305:
1016:
1814:
782:
1004:
1324:
1052:
154:
1040:
1091:
2346:
1996:
2266:
1080:
1277:
1028:
1849:
1064:
43:
966:, and Djérem are the major rivers of the Atlantic basin. The Mbam and Kim both rise in the southwest before flowing into the Centre Province. The Djérem forms in eastern and western branches, which converge at the Mbakaou Reservoir. The river then flows south into the East Province. Due to the reservoir (which holds two million cubic metres of water), the Djérem forms an important source of
620:
served as the single most important event in the peopling of southern
Cameroon. The jihad only served to depopulate Cameroon's north, however. The Fulbe invaders did not set up new settlements. Rather, they used their conquered lands as pasture for their cattle. Many of these groups were still migrating when they came into contact with Cameroon's new colonisers: The
517:, and they founded the towns of Mbamnyang (present Banyo) and Tibaré (present Tibati). The Semi-Bantu peoples gradually moved south before settling near the headwaters of the Mbam River sometime between the 17th and 19th centuries. The Bantu settled east of them, south of the Adamawa Plateau. One or all of these populations founded Banyo, Tibati, and Ngaoundéré.
733:, whom Biya and the press accused of trying to turn the lamidos against the new leader. Biya enjoys some support in the province today, but his popularity is nowhere near as strong as in Cameroon's south. Part of this is because Biya's main activities in the north have been minimal. He split the North Province into three parts in 1983, thus creating the
1839:
With its low population, the
Adamawa holds little import to Cameroonian politicians. However, the Fulbe tribe is spread throughout the country, especially in the three northern provinces, and together they form a significant bloc that Cameroonian politicians cannot easily ignore. This is one way that
644:
followed
Nachtigal in 1882. He explored the Adamawa emirate, setting up trade and reaching as far south as Banyo. He died in 1883, however, still on expedition, and peaceful contact between the West and the Fulbe empire came to an end. Instead, Germany annexed part of Adama's empire in 1884, and the
529:
Early Fulbe settlers entered the
Adamawa from present-day Nigeria or northern Cameroon as early as the 13th century. These settlers and nomads were never numerous, however, and they often held subservient status to other tribes. Over time, however, the steady stream of Fulbe immigrants allowed Fulbe
1287:
The
Adamawa is sparsely populated. Large swathes of land are devoted almost entirely to the use of Fulbe cattle herders, this pasture punctuated only by occasional settlements. The Cameroonian government has made efforts to persuade Fulbe herdsmen to adopt sedentary ways, but the nomadic traditions
1773:
Ngaoundéré is the gateway to the province, and it is most easily accessible from southern
Cameroon via the "Transcam II" rail line. The trip takes between 12 and 30 hours, but the presence of couchettes makes the journey bearable for those who can afford them. Other passengers are crammed into all
1525:
The close relationship between the Bororo and their herds lends a great cultural importance to a Fulbe's number of cattle, and the more heads of cattle a man has, the wealthier he is. This often leads herders to never kill their animals, however, and to keep sick animals alive for fear of losing a
665:
Germany eventually prevailed against the Fulbe, and the present
Adamawa fell into the Ngaoundéré administrative area, or "residency". From 1902 to 1903, Germany allowed most lamidos to stay in power, albeit under German supervision; rulers who refused to cooperate were replaced. The colonials also
619:
Those groups who resisted had no choice but to flee to the unforgiving mountains or else to the jungle south. Those groups who were immediate neighbours to the warring Fulbe, such as the Vute and Gbaya, dislodged others who lay in their path, such as
Cameroon's Bantu peoples. The Fulbe jihads thus
426:
It's southwestern flank lies within the northern fringes of the region of the earliest (Proto-) Bantu homeland from where the Bantu expansion began about 2000 BC (Blench, 1993). This stretch is believed to contain some of "the Bantu who stated home" after the Bantu split and expansion to central,
520:
Meanwhile, the Bantu and Semi-Bantu invasions drove the longer-established
Sudanese peoples north. The Mbum, Ndoro, Kutin, and Laka-Mbere moved to the present-day province's northern reaches, while the other Sudanese migrated even farther. This period marked the highest population for the Adamawa
1662:
are the region's most prolific farmers, though even the herdsmen farm in the rainy season. Farms are typically small plots that are cleared or burned out of the brush and then planted during the dry season. Crops grow during the rainy season, when they are harvested. Because the dry season is so
1777:
Road travel from the south is also possible, but this is limited to poor roads from the Centre
Province or else a long detour through the East Province, where the roads are not much better. Roads within the Adamawa itself are mostly unpaved and are often in poor condition (particularly south of
935:
rises in the Gotel Mountains and then flows into the North Province. The Faro River begins a short distance east of the Mayo Deo but follows a wide, arcing course east and north between the Vina division and the Faro and Deo division before entering the North Province (the two rivers eventually
721:
Ahidjo became Cameroon's first president after the country's independence on 1 January 1960. He devoted substantial resources to developing his northern homeland, such as the extension of a road north from Yaoundé to better link Cameroon's north and south. The railroad followed soon thereafter,
639:
