952:"Im Gegensatz zu den bis jetzt bekannten gepaarten organischen Säuren, welche durch Zersetzung organischer Materien von meist complicierter Zusammensetzung unter Einwirkung kräftiger Agentien und unter Verhältnissen entstanden sind, welche eine mehrfache Auslegung der Zersetzungserscheinungen gestatten, werden diejenigen, welche den Gegenstand der nachstehenden Betrachtungen ausmachen, durch Synthese aus Körpern von möglichst einfacher Zusammensetzung gebildet, so daß sie uns über ihre Constitution kaum im Zweifel lassen, und können deshalb gewissermaßen als Prototypen jener Körperreihe angesehen werden."
954:(In contrast to the paired organic acids known until now, which have been formed by the decomposition of organic matter of the most complicated composition during the reaction of strong agencies and under conditions that admit multiple interpretations of decomposition phenomena, those that constitute the object of the following observations are formed by synthesis from substances of the simplest possible composition, so that they leave us hardly in doubt about their constitution, and thus can be viewed in a way as prototypes of those series of substances.)
44:
710:, from 1870 to 1884), Kolbe was sometimes so severely critical of the work of others, especially after about 1874, that some wondered whether he might have been suffering a mental illness. He was intolerant of what he regarded as loose speculation parading as theory, and sought through his writings to save his beloved science of chemistry from what he regarded as the scourge of modern structural theory.
595:
can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids. In addition to his own bench research and scholarly and editorial work, Kolbe oversaw student research at
Leipzig and especially at Marburg; students spending time under his tutelage included
739:...Baeyer is an excellent experimentor, but he is only an empiricist, lacking sense and capability, and his interpretations of his experiments show particular deficiency in his familiarity with the principles of true science...»
504:
could be derived from substances clearly sourced from outside this "organic" context, directly or indirectly, by substitution processes. (Hence, while by modern definitions, he was converting one
312:. This was done via modifications to the idea of "radicals" and accurate prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, and to the emerging array of organic reactions through his
1110:
500:, according to which a special life-force was necessary to create "organic" (i.e., in its original meaning, biologically derived) compounds. Kolbe promoted the idea that
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484:
In 1853, he married
Charlotte, the daughter of General-Major Wilhelm von Bardeleben. His wife died in 1876 after 23 years of happy marriage. They had four children.
733:. Some translated quotes illustrate his manner of articulating the deep conflict between his interpretation of chemistry and that of the structural chemists:
1320:
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344:'s Davy Medal in the year of his death. Despite these accomplishments and his training important members of the next generation of chemists (including
410:
pastor. At the age of 13, he entered the Göttingen
Gymnasium, residing at the home of one of the professors. He obtained the leaving certificate (the
469:, and he also wrote an important textbook. In 1851, Kolbe succeeded Bunsen as professor of chemistry at Marburg and, in 1865, he was called to the
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he wrote numerous books Kolbe served for more than a decade as what, in modern terms, would be understood the senior editor of the
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was confirmed by the synthesis of the first of these classes of organic molecules. Kolbe was the first person to use the word
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437:. He took his doctoral degree in 1843 at the same university. A new opportunity arose in 1845, when he became assistant to
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386:'s reforms of nomenclature were personally critical and linguistically violent. Kolbe died of a heart attack in
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Kolbe wrote the word "synthesis" describing his project to transform carbon disulfide into acetic acid. See:
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1243:, the article on the original German journal and its descendants, German Knowledge, accessed 2 July 2014.
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132:
1267:. English title: "On the syntheses of salicylic acid"; German title "Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure".
419:
540:. A dramatic success came when his theoretical prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary
336:, Kolbe was involved with the early internationalization of chemistry through work in London (with
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His rejection of structural chemistry, especially the theories of the structure of benzene by
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280:(27 September 1818 – 25 November 1884) was a major contributor to the birth of modern
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in its present-day meaning, and contributed a number of new chemical reactions.
