150:'s first Christian converts who are of nobility; The list reoccurs in the Acts of Sharbel and the Martyrdom of Barsamya. The names can be found in former pagan regions of Edessa dating back to the fourth and third century AD and are rarely mentioned in Syriac sources from the fifth century AD and after. Sebastian Brock states that the names were probably genuine ancestral names of those who authored all three texts, however, he doubts their conversion to Christianity. Further, he states the names mentioned in the Martyrdom of Barsamya and the Acts of Sharbel imitated literary writing styles from that of the Martyrdom of Habib and the Acts of Shmona and Gurya. With such a connection, Brock concludes the authors of the Acts of Sharbel and the Martyrdom of Barsamya were incorporating the ideal that their pagan ancestors had converted to Christianity, or they had a martyr prior to Shmona, Gurya, and Habib.
597:
Brock, Sebastian (April 1968). "Reviewed Work(s): Untersuchungen zur syrischen
Literaturgeschichte I: Zur Märtyrerüberlieferung aus der Christenverfolgung Schapurs II. (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologisch-historische Klasse, Dritte Folge, Nr. 67.) by Gernot
947:
The Syriac-Armenian version is given here in German translation only. The Syriac texts, including the "Thauma" (i.e. the story of the miracle performed by the three martyrs for the benefit of
Euphemia, known to V. DobschĂĽtz in its Greek version only) were published together with an English
93:, the two martyrs dwelling in Edessa were compelled to worship the sun, but they refused to do so. An extensive discussion had occurred between the martyrs and the Eddessian governor Mysianus on why the two martyrs refused to worship the sun. They were killed after that.
158:
The historicity of the text is considered reliable. Shmona and Gurya were reported to be buried at a place called "Beth Alah Qiqla". Relics of the two martyrs were found in Edessa, and
948:
translation by F.C. Burkitt under title: Euphemia and the Goth; with the Acts of martyrdom of the confessors of Edessa. . Pub. for the Text and translation society, London, 1913.
166:. The names of the two martyrs are also written on a Syriac calendar manuscript from 411 AD which lists names of martyrs from Edessa, and their names are written in the
242:, p. 486; The descriptive account of the cities condition in the text reflect key elements of what life was like in the city during the Diocletianic Persecution.
115:
are fairly historically reliable and record a martyrdom which took place around 297 AD. One scholar suggests that it was written in 309 or 310 AD. This makes the
191:
230:, p. 361; The refusal to worship the sun by the two martyrs evidently helps prove a sun-cult tradition had long existed in Edessa.
1023:
1008:
875:
85:
The introduction of the text begins with mentioning names of current figures at the time in which the martyrdom began such as
1043:
917:
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844:
802:
760:
701:
659:
638:
587:
567:
544:
1013:
1038:
823:
781:
722:
680:
139:
considers the
Doctrine of Addai, the Acts of Sharbel, the Martyrdom of Barsamya came from the same group of authors.
111:
are claimed to be authored by a
Theophilus who also claims to have witness their martyrdoms. Scholars agree that the
773:
After
Bardaisan: Studies on Continuity and Change in Syriac Christianity in Honour of Professor Han J.W. Drijvers
1018:
627:
Bury, J.B.; Cook, S.A.; Adcock, F.E.; Charlesworth, M.P.; Edwards, I.E.S.; Boardman, J.; Walbank, F.W. (1970).
108:
1003:
985:
1033:
90:
66:
42:
53:
The martyrdom account of Shmona and Gurya was first only known in an abridged version written by
934:
891:. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. E.J. Brill. p. 156.
167:
977:
907:
577:
555:
963:
Untersuchungen zu einer Gruppe syrischer Märtyrerakten aus der
Christenverfolgung Schapurs II
691:
102:
54:
651:
Patrology: The
Eastern Fathers from the Council of Chalcedon (451) to John of Damascus (750)
714:
The
Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East: In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods
8:
928:
24:
615:
530:
147:
938:
913:
909:
The
Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography: Volume I: Periods and Places
892:
840:
819:
798:
777:
756:
718:
697:
676:
655:
634:
583:
563:
540:
159:
143:
123:. It became a model for later, less historically reliable martyr stories such as the
27:
607:
131:
62:
979:
Martyrdom Of The Holy
Confessors Shamuna, Guria And Habib From Simeon Metaphrases.
1028:
886:
855:
834:
813:
792:
771:
750:
736:
712:
670:
649:
628:
534:
211:
136:
125:
58:
732:
997:
877:
Euphemia and the Goth, with the Acts of Martyrdom of the Confessors of Edessa
746:
120:
35:
611:
71:
Euphemia and the Goth with the Acts of Martyrdom of the Confessors of Edessa
988:: Translations Of The Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325, Volume VIII
942:
206:, p. 256; Though not mentioned in the text, the sun can be alluded to
420:
619:
86:
38:
483:
398:
396:
74:
393:
930:
Die Akten der edessenischen bekenner Gurjas, Samonas und Abibos;
31:
437:
435:
359:
357:
355:
353:
630:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The late Empire, A.D. 337–425
794:
Missionary Stories and the Formation of the Syriac Churches
507:
471:
432:
408:
350:
328:
326:
313:
311:
207:
57:, then the Acts of Shmona and of Gurya was discovered on a
626:
426:
926:
495:
323:
308:
283:
281:
279:
266:
264:
262:
260:
258:
135:, which are widely regarded to be entirely fictitious.
447:
338:
96:
89:, Aba, Bishop Qona, and Abgar son of Zora During the
579:
Doctrinal Diversity: Varieties of Early Christianity
276:
255:
647:
459:
402:
369:
927:von Gebhardt, Oscar; von DobschĂĽtz, Ernst (1911).