was the first Westerner to explore the region extensively, which he did between 1869 and 1873. Nachtigal kept a keen eye out to notice what groups lived in the region, what their relations were like with their neighbours, and what resources could possibly be exploited from the area. The British
611:
Beginning around 1835, Fulbe immigrants streamed into the newly conquered territories in large numbers. By 1850, the Fulbe were firmly entrenched in northern Cameroon. Native populations were subjugated and placed under the rule of the local lamidos. Native populations were forced to convert to
1942:
Lamidos, traditional Muslim rulers, still hold great sway over their Fulbe subjects. Most large towns in the province have a lamido, and many smaller villages do as well. The various lamidos elect councilors to serve them; these may come from both Fulbe and other tribal groups. The Cameroonian
1835:
What social inequalities exist in the Adamawa largely stem from the region's high level of cultural homogeneity. Most people in the province are Muslim Fulbe, and those who are not often fall prey to racism and discrimination, especially in more rural areas. The Cameroonian government has made
1347:
live south of them on the Nigerian border and in a second population centre on the southwestern bank of the Mbarkaou Reservoir. The Mambila inhabit the southwestern border, and the Konja lie inland from them along the Banyo-Bankim road. The Tikar are at the province's southwestern corner, with
1136:
follow this fault in a rough cut toward the east. Other mountains dot the province, as well. The Mambilas stretch into the extreme southwest from Nigeria and the Northwest and West Provinces. The Gotels are north of these along the border with Nigeria. All of these mountains form part of the
661:
to suppress the uprisings, and on 7 May 1899, Banyo became the first major town to surrender. Tibati fell a month later, and Ngaoundéré followed on 20 September 1901. The Adamawa Plateau was now largely pacified, and the Germans pushed north toward the important trade town of Garoua.
1110:, a band of terrain that ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 m in altitude (averaging about 1,100 m) and stretches from Nigeria to the CAR. Altitude dips to as low of 500 m in the Djérem and Mbéré valleys and at the border north of Ngaoundéré. The plateau continues to about
1314:
of the Gotel Mountains. The Pere are also known as the Kutin or Koutine, though this is in fact a highly derogatory term meaning "dogs" that was given to them by the Fulbe. The northern border also has a slightly higher population density than the Fulbe interior.
1778:
Ngaoundéré) due to little maintenance. The road north from Ngaoundéré into the North Province is paved, however, meaning that those traveling via train can continue to the North and Far North without too much discomfort. National Road 6 enters the province from
1974:
The Adamawa's education level is generally very low. The nomadic Bororo rarely send their children to school. Meanwhile, town Fulbe often marry their daughters off early into puberty, and married girls do not go to school. The province has an estimated 80%
689:
French colonial policies varied little from their German predecessors. Lamidos were left in nominal power, though they were expected to carry out French policies. France also did away with recalcitrant rulers, and by 1936, the region had 39 lamidos and one
427:
eastern and southern Africa Zeitlyn - Connell, 2003:136). Since the split, the southwestern section witnessed series of invasions and dispersals analogous to Armageddon. Many of the populations of the Western Grassfields can be traced to these dispersals.
1410:
neighbours. The pastoral Fulbe create only temporary settlements, preferring instead to range across the province and beyond with large herds of cattle. These Fulbe are lighter skinned than their town brethren, tall and thin, with aquiline features.
1950:. However, these men are mostly just figureheads today. Among the Tikar, however, these individuals still hold a substantial amount of power. A group of advisers, or "Council of Notables", serves each Tikar chief. Below them are various ward heads (
1157:, a transitional zone between Cameroon's forested south and desert north. On the plateau itself, the savanna continues, though it is less wooded. Grass cover is consistent and thick, and the original vegetation still survives in the river valleys.
2027:, a Tikar dance. Performers may dance for any number of reasons, from aiding warriors to celebrating women's sensuality. Births, funerals, and weddings are often occasion for grand celebration among the region's non-Muslim populations, as well.
1449:
Islam is followed by many in Adamawa, especially among the Fulbe majority. Even among them, however, there is a noted difference between the sedentary Fulbe, who are more religious, and the nomadic Bororo, who are often only nominally Muslim.
694:. France's main contribution to the region was its improvements to infrastructure. Road construction, in particular, accelerated during French rule, and the colonials had a road built from Foumban to Garoua via Banyo, Tibati, and Ngaoundéré.
1176:
become prevalent. Grasses are the dominant form of plant life throughout except in the few forested areas and in some regions of scrubby bush. In addition, the southwestern half of the Mayo-Banyo division is a more heavily forested
2015:. Official government figures give the province an HIV-infection rate of 17%, the highest in the country. These numbers come from samples in Ngaoundéré only, however, and infection rates in more rural areas are probably lower.
1295:. The modern city is thus a sprawling mass of winding streets surrounding the traditional town. It is also a microcosm of the province's ethnic diversity, as representatives of most of the Adamawa's peoples can be found there.
