33:
497:
77:
52:
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existence of the species is said to be a male specimen observed by Keith Brown in 1981 at the roadside of a rainforest at 1,000 metres (3,280 ft) above sea level between Tapiraí and
Sorocaba in the south of the state. Therefore, considered extinct, the species was observed again on March 16, 1991 at the summit of the Serra do Mar 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the city of
864:
Silva-Brandão, Karina Lucas; Wahlberg, Niklas; Francini, Ronaldo Bastos; Azeredo-Espin, Ana Maria L.; Brown, Keith S.; Paluch, Márlon; Lees, David C.; Freitas, André V.L. (February 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of butterflies of the tribe
Acraeini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) and the
581:
The species is described again and is the subject of an article published by
Francini, Freitas and Brown in the Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society in 2005. The specimens are discovered in the municipality of Santo André (State of São Paulo) near the town of Paranapiacaba along a 2.5 kilometres
565:
While the species was described in 1951 on the basis of a small number of specimens discovered ten years earlier, field research carried out between 1985 and 1990 to identify new specimens in the typical habitat in April–May and
November–December turned out to be a failure. The only evidence of
415:
Males fly more than 2 metres (6.6 ft) above the ground along the road where they were observed, or even above the canopy in the forest. They attack any flying insect located less than a meter from them before rising very quickly or performing a long straight flight of more than 100 metres
979:
Gomes, Victor; Lourenço, Giselle M.; Soldati, Déborah; Iserhard, Cristiano A.; Souza, Thadeu S.; Kaminski, Lucas A.; Freitas, André V. L. (December 2014). "New
Geographical Records for the Threatened Butterfly Actinote quadra (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae)".
585:
More than 160 hours of observation were carried out until 2004 near
Paranapiacaba and specimens were collected for morphological studies then marked using a small circle of waterproof paper then released. This marking method has also been used successfully, notably on
463:. The seeking male follows a female, and after flying 2 to 5 metres (6.5 to 16.5 ft) in a line about 2 metres (6.6 ft) above ground they make a controlled spiralling flight to the ground, following which the male grasps the female's abdomen with his
363:
Males have a mean forewing length of 32.88 millimetres (1.294 in), smaller than females which measure 37.14 millimetres (1.462 in). The mean dry weight of males is 0.41 g, and for females the mean dry weight is 0.74 g. Adults from
378:
eggs are usually yellowish in color when they are first laid, and will change to a red hue after approximately 2 hours have passed. After 16–17 weeks have elapsed since the eggs have been laid, they develop weak horizontal rib markings.
386:
phase of development, it develops a smooth, brown head and is pale in color. Later during this phase, specimens take on a yellowish shape, and near the end of this developmental phase are blackish in color, including on the appendages.
582:(1.6 mi) southwest/northeast-oriented concrete block paved road that follows the mountain range between two telecommunications towers on the peaks of Serra do Mar at 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) above sea level.
610:
to the list of species threatened with extinction in Brazil. The species is declared critically endangered by the
Secretariat of the Environment in 1998 and the Ministry of the Environment of Brazil in 2003.
518:. The stem and trunk of most of the plants are covered with epiphytic mosses and ferns and sixteen species of the Asteraceae family recorded nearby could be, for some of them, the host plants of the
546:
412:
illuminates the tops of the forest trees. The butterfly begins by flapping its wings to warm them in the sun before flying away. Flight activity seems to decrease as soon as the sun is veiled.
735:
Rosa, Augusto H. B.; Ribeiro, D. B.; Freitas, André V. L. (June 2023). "How data curation and new geographical records can change the conservation status of threatened brazilian butterflies".
296:
185:
512:
The habitat in which the species was rediscovered in 1991 consists of the
Brazilian Atlantic forest. The plant environment is mainly made up of bamboos and species of the genus
575:
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321:, whose characteristics he defined in 1951 (d'Almeida, 1951) based on the specimens he collected and a male reported by Roberto Spitz from Alto da Serra de Santos.
