31:
583:
209:
275:(PWR) with a typical thermal efficiency of 34%. This is due to the higher coolant outlet temperature of about 640 °C (1,184 °F) practical with gas cooling, compared to about 325 °C (617 °F) for PWRs. However the reactor core has to be larger for the same power output, and the fuel burnup of 27,000 MW(th) days per tonne for type 2 fuel and up to 34,000 MW(th) days per tonne for robust fuel at discharge is lower than the 40,000 MW(th) days per ton of PWRs so the fuel is used less efficiently, countering the thermal efficiency advantage.
331:
2588:
2578:
2558:
167:
3180:
642:
2568:
4936:
298:(CEGB) and the government to claim that the AGR would produce electricity cheaper than the best coal-fired power stations. However, fuel assembly vibration problems arose during on-load refuelling at full power, so in 1988 full power refuelling was suspended until the mid-1990s, when further trials led to a fuel rod becoming stuck in a reactor core. Only refuelling at part load or when shut down is now undertaken at AGRs.
656:
365:
completely different in detail design. This also resulted in the three consortia having to compete for the same limited number of expert staff, the need for each design to have a unique (and very complex) safety case, and the need to support for the life of the programme three (later four) different AGR reactor designs.
610:
In
October 2014 a new kind of crack in the graphite moderator bricks was found at the Hunterston B reactor. This keyway root crack has been previously theorised but not observed. The existence of this type of crack does not immediately affect the safety of a reactor – however if the number of cracks
606:
In 2013 a defect was found by a regular inspection in one of the eight pod boilers of
Heysham reactor A1. The reactor resumed operation at a lower output level with this pod boiler disabled, until June 2014 when more detailed inspections confirmed a crack in the boiler spine. As a precaution Heysham
372:
The following reactor designs at
Hinkley Point and Hunterston, ordered a year or two later, proved to be significantly better than the Dungeness design, and indeed were commissioned ahead of Dungeness. The next AGR design, built at Heysham 1 and Hartlepool, sought to reduce overall cost of design by
364:
For political reasons the CEGB was instructed to spread the 'first generation' orders between three different 'design & build' consortia and a variety of major subcontractors. In consequence the first three CEGB stations, whilst sharing the same design concept and the same fuel pin design, were
255:
cladding. This significantly increased the cost of the power produced by an AGR. The carbon dioxide coolant circulates through the core, reaching 640 °C (1,184 °F) and a pressure of around 40 bar (580 psi), and then passes through boiler (steam generator) assemblies outside the core but
301:
The pre-stressed concrete pressure vessel contains the reactor core and the boilers. To minimise the number of penetrations into the vessel (and thus reduce the number of possible breach sites) the boilers are of the once through design where all boiling and superheating is carried out within the
368:
The AGR stations proved to be complex and difficult to construct. Notoriously bad labour relations at the time added to the problems. The lead station, Dungeness B, was ordered in 1965 with a target completion date of 1970. After problems with nearly every aspect of the reactor design it finally
111:
The AGR design retained the Magnox's graphite moderator and carbon dioxide coolant but increased the cooling gas operating temperature to improve steam conditions. These were made identical to those of a coal fired plant, allowing the same design of turbines and generation equipment to be used.
578:
were unaware of the extent of the cracking of graphite bricks in the cores of their reactors. It was also claimed that
British Energy did not know why the cracking had occurred and that they were unable to monitor the cores without first shutting down the reactors. British Energy later issued a
556:
In 2005 British Energy announced a 10-year life extension at
Dungeness B, that would see the station continue operating until 2018, and in 2007 announced a 5-year life extension of Hinkley Point B and Hunterston B until 2016. Life extensions at other AGRs will be considered at least three years
560:
From 2006 Hinkley Point B and
Hunterston B have been restricted to about 70% of normal MWe output because of boiler-related problems requiring that they operate at reduced boiler temperatures. In 2013 these two stations' power increased to about 80% of normal output following some plant
305:
The AGR was intended to be a superior
British alternative to American light water reactor designs. It was promoted as a development of the operationally (if not economically) successful Magnox design, and was chosen from a multitude of competing British alternatives - the helium cooled
146:
in 1962, but the first commercial AGR did not come on-line until 1976. A total of fourteen AGR reactors at six sites were built between 1976 and 1988. All of these are configured with two reactors in a single building, and each reactor has a design thermal power output of 1,500
579:
statement confirming that cracking of graphite bricks is a known symptom of extensive neutron bombardment and that they were working on a solution to the monitoring problem. Also, they stated that the reactors were examined every three years as part of "statutory outages".
220:, thus the same design of turbo-generator plant could be used. The mean temperature of the hot coolant leaving the reactor core was designed to be 648 °C (1,198 °F). In order to obtain these high temperatures, yet ensure useful graphite core life (graphite
419:
cores. In early 2018 a slightly higher rate of new keyway root cracks than modelled was observed in
Hunterston B Reactor 3 during a scheduled outage, and EDF announced in May 2018 that the outage would be extended for further investigation, analysis and modelling.
596:
In
February 2012 EDF announced it expected 7-year life extensions on average across all AGRs, including the recently life-extended Heysham 1 and Hartlepool. These life extensions are subject to detailed review and approval, and are not included in the table above.