1826:
allow tourists to visit their palaces, for example, such as the ruler of Ngo, who receives nobles every Friday and Sunday. The province also has numerous scenic destinations ranging from crater lakes to caves and waterfalls.
1710:
1522:, a Fulbe monopoly. The region's low population, high humidity, and vast fields of grass make it ideal for grazing. Herdsmen rotate pastures, and they often construct watering holes or wells for themselves and their animals.
1821:
Most travellers see the Adamawa only briefly as they transition at Ngaoundéré from the train to a bus further north. The province does see some visitors who are interested in the region's rich cultural history. A number of
912:, with a period of high water from May to September during the rainy season, and a period of low water – or even complete dryness – from October to April. Some of these are subject to seasonal flooding as well, such as the
1494:; August is another rainfall peak. In addition, temperatures dip from November to January, as conditions similar to those that cause winter in temperate climes take at least a tentative hold. Temperatures rise due to the
1355:
constitute the next major grouping. The Pere are farthest west of these, living in three main concentrations. The first is at the province's northwest, north of Mayo-Baleo town. They have another centre at the village of
1470:
The province's high elevation lends it a relatively cool climate average between 22 and 25 degrees Celsius. However, specific conditions vary between the South Cameroon and Adamawa Plateaus. The former experiences an
1982:
Another obstacle is lack of schools and teachers. Most schools are located in larger towns or in the capital, meaning that students often must travel long distances or live away from home, particularly at the
1387:, the Gbaya make up another important grouping. Their territory spans the whole of the Mbéré division as well as a small area at the southwest of the Vina division. They continue south into the East Province.
1490:. It has only two seasons; November begins the dry period, and April the wet. Rainfall here averages 900 to 1,500 mm per year and decreases further north. May and June are the wettest, with occasional
533:
In 1804, Fulbe in the territory and beyond were growing disenchanted with submission to pagan tribes. They were also hungry for larger territories that they could use for cattle grazing. The Fulbe leader
1479:
with four seasons: a long, dry period from December to May, a short, wet period from May to June, a short, dry season from July to October, and finally a long, wet season from October to November.
1565:
2058:
1185:
705:. One of these called for the "democratisation" of northern Cameroon, which the Muslim rulers feared was code for bringing an end to their influence. Muslim leaders thus threatened to
1188:, which protects 4165 km in both the Adamawa and East Provinces. The park is notable for containing both large tracts of savanna and forest. In addition, a small portion of the
1153:
The Adamawa's vegetation has been shaped greatly by man. It was once highly forested, but repeated brush burning and cattle trampling have changed the terrain. In the south, this is
1189:
2297:
604:, which they renamed Ngaoundéré, after a nearby hill. Many Mbum converted to Islam and remained, though many others migrated north. The town became the seat of the lamidat of
399:
peoples. These were mostly displaced or absorbed by invading Sudanese groups in the 8th or 9th century. These included the Mbum (Mboum), Ndoro (Dourou), Kutin, (Koutine),
1390:
The Fulbe make up an estimated 60% of the Adamawa's population. They are further subdivided into two subgroups: the sedentary, or town, Fulbe and the pastoral Fulbe, or
359:
This mountainous area forms the barrier between Cameroon's forested south and savanna north. At almost 64,000 km in land area, the Adamawa is the third largest of
709:
from Cameroon and join French Chad unless the resolutions were recalled. The events eventually led to Mbida's expulsion from the prime ministry and his replacement by
2003:
Most of the Adamawa's towns have some form of health provider, if only a small clinic. The capital also has a hospital. The region's major health concern is lack of
1288:
show little signs of change. Because the savanna has been pushing south, however, there is now a substantial amount of immigration to the Centre and East Provinces.
702:
686:, the region's third occupying force in less than a century. The new governors placed the region in the Mora-Garoua administrative area with its capital at Garoua.
304:
1502:
543:
296:
1476:
842:
1115:
167:
1487:
745:
1501:
A third climate type characterises the Adamawa's southwest corner (most of the Mayo-Banyo division). This region experiences an equatorial climate of the
2519:
893:
794:
1298:
The Mayo-Banyo division in the southwest has a slightly higher population density than the rest of the province, largely due to the highly concentrated
2290:
908:
The Adamawa is sometimes dubbed the "water tower" of Cameroon, since a large number of the country's rivers rise in the area. All of these fall into a
897:
641:
530:
communities to spring up in many areas. These early Fulbe converted to Islam sometime in the 17th century, beginning with the settled, or town, Fulbe.
970:
for Cameroon. Finally, the Lom rises about 60 km east of Meiganga before flowing south into the East Province. The Djérem eventually becomes the
1384:
1154:
1133:
909:
790:
1943:
government permits these rulers to hold their own courts and to keep their own jails, something human rights groups have pointed to as problematic.
913:
1357:
1138:
932:
396:
670:
of the area's non-Muslim inhabitants, as this would place them under the rule of the lamidos, who were already submissive to the German governor.