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Freitas, A. V. L.; Francini, Ronaldo Bastos; Mielke, O. H. H.; Rosa, A. H. B.; Magaldi, L. M.; Silva-Brandão, K. L. (October 2020). "A New and Rare
549:. The species is also mentioned more anciently in the south of the State of Minas Gerais by its describer, Almeida and a male specimen of the genus
309:
797:(D'Almeida) (Nymphalidae, Helicontinae, Acraeini): Natural history, population biology and conservation of an endangered butterfly in SE Brazil".
1331:
336:. The dorsal and post-medial forewings both have faint yellow markings, and the hindwings have dirty orange markings. The butterfly has a wide
268:
1357:
830:
Francini, Ronaldo Bastos; Penz, Carla M. (2006). "An illustrated key to male
Actinote from Southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)".
1423:
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is male-dominated, with a sex ratio of 1.7 males for every female specimen being documented in
November 1993.
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in the low hills of the Serra do Itatiaia, but without certainty as to its belonging to the species.
1433:
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1036:
Willmott, Keith; Hall, Jason; Frietas, Andre; Paluch, Marlon; Silva-Brandao, Karina (August 2014).
793:
Francini, Ronaldo Bastos; Freitas, André Victor; Brown Jr., Keith Spalding (2005). "Rediscovery of
416:(330 ft). The small males have been observed attacking other lepidopteran species as large as
464:
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varies and depends in particular on weather conditions. It begins at sunrise each morning, as the
391:
are a yellow-green hue after molting, and after several hours change to be more whitish in color.
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951:(Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), a critically endangered butterfly from southeastern Brazil"
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Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae: Acraeini) from Southeastern Brazil".
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is known only in Brazil. The only known distribution area concerns a region of the
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Hübner from the eastern Andes of Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae)"
945:
Francini, Ronaldo Bastos; Freitas, André Victor; Barbosa, Eduardo (January 2011).
431:
discovered during surveys carried out in the Serra do Mar, in particular climbing
418:
245:
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271:(IUCN) and is also classified as such on the national red list of Brazil by the
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and takes on a triangular shape. One of the characteristics that distinguishes
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As early as 1981 and given the rarity of the species, Brown proposed adding
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The host plant of the caterpillar would be one of the sixteen species of
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at an altitude of approximately 1,000 metres (3,280 ft), in the
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1152:"The 100 most endangered species on the planet – the list in full"
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with whitish circular ornamentation was observed in Penedo in the
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During observations on the species, it was observed that
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collected around ten specimens of a species of the genus
281:
published by the IUCN in September 2012, the other being
792:
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after 1981, the species was rediscovered in 1991 in the
944:
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on the ground, which may last more than 30 minutes.
356:
typically has, in contrast to the darker wings that
273:
Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation
1127:- The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database"
734:
332:has iridescent black and opaque wings, similar to
275:. It is one of two butterflies on the list of the
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307:in São Paulo and mistakenly attributed them to
1067:
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269:International Union for Conservation of Nature
368:are usually larger than other species of the
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340:, and the clasper grows smaller towards the
1409:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1062:
486:
667:"100 Most Endangered Species in the World"
50:
31:
16:Critically endangered species of butterfly
712:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
618:100 Most Endangered Species in the World
495:
278:100 Most Endangered Species in the World
537:, between the towns of Salesópolis and
1401:
1149:
982:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
799:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
570:during a routine visit carried out by
295:Between 1941 and 1942, the naturalist
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867:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
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631:List of critically endangered insects
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965:– via The Florida OJ Service.
260:, in the southeast of the country.
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1424:Lepidoptera articles by importance
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1184:"The 100 Most Endangered Species"
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352:are the lighter wing colors that
615:was included by the IUCN in the
382:When a specimen is in its early
75:
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1029:
844:10.1590/S1676-06032006000100013
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865:evolution of host plant use".
737:Journal of Insect Conservation
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324:
1:
1419:Critically endangered animals
955:Tropical Lepidoptera Research
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561:Disappearance and rediscovery
547:Estação Biológica de Boracéia
1150:Malein, Flora (2012-09-11).
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7:
887:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.024
624:
360:specimens usually exhibit.
