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sheath extending from the external obliques cover the rectus abdominis. The rectus abdominis is the muscle that very fit people develop into "six-pack" abs, though there are five vertical sections on each side. The two bottom sections are just above the pubic bone and usually not visible. The rectus abdominals' function is to bend one's back forward (flexion). The main work of the abdominal muscles is to bend the spine forward when contracting concentrically.
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1462:, the abdomen contains the insect's digestive tract and reproductive organs, it consists of eleven segments in most orders of insects though the eleventh segment is absent in the adult of most higher orders. The number of these segments does vary from species to species with the number of segments visible reduced to only seven in the common
758:
and are used to bend and support the spine from the front. The external obliques are more superficial and are also involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine. They also stabilize the spine when upright. The rectus abdominis muscle is not the most superficial abdominal muscle. The tendonous
817:
episodes, reduce the severity of back pain, protect against injury, help avoid some back surgeries, and help with the healing of back problems, or after spine surgery. When strengthened, the abdominal muscles provide flexibility as well. The abdominal muscles can be worked by strength and fitness
753:
The transverse abdominis muscle is the deepest muscle; therefore, it cannot be touched from the outside. It can greatly affect the body's posture. The internal obliques are also deep and also affect body posture. Both of them are involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the
1230:
The abdomen can be divided into quadrants or regions to describe the location of an organ or structure. Classically, quadrants are described as the left upper, left lower, right upper, and right lower. Quadrants are also often used in describing the site of an abdominal pain.
1299:
These terms stem from "hypo" meaning "below" and "epi" means "above", while "chondron" means "cartilage" (in this case, the cartilage of the rib) and "gaster" means stomach. The reversal of "left" and "right" is intentional, because the anatomical designations reflect
808:
Being key elements of spinal support, and contributors to good posture, it is important to properly exercise the abdominal muscles together with the back muscles because when these are weak or overly tight they can suffer painful spasms and
1150:, which can be felt on the outer lip of the crest of the ilium about two and a half inches (64 mm) from the anterior superior spine. This line corresponds to the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and passes through or just above the
1039:. There is usually one about the xiphoid process, one at the navel, and one in between. It is the combination of the linea alba and the tendinous intersections which form the abdominal "six-pack" sought after by many people.
781:
can be perceived as an indicator of wealth and prestige due to excess food, or as a sign of poor health due to lack of exercise. In many cultures, bare abdomens are distinctly sexualized and perceived similarly to
1319:, and thus is somewhat imprecise. Most of the anatomical structures that will produce pain and tenderness in this region are not in fact in the concavity of the ileum. However, the term is in common usage.
1064:. These lower limits are marked by visible grooves. Just above the pubic spines on either side are the external abdominal rings, which are openings in the muscular wall of the abdomen through which the
625:
Functionally, the human abdomen is where most of the digestive tract is placed and so most of the absorption and digestion of food occurs here. The alimentary tract in the abdomen consists of the lower
804:
The
Superman exercise, involving balancing solely with the abdomen (on a folded towel) while raising the upper torso and pelvis off the floor with the limbs bent. There are numerous variations.
563:. It originates from the inguinal ligament, costal cartilages 7-12, the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia. Inserts into the conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea alba and the pubic crest.
713:. Moreover, these muscles serve as protection for the inner organs. Furthermore, together with the back muscles they provide postural support and are important in defining the form. When the
1171:
The two vertical or mid-Poupart lines are drawn from the point midway between the anterior superior spine and the pubic symphysis on each side, vertically upward to the costal margin.
