the
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1324:VarÄha Mihira
1321:
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1310:
1306:
1302:
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1279:
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1087:
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1076:List of years
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1044:
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1024:
1022:
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1016:Paropamisadae
1014:
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898:Islamic State
896:
895:
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868:Islamic State
866:
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769:
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758:Afsharid Iran
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
739:
738:Hotak dynasty
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
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379:Kushan Empire
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360:
357:
356:
353:247 BCâ224 AD
352:
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330:
329:Maurya Empire
327:
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322:
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289:Median Empire
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167:December 2020
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115:
112:December 2020
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69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3690:Dependencies
3620:Turkmenistan
3585:Saudi Arabia
3335:
3310:
3306:
3289:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3216:
3205:
3204:Olaf Caroe,
3200:
3188:. Retrieved
3173:
3166:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:the original
3120:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3080:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3034:
3024:
2999:
2986:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2879:
2869:
2860:Anglo-Indian
2851:
2847:
2829:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2793:
2781:
2762:
2756:
2732:
2727:
2717:10 September
2715:. Retrieved
2700:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2666:
2659:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2634:the original
2626:
2617:
2593:
2573:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2539:
2507:
2487:27 September
2485:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2446:
2437:
2430:Anglo-Indian
2421:
2417:
2390:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2347:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2213:24 September
2211:. Retrieved
2192:
2185:
2177:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2135:. ABC-CLIO.
2131:
2089:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:H. W. Bellew
1970:Abdur Rashid
1969:
1906:Hebrew Bible
1893:
1881:
1877:
1874:Mughal court
1861:
1855:
1847:(Pakistan)."
1837:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1784:
1776:
1747:
1720:
1702:
1700:
1672:
1658:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1558:
1544:Jewish faith
1522:, a town of
1515:
1510:, the other
1505:
1493:
1475:Kuh Sulayman
1472:
1461:
1438:
1430:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1343:
1333:
1319:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1288:
1277:
1254:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1191:Dari Persian
1186:
1181:
1091:List of wars
1070:
940:(reinstated)
900:(reinstated)
273:2100â1800 BC
263:2200â1800 BC
191:
173:
164:
148:
118:
109:
102:Please help
98:
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
3749:Asia portal
3650:States with
3570:Philippines
3510:South Korea
3505:North Korea
3400:Afghanistan
3307:Afghanistan
3231:Afghanistan
2640:31 December
2540:The Afghans
2457:18 November
2020:); used by
2001:comes from
1840:Afghanistan
1826:Afghanistan
1738:Indus River
1721:Afghanistan
1691:Afghanistan
1659:The Indian
1632:"), or the
1628:words for "
1554:, 1560-1620
1487:Ibn Battuta
1465:, a famous
1463:Ibn Battuta
1445:Tokharistan
1397:Indus River
1265:Gharchistan
1261:Tukharistan
1251:documents.
1213:Afghanistan
1011:Kushanshahr
888:US invasion
623:Khwarezmids
473:Kabul Shahi
428:Alchon Huns
283:1500â535 BC
224:Afghanistan
222:History of
106:if you can.
3764:Categories
3630:Uzbekistan
3605:Tajikistan
3520:Kyrgyzstan
3500:Kazakhstan
3420:Bangladesh
3410:Azerbaijan
2114:References
2079:Ab-bar-Gan
2075:Badakhshan
1762:KaferistÄn
1736:, and the
1734:Kabulistan
1642:Hindu Kush
1610:cavalrymen
1421:Sabuktigin
1026:Zabulistan
1001:Kafiristan
996:Kabulistan
818:Daoud coup
653:Qarlughids
593:Ghaznavids
503:Tang China
448:Nezak Huns
373:155â80? BC
343:256â125 BC
333:305â180 BC
323:312â150 BC
313:330â312 BC
303:550â330 BC
293:728â550 BC
52:improve it
3775:Ethnonyms
3716:Hong Kong
3670:Palestine
3595:Sri Lanka
3590:Singapore
3470:Indonesia
3298:1875-9831
3190:23 August
3131:22 August
3097:22 August
2877:(1977) .
2854:Alexander
2683:23 August
2556:22 August
2424:Alexander
2073:word for
2042:. To the
2022:Armenians
1834:explains:
1791:MusulmĂĄns
1654:Ă. Reclus
1634:Assakenoi
1589:Sasanians
1567:Etymology
1520:Burhanpur
1404:Ghaznavid
1389:al-Biruni
1373:Nangarhar
1352:, in the
1320:"AvagÄáča"
966:Arachosia
932:2004â2021
917:2001â2004
882:1996â2001
872:1992â1996
852:1978â1992
832:1973â1978
812:1926â1973
792:1823â1926
782:1818â1855
772:1747â1823
762:1738â1747
752:1716â1732
742:1709â1738
732:1510â1709
722:1501â1738
697:1520â1591
687:1370â1507
677:1245â1381
667:1256â1335
663:Ilkhanate
657:1224â1266
647:1226â1245
637:1219â1226
627:1215â1231
617:1037â1194
573:Saffarids
363:180â90 BC
58:talk page
3739:Category
3660:Abkhazia
3610:Thailand
3565:Pakistan
3545:Mongolia
3540:Maldives
3535:Malaysia
3435:Cambodia
3328:"Afghan"
3288:(eds.).
3277:"Afghan"
3155:ÄnistÄn"
3075:(1525).
2992:Fausboll
2850:cavalier
2836:Sanskrit
2814:Sanskrit
2737:Archived
2628:Ferishta
2473:"Afghan"
2420:cavalier
2397:Sanskrit
2366:Sanskrit
2097:See also
2071:Sumerian
2044:Persians
1946:Kandahar
1934:Muhammad
1813:â
1779:Ferishta
1767:â
1730:Khorasan
1677:Kambojas
1665:horsemen
1622:Sanskrit
1612:" (from
1585:Sanskrit
1552:Ferishta
1549:â
1536:Pharaohs
1524:Khandesh
1502:states:
1484:â
1467:Moroccan
1425:Jayapala
1362:Afghans.
1337:â
1292:â
1281:â
1270:â
1249:Bactrian
1241:Shapur I
1239:) is by
1219:Mentions
1205:Pashtuns
1184:ethnonym
1132:Category
1006:Khorasan
986:Gandhara
927:politics
828:Republic
728:Safavids
683:Timurids
597:963â1187
583:Samanids
563:Tahirids
553:Abbasids
523:Umayyads
465:Medieval
241:Timeline
213:a series
211:Part of
88:require
3635:Vietnam
3550:Myanmar
3530:Lebanon
3460:Georgia
3415:Bahrain
3405:Armenia
3334:(ed.).
3246:, pg 27
3233:, pg 13
3046:Mazdean
3009:Avestic
2960:(10/28)
2839:Ashvaka
2400:Ashvaka
2067:Avagana
1958:Quraysh
1882:Afghana
1810:knows!"
1758:PashÄis
1709:Persian
1626:Avestan
1605:AĆvakan
1577:Avestan
1540:Red Sea
1526:in the
1326:in his
1313:Asvakan
1309:Pashtun
1305:Assakan
1301:AĆvakan
1243:of the
1056:Culture
981:Bactria
909:Interim
808:Kingdom
788:Emirate
718:Mughals
693:Arghuns
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