176:
670:
894:
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873:, hence the name, and armed by the British. The strategic goal of the Caliphate army and of the British was to prevent the National Forces advancing towards the Bosporus straits. The Army of the Caliphate was defeated by the Kuva-yi Milliye. Although the Kuva-yi Milliye was regarded as the first step of resistance in the liberation of Turkey, irregular warfare was abandoned later. Before the Greek war began, Kuva-yi Milliye became the seed of an organized Turkish army, which then became the
934:
459:
35:
134:
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961:, who was its founder and namesake. His family had ruled since 1299 in an unbroken lineage throughout the empire's history. The Ottoman sultan maintained supreme authority over the Ottoman Empire's polity. The sultan was the empire's sole and absolute regent, head of state and head of government. The
980:
was determined that only the Ankara government would be represented at the conference. On 1 November 1922, the Grand
National Assembly declared that the Sultanate's Constantinople government was no longer the legal representative. The Grand National Assembly also resolved that Constantinople had not
1071:
There were members of the
Ottoman dynasty who were in Turkey after the declaration of the republic. An exile list was also created and put into effect by the Republic of Turkey on 23 April 1924 (revised on 1 June 1924) which included the names of 120 adherents of the deposed Ottoman dynasty.
987:
on 17 November. The remaining ministers in his government accepted the new political reality. There is no official document that declared the state capitulated by the
Ottoman Government or sultan; the system resolved by itself. The Conference of Lausanne, on 11 November 1922, recognized the
815:
on the night of 15 March 1920. On 18 March 1920 the
Ottoman parliament met and sent a protest to the Allies that it was unacceptable to arrest five of its members. That was the last meeting of the body and marked the end of the Ottoman political system. Sultan Mehmed VI dissolved the
981:
been the capital of the nation since its occupation by the Allies. Furthermore, they declared that the
Sultanate was to be abolished. The abolition of the sultanate ended the Ottoman Empire. After hearing of the resolution, Mehmed VI sought refuge aboard the British warship
1028:
took the title. The
Ottoman dynasty was left as a political-religious successor to Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim community without borders in a post Ottoman Empire. Abdülmecid II's title was challenged in 1916 by the leader of the
1049:
811:
and continued with multiple agreements, mostly unilateral among the Allies. British troops began to occupy the key buildings of the Empire and arrest nationalists after the
1061:
1064:. By 1922 most of the remaining inhabitants of Turkey were Muslims of either Turkish or Kurdish ethnicity. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared itself the
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17:
854:. The war was against the monarchist Istanbul government. Sultan Mehmed VI was the Caliph. The Istanbul government, without a parliament, formed the
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on 10 August 1920 finalized the partitioning of the Empire. At the time, in waves, approximately 150 politicians were
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of the
Ottoman Empire, had the purpose of eliminating the ruling elite of the Ottomans. Negotiations at Lausanne
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In March 1924, six months after the foundation, the vote came to assembly with the abolition of the caliphate.
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sovereignty of the Grand
National Assembly of Turkey replacing the Ottoman Empire. The last sultan,
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An Allied invitation was given to both the
Constantinople and Ankara governments to appear at the
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A list of 600 names to the
Conference of Lausanne was presented, and were to be declared
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858:, known as the "Army of the Caliphate", to fight against the Grand National Assembly's
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Conflicts occurred at Bolu, Düzce, Hendek, Adapazarı, along with the other
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by British, French and Italian forces occurred on 13 November 1918.
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War and Partition of Ottoman Empire, 1914–1922 – Oxford Scholarship
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Greek, Bulgarian and Serb subjects left the empire during the
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1215:. First World War.com (2009-08-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
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decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908)
1062:
defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922)
1016:
since the sixteenth century, starting with the reign of
843:, established the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1256:
1248:Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire
1124:
1020:. The head of the Ottoman family kept the title
850:The Grand National Assembly of Turkey waged the
992:, departed Constantinople on 17 November 1922.
752:) over Turkey was recognized. The last sultan,
1041:, but his kingdom was defeated and annexed by
867:revolts during the Turkish War of Independence
1024:, power over all Muslims, as Mehmed's cousin
1009:, and the treaty was signed on 24 July 1923.
694:
431:
1223:
1221:
1191:. All About Turkey. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
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869:. The Caliphate army was sympathetic to the
1060:) subjects left or were killed during the
969:functioned at the pleasure of the sultan.
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1137:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199540839.003.0002
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
772:, marking the end of Ottoman influence.
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14:
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818:General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
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790:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
877:with the declaration of a Republic.