617:
In
February 2016, EDF extended the life of four of its eight nuclear power plants in the UK. Heysham 1 and Hartlepool had their life extended by five years until 2024, while Heysham 2 and Torness had their closure dates pushed back by seven years to 2030.
1637:
392:
in the 1980s, a cost analysis for potential investors revealed that true operating costs had been obscured for many years. Decommissioning costs especially had been significantly underestimated. These uncertainties caused nuclear power to be
404:(Windscale) has been decommissioned as of 2010 – the core and pressure vessel decommissioned leaving only the building "Golf Ball" visible. This project was also a study of what is required to decommission a nuclear reactor safely.
318:- as well as the American light water pressurised and boiling water reactors (PWR and BWR) and Canadian CANDU designs. The CEGB conducted a detailed economic appraisal of the competing designs and concluded that the AGR proposed for
376:
The final two AGRs at Torness and Heysham 2 returned to a modified and 'debugged' Hinkley design with much greater seismic margin, and have proved to be the most successful performers of the fleet. Former Treasury Economic Advisor,
427:
showed that seismic restraints, pipework and storage vessels were "corroded to an unacceptable condition", and that would have been the state when the reactor was operating. The ONR classified this as a level 2 incident on the
959:
844:
1634:
614:
In January 2015 Dungeness B was given a ten-year life extension, with an upgrade to control room computer systems and improved flood defences, taking the accounting closure date to 2028.
1327:
4977:
4613:
264:
beads into the reactor is included in case the reactor has to be depressurized with insufficient control rods lowered. This would mean that nitrogen pressure cannot be maintained.
170:
Schematic diagram of the Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor. Note that the heat exchanger is contained within the steel-reinforced concrete combined pressure vessel and radiation shield.
4302:
627:
On 7 January 2022 Hunterston B reactor 4 was shut down for the last time, ending production after nearly 47 years. Reactor 3 had moved to the defuelling phase in November 2021.
2081:
158:
turbine-alternator set. The various AGR stations produce outputs in the range 555 MWe to 670 MWe though some run at lower than design output due to operational restrictions.
2624:
1676:
260:
into the coolant to absorb thermal neutrons to stop the fission process if the control rods fail to enter the core. A tertiary shutdown system which operates by injecting
4420:
621:
On 7 June 2021, EDF announced that Dungeness B, which had been in an extended outage since September 2018, would move into the defuelling phase with immediate effect.
4277:
2275:
389:
4402:
4019:
970:
251:
based cladding. When this proved unsuitable due to brittle fracture, the enrichment level of the fuel was raised to allow for the higher neutron capture losses of
4332:
4327:
3558:
3216:
2591:
851:
1265:
4369:
4224:
3021:
813:
228:
at high temperature) a re-entrant flow of coolant at the lower boiler outlet temperature of 278 °C is utilised to cool the graphite, ensuring that the
108:. The Magnox design also ran relatively cool gas temperatures compared to other power-producing designs, which resulted in less efficient steam conditions.
3310:
256:
still within the steel-lined, reinforced concrete pressure vessel. Control rods penetrate the graphite moderator and a secondary system involves injecting
440:
As of August 2022, there are four nuclear generating stations each with two operating AGRs in the United Kingdom, all of which are owned and operated by
4548:
4029:
1722:
4880:
4470:
4297:
2617:
1375:
4475:
2386:
302:
boiler tubes. This necessitates the use of ultra pure water to minimise the buildup of salts in the evaporator and subsequent corrosion problems.
4412:
3238:
2531:
926:
4907:
4796:
4598:
4282:
4176:
4049:
4039:
3122:
1449:
1318:
1068:
1657:
730:
294:). This on-load refuelling was an important part of the economic case for choosing the AGR over other reactor types, and in 1965 allowed the
88:, and for this reason it had features that were not the most economic for power generation. Primary among these was the requirement to run on
4337:
4171:
3250:
593:
On 17 December 2010, EDF Energy announced a 5-year life extension for both Heysham 1 and Hartlepool to enable further generation until 2019.
1579:
4972:
4760:
3184:
2610:
4543:
3114:
17:
4860:
4249:
4061:
3209:
1647:
1397:
4849:
4465:
4435:
4322:
4024:
1781:
1527:
1152:
1020:
2020:
1685:
1663:
4912:
4071:
1098:
4663:
4114:
2231:
2071:
2010:
600:
On 4 December 2012 EDF announced that Hinkley Point B and Hunterston B had been given 7-year life extensions, from 2016 to 2023.
2151:
1605:
4658:
4394:
4352:
4239:
3972:
Companies with headquarters and/or registered office in the UK but no applicable energy operations within the country shown in
3273:
2827:
1976:
1715:
906:
4939:
4563:
4134:
4044:
3202:
3034:
2961:
2893:
412:
373:
reducing the footprint of the station and the number of ancillary systems. However this led to difficulties in construction.
