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249:. This is a widely used strategy across all forms of hypometabolism. These physiological and biochemical concerns appear to be the core elements of hypometabolism throughout the animal kingdom. In other words, animals which aestivate appear to go through nearly the same physiological processes as animals that hibernate.
245:. This can be quite a task as hot temperatures and arid conditions may last for months, in some cases for years. The depression of metabolic rate during aestivation causes a reduction in macromolecule synthesis and degradation. To stabilise the macromolecules, aestivators will enhance antioxidant defenses and elevate
513:
discovered a means to take advantage of this by digging up one of these frogs and squeezing it, causing the frog to empty its bladder. This dilute urine—up to half a glassful—can be drunk. However, this will cause the death of the frog which will be unable to survive until the next rainy season
526:
began a conservation and breeding program for it. However, zookeepers were unaware of the importance of their aestivation cycle and during the first summer period would perform weekly checks on the animals. This repeated disturbance was detrimental to the health of the animals, with many losing
454:
338:, commonly aestivate during periods of heat. Some species move into shaded vegetation or rubble. Others climb up tall plants, including crop species as well as bushes and trees, and will also climb human-made structures such as posts, fences, etc.
240:
The primary physiological and biochemical concerns for an aestivating animal are to conserve energy, retain water in the body, ration the use of stored energy, handle the nitrogenous end products, and stabilize bodily organs, cells, and
407:
also chooses to aestivate. They usually do so when the temperature is warmer and will re-emerge in the late summer or early fall. Mosquitoes also are reported to undergo aestivation. False honey ants are well known for being
521:
aestivates to survive hot summers in the ephemeral swamps it lives in. It buries itself in various media which change depending on location and available substrates. Because the species is critically endangered, the
230:
Organisms that aestivate appear to be in a fairly "light" state of dormancy, as their physiological state can be rapidly reversed, and the organism can quickly return to a normal state. A study done on
46:
237:, a snail native to parts of Europe and Northern Africa, shows that they can wake from their dormant state within ten minutes of being introduced to a wetter environment.
527:
significant weight and some dying. The zookeepers quickly changed their procedures and now leave their captive turtles undisturbed during their aestivation period.
215:
rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, which are often the summer months.
422:) aestivate during the summer in the southeastern United States, during which their metabolism, respiration, and nervous systems show a dampening of activity.
861:
Cunningham, R. K.; Tombes, A. S. (August 1966). "Succinate oxidase system in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, during aestivation (summer diapause)".
222:. Both terrestrial and aquatic animals undergo aestivation. Fossil records suggest that aestivation may have evolved several hundred million years ago.
371:
793:
200:
1106:
904:
Kutyna, F. A.; Tombes, A. S. (26 November 1966). "Bioelectric activity of the central nervous system in normal and diapausing alfalfa weevils".
341:
Their habit of climbing vegetation to aestivate has caused more than one introduced snail species to be declared an agricultural nuisance.
509:
has an aestivation cycle. It buries itself in sandy ground in a secreted, water-tight mucus cocoon during periods of hot, dry weather.
1368:
1236:
Dausmann, Kathrin H.; Glos, Julian; Ganzhorn, Jörg U.; Heldmaier, Gerhard (2004). "Physiology: hibernation in a tropical primate".
694:
Withers, Philip; Pedler, Scott; Guppy, Michael (1997). "Physiological adjustments during aestivation by the
Australian land snail
1289:
1334:
1220:
1060:
635:
344:
To seal the opening to their shell to prevent water loss, pulmonate land snails secrete a membrane of dried mucus called an
965:"Unravelling life history of the Inland Freshwater Crab Austrothelphusa transversa in seasonal tropical river catchments"
657:
366:
218:
Invertebrate and vertebrate animals are known to enter this state to avoid damage from high temperatures and the risk of
571:
hibernates or aestivates in a small tree hole for seven months of the year. According to the
Oakland Zoo in California,
211:, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered
145:
1146:
158:
551:
834:(Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with special reference to its behaviour during migration and aestivation".