605:
is small and triangular. It is located in the lower abdomen in front of the rectus abdominis. It originates at the pubic bone and is inserted into the linea alba halfway up to the
574:. The rectus abdominis is enclosed in a thick sheath, formed as described above, by fibers from each of the three muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. They originate at the
419:. A fold of peritoneum may completely cover certain organs, whereas it may cover only one side of organs that usually lie closer to the abdominal wall. This is called the
1035:
on each side of the linea alba stands out in muscular people. The outline of these muscles is interrupted by three or more transverse depressions indicating the
279:
at the back. Lower ribs can also enclose ventral and lateral walls. The abdominal cavity is continuous with, and above, the pelvic cavity. It is attached to the
146:
1528:
on their abdominal segments (as well as their more familiar thoracic legs), which allow them to grip onto the edges of plant leaves as they walk around.
777:
Social and cultural perceptions of the outward appearance of the abdomen has varying significance around the world. Depending on the type of society,
745:. When the thorax is fixed, they can pull up the pelvis and finally, they can bend the vertebral column sideways and assist in the trunk's rotation.
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445:
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578:, run up the abdomen on either side of the linea alba, and insert into the cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. In the region of the
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433:
1494:
122:
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264:. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the
1129:). It corresponds to the upper part of the third lumbar vertebra, and it is an inch or so above the umbilicus. It indicates roughly the
741:, and singing functions. When the pelvis is fixed, they can initiate the movement of the trunk in a forward motion. They also prevent
1187:. In its upper part, the vertical line meets the transpyloric line at the lower margin of the ribs, usually the ninth, and here the
2013:
1516:
possess small, articulated "styli" which are sometimes considered to be rudimentary appendages. Many larval insects including the
1075:
One method by which the location of the abdominal contents can be appreciated is to draw three horizontal and two vertical lines.
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and the top of the pubic symphysis, and often cuts the pyloric opening of the stomach an inch to the right of the mid-line. The
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muscle is flat and triangular, with its fibers running horizontally. It lies between the internal oblique and the underlying
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may be seen as either abdominal organs or as pelvic organs. Finally, the abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the
16:
This article is about the part of the body, sometimes called the stomach. For the organ in the gastrointestinal tract, see
1984:
1953:
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1586:. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition. Retrieved 22 October 2007
813:. When properly exercised, abdominal muscles contribute to improved posture and balance, reduce the likelihood of
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or visceral fat, has built up excessively between the abdominal organs. This is associated with a higher risk of
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pass through the diaphragm. Both the abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by a serous membrane known as the
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is an injury to the abdomen and can involve damage to the abdominal organs. There is an associated risk of
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1544:" ("hind body"), which is the body section posterior to that bearing the legs and head (the prosoma or
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The "right iliac fossa" (RIF) is a common site of pain and tenderness in patients who have
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The left mid-Poupart line corresponds in its upper three-quarters to the inner edge of the
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A scaphoid abdomen is when the abdomen is sucked inwards. In a newborn, it may represent a
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Unlike other arthropods, insects possess no legs on the abdomen in adult form, though the
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1133:, the lower ends of the kidneys, and the upper limit of the transverse (3rd) part of the
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Abdominal organs can be highly specialized in some mammals. For example, the stomach of
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1501:. The petiole and gaster (abdominal segments 2 and onward) are collectively called the
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is a little below it, while its left end approximately touches the lower limit of the
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1540:(spiders, scorpions and relatives), the term "abdomen" is used interchangeably with "
1176:
1151:
1093:
1052:(8, 9, 10) joining one another. The lower lateral limit is the anterior crest of the
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842:
560:
462:
363:. Other digestive organs are known as the accessory digestive organs and include the
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enclosed by the abdominal muscles, at the front and to the sides, and by part of the
241:
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do have rudimentary leg-like appendages on the first three abdominal segments, and
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is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides), and anterior (front) walls.
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Wyatt, Jonathon; Illingworth, RN; Graham, CA; Clancy, MJ; Robertson, CE (2006).
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The relations of the viscera and large vessels of the abdomen, seen from behind.
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1060:, which runs from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the
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The upper lateral limit of the abdomen is the subcostal margin (at or near the
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can be used to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. These include
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exercises, and through practicing disciplines of general body strength such as
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are long and flat. The muscle is crossed by three fibrous bands called the
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375:, and these communicate with the rest of the system via various ducts. The
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1626:. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL. 2010. pp.