1142:
2062:
1742:
1754:
1015:
994:
605:
2283:
2190:
1558:
1554:
1311:
1003:
768:
signed decrees abolishing "Provinces" and replacing them with "Regions". Hence, all of the country's ten provinces are now known as Regions.
730:
1682:
1365:
990:
658:
400:
1762:
1340:
881:
865:
616:
in exchange for slaves for sale in the Muslim empires to the north. A smaller number of slaves went south for the trans-Atlantic market.
558:
1783:
562:
1331:
Language provides the most convenient means of categorising the Adamawa's ethnic groups. The greatest number of peoples speak various
601:
1674:
1581:
513:. Other groups who came were the Gbaya, from the present CAR, and the Vute, from the Lake Chad region. The Vute were region's first
1569:
494:
439:
2107:
916:
in the area of the Mbakaou Reservoir. The province's rivers fall into three different basins: those that ultimately flow into the
1577:
1303:
408:
1364:, and their third grouping on the Meng River. The Kali at the province's northeast, along the North Province border centred at
1406:, and Ngaoundéré, the capital. Over years of intermixing with native populations, they have come to physically resemble their
1335:. These Bantoid peoples primarily occupy the province's western third, in the Faro and Deo and the Mayo-Banyo divisions. The
107:
1774:
available seats, however, including those in the dining car. Due to the overcrowded conditions, thieves are another hazard.
737:, North, and Adamawa Provinces as they exist today. He also absorbed the University of Ngaoundéré into the national system.
1987:
level. In addition, Cameroonian teachers who are assigned to the province often refuse to go on account of its remoteness.
1857:
79:
1039:
947:
and then flows northeast toward the border with the North Province and the Central Africa Republic. The headwaters of the
900:
instead, and many of the province's mountains, including the Gotes and Mambilas, contain mixtures of several soil types.
951:
flow just north of Ngaoundéré before the river enters the North Province. These two rivers eventually merge to form the
1343:, called Suga by the Mbum, in the northern third of Mayo-Banyo division and along the west bank of the Meng River. The
1421:. Due to their historical hegemony of the territory, it also serves as a lingua franca. Other major languages include
86:
2183:
1498:
beginning in January, reaching a high in April. Torrential rains in May and June bring temperatures down once again.
1291:
Ngaoundéré is one of Cameroon's fastest growing cities due to its location at the terminus of Cameroon's north–south
892:. The soil of the Lom valley is a lightly evolved composition of raw materials, as is that directly northwest of the
126:
521:
territory until modern times. However, one event had drastic consequences for the region: the arrival of the Fulbe.
17:
153:
60:
701:
became the first premier of Cameroon. Mbida quickly alienated the Muslim north, however, when he introduced his
645:
other part became part of British Nigeria. As far as Europe was concerned, the Adama emirate no longer existed.
93:
600:
Fighting against native peoples continued for many years. Around 1830, the Fulbe conquered the Mbum village of
64:
2144:
Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol. 1: From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century.
1813:
1557:, large and meaty animals with dark-brown hides and white spots. The nomadic Fulbe, on the other hand, herd
781:
2514:
2176:
75:
1526:
portion of one's net worth. Nevertheless, many Fulbe herders transport their cattle to the big markets of
2250:
2240:
2225:
734:
337:
597:) was divided into districts under governors; the Adamawa Plateau fell into the Ngaoundéré subdivision.
2230:
1705:, most located in the capital. Much of this is tied to the region's cattle-based economy. For example,
1332:
1118:
in abrupt cliffs and active volcanoes (though this transitional zone is mostly in the North Province).
1027:
1572:
have established a handful of modern cattle ranches, as well. The major ones are near the villages of
635:
explorers were the first Europeans to enter Adamawa territory when they came in 1822. The German Dr.
1098:
Powerful geothermal forces have shaped the Adamawa. The province begins to the south as part of the
2215:
1339:
are the northernmost, living on the Nigerian border on the upper Mayo Deo. To their south lie the
447:
349:
329:
31:
1782:
in the West Province and continues on to Banyo, Tibati, and MeĂŻganga. National Road 15 comes from
1505:. Rainfall is within 1,500 to 2,000 mm with a long dry period followed by a long wet period.
1394:. The sedentary Fulbe are more numerous and inhabit most of the province's major towns, including
2509:
2245:
2235:
1628:
1051:
753:
353:
284:
53:
2255:
2220:
1454:
has made many inroads, though Christians are in a distinct minority. Many of the tribes retain
1099:
749:
341:
333:
2007:. This is especially pronounced in the increasingly urbanised Ngaoundéré. Another concern is
1539:
482:
217:
2345:
2265:
100:
2306:
1561:. These are leaner, lighter-coloured beasts that are better able to travel long distances.
1415:
982:
741:
363:. The land is rugged and sparsely populated, however, as most is devoted to the rearing of
698:
454:
also introduced Islam to the region between 1349 and 1385 by way of the Islamic centre at
8:
2199:
1984:
1836:
efforts to encourage the region's nomads to settle, but so far has made little progress.
