Florence - Knowledge

5260: 968: 5376: 127: 6151: 5350: 4012: 157: 1596: 5316: 956: 4165: 6405: 944: 932: 171: 3425: 1744: 1460: 2992:, constituted in 2000 over an area of roughly 4,800 square kilometres (1,850 sq mi), is home to 1.5 million people. Within Florence proper, 46.8% of the population was male in 2007 and 53.2% were female. Minors (children aged 18 and less) totalled 14.10% of the population compared to pensioners, who numbered 25.95 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age of Florence resident is 49 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Florence grew by 3.22 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56 percent. The 5845: 187: 4742: 980: 1219: 5788: 5227: 6395: 3085: 5290: 5798: 250: 1813: 920: 1351: 1004: 5335: 3686: 1043: 5577: 1736: 1016: 5920: 5516: 3540: 113: 3556: 13482: 6291: 6182: 3742: 283: 6096: 4413: 3753: 4719: 650: 5272: 992: 5242: 3145: 1694: 141: 4607: 5302: 3388: 3485: 3605:) and a President, elected at the same time as the city mayor. The urban organisation is governed by the Italian Constitution (art. 114). The boroughs have the power to advise the Mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics (environment, construction, public health, local markets) and exercise the functions delegated to them by the City Council; in addition they are supplied with an autonomous funding in order to finance local activities. The boroughs are: 3205: 209: 4914: 6082: 3165: 96: 4804: 1278: 3225: 3285: 3185: 3125: 3065: 221: 6375: 7087: 6385: 3265: 3953:(1404–1472) were among the fathers of Renaissance architecture. The cathedral, topped by Brunelleschi's dome, dominates the Florentine skyline. The Florentines decided to start building it late in the 13th century, without a design for the dome. The project proposed by Brunelleschi in the 14th century was the largest ever built at the time, and the first major dome built in Europe since the two great domes of Roman times – the 4309: 3305: 3105: 3938: 7073: 3245: 7101: 1029: 10945: 10212: 5531:

15 most visited Italian art museums, ⅔ are represented by Florentine museums. The Uffizi is one of these, having a very large collection of international and Florentine art. The gallery is articulated in many halls, catalogued by schools and chronological order. Engendered by the Medici family's artistic collections through the centuries, it houses works of art by various painters and artists. The

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Florence is regarded by some as the birthplace and earliest centre of the modern (post World War Two) fashion industry in Italy. The Florentine "soirées" of the early 1950s organised by Giovanni Battista Giorgini were events where several Italian designers participated in group shows and first garnered international attention. Florence has served as the home of the Italian fashion company

5384: 4461:. The Stile Antico was more prevalent in Northern Europe and Stile Moderno was practiced more by the Italian Composers of the time. The piano was invented in Florence in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. Composers and musicians who have lived in Florence include Piero Strozzi (1550 – after 1608), Giulio Caccini (1551–1618) and Mike Francis (1961–2009). Giulio Caccini's book 5628:, the principal Franciscan church in the city, which is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres (2,600 feet) southeast of the Duomo, and is the burial place of some of the most illustrious Italians, such as Michelangelo, Galileo, Machiavelli, Foscolo, Rossini, thus it is known also as the Temple of the Italian Glories (Tempio dell'Itale Glorie); the 3363:. Heavy industry and machinery also take their part in providing an income. In Nuovo Pignone, numerous factories are still present, and small-to medium industrial businesses are dominant. The Florence-Prato-Pistoia industrial districts and areas were known as the 'Third Italy' in the 1990s, due to the exports of high-quality goods and automobile (especially the 6017:), which is divided into several subsections. Residents of one section, therefore, will only be able to drive in their district and perhaps some surrounding ones. Cars without permits are allowed to enter after 7.30 pm, or before 7.30 am. The rules shift during the tourist-filled summers, putting more restrictions on where one can get in and out. 3445:"an increase among those who sit down on church steps, eat their food and leave rubbish strewn on them", he explained. To boost the sale of traditional foods, the mayor had introduced legislation (enacted in 2016) that requires restaurants to use typical Tuscan products and rejected McDonald's application to open a location in the Piazza del Duomo. 3965:. The dome of Santa Maria del Fiore remains the largest brick construction of its kind in the world. In front of it is the medieval Baptistery. The two buildings incorporate in their decoration the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. In recent years, most of the important works of art from the two buildings – and from the nearby 4430:, born in Italy, gained popularity in Britain and elsewhere. Several Italian cities were "larger on the musical map than their real-size for power suggested. Florence, was once such city which experienced a fantastic period in the early seventeenth Century of musico-theatrical innovation, including the beginning and flourishing of opera. 1307:, providing power and access for the industry (mainly textile industry), and access to the Mediterranean sea for international trade, helping the growth of an industrious merchant community. The Florentine merchant banking skills became recognised in Europe after they brought decisive financial innovation (e.g. 5470:, but with more harmonious proportions. Today the palace is used for international expositions like the annual antique show (founded as the Biennale dell'Antiquariato in 1959), fashion shows and other cultural and artistic events. Here also is the seat of the Istituto Nazionale del Rinascimento and the noted 6129: mi) long and has 14 stops. The construction of a second line began on 5 November 2011, construction was stopped due to contractors' difficulties and restarted in 2014 with the new line opening on 11 February 2019. This second line connects Florence's airport with the city centre. A third line (from 4954:(quarter) of Florence during late June and early July. There are four teams: Azzurri (light blue), Bianchi (white), Rossi (red) and Verdi (green). The Azzurri are from the quarter of Santa Croce, Bianchi from the quarter of Santo Spirito, Verdi are from San Giovanni and Rossi from Santa Maria Novella. 5530:

Florence contains numerous museums and art galleries where some of the world's most important works of art are held. The city is one of the best preserved Renaissance centres of art and architecture in the world and has a high concentration of art, architecture and culture. In the ranking list of the

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Despite Latin being the main language of the courts and the Church in the Middle Ages, writers such as Dante Alighieri and many others used their own language, the Florentine vernacular descended from Latin, in composing their greatest works. The oldest literary pieces written in Florentine go as far

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and Santa Maria Novella are plagued by pickpockets. The province of Florence receives roughly 13 million visitors per year and in peak seasons, popular locations may become overcrowded as a result. In 2015, Mayor Dario Nardella expressed concern over visitors who arrive on buses, stay only a few

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Tourism is, by far, the most important of all industries and most of the Florentine economy relies on the money generated by international arrivals and students studying in the city. The value tourism to the city totalled some €2.5 billion in 2015 and the number of visitors had increased by 5.5%

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At the end of World War II in May 1945, the US Army's Information and Educational Branch was ordered to establish an overseas university campus for demobilised American service men and women in Florence. The first American university for service personnel was established in June 1945 at the School of

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Some tourists are less than respectful of the city's cultural heritage, according to Nardella. In June 2017, he instituted a programme of spraying church steps with water to prevent tourists from using such areas as picnic spots. While he values the benefits of tourism, he claims that there has been

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in Florence, to name just two. Their reigns coincided with political upheaval in Italy, and thus in 1527, Florentines drove out the Medici for a second time and re-established a theocratic republic on 16 May 1527, (Jesus Christ was named King of Florence). The Medici returned to power in Florence in

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The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Florence, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. 13% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while

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The river (Arno), which cuts through the old part of the city, is as much a character in Florentine history as many of the people who lived there. Historically, the locals have had a love-hate relationship with the Arno – which alternated between nourishing the city with commerce, and destroying it

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By the year 1300 Florence had become a centre of textile production in Europe. Many of the rich families in Renaissance Florence were major purchasers of locally produced fine clothing, and the specialists of fashion in the economy and culture of Florence during that period is often underestimated.

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Florence became a musical centre during the Middle Ages and music and the performing arts remain an important part of its culture. The growth of Northern Italian Cities in the 1500s likely contributed to its increased prominence. During the Renaissance, there were four kinds of musical patronage in

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wines but also in many of the more recently developed Supertuscan blends. Within 32 km (20 mi) to the west is the Carmignano area, also home to flavourful sangiovese-based reds. The celebrated Chianti Rufina district, geographically and historically separated from the main Chianti region,

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convened in the mid-16th century and experimented with setting tales of Greek mythology to music and staging the result—in other words, the first operas, setting the wheels in motion not just for the further development of the operatic form, but for later developments of separate "classical" forms

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monastery in 1490. He was famed for his penitential sermons, lambasting what he viewed as widespread immorality and attachment to material riches. He praised the exile of the Medici as the work of God, punishing them for their decadence. He seized the opportunity to carry through political reforms

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In 2016, Florence had 20,588 hotel rooms in 570 facilities. International visitors use 75% of the rooms; some 18% of those were from the U.S. In 2014, the city had 8.5 million overnight stays. A Euromonitor report indicates that in 2015 the city ranked as the world's 36th most visited in the

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with multiple rides, are purchased in advance and must be validated once on board. These tickets may be used on ATAF&Li-nea buses, Tramvia and second-class local trains only within city railway stations. The bus fleet consisted of 446 urban, 5 suburban, 20 intercity and 15 tourism buses.

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Florence is believed to have the greatest concentration of art (in proportion to its size) in the world. Thus, cultural tourism is particularly strong, with world-renowned museums such as the Uffizi selling over 1.93 million tickets in 2014. The city's convention centre facilities were

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Florence is a major production and commercial centre in Italy, where the Florentine industrial complexes in the suburbs produce all sorts of goods, from furniture, rubber goods, chemicals, and food. Traditional and local products, such as antiques, handicrafts, glassware, leatherwork, art

4897:). The cart is connected by a rope to the interior of the church. Near the cart there is a model of a dove, which, according to legend, is a symbol of good luck for the city: at the end of the Easter mass, the dove emerges from the nave of the Duomo and ignites the fireworks on the cart. 3378:

In the fourth quarter of 2015, manufacturing increased by 2.4% and exports increased by 7.2%. Leading sectors included mechanical engineering, fashion, pharmaceutics, food and wine. During 2015, permanent employment contracts increased by 48.8 percent, boosted by nationwide tax break.

3738:; people of this age began to understand themselves as human beings, which reflected in art. The Renaissance marked the rebirth of classical values in art and society as people studied the ancient masters of the Greco-Roman world; art became focused on realism as opposed to idealism. 4447:, was premiered. Opera spread from Florence throughout Italy and eventually Europe. Vocal Music in the choir setting was also taking new identity at this time. At the beginning of the 17th century, two practices for writing music were devised, one the first practice or 1450:

at the gates of Pisa, he had to accept the humiliating conditions of the French king. These made the Florentines rebel, and they expelled Piero II. With his exile in 1494, the first period of Medici rule ended with the restoration of a republican government.

679:, becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center. During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful 6353:. The center for arts and humanities advanced research has been located on the border of Florence, Fiesole and Settignano since 1961. Over 8,000 American students are enrolled for study in Florence, although mostly while studying in US based degree programs. 5440:, in accordance with the varying use of the palace during its long history. The building acquired its current name when the Medici duke's residence was moved across the Arno to the Palazzo Pitti. It is linked to the Uffizi and the Palazzo Pitti through the 5458:, of the Medici family, is another major edifice, and was built between 1445 and 1460. It was well known for its stone masonry that includes rustication and ashlar. Today it is the head office of the Metropolitan City of Florence and hosts museums and the 1669:

as Italy's capital in 1865 and, in an effort to modernise the city, the old market in the Piazza del Mercato Vecchio and many medieval houses were pulled down and replaced by a more formal street plan with newer houses. The Piazza (first renamed Piazza

12480: 5773:, formally the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, is the cathedral of Florence, Italy. It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. 3358:

also occupy a fair sector of Florence's economy. The city's income relies partially on services and commercial and cultural interests, such as annual fairs, theatrical and lyrical productions, art exhibitions, festivals and fashion shows, such as the

4381:, when some people fled the ravaged city to an isolated country mansion, and spent their time there recounting stories and novellas taken from the medieval and contemporary tradition. All of this is written in a series of 100 distinct novellas. 3399:

Tourism is the most significant industry in central Florence. From April to October, tourists outnumber the local population. Tickets to the Uffizi and Accademia galleries are regularly sold out and large groups regularly fill the basilicas of

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22% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.1 km (2.5 mi), while 3% travel for over 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.

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and other scientists pioneered the study of optics, ballistics, astronomy, anatomy, and other scientific disciplines. Pico della Mirandola, Leonardo Bruni, Machiavelli, and many others laid the groundwork for modern scientific understanding.

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station is under construction and is contracted to be operational by 2015. It is planned to be connected to Vespucci airport, Santa Maria Novella railway station, and to the city centre by the second line of Tramvia. The architectural firms

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was often formulaic and symbolic; the surviving works are mostly religious, their subjects were chosen by clerics. By contrast, Renaissance art became more rational, mathematical, individualistic, and was produced by known artists such as

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Florence contains various theatres and cinemas. The Odeon Cinema of the Palazzo dello Strozzino is one of the oldest cinemas in the city. Established from 1920 to 1922 in a wing of the Palazzo dello Strozzino, it used to be called the

1510:, whose prescriptions for Florence's regeneration under strong leadership have often been seen as a legitimization of political expediency and even malpractice. Machiavelli was a political thinker, renowned for his political handbook 5864:, one of the main roads of the northern area of the historic centre; the Via Ghibellina, one of central Florence's longest streets; the Via dei Calzaiuoli, one of the most central streets of the historic centre which links 1494:

of corruption, he was banned from speaking in public. When he broke this ban, he was excommunicated. The Florentines, tired of his teachings, turned against him and arrested him. He was convicted as a heretic, hanged and

5632:, which is one of the largest churches in the city, situated at the centre of Florence's main market district, and the burial place of all the principal members of the Medici family from Cosimo il Vecchio to Cosimo III; 6235:'s apse from which it takes its name. As well as numerous high speed trains to major Italian cities Florence is served by international overnight sleeper services to Munich and Vienna operated by Austrian railways ÖBB. 3336:

Manufacturing and commerce remain highly important. Florence is Italy's 17th richest city in terms of average workers' earnings, with the figure being €23,265 (the overall city's income is €6,531,204,473), coming after

12475: 5092:, the current bridge was rebuilt in the 14th century. It is the only bridge in the city to have survived World War II intact. It is the first example in the western world of a bridge built using segmental 3441:

hours, spend little money but contribute significantly to overcrowding. "No museum visit, just a photo from the square, the bus back and then on to Venice ... We don't want tourists like that", he said.

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Research institutes and university departments are located within the Florence area and within two campuses at Polo di Novoli and Polo Scientifico di Sesto Fiorentino as well as in the Research Area of

5557:; the Palazzo Pitti, containing part of the Medici family's former private collection. In addition to the Medici collection, the palace's galleries contain many Renaissance works, including several by 5096:, that is, arches less than a semicircle, to reduce both span-to-rise ratio and the numbers of pillars to allow lesser encumbrance in the riverbed (being in this much more successful than the Roman 651: 12366: 8173:

Map showing the Arno river catchment and its major tributaries, the largest towns, and the sampling stations subdivided according to the sampling year. Coordinates refer to UTM32T (ED50) system.

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In the 16th century, during the Renaissance, Florence was the home town of political writer and philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli, whose ideas on how rulers should govern the land, detailed in

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used to sell his "enterprise" to the Spanish monarchs, and which he used on his first voyage. Mercator's "Projection" is a refined version of Toscanelli's, taking the Americas into account.