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1477:(bees, ants and wasps), the first segment of the abdomen is fused to the
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The abdominal muscles have different important functions. They assist as
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also lie within the abdomen, along with many blood vessels including the
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874:. Injury to the lower chest can cause injuries to the spleen and liver.
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2003:." The Veterinary Dictionary. Elsevier, 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2007
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is situated where it cuts the intertubercular line. The orifice of the
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Front of abdomen, showing markings for duodenum, pancreas, and kidneys.
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710:
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upward and forward, and the transverse abdominal horizontally forward.
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207:
1598:. The Veterinary Dictionary. Elsevier, 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2007
1206:, while the right nipple is about half an inch above its upper limit.
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1401:, the whole being held together by a tough yet stretchable membrane.
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View of the various organs and blood-vessels in proximity with liver.
292:
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1946:
Clinical
Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
1942:"Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, and Percussion of the Abdomen"
979:
techniques that can be used. Surface landmarks are important in the
594:
in the female runs. This is also where weakness can form, and cause
544:. Strength is gained by the criss-crossing of fibers, such that the
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1886:(32nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. 2012. p. 2.
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in the abdominal wall. At about its midpoint sits the umbilicus or
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lining the organs. The abdomen in vertebrates contains a number of
49:
The human abdomen and organs which can be found beneath the surface
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The right subcostal margin corresponds to the lower limit of the
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536:. All of their fibers merge towards the midline and surround the
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2185:
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1525:
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1393:, the abdomen is built up of a series of upper plates known as
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can drop through the wall and where the fibrous cord from the
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Reger-Nash, Bill; Smith, Meredith; Juckett, Gregory (2015).
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in a sheath before joining up on the opposite side at the
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2202:
2197:
2180:
1486:
1422:
1004:
586:, is a passage through the layers. This gap is where the
533:
232:
In humans, the abdomen stretches from the thorax at the
1739:
1769:(2 ed.). Champaign: Human Kinetics. p. 36.
1497:
segment, and the remaining segments form the bulbous
1112:. It corresponds to the first lumbar vertebra behind.
1096:
of C. Addison, which is situated halfway between the
999:, from which organ locations are derived mainly from
268:
in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear.
1717:
A Guide to the
Prevention and Treatment of Back Pain
1234:The abdomen can also be divided into nine regions.
674:. Other vital organs inside the abdomen include the
1855:
1617:
1470:(springtails), the abdomen has only six segments.
1322:
1015:In the mid-line, a slight furrow extends from the
1939:
1790:Swenson, Doug (2001). "Accumulating strong abs".
1218:Side-by-side comparison of quadrants and regions.
489:Henry Gray (1825–1861). Anatomy of the Human Body
210:. The area occupied by the abdomen is called the
3003:
1804:
1433:In the worker ant, the abdomen consists of the
2535:
2085:
1944:. In Walker, HK; Hall, WD; Hurst, JW (eds.).
1911:Examination of the newborn: a practical guide
1694:. Champaign: Human Kinetics. pp. 74–75.
1473:The abdomen is sometimes highly modified. In
23:Part of the body between the chest and pelvis
1847:
1805:Jansen JO, Yule SR, Loudon MA (April 2008).
1689:
520:. The first three layers extend between the
508:. They are, from the outside to the inside:
1175:The right one is the most valuable, as the
903:affect the abdominal organs. These include
423:, and the kidneys and ureters are known as
2542:
2528:
2099:
2092:
2078:
1650:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1068:emerges in the male, and through which an
43:
34:
1830:
1807:"Investigation of blunt abdominal trauma"
1764:
1524:(sawflies) have fleshy appendages called
995:Surface projections of the organs of the
504:There are three layers of muscles in the
283:by the diaphragm. Structures such as the
1907:Durward, Heather; Baston, Helen (2001).
1884:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
1862:. Oxford University Press. p. 346.