967:
654:
360:
1930:), or senior divisional officer, governs each of these. The president also appoints the
2275:
1472:
1111:
1103:
2448:
2108:"Cameroon: Location of Refugees and Main Entry Points (as of 02 May 2014) - Cameroon"
1908:
1702:
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1483:
1434:
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838:
834:
810:
636:
590:
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Cameroon's greater north is able to oppose policies more favourable to the south.
2477:
2471:
2456:
2400:
1912:
1894:
1648:
1430:
1422:
1395:
1323:
1281:
1121:
1107:
854:
594:
566:
535:
442:(a name which denoted the present province as well as territories in present-day
317:
210:
2044:
725:
The northern Muslims largely viewed the arrival of Cameroon's second president,
612:
Islam, face enslavement, or flee. Fulbe merchants accepted salt and horses from
2083:
2023:
The Adamawa maintains a lively traditional culture. One notable example is the
1706:
1592:. Government initiatives have also been instrumental in the eradication of the
1438:
1125:
925:
896:
and directly west of the Faro River. The extreme northwest of the province has
710:
416:
2354:
1881:
1619:, however, are much less common due to the prevalence of Islam in the region.
226:
2503:
2461:
2423:
1758:
1722:
1418:
1369:
846:
632:
514:
498:
420:
404:
182:
169:
2405:
2367:
1546:
paths are in the western third of the province and at the border with Chad.
1947:
1543:
1451:
1426:
1391:
1090:
971:
952:
667:
613:
586:
578:
547:
478:
431:
379:
1995:
1958:) who govern a specific portion of a village or town. The quarter chiefs (
462:. However, no more than a few rulers, nobles or merchants ever converted.
1726:
917:
679:
574:
573:. At Adama's death in 1847, Fulbe horsemen controlled territory from the
506:
502:
455:
451:
412:
371:
1801:. Tignère, Banyo, Ngaoundal, Tibati, and the Mbakaou Reservoir all have
722:
construction beginning in 1961 and reaching Ngaoundéré ten years later.
550:, lamido of Fumbina, and Adama quickly raised an army in the territory.
2415:
2387:
2004:
1976:
1899:
1890:
1690:
1644:
1593:
1079:
959:
948:
940:
830:
486:
470:
234:
230:
2372:
2168:
1885:
1685:, near Ngaoundéré. The southwestern Mayo-Banyo division also has some
1643:
are also important. Other crops, grown in smaller quantities, include
1588:
new breeds of cattle by mixing native Fulbe animals with the American
1527:
1403:
1361:
1276:
789:
The Adamawa is one of Cameroon's more geologically diverse areas. The
697:
In 1956, France made all of its West African colonies self-governing.
2330:
2112:
1750:
1689:
plots. Other interests have established groundnut, millet, and wheat
1670:
1615:
than any other province, as these can live even in the larger towns.
1495:
1373:
1165:
1161:
1084:
978:
963:
921:
889:
873:
765:
726:
706:
2322:
1872:
1848:
1518:
The Adamawa's economy is based almost entirely on one single thing:
1462:", beliefs, particularly in the mountains near the Nigerian border.
864:, the result of the annual shift between dry and wet conditions and
857:, the provincial capital, along the border with the North Province.
222:
42:
2483:
2433:
2314:
1931:
1903:
1802:
1459:
1292:
944:
861:
474:
434:
of Lake Chad had relations with these tribes. They called the area
325:
1946:
Most other tribes in the region are nominally under the rule of a
2428:
2377:
1919:
1779:
1746:
1730:
1718:
1640:
1589:
1491:
1455:
1299:
1184:
The Adamawa has two national reserves. The first of these is the
986:
885:
877:
806:
802:
798:
729:, suspiciously. This was largely due to an Ahidjo partisan named
621:
490:
459:
443:
435:
345:
748:
arrived in Cameroon via the border towns of the Adamawa Region,
653:
The Fulbe fiercely opposed German hegemony. The German governor
2488:
2466:
2438:
2395:
2335:
2024:
1876:
1823:
1798:
1794:
1738:
1714:
1686:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1632:
1604:
1531:
1519:
1399:
1173:
826:
822:
818:
759:
691:
683:
582:
570:
364:
553:
Adama's forces proved all but unstoppable. He conquered major
308:
Mountainous area near Tignère locality, Faro-et-Déo department
1678:
1636:
1612:
1600:
1535:
1407:
1336:
850:
539:
375:
368:
1709:
is an important industry in Ngaoundéré, as evidenced by the
1663:
long, crops must be preserved, so most are transformed into
2012:
1817:
Running water from the Vina waterfall located in Ngaoundere
1608:
1573:
1550:
1344:
1307:
1169:
869:
814:
554:
510:
466:
1725:
are also processed in the capital. Handicrafts, including
465:
Many more tribes entered the territory from the region of
2008:
1734:
1616:
1377:
2305:
989:
filling with water. Among the most well known are Lakes
469:
between the 14th and 17th centuries. These included the
2133:
Cameroon: Administrative Division population statistics
1830:
1786:
in the Centre Province to Tibati and on to Ngaoundéré.