1868:). It has hot summers with moderate or light rainfall and cool, damp winters. As Florence lacks a prevailing wind, summer temperatures are higher than along the coast. Rainfall in summer is 9048: 1364:

At the height of demographic expansion around 1325, the urban population may have been as great as 120,000, and the rural population around the city was probably close to 300,000. The

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and which seated 6,000 people. There are several other theatres, such as the Saloncino Castinelli, the Teatro Puccini, the Teatro Verdi, the Teatro Goldoni and the Teatro Niccolini.

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is the main national and international railway station in Florence and is used by 59 million people every year. The building, designed by Giovanni Michelucci, was built in the

4764:. Florentine bankers financed Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese explorers who pioneered the route around Africa to India and the Far East. It was a map drawn by the Florentine 7289: 4706:, a white flatbread cake, is one of the most popular; it is a very soft cake, prepared with extremely simple ingredients, typical of Florentine cuisine, and is especially eaten at 10255: 3578:), which is composed of 36 councillors elected every five years with a proportional system, at the same time as the mayoral elections. The executive body is the City Committee ( 6013:

The centre of Florence is closed to through-traffic, although buses, taxis and residents with appropriate permits are allowed in. This area is commonly referred to as the ZTL (

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Florentine food grows out of a tradition of peasant fare rather than rarefied high cuisine. The majority of dishes are based on meat. The whole animal was traditionally eaten;

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was the first Medici family member to essentially control the city from behind the scenes. Although the city was technically a democracy of sorts, his power came from a vast

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is rare. The highest officially recorded temperature was 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) on 26 July 1983 and the lowest was −23.2 °C (−9.8 °F) on 12 January 1985.

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is a square in the city centre, location of the cultural cafés and bourgeois palaces. Among the square's cafés (like Caffè Gilli, Paszkowski or the Hard Rock Cafè), the

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The Uffizi Gallery, one of the finest art museums in the world, was founded on a large bequest from the last member of the Medici family. It is located at the corner of

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settlement. Nevertheless, the majority of the city was built during the Renaissance. Despite the strong presence of Renaissance architecture within the city, traces of

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parts of the centre, damaging many art treasures. Around the city there are tiny placards on the walls noting where the flood waters reached at their highest point.

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Baronta, Callai, Galluzzo, Cascine del Riccio, Croce di Via, La lastra, Mantignano, Ugnano, Parigi, Piazza Calda, Pontignale, San Michele a Monteripaldi, Settignano

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besieged the city while the Florentines, with contempt of the enemies, decided to play the game notwithstanding the situation. The game is played in the Piazza di

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is also few kilometres east of Florence. More recently, the Bolgheri region (about 150 km or 93 mi southwest of Florence) has become celebrated for its "

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Florence was the birthplace of High Renaissance art, which lasted from about 1500 to 1527. Renaissance art put a larger emphasis on naturalism and human emotion.

1678:, the present name) was significantly widened and a large triumphal arch was constructed at the west end. A museum recording the destruction stands nearby today. 13241: 12416: 11930: 4198:, which was created between 1501 and 1504 and is perhaps the best-known work of art anywhere, plus the unfinished statues of slaves Michelangelo created for the 3417:

Studies by Euromonitor International have concluded that cultural and history-oriented tourism is generating significantly increased spending throughout Europe.

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club based in Florence; both its male and female squads have won several Italian championships and the female squad has also European titles in their palmarès.

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and wounding his brother Lorenzo. All the members of the plot who could be apprehended were seized by the Florentines and hanged from the windows of the palace.

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Hanning, Barbara Russano, J. Peter Burkholder, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. Concise History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.pg. 182.

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such as the symphony and concerto. After the year 1600, Italian trends prevailed across Europe, by 1750 it was the primary musical language. The genre of the

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surrounding the northern part of the historic centre; as well as others, such as Via Roma, Via degli Speziali, Via de' Cerretani, and the Viale dei Colli.

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Bonds, Mark E., Etd. Kassell, Richard (2010). A History of Music in Western Culture. Combined Volume. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

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On 23 May 1498, the same Savonarola and two followers were hanged and burnt at the stake. (A round plate in the ground marks the spot where he was hanged)

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and connoted a practice of stating text in a free, lyrical, yet speech-like manner. This would occur while an instrument, usually a keyboard type such as

9100: 5949:, which holds 47,282. The women's team, ACF Fiorentina Femminile, have won the women's association football Italian Championship of the 2016–17 season. 4996:

buildings are also highlights. The dome, 600 years after its completion, is still the largest dome built in brick and mortar in the world. In 1982, the

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led the literary scene in Florence after Dante's death in 1321. Petrarch was an all-rounder writer, author and poet, but was particularly known for his

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In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest cities in Europe, with a population of 60,000, and was considered rich and economically successful.

6258:. Most bundled routes are Firenze–Pisa, Firenze–Viareggio and Firenze–Arezzo (along the main line to Rome). Other local railways connect Florence with 4948:. A temporary arena is constructed, with bleachers and a sand-covered playing field. A series of matches are held between four teams representing each 5945:. ACF Fiorentina has won two Italian Championships, in 1956 and 1969, and 6 Italian cups, since their formation in 1926. They play their games at the 3367:) and the prosperity and productivity of the Florentine entrepreneurs. Some of these industries even rivalled the traditional industrial districts in 4932:, is a traditional sport, regarded as a forerunner of soccer, though the actual gameplay most closely resembles rugby. The event originates from the 3414:

magazine ranked the city as their third favourite tourist destination. In 2015, Condé Nast Travel readers voted Florence as the best city in Europe.