1798:
1428:
1408:
1311:. The fossa is named for the underlying
1213:
1209:
1146:, and runs across between the two rough
1082:
990:
837:
799:
616:
1974:
1789:
701:Movement, breathing and other functions
299:. This membrane is continuous with the
271:In vertebrates, the abdomen is a large
3004:
1948:(3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths.
1690:Terry, Michael; Goodman, Paul (2019).
1489:, the second segment forms the narrow
762:
225:of the body; it follows the thorax or
2523:
2073:
2014:"Glossary of Descriptive Terminology"
1858:Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine
1121:, drawn from the lowest point of the
923:disease; intestinal diseases include
240:. The pelvic brim stretches from the
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
986:
725:are fixed, they are integral in the
1714:
1365:), is divided into four chambers –
1078:
13:
1048:) formed by the cartilages of the
881:. In general, it is indicative of
65:Movement and support for the torso
14:
3033:
2035:
1719:. Singapore: Armour. p. 23.
1601:
1445:, itself divided into the narrow
1252:left hypochondriac/hypochondrium
1166:
1092:The highest of the former is the
2057:
2016:. Desertants.org. Archived from
1658:
1302:the patient's own right and left
1269:left lumbar/flank/latus/lateral
1226:Quadrants and regions of abdomen
709:in the breathing process during
480:
471:
444:
432:
335:List of organs of the human body
307:belonging to, for instance, the
2006:
1993:
1968:
1933:
1915:. New York: Routledge. p.
1900:
1876:
1493:. Some ants have an additional
1323:Across animal phyla and classes
548:runs downward and forward, the
69:Protection for the inner organs
1783:
1758:
1744:. Human Kinetics. p. 96.
1733:
1708:
1683:
1589:
1577:
942:
1:
1570:
1384:
1140:The third line is called the
975:. There are also a number of
2893:Suspensory ligament of ovary
2865:Broad ligament of the uterus
1794:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishers.
1666:"The Abdominal Muscle Group"
1531:
343:contains most organs of the
7:
1979:. McGraw-Hill. p. 14.
1823:10.1136/bmj.39534.686192.80
1551:
1327:
969:oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
789:
612:
322:
194:) is the front part of the
10:
3038:
2050:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1940:Ferguson, Charles (1990).
1555:
1404:
1397:and lower plates known as
1342:
1338:
1331:
1223:
981:examination of the abdomen
892:
888:
793:
766:
748:
460:
456:
332:
326:
15:
2973:
2901:
2851:
2842:
2788:
2762:
2675:
2642:Right triangular ligament
2597:
2590:
2562:
2443:
2363:
2354:
2259:
2231:
2121:
2107:
1975:Saladin, Kenneth (2011).
1357:of mammals that includes
901:gastrointestinal diseases
621:Abdominal organs anatomy.
174:(colloquially called the
152:
140:
128:
116:
104:
92:
80:
75:
67:Assistance with breathing
59:
54:
42:
33:
28:
2635:Left triangular ligament
1765:Isacowitz, Rael (2014).
1023:below, representing the
937:irritable bowel syndrome
895:Gastrointestinal disease
773:Navel in popular culture
568:rectus abdominis muscles
2658:Round ligament of liver
2612:Hepatoduodenal ligament
1742:Foundations of Wellness
1624:Encyclopædia Britannica
1183:lies an inch lower, at
1115:The second line is the
1037:tendinous intersections
572:tendinous intersections
260:and is the edge of the
206:in humans and in other
2828:Paramesenteric gutters
2747:Lateral inguinal fossa
2742:Lateral umbilical fold
2717:Phrenicocolic ligament
2700:Gastrosplenic ligament
2690:Gastrophrenic ligament
2617:Hepatogastric ligament
2101:Human regional anatomy
1792:Power Yoga for Dummies
1558:anatomical terminology
1454:
1426:
1219:
1088:
1012:
805:
622:
524:, the lower ribs, the
154:Anatomical terminology
2986:Retroperitoneal space
2981:Extraperitoneal space
2796:Cystohepatic triangle
2737:Medial inguinal fossa
1432:
1412:
1332:Further information:
1217:
1210:Quadrants and regions
1086:
994:
845:is a condition where
838:Clinical significance
803:
707:muscles of exhalation
620:
236:to the pelvis at the
2921:Uterosacral ligament
2712:Splenorenal ligament
2695:Gastrocolic ligament
2647:Hepatorenal ligament
2066:at Wikimedia Commons
1715:Raj, Joshua (2011).