3011:
2976:
1475:
1046:
893:
4967:
4962:
4890:
4865:
4780:
4750:
4161:
4079:
2027:
311:
295:
237:
216:
The AGR was designed such that the final steam conditions at the boiler stop valve were identical to that of conventional
4573:
4384:
4272:
4186:
4109:
2633:
1944:
1203:
674:
381:, described the AGR programme as one of the two most costly British government-sponsored project errors, the other being
337:
AGR power station, with a different outward appearance to most AGRs, consequential to multiple build companies being used
1691:
1553:
4034:
3955:
3167:
2966:
2898:
2864:
2859:
2226:
408:
749:"Preparation for future defuelling and decommissioning works on EDF Energy's UK fleet of Advanced Gas Cooled Reactors"
4719:
4445:
4214:
4006:
3976:
Ultimate parent company is not UK-based Integrated in the United States, no generation or supply activities in the UK
3156:
2981:
2951:
2802:
1708:
877:
705:
429:
4583:
4457:
3085:
3044:
3029:
2854:
2561:
2536:
2401:
482:
354:
2837:
820:
4900:
4714:
2956:
2888:
2479:
2313:
1915:
1793:
565:
424:
322:
would generate the cheapest electricity, cheaper than any of the rival designs and the best coal-fired stations.
4628:
4312:
3039:
2941:
2936:
2469:
2318:
1776:
1243:
748:
341:
There were great hopes for the AGR design. An ambitious construction programme of five twin reactor stations,
4816:
4801:
4638:
4593:
4480:
4361:
4229:
4154:
4144:
4104:
3865:
3768:
2971:
2869:
2822:
2243:
2076:
587:
536:
517:
504:
358:
307:
247:
pellets, enriched to 2.5-3.5%, in stainless steel tubes. The original design concept of the AGR was to use a
84:
reactor, the UK's first-generation reactor design. The first Magnox design had been optimised for generating
35:
603:
On 5 November 2013 EDF announced that Hartlepool had been given a 5-year life extension, from 2019 to 2024.
4608:
4292:
4199:
4149:
4089:
3893:
3735:
3225:
3143:
2807:
2644:
2323:
2032:
1786:
4917:
4209:
4119:
3856:
3759:
2986:
2879:
2846:
2797:
2581:
2543:
2381:
2146:
1971:
1875:
1761:
378:
4875:
4643:
4618:
3801:
3630:
2792:
2429:
2108:
935:
4826:
4765:
3842:
3162:
2996:
2406:
2015:
1798:
661:
272:
1189:
1135:
1076:
30:
4806:
4653:
4538:
4219:
2817:
2571:
2496:
2396:
2308:
996:
727:
669:
217:
74:
630:
On 1 August 2022 Hinkley Point B Reactor 3 was shut down, Reactor 4 was shut down on 6 July 2022.
624:
On 15 December 2021 EDF announced that Heysham 2 and Torness are expected to close in March 2028.
4870:
4821:
4588:
4267:
4124:
3588:
3294:
2946:
2526:
2501:
2115:
1892:
2484:
4724:
4485:
4379:
3776:
3456:
2722:
2701:
2391:
1291:
4342:
3883:
3827:
3786:
3635:
2727:
2676:
2421:
2376:
1838:
1766:
1176:
1122:
121:
93:
54:
1450:"Concerns Persist Over Safety of Cracking Inside Reactor in Scotland: Nuclear Safery Expert"
1317:
582:
4317:
4287:
4139:
2908:
2691:
2371:
2356:
786:
607:
A2 and the sister Hartlepool station were also closed down for an eight weeks' inspection.
407:
In October 2016 it was announced that super-articulated control rods would be installed at
315:
229:
1160:
611:
exceed a threshold the reactor would be decommissioned, as the cracks cannot be repaired.
8:
4895:
4603:
4553:
4054:
3832:
3725:
3509:
2506:
2291:
1885:
1753:
1732:
1269:
287:
271:(electricity generated/heat generated ratio) of about 41%, which is better than a modern
112:
During the initial design stages it was found necessary to switch the fuel cladding from
1424:
790:
236:
station. The superheater outlet temperature and pressure were designed to be 2,485
4729:
4558:
4129:
3781:
3259:
2752:
2411:
2248:
2175:
1986:
1106:
268:
221:
208:
58:
2602:
1349:
4770:
4648:
3901:
3873:
3796:
3745:
3715:
3651:
3423:
3409:
2812:
1743:
873:
798:
701:
291:
101:
66:
4755:
4633:
3935:
3416:
3380:
3363:
3149:
3073:
2767:
2762:
1700:
794:
416:
125:
62:
330:
4623:
3524:
3488:
3449:
2489:
2449:
1903:
1641:
734:
695:
346:
252:
244:
117:
89:
50:
1981:
4734:
4430:
4425:
4166:
4014:
3740:
3705:
3675:
3403:
3387:
3374:
3194:
3090:
2757:
2747:
2696:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2184:
2091:
2060:
2042:
1695:
1667:
1502:
1156:
1102:
575:
394:
97:
70:
2464:
1069:"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Nuclear Power Reactors"
895:
Appendix 6: Typical design and operating data for currently operating reactors
4956:
4307:
3837:
3822:
3695:
3662:
3645:
3593:
3442:
3280:
2649:
1920:
1376:"EDF Energy shuts Heysham A1&2 and Hartlepool for pod boiler inspections"
647:
3878:
3791:
1225:
4704:
4528:
4262:
4257:
3945:
3730:
3680:
3430:
3398:
3097:
2772:
2706:
2195:
819:(Report). Nordic Nuclear Safety Research. NKS/RAK2(96)TR-C2. Archived from
570:
350:
4775:
4709:
3710:
3700:
3544:
3519:
3504:
3462:
3127:
2253:
1843:
342:
334:
319:
166:
4234:
4099:
3950:
3817:
3720:
3685:
3625:
3617:
3583:
3539:
3467:
3080:
3068:
2686:
2681:
1959:
1680:
441:
401:
290:, AGRs are designed to be refuelled without being shut down first (see
1635:
General Design and Principles of the Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR)
4094:
3930:
3690:
3483:
3332:
1964:
1954:
1268:. Nuclear Engineering International. 20 February 2012. Archived from
248:
143:
113:
85:
2459:
361:
was quickly rolled out, and export orders were eagerly anticipated.