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with the Pitti Palace passing by the Uffizi and over the Ponte Vecchio. The Galleria dell'Accademia houses a Michelangelo collection, including the

9773: 10437: 8267: 5489: 9193: 318: 10370: 3969:, have been removed and replaced by copies. The originals are now housed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, just to the east of the cathedral. 3722:, who started to sign their works. Religion was important, but with this new age came the humanization of religious figures in art, such as in 3555: 675:

European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the

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In 1200 the city was home to 50,000 people. By 1300 the population of the city proper was 120,000, with an additional 300,000 living in the

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is a large (the customary size should weigh around 1.2 to 1.5 kg or 2 lb 10 oz to 3 lb 5 oz) – the "date" steak –

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runs trains between the railway stations within the city, and to other destinations around Italy and Europe. The central railway station,

6164:, Peretola, is one of two main international airports in the Tuscany region. The other international airport in the Tuscany region is the 5289: 4757:

Florence has been an important scientific centre for centuries, notably during the Renaissance with scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci.

13234: 12127: 11923: 10319: 6247: 6212: 6130: 6108: 5605: 8087: 12470: 10262: 5080:('Old Bridge'), whose most striking feature is the multitude of shops built upon its edges, held up by stilts. The bridge also carries 1562: 4465:

was significant in performance practice technique instruction at the time. The book specified a new term, in use by the 1630s, called

3408:, both of which charge for entry. Tickets for The Uffizi and Accademia can be purchased online prior to visiting. In 2010, readers of 1399:(new people). The fact that the Medici were bankers to the pope also contributed to their ascendancy. Cosimo was succeeded by his son 13513: 12578: 9483: 6107:

is under construction. The first line began operation on 14 February 2010 and connects Florence's primary intercity railway station (

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rule, during which the city was fought over, helping to cause the population to fall to as low as 1,000 people. Peace returned under

8670: 5990:) and Firenze Rugby 1931. I Medicei won the Serie A Championship in 2016–17 and were promoted to Eccellenza for the 2017–18 season. 5226: 11639: 10841: 10819: 10809: 9569: 4207: 4185: 3923: 3891: 3883: 1801: 742:, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, 549: 10233: 9657:"Tuscany italy tuscany tourists guide, travel tips extra virgin olive oil wines and foods of the most beautiful land in the world" 9602:

Grout, Donald Jay, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1973.

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Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio pioneered the use of the vernacular instead of the Latin used for most literary works at the time.

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league system in Italy, by I Medicei, which is a club established in 2015 by the merging of the senior squads of I Cavalieri (of

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soldiers who died driving the Germans from Tuscany are buried in cemeteries outside the city (Americans about nine kilometres or

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The country's second capital city was superseded by Rome six years later, after the withdrawal of the French troops allowed the

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of the Catholic Church, (Leo X and Clement VII, respectively). Both were generous patrons of the arts, commissioning works like

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miles south of the city, British and Commonwealth soldiers a few kilometres east of the centre on the right bank of the Arno).

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Gasca Queirazza, Giuliano; Marcato, Carla; Pellegrini, Giovan Battista; Petracco Sicardi, Giulia; Rossebastiano, Alda (2006).

11939: 11306: 10669: 10555: 10418: 9616: 9158: 9130: 8970: 8470: 8402: 8220: 6150: 6085: 5953: 5375: 4848:, have boutiques. Via del Parione and Via Roma are other streets that are also well known for their high-end fashion stores. 10197: 8594: 7404: 13826: 12571: 12036: 9219: 8768: 6060:, which is 5 km (3 mi) west of the city centre, and which has scheduled services run by major European carriers. 3902:; the cathedral with its sculptures, the medieval churches with bands of frescoes; public as well as private palaces – the 3879: 1764: 904: 5545:. It has a collection of Russian icons and works by various artists and painters. Other museums and galleries include the 5271: 249: 13851: 12174: 11632: 11316: 10829: 9747: 8945: 6028:

was the bus company who run the principal public transit network in the city; it was one the companies of the consortium

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Florence has been a setting for numerous works of fiction and movies, including the novels and associated films, such as

4367:, or the Book of Songs, where he conveyed his unremitting love for Laura. His style of writing has since become known as 10675: 10477: 7900: 1525:

In 1512, the Medici retook control of Florence with the help of Spanish and Papal troops. They were led by two cousins,

12431: 11154: 9682: 9365: 8895: 5810: 5791: 4730: 1675: 1192:

Florence was established by the Romans in 59 BC as a colony for veteran soldiers and was built in the style of an

126: 8743: 5857: 4011: 13856: 12459: 11398: 11022: 10988: 10610: 10534: 10458: 9282: 8788: 8535: 8493: 8436: 8394:

Ecologies and Economies in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Studies in Environmental History for Richard C. Hoffmann

8368: 7884: 7851: 7701: 7565: 7388: 7252: 5972: 5826: 5713: 5681: 5657: 5629: 5625: 5104: 4945: 4937: 4813: 4628:) were once regularly on the menu at restaurants and still are sold at the food carts stationed throughout the city. 4188:. They are filled with the creations of Donatello, Verrocchio, Desiderio da Settignano, Michelangelo and others. The 3989: 3728: 3421:

restructured during the 1990s and host exhibitions, conferences, meetings, social forums, concerts and other events.