1293:left inguinal/iliac
1240:right hypochondriac/
1143:intertubercular line
879:diaphragmatic hernia
557:transverse abdominal
518:transverse abdominal
379:, and organs of the
2927:Vesicouterine pouch
2818:Peritoneal recesses
1257:right lumbar/flank/
973:virtual colonoscopy
763:Society and culture
711:forceful exhalation
301:visceral peritoneum
297:parietal peritoneum
246:intervertebral disc
2954:Rectovesical pouch
2912:Rectouterine pouch
2801:Hepatorenal recess
2732:Supravesical fossa
2663:Ligamentum venosum
2653:Falciform ligament
1619:"Abdominal cavity"
1556:This article uses
1481:and is called the
1455:
1427:
1421:of a human and an
1220:
1098:suprasternal notch
1089:
1058:Poupart's ligament
1013:
949:medical procedures
913:pancreatic disease
806:
796:Abdominal exercise
717:is closed and the
623:
603:pyramidalis muscle
397:inferior vena cava
359:with its attached
289:inferior vena cava
234:thoracic diaphragm
2999:
2998:
2969:
2968:
2937:Paravesical fossa
2917:Rectouterine fold
2838:
2837:
2823:Paracolic gutters
2811:Inguinal triangle
2629:Coronary ligament
2600:ventral mesentery
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2062:Media related to
1926:978-0-415-19184-5
1893:978-1-4160-6257-8
1869:978-0-19-920607-0
1776:978-1-4504-3416-4
1751:978-1-4504-0200-2
1726:978-981-4305-32-7
1701:978-1-4925-3588-1
1646:cite encyclopedia
1637:978-1-59339-837-8
1297:
1296:
1177:ileo-caecal valve
1152:ileo-caecal valve
1094:transpyloric line
987:Surface landmarks
868:severe blood loss
843:Abdominal obesity
664:descending colons
561:transverse fascia
463:Abdominal muscles
242:lumbosacral joint
168:
167:
163:
3029:
2991:Retropubic space
2959:Pararectal fossa
2888:Ovarian ligament
2849:
2848:
2763:Abdominal cavity
2678:dorsal mesentery
2595:
2594:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2361:
2360:
2292:Vertebral column
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1817:(7650): 938–42.
1802:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1668:. Archived from
1662:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1621:
1614:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1237:
1236:
1196:descending colon
1185:McBurney's point
1131:transverse colon
1079:Horizontal lines
1033:rectus abdominis
864:Abdominal trauma
859:type 2 diabetes.