4885:
3670:
3640:
3573:
3529:
3369:
3287:
3103:
2917:
2333:
2328:
2268:
1937:
1865:
1848:
1833:
1808:
1153:"Life extension of Hinkley Point B and Hunterston B power stations"
960:"UK Experience of Consortia Engineering for Nuclear Power Stations"
382:
257:
105:
564:
In 2006 AGRs made the news when documents were obtained under the
4614:
Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform
4084:
3960:
3940:
3925:
3598:
3578:
3436:
3393:
3300:
2474:
2454:
1853:
1828:
1670:
1075:. International Atomic Energy Agency. 22 May 2010. Archived from
845:"Nuclear_Graphite_Course-B - Graphite Core Design AGR and Others"
641:
1677:
Review of Graphite core issues at Hinkley Point B and other AGRs
4204:
2927:
2263:
2258:
2238:
2218:
2203:
2086:
1823:
1803:
1771:
233:
129:
81:
927:"Book review: 'The Fall and Rise of Nuclear Power in Britain'"
4811:
4533:
4374:
3534:
3514:
3351:
2300:
2156:
1949:
1813:
1099:"10-year life extension at Dungeness B nuclear power station"
777:
Murray, P. (1981). "Developments in oxide fuels at Harwell".
279:
261:
814:
Description of the Advanced Gas Cooled Type of Reactor (AGR)
139:-days per tonne of fuel, enabling less frequent refuelling.
2161:
2050:
1860:
1818:
1651:
283:
53:
designed and operated in the United Kingdom. These are the
1503:"EDF to keep four UK nuclear plants open for years longer"
746:
4978:
Nuclear power stations using Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors
3357:
3266:
2134:
1998:
1580:"Zero-carbon electricity generation ends at Hunterston B"
415:
because of concerns about the stability of the reactors'
152:
133:
1292:"Doosan Babcock signs EDF deal to extend nuclear plants"
694:
Gilbert, Richard J.; Kahn, Edward P. (18 January 2007).
3327:
2632:
1528:"EDF decides to move Dungeness B into defuelling phase"
232:
temperatures do not vary too much from those seen in a
1688:, Nuclear Engineering International, 22 November 2006
1204:"Hinkley Point B and Hunterston B return to 80% load"
369:
began generating electricity in 1983, 13 years late.
128:
fuel to compensate. This change resulted in a higher
1730:
1679:, Large & Associates (Consulting Engineers) for
1310:
1049:. Nuclear Engineering International. 24 January 2019
957:
637:
73:
as coolant. They have been the backbone of the UK's
1378:. Nuclear Engineering International. 11 August 2014
697:
International Comparisons of Electricity Regulation
4881:Double Glazing & Conservatory Ombudsman Scheme
4685:
4549:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1350:"Hartlepool power station to stay open until 2024"
1244:"EDF to extend lifespan of British nuclear plants"
1021:"New cracks delay restart of Hunterston B reactor"
967:Dalton Nuclear Institute, University of Manchester
934:
728:History of Windscale's Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
1398:"UK regulator backs EDF Energy on reactor checks"
4954:
3224:
1319:"EDF extends life of two nuclear power stations"
1206:. Nuclear Engineering International. 1 July 2013
186:Concrete pressure vessel and radiation shielding
1606:"A new dawn as Hinkley Point B ends generation"
951:
870:Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering
747:John Bryers, Simon Ashmead (17 February 2016).
390:privatising the electricity generation industry
212:AGR reactor size compared to other technologies
4797:Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology
4599:Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006
3123:Cumbrians Opposed to a Radioactive Environment
1266:"EDF plans longer life extensions for UK AGRs"
1147:
1145:
861:
740:
687:
4511:
3210:
2618:
2387:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
1716:
1047:"Dungeness B corrosion rated at INES level 2"
920:
918:
916:
868:Shultis, J. Kenneth; Faw, Richard E. (2002).
1468:
1390:
1368:
1342:
1284:
1258:
1196:
1039:
1013:
988:
4544:Department for Energy Security and Net Zero
4177:Timeline of the electricity supply industry
1442:
1246:. Yahoo. Associated Press. 17 December 2010
1236:
1142:
693:
4861:Association for the Conservation of Energy
3217:
3203:
2625:
2611:
2567:
1723:
1709:
1476:"UK nuclear plant gets ten-year extension"
913:
867:
700:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
423:In 2018 inspections ordered by the ONR at
994:
586:The two power stations with four AGRs at
2299:
581:
329:
207:
165:
142:The prototype AGR became operational at
29:
4848:
4664:United Kingdom Climate Change Programme
1422:
435:
14:
4955:
4240:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
2828:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
2665:
2314:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
1644:, IAEA Nuclear Graphite Knowledge Base
1500:
958:S H Wearne, R H Bird (December 2016).