3401: 1869: 1793:

Aeronautics. Some 7,500 soldier-students were to pass through the university during its four one-month sessions (see

1119:

was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. Two members of the family were

996: 627: 13481: 9972: 5640:, whose building was constructed on the site of the kitchen garden of the monastery of San Michele, now demolished; 4421:

the city with respect to both sacred and secular music: state, corporate, church, and private. It was here that the

282: 12044: 10711: 8116:"Sources of major and trace elements in the stream sediments of the Arno river catchment (northern Tuscany, Italy)" 8036: 7228: 7129: 5493: 4993: 2960: 1077:, the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, was adopted as the basis for a national literary language. 1061:

The language spoken in the city during the 14th century came to be accepted as the model for what would become the

9660: 9338: 9245: 4972:) for its monuments, churches, and buildings. The best-known site of Florence is the domed cathedral of the city, 4324:

back as the 13th century. Florence's literature fully blossomed in the 14th century, when not only Dante with his

4230:, the Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce, the Museum of the Cloister of Santa Maria Novella, the Zoological Museum (" 1595: 683:

family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the

11159: 11012: 10856: 10060: 8997: 6255: 6250:, is about 500 m (1,600 ft) northwest of the Piazza del Duomo. There are two other important stations: 6232: 5641: 5601: 4493: 4487: 4001: 3405: 1567: 1312: 539: 11862: 10132: 9708: 9538: 9074: 4388:, spread across European courts and enjoyed enduring popularity for centuries. These principles became known as 13841: 11608: 11189: 11164: 6716: 4511: 4289:

Although its vocabulary and pronunciation are largely identical to standard Italian, differences do exist. The

1599: 156: 17: 10107: 13506: 13260: 11537: 11332: 11291: 11066: 9104: 8622: 8083: 7124: 6369: 6310: 6133:

to the Careggi area, where the most important hospitals of Florence are located) is also under construction.

6045: 5027: 4794: 3674: 1611: 1431:. By contemporary Florentines (and since), he was known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent" (Lorenzo il Magnifico). 1400: 665: 377: 11099: 6404: 5041:

The layout and structure of Florence in many ways harkens back to the Roman era, where it was designed as a

12031: 11144: 11139: 10824: 7993: 7241: 5961: 5677: 5366: 4223: 3839: 1551: 1546: 731: 521: 372: 6360:

which teaches Italian language and culture to foreigners, is located in Piazza Santo Spirito in Florence.

1743: 13431: 12594: 12194: 11385: 11210: 10893: 10704: 9777: 7134: 5965: 5717: 4998: 4164: 3610: 3437: 1794: 1671: 1459: 1419:. Lorenzo was an accomplished poet and musician and brought composers and singers to Florence, including 1050:

Florence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a long period as a flourishing trading and banking

723: 13219: 5069:

as well as the Duomo, or the city's Cathedral, are the two buildings which dominate Florence's skyline.

11590: 11542: 11393: 11114: 11049: 10765: 8288: 7786:

Day, W.R. (3 January 2012). "The population of Florence before the Black Death: survey and synthesis".

6832:, physician, psychoanalyst and an international reference on the questioning of the basis of psychiatry 6672: 6488: 5181: 4878: 4836:

have large offices and stores in Florence or its outskirts. Florence's main upscale shopping street is

4765: 4189: 3847: 3670: 3587: 3531: 1206:, the settlement quickly became an important commercial centre and in AD 285 became the capital of the 1160: 9570:"Literature in Florence – Petrarch and Boccaccio, Florentine Writers and Poet: Petrarch and Boccaccio" 6569:(born Corrado Feroci, 1892–1962), sculptor, credited as the principal figure of modern art in Thailand 4648:, often served with melon when in season). The typically saltless Tuscan bread, obtained with natural 3424: 664:. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 360,930 inhabitants in 2023, and 984,991 in its 13336: 12318: 12189: 11585: 11365: 9852: 9197: 6238:

Train tickets must be validated before boarding. The main bus station is next to Santa Maria Novella

6228: 5889: 5054: 4741: 3875: 1853: 1516:, which is about ruling and exercising power. Commissioned by the Medici, Machiavelli also wrote the 1288: 31: 10374: 8140: 7315: 5844: 13499: 12277: 11965: 11496: 11179: 11129: 11124: 11119: 10851: 10794: 8815:"Florence's Uffizi leading the pack in terms of visitors' numbers, after the Colosseum and Pompeii" 8648: 7050: 6342: 6334: 6103:

In an effort to reduce air pollution and car traffic in the city, a multi-line tram network called

6057: 5908: 5741: 5693: 5566: 5241: 5122:, a site important for being the centre of Florence's civil life and government for centuries. The 4963: 4722: 4672: 4499: 4243: 3642: 1760: 1619: 1231: 413: 186: 35: 9870: 7486: 695:

and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by

13522: 12400: 12390: 12325: 12122: 12113: 11532: 11375: 11285: 11250: 11174: 11169: 11149: 11094: 11039: 10915: 10876: 10442: 8819:

Florence’s Uffizi leading the pack in terms of visitors' numbers, after the Colosseum and Pompeii

8185: 7763:

Peters, Edward (1995). "The Shadowy, Violent Perimeter: Dante Enters Florentine Political Life".