1348:
territories extending into the neighbouring provinces.
1145:, in the Gotels, is the highest peak at 2,460 m.
1937:
1793:
services Ngaoundéré with flights to Yaoundé, Douala,
1380:, who have larger territories in the North Province.
841:, and a zone of metamorphic rock surrounds this. The
2084:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1745:
and the Nigerian border and southwest of Banyo, and
1482:
The climate of the Adamawa Plateau is classified as
1327:
Territories of ethnic groups of the Adamawa Province
1192:
extends into the territory from the North Province.
833:. East of this, granites once again prevail, though
764:
In 2008, the President of the Republic of Cameroon,
1667:, which is pounded by hand with mortar and pestle.
1553:breed. Near Ngaoundéré and Banyo, these are called
974:, and these other rivers ultimately empty into it.
382:, and other peoples are present in lesser numbers.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1627:Nearly all farming in the province is done at the
1372:(Mboum) are the last group, occupying the town of
1124:also cut across the area, the major one being the
860:Soils are mostly made up of brown or brownish-red
1102:. The land rises gently but unevenly until about
2501:
1711:Société des Tanneries et Peausseries du Cameroun
682:eventually gave control of the territory to the
1441:. Most educated inhabitants also speak French.
1045:Logone River located between Cameroon and Chad
395:The Adamawa's oldest populations were various
2291:
2184:
2151:Modern Geography of the Republic of Cameroon,
1966:) hold sway over a particular neighbourhood.
1414:The Fulbe speak a Cameroonian dialect of the
1376:and its environs. East of Ngaoundéré are the
1214:
390:
374:(Fulani) form the major ethnic group, though
2076:
2045:"Cameroun • Fiche pays • PopulationData.net"
1960:
1952:
1924:
1862:
1549:Most of these animals are of the humpbacked
845:also rises in a region of metamorphic rock.
760:2008 presidential decree abolishes provinces
1673:play a small role in the region's economy.
2520:States and territories established in 1983
2298:
2284:
2191:
2177:
985:in the province, the results of collapsed
740:In the first months of 2014, thousands of
2146:Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd, 1989.
849:occurs in the northwest just east of the
829:, a combination that dominates until the
538:responded to this sentiment and called a
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1994:
1847:
1812:
1322:
1275:
1148:
1089:
1078:
785:On the road between Ngaoundéré and Bélel
780:
746:violence in the Central African Republic
673:
648:
303:
2198:
1168:until about 1800 m altitude, when
943:. The Mbéré rises north of the town of
266:63,701 km (24,595 sq mi)
14:
2502:
1271:
825:. These are often covered in volcanic
2279:
2172:
1160:What few trees dot the landscape are
713:, a Muslim from the country's north.
1831:Administration and social conditions
1607:. In addition, the Adamawa has more
1599:Many ranchers and Bororo also raise
716:
627:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1934:, whose offices are in Ngaoundéré.
1566:Institut de RĂ©cherche Zootechniques
678:Germany's 1916 defeat in Africa in
158:Location of Adamawa within Cameroon
24:
1938:Traditional political organisation
1209:
25:
2531:
2164:
2153:3rd ed. Bamenda: Neba Publishers.
1534:for sale (some make it as far as
1306:of the Mambila Mountains and the
501:came as well, examples being the
324:) is a constituent region of the
2344:
2264:
2018:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1033:Vina River located in Ngaoundéré
1026:
1014:
1002:
888:to form near the surface due to
593:. Adama's emirate (known as the
152:
41:
2158:History of Cameroon Since 1800.
1195:
1186:Parc National du Mbam et Djérem
1009:Lake Mbalang near to Ngaoundere
524:
52:needs additional citations for
2126:
2100:
2051:
2037:
1999:Ngaoundéré protestant hospital
1622:
1190:Parc National de Boumba Ndjida
876:content is high, which causes
13:
1:
2030:
1843:
981:has also created a number of
542:. Usman named his lieutenant
1969:
1856:Adamawa is composed of five
1768:
1513:
939:Two major rivers lie in the
771:
657:sent soldiers under Captain
7:
2156:Ngoh, Victor Julius (1996)
1918:A presidentially appointed
1884:, with its headquarters in
1696:
1444:
903:
853:Mountains and northeast of
735:Far North Region (Cameroon)
352:(CAR) to the east, and the
10:
2536:
2149:Neba, Aaron, Ph.D. (1999)
1808:
1508:
1465:
1333:Southern Bantoid languages
565:in 1835, which he renamed
391:Early population movements
385:
344:regions to the southwest,
336:regions to the south, the
29:
2447:
2414:
2386:
2353:
2342:
2321:
2262:
2206:
1990:
1701:The Adamawa has a bit of
1318:
1264:
1227:—
1114:before descending to the
1074:
589:to the south to form the
581:to the east and from the
283:
275:
270:
262:
257:
249:
244:
216:
206:
198:
163:
151:
144:
1635:is the mainstay, though
1351:Those peoples who speak
1021:Lake Tizon at Ngaoundere
837:forms the valley of the
801:are largely composed of
448:Central African Republic
350:Central African Republic
32:Adamawa (disambiguation)
1733:, form another sector.