909:from the original on 28 December 2004.
811:
776:
557:before their scheduled closure dates.
92:, which required a coolant with a low
4847:
4684:
4564:Office of Gas and Electricity Markets
4510:
4135:Isle of Man to England Interconnector
3994:
3236:
3198:
3004:
2606:
2319:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
1704:
805:
4891:Energy efficiency in British housing
4866:British Energy Efficiency Federation
4781:Utilities Intermediaries Association
4751:Association for Decentralised Energy
4162:New Electricity Trading Arrangements
4080:Association of Electricity Producers
3879:Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission
924:
312:Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor
296:Central Electricity Generating Board
267:The AGR was designed to have a high
124:and this change required the use of
4973:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
4385:Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
2634:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
2324:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
1660:- decommissioning the Windscale AGR
1105:. 15 September 2005. Archived from
903:Nuclear energy - the future climate
675:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
24:
4035:Confederation of UK Coal Producers
3995:
3956:United Downs Deep Geothermal Power
3168:Sustainable Development Commission
2133:
1686:British Energy's bifurcation blues
1554:"AGR lifetime reviews carried out"
1425:"New cracks in Hunterston reactor"
1159:. 11 December 2007. Archived from
25:
4989:
4720:Centre for Alternative Technology
4215:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
3157:Nuclear Power and the Environment
2803:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
1628:
1501:Moylan, John (16 February 2016).
1226:"Reactor crack fears played down"
1000:Nuclear Engineering International
995:Henderson, David (21 June 2013).
905:(Technical report). 1 June 1999.
430:International Nuclear Event Scale
400:The small-scale prototype AGR at
4934:
4584:Carbon Emission Reduction Target
4303:Natural gas-fired power stations
3179:
3178:
3086:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
2587:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2407:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
1654:conference paper, September 1980
654:
640:
4901:Energy Saving Trust Recommended
4715:Campaign against Climate Change
1692:Account of visiting Torness AGR
1598:
1572:
1546:
1520:
1494:
1423:Broomby, Rob (6 October 2014).
1416:
1330:from the original on 2012-12-08
1218:
1091:
1061:
925:Owen, Geoffrey (7 March 2016).
566:Freedom of Information Act 2000
388:When the government started on
80:The AGR was developed from the
4686:Non-governmental organisations
4629:Energy performance certificate
4313:North Sea Transition Authority
2397:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
1673:column WA232, 24 February 2005
886:
837:
812:Nonbel, Erik (November 1996).
770:
721:
395:omitted from the privatisation
120:. However, steel has a higher
13:
1:
4817:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
4802:Energy Technologies Institute
4639:Low Carbon Building Programme
4481:North Seas Energy Cooperation
4230:Office for Nuclear Regulation
3736:TotalEnergies Gas & Power
3237:
2823:Office for Nuclear Regulation
680:
308:Very-high-temperature reactor
286:reactors, and in contrast to
161:
4609:CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme
4421:Hydroelectric power stations
4293:National Transmission System
4200:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
3226:Energy in the United Kingdom
3144:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
2808:Nuclear Industry Association
2645:Energy in the United Kingdom
2197:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
1648:Advanced gas-cooled reactors
799:10.1016/0022-3115(81)90521-3
779:Journal of Nuclear Materials
758:. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
7:
4968:Graphite moderated reactors
4963:Nuclear power reactor types
4918:National Home Energy Rating
4761:Energy Networks Association
4471:List of offshore wind farms
4210:National Nuclear Laboratory
4195:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
4120:Grid Trade Master Agreement
2798:National Nuclear Laboratory
2544:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
1664:AGR estimated closure dates
997:"The more things change..."
633:
240:(170 bar) and 543 °C.
43:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
18:Advanced gas-cooled reactor
10:
4994:
4876:Code for Sustainable Homes
4644:Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation
4619:Display Energy Certificate
4476:List of onshore wind farms
3843:Wales & West Utilities
3802:Western Power Distribution
3631:Engie Energy International
3106:(research and development)
2793:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
2382:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
325:
4930:
4856:
4843:
4827:UK Energy Research Centre
4789:
4766:Energy Retail Association
4743:
4695:
4691:
4680:
4572:
4521:
4517:
4512:Government and regulation
4506:
4456:
4444:
4411:
4403:Geothermal power stations
4393:
4360:
4351:
4248:
4185:
4110:Energy switching services
4070:
4020:Coal-fired power stations
4005:
4001:
3990:
3969:
3918:
3892:
3864:
3855:
3810:
3767:
3758:
3661:
3616:
3607:
3566:
3557:
3497:
3476:
3341:
3320:
3309:
3249:
3245:
3232:
3176:
3163:Nuclear power in Scotland
3136:
3113:
3061:
3020:
2995:
2926:
2907:
2878:
2845:
2836:
2785:
2740:
2715:
2672:
2658:
2640:
2552:
2519:
2507:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
2420:
2402:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
2367:
2350:
2290:
2217:
2209:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
2183:
2174:
2126:
2106:
2059:
2041:
1997:
1902:
1884:
1752:
1739:
662:Nuclear technology portal
546:
498:
495:
492:
273:pressurized water reactor
218:coal-fired power stations
4908:Greenhouse gas emissions
4807:Met Office Hadley Centre
4654:Renewable Heat Incentive
4594:Climate Change Agreement
4539:Climate Change Committee
4328:Oil-fired power stations
4283:Greenhouse gas emissions
4220:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
4090:East–West Interconnector
4040:Greenhouse gas emissions
2818:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
2572:List of nuclear reactors
2412:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
2028:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
670:List of nuclear reactors
75:nuclear power generation
4871:Close the Door campaign
4822:Sunbury Research Centre
4589:Climate Change Act 2008
4268:Forties pipeline system
4125:Gridlink Interconnector
2562:Nuclear fusion reactors
2527:Organic nuclear reactor
1733:nuclear fission reactor
77:fleet since the 1980s.