596:inguinal hernias
550:internal oblique
546:external oblique
538:rectus abdominis
522:vertebral column
514:internal oblique
510:external oblique
484:
475:
448:
436:
347:, including the
345:digestive system
341:abdominal cavity
329:Abdominal cavity
309:digestive system
277:vertebral column
212:abdominal cavity
160:edit on Wikidata
157:
71:Postural support
47:
38:
26:
25:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2965:
2944:Retroperitonium
2897:
2834:
2784:
2780:Omental foramen
2758:
2727:Umbilical folds
2685:Greater omentum
2677:
2671:
2599:
2586:
2558:
2550:Anatomy of the
2548:
2518:
2509:
2439:
2350:
2255:
2227:
2117:
2103:
2098:
2044:"Abdomen"
2041:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1852:
1848:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1457:
1407:
1387:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1325:
1228:
1212:
1169:
1160:large intestine
1156:small intestine
1081:
1070:inguinal hernia
1045:subcostal plane
1021:pubic symphysis
1017:xiphoid process
989:
977:medical imaging
945:
929:coeliac disease
905:stomach disease
897:
891:
840:
798:
792:
784:breast cleavage
775:
765:
751:
703:
615:
502:
501:
500:
499:
498:
492:
485:
477:
476:
465:
459:
452:
449:
440:
437:
425:retroperitoneal
421:retroperitoneum
409:fallopian tubes
401:urinary bladder
367:, its attached
353:small intestine
337:
331:
325:
317:muscular system
281:thoracic cavity
258:pubic symphysis
164:
70:
68:
66:
50:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3017:Animal anatomy
3014:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
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2967:
2966:
2964:
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2956:
2947:
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2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2872:
2861:
2859:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2806:Abdominal wall
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:Ileocecal fold
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2607:Lesser omentum
2603:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2564:
2560:
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2524:
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2256:
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2195:
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2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2037:
2036:External links
2034:
2031:
2030:
2020:on 17 May 2013
2005:
1992:
1985:
1967:
1954:
1932:
1925:
1899:
1892:
1875:
1868:
1846:
1797:
1782:
1775:
1757:
1750:
1732:
1725:
1707:
1700:
1692:Hockey Anatomy
1682:
1657:
1636:
1600:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1553:
1550:
1533:
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1403:
1386:
1383:
1345:Mammal anatomy
1340:
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1326:
1324:
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1295:
1294:
1291:
1282:
1271:
1270:
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1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1224:Main article:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1168:
1167:Vertical lines
1165:
1164:
1163:
1138:
1123:subcostal arch
1118:subcostal line
1113:
1080:
1077:
1066:spermatic cord
988:
985:
944:
941:
933:diverticulitis
893:Main article:
890:
887:
839:
836:
794:Main article:
791:
788:
764:
761:
750:
747:
743:hyperextension
737:, childbirth,
702:
699:
695:abdominal wall
614:
611:
584:inguinal canal
506:abdominal wall
486:
479:
478:
470:
469:
468:
467:
466:
461:Main article:
458:
455:
454:
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441:
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431:
389:adrenal glands
383:including the
381:urinary system
327:Main article:
324:
321:
313:urinary system
266:abdominal wall
166:
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51:
48:
40:
39:
31:
30:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3034:
3023:
3022:Human anatomy
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2932:Ovarian fossa
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2643:
2640:
2636:
2632:
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2627:
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2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2593:
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2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
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2239:
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2219:
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2209:
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2201:
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2179:
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2110:
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2052:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1986:9780071222075
1982:
1978:
1977:Human anatomy
1971:
1957:
1955:9780409900774
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1903:
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1703:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1672:on 2015-12-26
1671:
1667:
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1613:
1611:
1609:
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1592:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1565:Abdominal fat
1563:
1562:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1546:cephalothorax
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Archaeognatha
1511:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:fused to the
1436:
1431:
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1411:
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1396:
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1272:
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1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:hypochondrium
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
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1216:
1207:
1205:
1197:
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1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1072:may rupture.
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:above to the
1018:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
961:sigmoidoscopy
958:
954:
950:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:liver disease
906:
902:
896:
886:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:
856:
852:
851:heart disease
848:
847:abdominal fat
844:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
802:
797:
787:
785:
780:
779:excess weight
774:
770:
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757:
746:
744:
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736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
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685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:sigmoid colon
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629:
619:
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569:
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547:
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531:
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435:
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302:
298:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
227:cephalothorax
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
161:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:
97:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
74:
64:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
37:
32:
27:
19:
2269:
2241:Adam's apple
2048:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:the original
2008:
1995:
1976:
1970:
1959:. Retrieved
1945:
1935:
1910:
1902:
1883:
1878:
1857:
1849:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1766:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1691:
1685:
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1660:
1623:
1591:
1579:
1535:
1507:
1472:
1456:
1449:and bulbous
1419:morphologies
1388:
1348:
1309:appendicitis
1306:
1298:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1201:
1191:is situated.