1083:Hills and savanna near
776:
703:Abong-Mbang Resolutions
253:Kildadi Taguieke Boukar
2160:Limbé: Presbook, 1996.
2000:
1961:
1953:
1925:
1893:, with its capital in
1875:, with its capital at
1863:
1853:
1852:Departments of Adamawa
1818:
1584:. Here, ranchers have
1328:
1284:
1100:South Cameroon Plateau
1095:
1087:
786:
361:Cameroon's ten regions
321:
309:
2088:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1998:
1851:
1816:
1658:The Gbaya, Mbum, and
1326:
1279:
1201:Historical population
1149:Plant and animal life
1093:
1082:
805:, which gives way to
784:
674:French administration
649:German administration
585:to the north and the
307:
250: • Governor
1416:Senegambian language
1094:Hill road in Adamawa
993:(Tyson, Tisson) and
577:to the west and the
544:Modima Adam Al-Hasan
473:tribes, such as the
326:Republic of Cameroon
322:RĂ©gion de l'Adamaoua
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2515:Regions of Cameroon
2200:Regions of Cameroon
2142:Fanso, V.G. (1989)
1564:The government-run
1272:Settlement patterns
1202:
968:hydroelectric power
797:at the border with
766:President Paul Biya
655:Jesko von Puttkamer
179: /
2001:
1854:
1819:
1681:on 100 km at
1473:equatorial climate
1383:As speakers of an
1329:
1285:
1200:
1128:, dating from the
1106:. Here begins the
1104:6 degrees latitude
1096:
1088:
977:A long history of
868:on the mountains.
787:
432:Kanem-Bornu Empire
310:
276: • Total
263: • Total
27:Region of Cameroon
2497:
2496:
2273:
2272:
1962:chefs de quartier
1693:in recent years.
1353:Adamawa languages
1269:
1268:
1130:Cretaceous Period
997:near Ngaoundéré.
894:Mbakaou Reservoir
795:Mambila Mountains
717:Post-independence
699:André-Marie Mbida
628:European contacts
348:to the west, the
328:. It borders the
302:
301:
139:Place in Cameroon
137:
136:
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111:
16:(Redirected from
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2061:. Archived from
2055:
2049:
2048:
2041:
1964:
1956:
1928:
1911:, governed from
1866:
1791:regional airport
1713:(STPC) factory.
1216:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1179:woodland savanna
1116:Benué Depression
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
898:ferruginous soil
835:sedimentary rock
811:metamorphic rock
642:Eduard E. Flegel
637:Gustav Nachtigal
591:Sokoto Caliphate
419:(Moundang), and
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183:7.333°N 13.500°E
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76:"Adamawa Region"
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18:Adamawa Province
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1596:in the region.
1516:
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1385:Ubangi language
1321:
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1134:Mbang Mountains
1112:8 degrees north
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164:Coordinates:
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50:This article
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2117:. Retrieved
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2091:. Retrieved
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2067:. Retrieved
2063:the original
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1755:Minim-Martap
1700:
1669:
1657:
1626:
1598:
1563:
1548:
1544:transhumance
1524:
1517:
1500:
1481:
1469:
1452:Christianity
1448:
1413:
1389:
1382:
1350:
1330:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1196:Demographics
1183:
1159:
1152:
1120:
1097:
1057:Sanaga River
983:crater lakes
976:
972:Sanaga River
957:
953:Logone River
938:
930:
907:
859:
788:
763:
754:North Region
744:fleeing the
739:
724:
720:
696:
688:
677:
668:Islamisation
664:
652:
631:
618:
614:North Africa
610:
606:Ardo Ndjobdi
599:
587:Sanaga River
552:
548:Modibo Adama
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528:
525:Fulbe jihads
519:
515:iron workers
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425:
423:(Toupouri).