7329: 6782: 6560: 6165: 5633: 5508:; as well as various others, including the Palazzo Borghese, the Palazzo di Bianca Cappello, the 5467: 5447: 5402: 5163: 4126: 3997: 3907: 3031: 2996:

of Florence is 7.66 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.

1821: 1709: 1132: 1021: 888: 760: 170: 10450: 9998: 9439: 7821: 3354:

reproductions, jewellery, souvenirs, elaborate metal and iron-work, shoes, accessories and high

1218: 763:; furthermore, it is a major national economic centre, as well as a tourist and industrial hub. 12793: 12450: 12329: 11281: 11194: 9630: 9294: 9270: 8564: 8135: 7970: 7843: 7380: 7114: 6763: 6504: 6424: 6302: 6295: 5946: 5923: 5459: 5412:

with its copy of Michelangelo's David statue as well as the gallery of statues in the adjacent

5301: 5123: 5035: 4684:

beef cooked over hot charcoal and served very rare with its more recently derived version, the

4567: 4555: 4199: 4106: 3734: 1772: 1705: 1631: 1576: 1572: 1482: 1439: 1435: 1187: 1156: 1152: 984: 948: 712: 220: 10323: 7445: 6627: 6408: 6189:

Parts of this article (those related to the status of high-speed rail to Florence) need to be

3436:

Tourism brings revenue to Florence, but also creates certain problems. The Ponte Vecchio, The

1507: 1319:. The growing power of the merchant elite culminated in an anti-aristocratic uprising, led by 708: 13695: 13446: 12445: 11757: 11486: 11439: 11418: 11403: 11337: 11265: 11245: 11240: 11134: 11084: 10971: 9509: 7876: 7869: 7092: 6702: 6442: 6388: 6338: 6326: 5877: 5869: 5838: 5797: 5709: 5701: 5480:, designed by Leon Battista Alberti between 1446 and 1451 and executed, at least in part, by 5409: 5119: 5089: 5046: 5019: 4985: 4837: 4572: 4294: 4202:. Other sights include the medieval city hall, the Palazzo della Signoria (also known as the 4118: 4066: 3993: 3977: 3966: 3950: 3927: 3919: 1861: 1647: 1622:, led to Tuscany's temporary inclusion in the territories of the Austrian crown. It became a 1500: 1404: 1324: 1116: 1105: 1085: 500: 132: 102: 7032: 5814: 1812: 1368:

of 1348 reduced it by over half, about 25,000 are said to have been supported by the city's

1315:) to medieval fairs. This period also saw the eclipse of Florence's formerly powerful rival 208: 13421: 13401: 13391: 13281: 13276: 12463: 12376: 12132: 11370: 11357: 11089: 11034: 10900: 10779: 10770: 10505: 10035:"The ZTL – Avoid Restricted Traffic Zones & Fines in Italy – Italy Perfect Travel Blog" 8127: 6751: 6699:(1837–1899), Countess of Castiglione, early photographic artist, secret agent and courtesan 6690: 6515: 6509: 6494: 6478: 6394: 5957: 5930: 5885: 5834: 5787: 5733: 5705: 5669: 5653: 5649: 5621: 5584:

There are several different churches and religious buildings in Florence. The cathedral is

5542: 5501: 5497: 5455: 5425: 5421: 5370: 5207: 5198:

in Piazza della Signoria is the location of a number of statues by other sculptors such as

5177: 5138:

was sent into exile from here (commemorated by a plaque on one of the walls of the Uffizi).

5050: 5023: 4981: 4925: 4769: 4560: 4538: 4505: 4247: 4194: 4110: 4098: 4090: 4005: 3973: 3887: 3784: 3761: 1561:

Florence officially became a monarchy in 1531, when Emperor Charles and Pope Clement named

1518: 1388: 1336: 1282: 1148: 1112:

and, after their return to Rome, the reconstruction and Renaissance embellishment of Rome.

924: 856: 822: 510: 10216: 9487: 9461: 8335: 8313: 6609: 1115:

Florence was home to the Medici, one of European history's most important noble families.

8: 12495: 12441: 12426: 12209: 11501: 11491: 11296: 11235: 11079: 11017: 11000: 10866: 10739: 9316: 8721: 8674: 7689: 6733: 6554: 6415: 6330: 6318: 6279: 5900: 5881: 5782: 5758: 5689: 5652:, which was founded by the lay order of the Umiliati, and is among the first examples of 5505: 5481: 5471: 5441: 5398: 5321: 5167: 5142: 5058: 5007: 4693: 4564: 4529: 4422: 3981: 3895: 3823: 3666: 3449: 3003:

live in the city. The largest immigrant group came from other European countries (mostly

1717: 1643: 1486: 1478: 1463: 1340: 1140: 1055: 972: 872: 816: 802: 727: 8845: 8131: 7225:"Bilancio demografico anno 2015 e popolazione residente al 31 dicembre; Comune: Firenze" 6195:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5097: 4828:

are also headquartered in Florence. Other major players in the fashion industry such as

1724:, in early August, the retreating Germans decided to demolish all the bridges along the 1042: 12199: 11434: 11413: 11408: 11311: 11255: 11230: 10966: 10784: 10631: 9946: 8560: 8241: 8153: 7803: 7768: 7373: 7119: 6745: 6638: 6454: 6346: 6036:

for the public transport in the 2018–2019 period. Individual tickets, or a pass called

5899:

Florence also contains various parks and gardens. Such include the Boboli Gardens, the

5861: 5822: 5770: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5233: 4973: 4890: 4517: 4358: 4317: 4263: 3822:

Their works, together with those of many other generations of artists, are gathered in

3694: 3680: 3368: 3037:

As of 2016, an estimated 30,000 people, or 8% of the population, identified as Muslim.