297:Romualdo Ferreira d'Almeida
290:
10:
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1131:recentlyextinctspecies.com
1098:10.1007/s13744-020-00765-y
757:10.1007/s10841-023-00464-0
576:André Victor Lucci Freitas
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459:occurs without any known
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263:The species was declared
246:Brazilian Atlantic forest
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72:Scientific classification
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652:butterfliesofamerica.com
487:Habitat and distribution
303:at a forested area near
994:10.18473/lepi.v68i4.a10
572:Ronaldo Bastos Francini
555:State of Rio de Janeiro
543:Alto da Serra de Santos
1078:Neotropical Entomology
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265:Critically Endangered
244:. Its habitat is the
57:Critically Endangered
1017:ala-bie.sibbr.gov.br
947:"Immature stages of
545:, Paranapiacaba and
461:display of courtship
284:Parides burchellanus
1090:2020NeEnt..49..696F
879:2008MolPE..46..515S
749:2023JICon..27..403R
568:Santos in São Paulo
42:Conservation status
1038:"A new species of
535:state of São Paulo
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258:state of São Paulo
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1371:Open Tree of Life
1210:Taxon identifiers
589:Actinote pellenea
317:the new species,
227:belonging to the
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1319:iNaturalist
1242:Wikispecies
805:: 134–142.
325:Description
305:Salesópolis
233:Nymphalidae
145:Subfamily:
139:Nymphalidae
129:Lepidoptera
1403:Categories
1193:2024-08-30
1169:2024-08-29
1136:2024-08-29
1054:August 29,
1022:2024-08-29
1009:"Species:
961:August 30,
922:2024-08-29
718:2024-08-29
689:References
679:August 30,
657:August 29,
602:Protection
515:Tibouchina
469:copulation
467:, forcing
455:Mating in
441:, notably
428:Asteraceae
109:Arthropoda
1188:ANR Blogs
1164:0261-3077
909:"IRMNG -
613:A. zikani
608:A. zikani
481:A. zikani
475:Sex ratio
457:A. zikani
406:A. zikani
354:A. zikani
315:described
225:butterfly
186:d'Almeida
155:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1414:Acraeini
1345:LepIndex
1337:10888342
1269:BioLib:
1233:Q2823630
1227:Wikidata
1106:32468341
1074:Actinote
1040:Actinote
911:Actinote
895:18191590
674:IUCN.org
625:See also
621:report.
551:Actinote
370:Actinote
358:A. morio
301:Actinote
291:Taxonomy
236:that is
195:Synonyms
135:Family:
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1386:7658511
1311:1901170
1272:1148477
1086:Bibcode
1007:SiBBr.
957:: 20–26
875:Bibcode
745:Bibcode
541:around
522:larva.
504:across
492:Habitat
438:Mikania
395:Biology
372:genus.
338:clasper
267:by the
254:extinct
238:endemic
221:species
125:Order:
119:Insecta
115:Class:
60: (
1383:uBio:
1363:502000
1350:152045
1324:883379
1285:152068
1162:
1104:
893:
506:Brazil
465:valvae
451:Mating
433:lianas
384:instar
366:zikani
242:Brazil
229:family
188:, 1951
1376:48516
1332:IRMNG
1298:64PGM
1045:(PDF)
838:(1).
670:(PDF)
389:Pupae
348:from
219:is a
1358:NCBI
1306:GBIF
1280:BOLD
1160:ISSN
1102:PMID
1056:2024
963:2024
891:PMID
681:2024
659:2024
592:and
574:and
342:apex
1293:CoL
1257:ADW
1094:doi
990:doi
883:doi
840:doi
807:BHL
753:doi
410:sun
240:to
223:of
1405::
1373::
1360::
1347::
1334::
1321::
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1295::
1282::
1259::
1244::
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1129:.
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1100:.
1092:.
1082:49
1080:.
1064:^
1047:.
1015:.
986:68
984:.
971:^
953:.
931:^
915:.
889:.
881:.
871:46
869:.
852:^
834:.
818:^
803:59
801:.
765:^
751:.
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739:.
727:^
709:.
672:.
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842::
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64:)
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