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1159:"BegrĂĽndung meiner Urtheile ĂĽber Ad. Baeyer's wissenschaftliche Qualification"
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1189:"Today In Science History – September 27 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe"
1010:
865:
The Quiet
Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry
773:
The Quiet
Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry
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The violence of his language worked to limit his posthumous reputation.
340:). He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and won the
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to another, by the parlance of his era, he was converting "inorganic"—
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in a chemical context, and contributed to the philosophical demise of
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Lindsey, Alan; Jeskey, Harold (1957). "The Kolbe
Schmitt Reaction".
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in the spring of 1838 in order to study with the famous chemist
414:) six years later. He had become passionate about the study of
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English
Translation of Kolbe's seminal 1860 German article in
966:"Untersuchungen ĂĽber die Elektrolyse organischer Verbindungen"
608:
predicting the product composition of elimination reactions),
1111:"Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe – developer of Kolbe synthesis"
613:
390:
at age 66, six years after the death of his wife, Charlotte.
756:
Untersuchungen ĂĽber die
Elektrolyse organischer Verbindungen
370:
for more than a decade, in which his vituperative essays on
932:[Contributions to knowledge of paired compounds].
583:. His method for the synthesis of nitriles is called the
496:
in 1828, some chemists still believed in the doctrine of
1181:
364:, and others), Kolbe is best remembered for editing the
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729:, was expressed in his vituperative articles in the
1213:Kurzes Lehrbuch der Chemie . 1.Anorganische Chemie
930:"Beiträge zur Kenntniß der gepaarten Verbindungen"
551:In particular, Kolbe developed procedures for the
473:. In 1864, he was elected a foreign member of the
680:(first to describe the double bond of ethylene),
1301:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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451:Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie
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308:, and also contributed to the development of
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1321:Academic staff of the University of Marburg
1215:. Vieweg, Braunschweig 2. verb. Aufl. 1884
668:describing addition reactions to alkenes),
449:. From 1847, he was engaged in editing the
887:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
42:
1129:
840:
691:
536:, so contributing to the development of
455:Dictionary of Pure and Applied Chemistry
292:. Kolbe was the first to apply the term
1221:University and State Library DĂĽsseldorf
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14:
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862:
1306:Academic staff of Leipzig University
1296:Foreign members of the Royal Society
494:Friedrich Wöhler's synthesis of urea
477:. He was elected as a member of the
398:Kolbe was born in Elliehausen, near
429:In 1842, he became an assistant to
24:
1331:People from the Kingdom of Hanover
1228:Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis
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492:As late as the 1840s, and despite
25:
1342:
1247:
1026:"Ueber Synthese der Salicylsäure"
796:"Zur Erinnerung an Hermann Kolbe"
475:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
406:(Germany) as the eldest son of a
1265:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
1031:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
971:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
934:Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie
843:"Hermann Kolbe – German chemist"
445:in London and a close friend of
1150:
759:. Edinburgh: Livingstone. 1947.
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1311:University of Göttingen alumni
1113:. 11 June 2015. Archived from
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920:
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777:University of California Press
708:Journal of practical chemistry
602:Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev
479:American Philosophical Society
218:Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev
13:
1:
1240:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1232:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1230:, ultimate descendant of the
1163:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
800:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
731:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
703:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
367:Journal fĂĽr Praktische Chemie
1316:University of Marburg alumni
1281:19th-century German chemists
467:Johann Christian Poggendorff
435:Philipps-Universität Marburg
278:Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
58:Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
18:Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe
7:
378:'s theory on the origin of
10:
1347:
1078:Electrochemical Dictionary
764:
443:Museum of Economic Geology
316:of carboxylate salts, the
27:German chemist (1818–1884)
1326:Scientists from Göttingen
1090:"Kolbe Nitrile Synthesis"
488:Work in chemical research
374:'s structure of benzene,
300:through synthesis of the
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1175:10.1002/prac.18820260121
1137:"Books by Hermann Kolbe"
1058:"Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction"
1044:10.1002/jlac.18601130120
984:10.1002/jlac.18490690302
946:10.1002/jlac.18450540202
812:10.1002/prac.18850300143
660:smaller and larger than
284:. He was a professor at
1259:18 October 2020 at the
1235:, accessed 2 July 2014.