27:Type of nuclear reactor
4725:National Energy Action
4486:Wind power in Scotland
4380:Renewable Fuels Agency
4370:Biofuel power stations
4225:Nuclear power stations
3792:SSE Power Distribution
3777:Electricity North West
3457:Rockhopper Exploration
2723:NNB Generation Company
2702:Sheffield Forgemasters
1184:Cite journal requires
1130:Cite journal requires
733:1 October 2011 at the
590:
338:
213:
205:
38:
4659:Renewables Obligation
4343:Petroleum Revenue Tax
3828:Northern Gas Networks
3636:Horizon Nuclear Power
2753:British Nuclear Group
2728:Horizon Nuclear Power
2677:Great British Nuclear
585:
333:
211:
169:
122:neutron cross section
94:neutron cross section
34:AGR power station at
33:
4318:Offshore Energies UK
4288:Hydrocarbon Oil Duty
4140:Moyle Interconnector
4062:Open-pit coal mining
2392:Traveling-wave (TWR)
1876:Supercritical (SCWR)
436:Current AGR reactors
316:Fast Breeder Reactor
288:light water reactors
4896:Energy Saving Trust
4850:Energy conservation
4604:Climate Change Levy
4554:Energy Saving Trust
4466:Offshore wind power
4105:Electricity billing
4055:National Coal Board
4030:Coal mining regions
3833:Phoenix Natural Gas
3726:Phoenix Natural Gas
3510:Amec Foster Wheeler
2716:New build operators
1762:Aqueous homogeneous
1326:. 4 December 2012.
791:1981JNuM..100...67M
574:which claimed that
100:, and an efficient
59:gas-cooled reactors
4730:Stop Climate Chaos
4559:Environment Agency
4333:Oil infrastructure
4298:Natural gas fields
4278:Gas infrastructure
4130:HVDC Cross-Channel
3884:SP Energy Networks
3787:SP Energy Networks
3782:Northern Powergrid
3100:(fuel manufacture)
3074:uranium enrichment
2582:Nuclear technology
1640:2017-09-07 at the
1560:. 15 December 2021
1480:World Nuclear News
1402:World Nuclear News
1298:. 19 February 2014
1272:on 13 October 2013
1025:World Nuclear News
591:
339:
269:thermal efficiency
214:
206:
180:Graphite moderator
39:
4950:
4949:
4926:
4925:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4771:Green Power Forum
4676:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4649:Planning Act 2008
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4115:Green electricity
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3851:
3850:
3797:UK Power Networks
3754:
3753:
3746:Utility Warehouse
3716:Outfox the Market
3652:Vedanta Resources
3553:
3552:
3424:Melrose Resources
3417:JKX Oil & Gas
3410:Hardy Oil and Gas
3192:
3191:
3062:Non-reactor sites
3057:
3056:
3053:
3052:
2813:Nuclear Institute
2781:
2780:
2736:
2735:
2600:
2599:
2592:Nuclear accidents
2515:
2514:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2286:
2285:
2170:
2169:
2102:
2101:
1482:. 20 January 2015
1356:. 5 November 2013
1163:on 1 October 2018
872:. Marcel Dekker.
737:, Sellafield Ltd.
554:
553:
292:Online refuelling
278:Like the Magnox,
102:neutron moderator
67:neutron moderator
55:second generation
16:(Redirected from
4985:
4938:
4937:
4845:
4844:
4756:Energy Institute
4693:
4692:
4682:
4681:
4634:Fossil Fuel Levy
4519:
4518:
4508:
4507:
4413:Hydroelectricity
4358:
4357:
4003:
4002:
3992:
3991:
3971:
3936:Aquamarine Power
3862:
3861:
3765:
3764:
3614:
3613:
3564:
3563:
3381:Desire Petroleum
3364:Capricorn Energy
3318:
3317:
3247:
3246:
3234:
3233:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3002:
3001:
2843:
2842:
2768:Scottish Nuclear
2763:Nuclear Electric
2670:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2502:Helium gas (GFR)
2365:
2364:
2360:
2297:
2296:
2181:
2180:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1586:. 7 January 2022
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1456:. 7 October 2014
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1404:. 13 August 2014
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1109:on 22 March 2006
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
976:on 26 March 2017
975:
969:. Archived from
964:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
938:
933:. Archived from
922:
911:
910:
900:
890:
884:
883:
865:
859:
858:
857:on 17 July 2011.