140:departing from the back door of the
68:"Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate"
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
1052:, while the Albanian and Armenian (
24:
1177:
805:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
788:occurred on 11 November 1914. The
715:abolition of the Ottoman sultanate
25:
18:Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate
1311:
1270:Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
1087:Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
1012:The Ottoman dynasty embodied the
885:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
727:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
641:Peace at Home, Peace in the World
506:Atatürk International Peace Prize
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768:on 24 July 1923. In March 1924,
756:, departed the Ottoman capital,
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957:was embodied in the dynasty of
44:needs additional citations for
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965:and polity established by the
813:establishment of military rule
792:ended with the signing of the
782:Ottoman entry into World War I
740:. On 11 November 1922, at the
625:State Art and Sculpture Museum
13:
1:
1275:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
1131:, Oxford Scholarship Online,
1112:
899:
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734:
729:on 1 November 1922 ended the
1213:Who's Who – Sultan Mehmed VI
1160:"Mehmed VI | Ottoman sultan"
7:
1290:Turkish War of Independence
1189:Turkish War of Independence
1075:
852:Turkish War of Independence
770:the Caliphate was abolished
307:Decline & Modernization
10:
1316:
1285:1922 in the Ottoman Empire
1082:Abolition of the Caliphate
1054:Armenian national movement
553:Abolition of the caliphate
548:Abolition of the sultanate
391:Abolition of the Caliphate
383:Abolition of the Sultanate
320:(late 18th and early 19th)
1125:D. K. Fieldhouse (2008),
1058:First Republic of Armenia
1007:limited the number to 150
949:End of the Ottoman Empire
837:Turkish national movement
647:Republican People's Party
1092:
1035:Hussein bin Ali of Hejaz
796:on 30 October 1918. The
733:, which had lasted from
466:This article is part of
1164:Encyclopædia Britannica
1001:. The list, which is a
883:Sultan's force against
809:Treaty of London (1915)
723:Saltanatın kaldırılması
603:Citizen, speak Turkish!
573:Turkish language reform
526:Death and state funeral
521:Attempted assassination
974:Conference of Lausanne
820:on 11 April 1920. The
798:Occupation of Istanbul
742:Conference of Lausanne
722:
613:Turkish History Thesis
359:2nd Constitutional Era
333:1st Constitutional Era
216:Fall of Constantinople
145:
1300:Abolition of monarchy
953:The Ottoman Empire's
475:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
136:
1295:November 1922 events
1068:on 29 October 1923.
967:Ottoman Constitution
922:Süleyman Şefik Pasha
875:Turkish Armed Forces
746:Government in Angora
53:improve this article
1265:Pre-Republic Turkey
998:personae non gratae
924:, commander of the
822:Istanbul government
794:Armistice of Mudros
608:Sun Language Theory
501:Cult of personality
1066:Republic of Turkey
856:Kuva-yi Inzibatiye
847:on 23 April 1920.
766:Treaty of Lausanne
568:Educational reform
511:Atatürk Centennial
239:Sultanate of Women
146:
1146:978-0-19-954083-9
1014:Ottoman Caliphate
711:
710:
588:Industrialization
483:
482:
448:
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378:(1918–1922)
370:(1914–1918)
362:(1908–1920)
352:(1908–1922)
336:(1876–1878)
328:(1839–1876)
310:(1789–1908)
294:(1718–1730)
284:(1703–1789)
268:(1656–1703)
258:(1566–1703)
242:(1533–1656)
232:(1453–1566)
211:(1402–1413)
196:(1299–1453)
142:Dolmabahçe Palace
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16:(Redirected from
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833:exiled to Malta
807:began with the
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1250:. Basic Books.
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468:a series about
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405:Historiography
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255:Transformation
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168:Ottoman Empire
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1026:Abdülmecid II
1023:
1019:
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1008:
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1000:
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993:
991:
986:
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978:Mustafa Kemal
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963:grand viziers
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956:
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841:Mustafa Kemal
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598:Turkification
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558:Republicanism
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496:Personal life
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229:Classical Age
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70: –
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64:Find sources:
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42:This article
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1237:Bibliography
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1167:. Retrieved
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375:Partitioning
325:Tanzimat Era
130:
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82:
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63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
1228:Finkel 2007
1201:Finkel 2007
1031:Arab Revolt
955:sovereignty
903: 1920
738: 1299
618:Surname Law
367:World War I
349:Dissolution
265:Köprülü Era
208:Interregnum
1259:Categories
1113:References
776:Background
563:Secularism
281:Old Regime
79:newspapers
1045:in 1925.
1003:Who's Who
990:Mehmed VI
907:Mehmed VI
871:caliphate
839:, led by
784:with the
754:Mehmed VI
725:) by the
531:Mausoleum
291:Tulip Era
138:Mehmed VI
1246:(2007).
1076:See also
1043:Ibn Saud
1039:Mehmet V
762:Istanbul
633:Kemalism
491:Timeline
184:Timeline
154:a series
152:Part of
109:May 2021
1018:Selim I
959:Osman I
905:Sultan
719:Turkish
541:Reforms
413:Decline
163:History
93:scholar
1169:22 May
1143:
1022:caliph
984:Malaya
845:Ankara
835:. The
750:Ankara
394:(1924)
386:(1922)
165:of the
156:on the
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1093:Notes
1033:King
760:(now
748:(now
659:Nutuk
409:Ghaza
100:JSTOR
86:books
1171:2017
1141:ISBN
1056:and
827:The
803:The
780:The
713:The
193:Rise
72:news
1133:doi
55:by
1261::
1220:^
1179:^
1162:.
1139:,
976:.
900:c.
862:.
735:c.
721::
411:,
1173:.
1135::
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122:)
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111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
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