863:Rocke, Alan J. (1993).
771:Rocke, Alan J. (1993).
585:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
420:University of Göttingen
418:, matriculating at the
393:
342:Royal Society of London
326:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
137:Kolbe nitrile synthesis
1226:Wiley online library:
1157:Hermann Kolbe (1882).
1024:Hermann Kolbe (1860).
964:Hermann Kolbe (1849).
794:von Meyer, E. (1884).
742:
719:asymmetric carbon atom
692:Work as journal editor
630:Beckmann rearrangement
581:Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
571:, a building block of
320:in the preparation of
318:Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
133:Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
735:
696:Besides his work for
622:Curtius rearrangement
328:. After studies with
188:University of Leipzig
184:University of Marburg
118:University of Marburg
907:search.amphilsoc.org
903:"APS Member History"
820:Notes and references
717:, the theory of the
678:Alexander Crum Brown
654:Vladimir Markovnikov
575:in a process called
514:carbon disulfide (CS
258:Alexander Crum Brown
246:Vladimir Markovnikov
1191:. 27 September 2014
1011:10.1021/cr50016a001
656:(first to describe
646:Constantin Fahlberg
628:(discoverer of the
626:Ernst Otto Beckmann
471:Universität Leipzig
238:Constantin Fahlberg
226:Ernst Otto Beckmann
950:From pp. 145–146:
928:Kolbe, H. (1845).
666:Markovnikov's rule
650:Nikolai Menshutkin
565:Kolbe electrolysis
404:Kingdom of Hanover
314:Kolbe electrolysis
242:Nikolai Menshutkin
128:Kolbe electrolysis
77:Kingdom of Hanover
71:Elliehausen, near
1117:on 19 August 2016
874:978-0-520-08110-9
786:978-0-520-08110-9
686:Frederick Guthrie
538:structural theory
502:organic compounds
459:Justus von Liebig
310:structural theory
304:acetic acid from
302:organic substance
282:organic chemistry
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266:Frederick Guthrie
210:Doctoral students
164:Scientific career
68:27 September 1818
16:(Redirected from
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561:carboxylic acids
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447:Edward Frankland
424:Friedrich Wöhler
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577:Kolbe synthesis
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1254:Translations
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1193:. Retrieved
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1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
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748:Publications
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598:Peter Griess
553:electrolysis
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214:Peter Griess
180:Institutions
163:
89:(1884-11-25)
29:
1291:1884 deaths
1286:1818 births
698:periodicals
674:Ludwig Mond
662:cyclohexane
658:carbocycles
634:Carl Graebe
616:compounds,
604:(known for
587:, and with
522:acetic acid
510:anorganisch
441:at the new
362:Markovnikov
254:Ludwig Mond
230:Carl Graebe
106:Nationality
1275:Categories
642:Oscar Loew
620:, and the
618:hydrazines
559:and other
408:Protestant
376:van't Hoff
234:Oscar Loew
147:Davy Medal
64:1818-09-27
883:cite book
546:synthesis
481:in 1874.
416:chemistry
400:Göttingen
380:chirality
338:Frankland
294:synthesis
73:Göttingen
1257:Archived
999:Chem Rev
638:alizarin
593:nitriles
542:alcohols
534:radicals
498:vitalism
354:Beckmann
324:and the
298:vitalism
154:ForMemRS
1219:by the
1195:28 July
1142:28 July
1121:28 July
1095:28 July
1063:28 July
848:28 July
765:Sources
573:aspirin
433:at the
388:Leipzig
350:Curtius
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