394:
358:
354:North Region
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59:Please help
54:verification
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2355:Faro-et-DĂ©o
1882:Faro-et-DĂ©o
1858:departments
1727:woodworking
1691:plantations
1623:Agriculture
1559:Bororo zebu
1555:Fulani zebu
1477:Guinea type
918:Niger River
839:Mbéré River
807:crystalline
750:East Region
731:Moussa Yaya
680:World War I
575:Niger River
557:centres at
503:Beti-Pahuin
452:Kanem-Bornu
227:Faro-et-DĂ©o
186: /
2504:Categories
2478:Ngaoundéré
2472:Ngaoundéré
2406:Mayo-Darlé
2388:Mayo-Banyo
2368:Mayo-Baléo
2119:2014-06-08
2093:2018-09-13
2069:2017-11-13
2031:References
2005:sanitation
1977:illiteracy
1954:sous-chefs
1913:Ngaoundéré
1891:Mayo-Banyo
1844:Government
1743:Mayo Darlé
1671:Cash crops
1653:groundnuts
1629:sustenance
1594:tsetse fly
1568:(IZR) and
1488:Sudan type
1282:Ngaoundéré
1069:Mbam River
949:Vina River
941:Chad basin
855:Ngaoundéré
831:Faro River
659:Von Kamptz
471:Semi-Bantu
401:Laka-Mbere
279:3,928,248
271:Population
245:Government
231:Mayo-Banyo
211:Ngaoundéré
87:newspapers
2331:Ngaoundal
2251:Southwest
2241:Northwest
2226:Far North
2113:ReliefWeb
1985:secondary
1970:Education
1803:airstrips
1769:Transport
1751:Ngaoundal
1514:Livestock
1496:Harmattan
1492:tornadoes
1374:Ngaoundal
1360:south of
1341:Nyem-Nyem
1280:Downtown
1257:1,200,095
1166:deciduous
1162:evergreen
1085:Ngaoundal
987:volcanoes
979:volcanism
922:Lake Chad
890:oxidation
886:cuirasses
882:duracrust
874:aluminium
866:soil wash
862:laterites
843:Lom River
772:Geography
727:Paul Biya
559:Mbamnyang
489:, Tikar,
338:Northwest
297:8th of 10
218:Divisions
117:July 2024
2484:Nyambaka
2434:Meiganga
2315:Cameroon
2307:Communes
2231:Littoral
2059:"- CRTV"
1932:governor
1904:Meiganga
1729:and mat
1703:industry
1697:Industry
1683:Wassandé
1645:cocoyams
1484:tropical
1445:Religion
1419:Fulfulde
1408:Sudanese
1293:railroad
945:Meiganga
904:Drainage
878:hardpans
813:such as
742:refugees
475:Bamileke
446:and the
202:Cameroon
2480:(rural)
2474:(urban)
2429:Djohong
2378:Kontcha
2373:Tignère
2211:Adamawa
1920:prefect
1886:Tignère
1824:lamidos
1809:Tourism
1780:Foumban
1763:Doungué
1747:bauxite
1731:weaving
1719:perfume
1675:SODEBLE
1631:level.
1605:donkeys
1590:Brahmin
1582:Ndokayo
1528:Yaoundé
1509:Economy
1486:of the
1475:of the
1466:Climate
1456:animist
1435:Mambila
1404:Tignère
1362:Tignère
1300:Mambila
1265:source:
1246:884,289
1235:495,185
1224:359,334
1215:±% p.a.
1174:bamboos
995:Mbalang
936:join).
819:schists
803:granite
799:Nigeria
633:British
622:Germans
491:Widikum
460:Nigeria
450:). The
444:Nigeria
436:Fumbina
417:Mundang
386:History
346:Nigeria
207:Capital
199:Country
174:13°30′E
146:Adamawa
101:scholar
2489:Martap
2467:Nganha
2439:Ngaoui
2396:Bankim
2336:Tibati
2323:Djérem
2216:Centre
2025:Menang
1991:Health
1979:rate.
1926:prefet
1877:Tibati
1873:Djérem
1799:Maroua
1797:, and
1795:Garoua
1784:Sangbé
1721:, and
1715:Rubber
1687:coffee
1677:grows
1660:Dourou
1651:, and
1641:manioc
1639:, and
1633:Millet
1601:horses
1570:SODEPA
1532:Douala
1520:cattle
1458:, or "
1437:, and
1423:Bitare
1400:Tibati
1392:Bororo
1368:. The
1319:People
1260:+3.10%
1249:+3.27%
1238:+2.96%
1132:. The
1122:Faults
1075:Relief
914:Djérem
827:basalt
823:gneiss
821:, and
752:, and
707:secede
692:sultan
684:French
583:Sahara
579:Logone
571:Tibati
563:Tibaré
497:. The
495:Wimbam
493:, and
440:Mabina
421:Tupuri
405:Chamba
369:Muslim
367:. The
365:cattle
330:Centre
318:French
287:(2017)
223:Djérem
171:7°20′N
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2416:Mbéré
2401:Banyo
2246:South
2236:North
1948:chief
1900:Mbéré
1895:Banyo
1741:near
1739:mined
1679:wheat
1665:grain
1637:maize
1613:sheep
1609:goats
1578:Wakwo
1540:Congo
1536:Gabon
1460:pagan
1439:Tikar
1431:Gbaya
1396:Banyo
1366:Bélél
1337:Ndoro
1304:Konja
1170:ferns
991:Tison
920:, to
884:, or
851:Gotel
791:Gotel
602:Delbé
567:Banyo
546:, or
540:jihad
499:Bantu
479:Bamun
409:Doayo
380:Gbaya
376:Tikar
372:Fulbe
290:0.504
235:Mbéré
108:JSTOR
94:books
2449:Vina
2256:West
2221:East
2013:AIDS
2011:and
1909:Vina
1753:and
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1617:Pigs
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509:and
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