700:
589:
70:
758:"Lack of Evidence for Local Adaptation to Individual Plant Clones or Site by a Mobile Specialist Herbivore"
550:
Although relatively uncommon, a small number of mammals aestivate. Animal physiologist
Kathrin Dausmann of
20:
1002:"Synchrotron Reveals Early Triassic Odd Couple: Injured Amphibian and Aestivating Therapsid Share Burrow"
996:
Fernandez, V.; Abdala, F.; Carlson, K. J.; Cook, D. C.; Rubidge, B. S.; Yates, A.; Tafforeau, P. (2013).
729:
1181:
Fishman, A. P.; Galante, R. J.; Winokur, A.; Pack, A. I. (1992). "Estivation in the
African lungfish".
499:
1383:
377:
584:
498:) aestivate during the hot dry season by moving underground where it is cooler and more humid. The
109:
416:
will aestivate over the summer to avoid the heat and lack of food sources. Adult alfalfa weevils (
268:
1090:
Pough, F. H.; Andrews, R. M.; Cadle, J. E.; Crump, M. L.; Savitzky, A. H.; Wells, K. D. (2001).
1183:
568:
510:
506:
470:
138:
65:
1210:
625:
19:
This article is about a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation. For other uses, see
789:"Dry season refugia of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in a dry savannah zone of east Africa"
464:
409:
355:
119:
462:
Aestivation has been put forward as the most likely explanation why this therapsid cynodont
354:, this barrier is reinforced with calcium carbonate, and thus it superficially resembles an
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1114:(3 ed.). Perth, Western Australia: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management
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479:
257:
430:: An example of a crustacean undergoing aestivation is with the Australian crab
274:
1064:
539:
418:
362:
188:
807:
1377:
933:
882:
788:
773:
727:
Hagen, Kenneth S. (1962). "Biology and ecology of predaceous
Coccinellidae".
495:
396:
350:
242:
87:
1267:
1045:
830:
Common, I. F. B. (1954). "A study of the ecology of the adult bogong moth,
816:
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82:
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941:
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may aestivate to conserve energy when its food and water supply is low.
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The physiological ecology of vertebrates: a view from energetics
358:, except that it has a tiny hole to allow some oxygen exchange.
599:
594:
289:
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178:
55:
1235:
434:
which undergoes aestivation underground during the dry season
334:
320:
1108:
Western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) recovery plan
400:) have been reported to aestivate. Another type of beetle (
995:
1180:
1351:
Abstract of an
Australian paper on aestivation in snails
558:, and coworkers presented evidence in a 2004 edition of
786:
1089:
1323:
Navas, Carlos Arturo; Carvalho, José Eduardo (2009).
1132:
1133:Delaney, R. G.; Lahiri, S.; Fishman, A. P. (1974).
16:
State of animal dormancy taking place in the summer
693:
794:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
468:shared its burrow with a temnospondyl amphibian,
1375:
1326:Aestivation: Molecular and Physiological Aspects
1104:
1094:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
860:
575:are thought to aestivate during the dry season.
787:Charlwood, JD; Vij, R; Billingsley, PF (2000).
267:snails aestivating on a row of fence posts in
1322:
651:Storey, Kenneth B.; Storey, Janet M. (2012).
478:Non-mammalian animals that aestivate include
139:
903:
650:
627:Trace Fossils: Concepts, Problems, Prospects
1139:: cardiovascular and respiratory functions"
1105:Burbrige, Andrew; Kuchling, Gerald (2004).
653:"Aestivation: signaling and hypometabolism"
445:
146:
132:
1215:. Cornell University Press. p. 388.
1035:
1025:
980:
806:
670:
449:
273:
256:
157:
962:
863:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
755:
1376:
1356:Some info in aestivation in the snail
829:
623:
1208:
1135:"Aestivation of the African lungfish
1058:
726:
412:and aestivate in temperate climates.
698:(Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)".
743:10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.001445
658:The Journal of Experimental Biology
13:
1316:
310:, including species in the genera
278:Numerous individuals of the snail
14:
1400:
1344:
1061:"Estivation: The Survival Siesta"
514:without the water it had stored.
284:aestivating on a wire fence near
1059:Moore, Bob (29 September 2009).
624:Miller, William Charles (2007).