1170:
1154:, where the
1141:
1116:
1074:
1043:
1041:
1014:
946:
898:
883:malnutrition
876:
862:
841:
807:
776:
752:
704:
692:
624:
600:
565:
554:
503:
488:
424:
338:
270:
262:pelvic inlet
231:
218:, it is the
202:(chest) and
198:between the
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
123:A01.1.00.016
98:
86:
2880:Mesometrium
2875:Mesosalpinx
2770:Greater sac
1542:opisthosoma
1518:Lepidoptera
1495:postpetiole
1313:iliac fossa
1285:hypogastric
1248:epigastrium
1246:epigastric/
1189:gallbladder
965:enteroscopy
957:colonoscopy
943:Examination
917:gallbladder
526:iliac crest
369:gallbladder
273:body cavity
238:pelvic brim
208:vertebrates
76:Identifiers
3006:Categories
2870:Mesovarium
2775:Lesser sac
2570:Peritoneum
2552:peritoneum
2408:Fingernail
2024:2013-07-08
1961:2013-11-27
1676:2010-07-13
1596:Peritoneum
1571:References
1468:Collembola
1391:arthropods
1385:Arthropoda
1343:See also:
1158:joins the
1050:false ribs
1025:linea alba
947:Different
767:See also:
735:defecation
660:transverse
576:pubis bone
542:linea alba
493:(Right) A
417:peritoneum
371:, and the
355:, and the
333:See also:
216:arthropods
2707:Mesentery
2591:Abdominal
2582:Mesentery
2556:mesentery
2324:Genitalia
1538:arachnids
1532:Arachnida
1483:propodeum
1466:. In the
1464:honey bee
1435:propodeum
1415:analogous
1399:sternites
1371:reticulum
1351:ruminants
1265:umbilical
1148:tubercles
1127:tenth rib
953:endoscopy
925:enteritis
921:bile duct
872:infection
815:back pain
731:urination
656:ascending
628:esophagus
293:esophagus
256:) to the
220:posterior
2902:Recesses
2453:Buttocks
2373:Shoulder
2208:Mandible
2141:Forehead
2001:Ruminant
1841:18436949
1552:See also
1522:Symphyta
1520:and the
1503:metasoma
1475:Apocrita
1443:metasoma
1441:and the
1395:tergites
1379:abomasum
1355:suborder
1334:Chordata
1328:Chordata
1317:hip bone
1276:inguinal
1261:/lateral
1181:appendix
1135:duodenum
1104:of each
1007:and the
1003:levels,
1001:vertebra
811:injuries
790:Exercise
686:and the
684:pancreas
670:and the
652:appendix
650:and the
636:duodenum
613:Function
497:abdomen.
427:organs.
373:pancreas
361:appendix
323:Contents
248:between
3012:Abdomen
2908:Female
2857:ovaries
2789:General
2563:General
2498:Toenail
2388:Forearm
2334:Scrotum
2280:Midriff
2270:Abdomen
2263:(Trunk)
2213:Occiput
2156:Eyebrow
2064:Abdomen
2053:. 1921.