856:
850:. Archived from
849:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
825:
818:
809:
803:
802:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
753:
744:
738:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
691:
664:
659:
658:
657:
650:
645:
644:
447:
446:
195:Water circulator
126:enriched uranium
21:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4935:
4922:
4852:
4831:
4785:
4744:Industry bodies
4739:
4698:pressure groups
4697:
4687:
4668:
4624:Energy Act 2013
4575:
4574:Legislation and
4568:
4513:
4490:
4452:
4440:
4407:
4389:
4347:
4244:
4181:
4155:Reserve Service
4066:
3997:
3978:
3965:
3906:
3888:
3847:
3806:
3750:
3657:
3609:
3603:
3549:
3525:John Wood Group
3493:
3489:Murco Petroleum
3472:
3450:Regal Petroleum
3343:
3337:
3312:
3305:
3241:
3228:
3223:
3193:
3188:
3172:
3150:Nuclear or Not?
3132:
3109:
3049:
3035:Hinkley Point C
3016:
2991:
2962:Hinkley Point A
2922:
2903:
2894:Hinkley Point B
2874:
2832:
2777:
2758:Magnox Electric
2732:
2711:
2654:
2636:
2631:
2601:
2596:
2548:
2511:
2416:
2361:
2354:
2353:
2338:
2282:
2213:
2188:
2166:
2138:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2098:
2064:
2055:
2037:
2002:
1993:
1907:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1794:Natural fission
1748:
1747:
1735:
1729:
1642:Wayback Machine
1631:
1626:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1612:. 1 August 2022
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1324:The Independent
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1079:on 28 June 2011
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
993:
989:
979:
977:
973:
962:
956:
952:
942:
940:
931:Financial Times
923:
914:
898:
892:
891:
887:
880:
866:
862:
854:
847:
843:
842:
838:
829:
827:
823:
816:
810:
806:
775:
771:
761:
759:
751:
745:
741:
735:Wayback Machine
726:
722:
712:
710:
708:
692:
688:
683:
660:
655:
653:
646:
639:
636:
561:modifications.
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
438:
413:Hinkley Point B
379:David Henderson
347:Hinkley Point B
328:
253:stainless steel
245:uranium dioxide
227:
204:
183:Fuel assemblies
164:
156:
150:
137:
118:stainless steel
96:, in this case
90:natural uranium
51:nuclear reactor
49:) is a type of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4991:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4735:Tyndall Centre
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4431:Severn Barrage
4428:
4426:Mersey Barrage
4423:
4417:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:Oil refineries
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4172:Power stations
4169:
4167:North Sea Link
4164:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4050:miners' strike
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4015:Coal Authority
4011:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3996:Energy sources
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3741:Utilita Energy
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Octopus Energy
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Bristol Energy
3673:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3404:Harbour Energy
3401:
3396:
3391:
3388:Emerald Energy
3384:
3377:
3375:Dana Petroleum
3372:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3345:
3344:and production
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3260:Anglo American
3255:
3253:
3243:
3242:
3230:
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1232:. 5 June 2006.
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1157:British Energy
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1103:British Energy
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785:(1–3): 67–71.
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397:at that time.
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4529:Carbon Trust
4263:Dash for Gas
4258:BBL Pipeline
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3946:Hi-Gen Power
3857:Transmission
3760:Distribution
3731:Shell Energy
3681:Co-op Energy
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3115:Anti-nuclear
3098:Springfields
2967:Hunterston A
2899:Hunterston B
2773:NuGeneration
2430:Sodium (SFR)
2357:fast-neutron
2208:
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1658:Project WAGR
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1270:the original
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1123:cite journal
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1027:. 3 May 2018
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242:
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177:Control rods
174:Charge tubes
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110:
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4776:RenewableUK
4710:Bioregional
4576:initiatives
4446:Solar power
4250:Oil and gas
4072:Electricity
3866:Electricity
3769:Electricity