252:
44:
1282:
1229:
1202:
1174:
1147:Journal of Experimental Biology
1126:
1098:
1083:
1052:
989:
956:
480:North American desert tortoises
897:
854:
823:
780:
749:
720:
687:
644:
617:
552:Philipps University of Marburg
440:
348:. In certain species, such as
1:
836:Australian Journal of Zoology
701:Australian Journal of Zoology
610:
590:Hibernation induction trigger
384:
225:
1027:10.1371/journal.pone.0064978
875:10.1016/0010-406x(66)90207-6
490:. Some amphibians (e.g. the
432:Austrothelphusa transversa ,
21:Aestivation (disambiguation)
7:
1209:McNab, Brian Keith (2002).
1092:Herpetology, second edition
963:Waltham, Nathan J. (2016).
756:Strauss, Sharon Y. (1997).
730:Annual Review of Entomology
578:
369:in aestivating snails like
296:
10:
1405:
545:
500:California red-legged frog
367:reduced rate of water loss
18:
808:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.726
630:. Elsevier. p. 206.
378:Sphincterochila boissieri
585:Critical thermal maximum
110:Critical thermal maximum
1290:"East African Hedgehog"
1137:Protopterus aethiopicus
530:
446:Reptiles and amphibians
361:There is a decrease in
269:Kadina, South Australia
203:) is a state of animal
195:(summer); also spelled
1184:Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
569:fat-tailed dwarf lemur
538:also aestivate as can
511:Australian Aboriginals
475:
471:Broomistega putterilli
293:
271:
192:
181:
167:snails aestivating on
1364:Hibernation on demand
465:Thrinaxodon liorhinus
461:
306:: some air-breathing
277:
260:
161:
120:Developmental biology
1160:10.1242/jeb.61.1.111
969:Australian Zoologist
519:western swamp turtle
1252:2004Natur.429..825D
1071:on 21 November 2018
1018:2013PLoSO...864978F
982:10.7882/az.2016.034
918:1966Natur.212..956K
573:four-toed hedgehogs
31:Part of a series on
672:10.1242/jeb.054403
507:water-holding frog
476:
294:
288:, in the south of
272:
247:chaperone proteins
182:
170:Foeniculum vulgare
98:Embryonic diapause
1336:978-3-642-02420-7
1246:(6994): 825–826.
1222:978-0-8014-3913-1
998:Butler, Richard J
912:(5065): 956–957.
848:10.1071/zo9540223
637:978-0-444-52949-7
459:
281:Cernuella virgata
156:
155:
1396:
1384:Sleep physiology
1369:Basic definition
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1309:
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1300:on 7 August 2016
1296:. Archived from
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1067:. Archived from
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993:
987:
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926:10.1038/212956a0
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696:Rhagada tescorum
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665:(8): 1425–1433.
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641:
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536:African lungfish
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403:Blepharida rhois
394:: Lady beetles (
372:Rhagada tescorum
201:American English
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1345:External links
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832:Agrotis infusa
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1358:Theba pisana
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1329:. Springer.
1325:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:the original
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1190:(1): 61–72.
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1069:the original
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264:Theba pisana
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234:Otala lactea
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164:Theba pisana
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83:Cryptobiosis
77:
66:Hibernaculum
25:
1304:5 September
1294:Oakland Zoo
1118:26 November
1075:5 September
737:: 289–326.
488:salamanders
441:Vertebrates
308:land snails
261:Introduced
220:desiccation
209:hibernation
185:Aestivation
105:Winter rest
78:Aestivation
61:Hibernation
1378:Categories
611:References
484:crocodiles
385:Arthropoda
303:Gastropoda
226:Physiology
197:estivation
934:0028-0836
883:0010-406X
774:0029-8549
762:Oecologia
605:Splooting
564:that the
524:Perth Zoo
492:cane toad
427:Crustacea
356:operculum
346:epiphragm
325:Helicella
317:Cernuella
213:metabolic
175:Montbazin
88:Brumation
1389:Ethology
1268:15215852
1046:23805181
1006:PLOS ONE
817:11304064
681:22496277
579:See also
566:Malagasy
329:Achatina
297:Mollusca
205:dormancy
93:Diapause
38:dormancy
1276:4366123
1248:Bibcode
1168:4411892
1037:3689844
1014:Bibcode
1000:(ed.).
950:4205279
942:6003744
914:Bibcode
891:5967408
556:Germany
546:Mammals
391:Insecta
36:Animal
1333:
1274:
1266:
1239:Nature
1219:
1196:986798
1194:
1166:
1044:
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