1832:2335258
1767:Pilates
1584:Abdomen
1526:prolegs
1510:Protura
1491:petiole
1460:insects
1447:petiole
1405:Insects
1339:Mammals
1315:of the
889:Disease
832:jogging
828:tai chi
820:Pilates
769:Midriff
749:Posture
715:glottis
680:kidneys
640:jejunum
632:stomach
532:of the
487:(Left)
457:Muscles
413:ovaries
385:kidneys
349:stomach
192:stomach
184:midriff
172:abdomen
111:D000005
87:abdomen
61:Actions
55:Details
29:Abdomen
18:Stomach
2974:Spaces
2853:Uterus
2844:Pelvic
2723:Folds
2575:cavity
2433:Little
2423:Middle
2403:Finger
2378:Axilla
2319:Pelvis
2312:Nipple
2307:Breast
2302:Thorax
2246:Throat
2223:Temple
2186:Tongue
2166:Eyelid
1983:
1952:
1923:
1890:
1866:
1839:
1829:
1773:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1634:
1499:gaster
1479:thorax
1451:gaster
1439:thorax
1417:gross
1375:omasum
1359:cattle
1287:/supra
1274:right
1110:spleen
1106:kidney
1031:. The
935:, and
855:asthma
830:, and
723:pelvis
719:thorax
688:spleen
682:, the
678:, the
672:rectum
666:, the
654:, the
646:, the
638:, the
634:, the
630:, the
592:uterus
588:testes
582:, the
516:, and
411:, and
405:uterus
399:. The
387:, and
377:spleen
351:, the
315:, and
305:organs
204:pelvis
200:thorax
2950:Male
2624:Liver
2483:Ankle
2463:Thigh
2418:Index
2413:Thumb
2393:Wrist
2383:Elbow
2356:Limbs
2339:Vulva
2329:Penis
2285:Navel
2275:Waist
2261:Torso
2218:Scalp
2191:Tooth
2176:Mouth
2146:Cheek
1628:19–20
1485:. In
1367:rumen
1363:sheep
1353:, (a
1289:pubic
1280:iliac
1259:latus
1204:liver
1102:hilum
1062:pubis
1054:ilium
1029:navel
1009:ilium
997:trunk
899:Many
756:spine
739:vomit
727:cough
676:liver
648:cecum
644:ileum
607:navel
580:groin
530:pubis
393:aorta
365:liver
357:colon
285:aorta
244:(the
223:tagma
214:. In
196:torso
190:, or
188:tucky
180:tummy
176:belly
158:[
99:ἦτρον
94:Greek
82:Latin
2676:From
2598:From
2554:and
2503:Sole
2488:Heel
2478:Foot
2473:Calf
2468:Knee
2428:Ring
2398:Hand
2346:Anus
2297:Back
2251:Nape
2233:Neck
2171:Nose
2151:Chin
2136:Face
2131:Hair
2123:Head
2115:Skin
2109:Body
1981:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1837:PMID
1771:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1652:link
1632:ISBN
1487:ants
1413:The
1377:and
1361:and
1056:and
1005:ribs
971:and
919:and
870:and
857:and
824:yoga
771:and
721:and
693:The
662:and
601:The
566:The
555:The
528:and
495:male
395:and
339:The
291:and
252:and
170:The
147:9577
118:TA98
106:MeSH
2493:Toe
2458:Hip
2445:Leg
2365:Arm
2203:Jaw
2198:Ear
2181:Lip
2161:Eye
1917:134
1827:PMC
1819:doi
1815:336
1811:BMJ
1548:).
1536:In
1458:In
1423:ant
1389:In
1304:.)
534:hip
229:.
142:FMA
135:127
130:TA2
3008::
2047:.
1919:.
1835:.
1825:.
1813:.
1809:.
1648:}}
1644:{{
1630:.
1622:.
1603:^
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1381:.
1373:,
1369:,
983:.
967:,
963:,
959:,
955:,
939:.
931:,
927:,
915:,
911:,
907:,
885:.
853:,
834:.
826:,
822:,
786:.
733:,
729:,
690:.
658:,
642:,
609:.
598:.
512:,
407:,
403:,
319:.
311:,
287:,
254:S1
250:L5
186:,
182:,
178:,
2923:)
2919:(
2882:)
2855:/
2649:)
2633:(
2543:e
2536:t
2529:v
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
2027:.
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1989:.
1964:.
1929:.
1896:.
1872:.
1843:.
1821::
1779:.
1754:.
1729:.
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1640:.
1560:.
1453:.
1425:.
1278:/
1198:.
1162:.
1137:.
1125:(
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491:.
162:]
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