298:
296:
562:. Wayne State University Press. p. 212-234.
381:
995:
857:Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature
293:
690:Heal, Kristian S.; Kitchen, Robert A. (2013).
790:
477:
61:manuscript. The manuscript was translated to
791:Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon (2015).
529:
513:
489:
441:
363:
954:Un Martyrologe et douze MĂ©nologes syriaques
912:. Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 266.
905:
689:
317:
982:English translation by B. P. Pratten from
832:
332:
153:
186:On the pronunciation of these names, see
880:. London / Oxford: Williams and Norgate.
696:. Catholic University of America Press.
668:
575:
223:
960:
873:
836:Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice
769:
606:(1). Oxford University Press: 300–309.
344:
187:
996:
745:
731:
710:
648:Di Berardino, A.; Walford, A. (2008).
558:. In Attridge, H.W.; Hata, G. (eds.).
287:
270:
239:
227:
203:
811:
752:The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337
596:
553:
501:
465:
453:
414:
387:
375:
107:The Acts of Shmona and Gurya and the
80:
853:
302:
951:
738:Studies in the History of Religions
560:Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism
536:Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism
13:
866:
797:. University of California Press.
556:"Eusebius and Syriac Christianity"
97:Connection with other Syriac texts
14:
1055:
971:
956:(in French). Paris: Firmin-Didot.
30:text. The setting takes place at
1024:History of Christianity in Syria
582:. Garland Pub. p. 258-280.
539:. Wayne State University Press.
576:Ferguson, Everett, ed. (1999).
403:Di Berardino & Walford 2008
233:
48:
16:Syriac Christian martyrdom text
839:. Princeton University Press.
654:. James Clarke & Company.
600:Journal of Theological Studies
217:
197:
180:
142:There is a list unique to the
1:
1009:3rd-century Christian martyrs
860:. Delmarva Publications, Inc.
1044:Works set in the 4th century
933:(in German). J.C. Hinrichs.
833:Valantasis, Richard (2000).
755:. Harvard University Press.
249:
162:mentions the martyrs in his
7:
1014:4th-century Christian texts
888:Cults and beliefs at Edessa
672:Cults and Beliefs at Edessa
669:Drijvers, H. J. W. (1980).
113:Acts of Shmona and of Gurya
21:Acts of Shmona and of Gurya
10:
1060:
906:Efthymiadis, P.S. (2013).
522:
226:, pp. 156 & 157,
100:
885:Drijvers, H.J.W. (1980).
815:Edessa 'the blessed city'
554:Brock, Sebastian (1992).
492:, pp. 223 & 224.
1039:Diocletianic Persecution
514:Attridge & Hata 1992
490:Attridge & Hata 1992
442:Attridge & Hata 1992
364:Attridge & Hata 1992
173:
119:one of the first Syriac
91:Diocletianic Persecution
67:Francis Crawford Burkitt
770:Reinink, G. J. (1999).
318:Heal & Kitchen 2013
154:Evidence of the martyrs
952:Nau, François (1912).
874:Burkitt, F.C. (1913).
776:. Peeters Publishers.
533:; Hata, GĹŤhei (1992).
417:, pp. 83–84, 184.
168:Menologion of Basil II
1019:Christian hagiography
612:10.1093/jts/XIX.1.300
103:Euphemia and the Goth
55:Symeon the Metaphrast
961:WieĂźner, G. (1967).
854:Wace, Henry (1911).
812:Segal, J.B. (1970).
711:Kaizer, Ted (2008).
633:. University Press.
1004:Syriac Christianity
986:Ante-Nicene Fathers
818:. Clarendon Press.
531:Attridge, Harold W.
990:. (New York, 1871)
504:, p. 224/270.
478:Saint-Laurent 2015
109:Martyrdom of Habib
81:Narrative overview
919:978-1-4094-8268-0
898:978-90-04-06050-0
846:978-0-691-05751-4
804:978-0-520-28496-8
762:978-0-674-77886-3
703:978-0-8132-2166-3
693:Breaking the Mind
661:978-0-227-17265-0
640:978-0-521-30200-5
589:978-0-8153-3071-4
569:978-0-8143-2361-8
546:978-0-8143-2361-8
210:or equivalent to
160:Ephrem the Syrian
144:Doctrine of Addai
43:Great Persecution
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965:(in German).
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49:Publications
20:
18:
598:Wiessner".
288:Kaizer 2008
271:Millar 1993
240:Millar 1993
228:Layton 1972
204:Kaizer 2008
998:Categories
502:Brock 1992
466:Segal 1970
454:Brock 1968
415:Segal 1970
388:Brock 1992
376:Segal 1970
190:, p.
101:See also:
87:Diocletian
39:Diocletian
717:. BRILL.
675:. BRILL.
303:Wace 1911
250:Citations
77:, 1913).
75:Amsterdam
28:martyrdom
749:(1993).
741:. BRILL.
735:(1972).
620:23959602
129:and the
943:2044808
523:Sources
69:in his
63:English
34:during
1029:Edessa
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59:Syriac
32:Edessa
616:JSTOR
174:Notes
148:Addai
23:is a
984:The
939:OCLC
914:ISBN
893:ISBN
841:ISBN
820:ISBN
799:ISBN
778:ISBN
757:ISBN
719:ISBN
698:ISBN
677:ISBN
656:ISBN
635:ISBN
584:ISBN
564:ISBN
541:ISBN
208:Zeus
117:Acts
19:The
608:doi
212:Bel
192:185
65:by
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