3711:Opus Energy
3701:Good Energy
3545:WesternGeco
3505:Abbot Group
3463:Star Energy
3342:Exploration
3128:Energy Fair
2982:Trawsfynydd
2957:Dungeness A
2952:Chapelcross
2947:Calder Hall
2889:Dungeness B
2692:Rolls-Royce
2465:Superphénix
2292:Molten-salt
2244:VHTR (HTGR)
2021:HW BLWR 250
1987:R4 Marviken
1916:Pressurized
1886:Heavy water
1870:many others
1799:Pressurized
1754:Light water
1454:RIA Novosti
756:PREDEC 2016
425:Dungeness B
343:Dungeness B
335:Dungeness B
320:Dungeness B
57:of British
4957:Categories
4458:Wind power
4436:Wave farms
4395:Geothermal
4353:Renewables
4323:Oil fields
4235:Sellafield
4100:Economy 10
4025:Coal mines
3951:Mark Group
3818:Cadent Gas
3721:OVO Energy
3686:Ecotricity
3626:Drax Group
3618:Generation
3610:and supply
3608:Generation
3584:EDF Energy
3567:Integrated
3540:Weir Group
3468:Tullow Oil
3321:Integrated
3081:Sellafield
3069:Capenhurst
3045:Sizewell C
3030:Bradwell B
3012:Sizewell B
2977:Sizewell A
2855:Hartlepool
2687:Magnox Ltd
2682:EDF Energy
2249:PBR (PBMR)
1681:Greenpeace
1616:29 January
1610:EDF Energy
1590:12 January
1584:EDF Energy
1558:EDF Energy
1532:EDF Energy
1486:21 January
1460:10 October
1053:30 January
830:2019-01-02
681:References
483:Hartlepool
475:Accounting
470:Commercial
442:EDF Energy
402:Sellafield
355:Hartlepool
162:AGR design
132:of 18,000
4095:Economy 7
3931:APX Group
3691:ESB Group
3559:Utilities
3484:Greenergy
3295:Rio Tinto
3239:Companies
2865:Heysham 2
2860:Heysham 1
2659:Companies
2301:Fluorides
1965:IPHWR-700
1960:IPHWR-540
1955:IPHWR-220
1744:Moderator
1731:Types of
1564:7 January
1408:14 August
1382:14 August
1334:14 August
762:18 August
713:6 October
518:Heysham 2
505:Heysham 1
472:operation
465:Connected
450:AGR Power
249:beryllium
144:Windscale
114:beryllium
86:plutonium
4941:Category
4886:EcoHomes
4790:Research
4362:Biofuels
3671:100Green
3641:Renantis
3574:Centrica
3530:Petrofac
3370:Centrica
3311:Oil and
3288:Glencore
3185:Category
3104:Winfrith
3040:Moorside
2942:Bradwell
2937:Berkeley
2930:(closed)
2918:Dounreay
2911:(closed)
2882:(closed)
2838:Reactors
2334:TMSR-LF1
2329:TMSR-500
2309:Fuji MSR
2269:THTR-300
2109:Graphite
1972:PHWR KWU
1938:ACR-1000
1866:IPWR-900
1849:ACPR1000
1844:HPR-1000
1834:CPR-1000
1809:APR-1400
1638:Archived
1507:BBC News
1429:BBC News
1354:BBC News
1328:Archived
1296:BBC News
1250:11 April
1230:BBC News
980:25 March
943:16 March
907:Archived
731:Archived
634:See also
417:graphite
383:Concorde
314:and the
258:nitrogen
106:graphite
63:graphite
61:, using
4187:Nuclear
4150:Control
4085:BritNed
4045:History
3974:italics
3961:Wavegen
3941:EnServe
3926:Aggreko
3579:E.ON UK
3520:Hunting
3498:Support
3437:Perenco
3394:EnQuest
3301:UK Coal
3022:Planned
2972:Oldbury
2870:Torness
2741:Defunct
2666:Current
2475:FBR-600
2455:CFR-600
2450:BN-1200
2116:coolant
2043:Organic
1928:CANDU 9
1925:CANDU 6
1893:coolant
1854:ACP1000
1829:CAP1400
1767:Boiling
1671:Hansard
1512:23 July
1434:23 July
1360:23 July
1302:23 July
1167:19 June
1113:19 June
1005:23 July
787:Bibcode
588:Heysham
537:Torness
467:to grid
462:started
452:Station
359:Heysham
326:History
224:with CO
65:as the
36:Torness
4451:
4205:Magnox
3663:Supply
3589:Npower
3477:Supply
3005:Active
2928:Magnox
2707:Urenco
2520:Others
2460:Phénix
2445:BN-800
2440:BN-600
2435:BN-350
2264:HTR-PM
2259:HTR-10
2239:UHTREX
2204:Magnox
2199:(UNGG)
2092:Lucens
2087:KS 150
1824:ATMEA1
1804:AP1000
1787:Kerena
1538:7 June
1276:16 May
1210:2 July
1083:22 May
876:
704:
310:, the
234:Magnox
222:reacts
130:burnup
82:Magnox
4812:Narec
4534:Cenex
4375:NNFCC
3919:Other
3535:Qserv
3515:Expro
3352:Afren
3333:Shell
3137:Other
2987:Wylfa
2537:Piqua
2532:Arbus
2490:PRISM
2232:MHR-T
2227:GTMHR
2157:EGP-6
2152:AMB-X
2127:Water
2072:HWGCR
2011:HWLWR
1950:IPHWR
1921:CANDU
1782:ESBWR
1031:6 May
974:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
855:(PDF)
848:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
817:(PDF)
752:(PDF)
550:2028
531:2028
512:1970
499:2026
490:1968
280:CANDU
262:boron
201:Steam
192:Water
4007:Coal
3274:ENRC
3251:Coal
2497:Lead
2480:CEFR
2470:PFBR
2352:None
2162:RBMK
2147:AM-1
2077:EL-4
2051:WR-1
2033:AHWR
1977:MZFR
1945:CVTR
1934:AFCR
1861:VVER
1819:APWR
1814:APR+
1777:ABWR
1652:IAEA
1618:2023
1592:2022
1566:2022
1540:2021
1514:2021
1488:2015
1462:2014
1436:2021
1410:2014
1384:2014
1362:2021
1336:2013
1304:2021
1278:2012
1252:2011
1212:2013
1190:help
1169:2008
1136:help
1115:2008
1085:2010
1055:2019
1033:2018
1007:2021
982:2017
945:2016
874:ISBN
764:2017
715:2017
702:ISBN
547:1988
544:1980
541:1250
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509:1150
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493:1983
487:1210
411:and
357:and
284:RBMK
282:and
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3894:Gas
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2016:ATR
1931:EC6
1891:by
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