2981: 1735: 1659: 1639: 1542: 1420: 1350: 1144: 1136: 1074: 960: 896: 704: 688: 176: 9899: 8577: 7799: 6779:–1846), Florence born portrait painter in the late 17th century and early 18th century 5515: 5126:

facing it is still home of the municipal government. Many significant episodes in the

1844:, three other minor rivers (Mugnone, Ema and Greve) and some streams flow through it. 1662:

but finally deposed in 1859. Tuscany became a region of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

734:

and monuments. The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the

13836: 13286: 12294: 11995: 11986: 11613: 11595: 11559: 11522: 11460: 11342: 11005: 10976: 10861: 10665: 10606: 10599: 10551: 10530: 10523: 10454: 10184: 9612: 9278: 9154: 9126: 8466: 8432: 8398: 8364: 8216: 8157: 8018: 7880: 7847: 7836: 7807: 7725: 7697: 7561: 7384: 7248: 6829: 6818: 6809: 6466: 6436: 6259: 6224: 6076: 6064: 5942: 5830: 5753: 5485: 5211: 5145:

and his retainers tried to raise the city against the Medici after the plot known as

5018:

that were built in the 14th century to defend the city. At the heart of the city, in

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As of 31 October 2010, the population of the city proper is 370,702, while

2661: 2503: 2456: 2408: 1651: 1627: 1491: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1354: 1320: 1308: 936: 112: 9512:[Dictionary of Contemporary Florentine] (in Italian). Accademia della Crusca 9436:"Florence, Tuscany Region, Italy – The Duomo, Statue of David, Piazza Dell Signoria" 7914: 7663: 7290:"Economy of Renaissance Florence, Richard A. Goldthwaite, Book – Barnes & Noble" 7195: 5265:

1835 City Map of Florence, still largely in the confines of its medieval city centre

3752: 3685: 1658:

in 1814. The Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty was restored on the throne of Tuscany at the

13780: 13451: 13361: 13306: 13301: 13113: 12386: 12371: 12109: 12017: 11955: 11655: 11527: 11455: 11074: 11027: 10799: 10789: 10727: 10446: 9391: 9366:"Why Was Florence Considered Important For Culture And Arts? – Essay – Michellekim" 8998:"Florence seeks a better class of tourist to share its besieged medieval treasures" 8145: 7795: 7169: 6794: 6757: 6696: 6590: 6398: 6290: 6161: 6154: 5976: 5904: 5697: 5661: 5593: 5509: 5477: 5413: 5195: 5151: 5031: 4882: 4761: 4718: 4542: 4523: 4407: 4331: 4082: 4042: 3792: 3746: 3583: 3571: 3498: 3000: 1884: 1837: 1615: 1555: 1530: 1496: 1381: 1300: 1262: 1250: 1235: 1167: 1062: 1051: 1008: 912: 880: 692: 684: 644: 636: 601: 565: 555: 473: 360: 213: 61: 13033: 10409: 8235: 7939: 7316:"Firenze-del-rinascimento: Documenti, foto e citazioni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani" 6715:(1909–1965), Italian-Israeli mathematician and physicist; Acting President of the 6219:

style and it is one of the major rationalist buildings in Italy. It is located in

6095: 5919: 5801:

Panorama composite, overview of Firenze, taken from the Giardino Bardini viewpoint

5716:. The city additionally contains the Orthodox Russian church of Nativity, and the 5466:, an example of civil architecture with its rusticated stone, was inspired by the 4412: 4377:, a slightly grim story of Florence during the 1350s bubonic plague, known as the 1732:

to the rest of the city, making it difficult for troops of the 8th Army to cross.

1202:, the main route between Rome and the north, and within the fertile valley of the 13755: 12893: 12713: 12476:

Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe

12361: 12343: 12244: 12071: 12025: 11947: 11564: 11549: 11476: 11300: 11260: 11054: 10932: 10922: 10910: 10905: 10804: 10755: 10545: 8775: 8522: 8460: 8426: 8392: 8358: 7581: 7481: 6960: 6803: 6677: 6656: 6615: 6578: 6521: 6484: 6448: 6378: 6306: 6274: 6239: 6033: 5853: 5673: 5617: 5532: 5504:, a historic 13th-century private palace, owned since the 1920s by shoe-designer 5463: 5249: 5135: 5112: 5081: 5064: 4821: 4788: 4775: 4534: 4279: 4269: 4251: 4203: 4134: 4114: 4086: 4015: 3903: 3859: 3489: 3016: 1708:

the city experienced a year-long German occupation (1943–1944) being part of the

1682: 1623: 1475: 1467: 1372:

industry: in 1345 Florence was the scene of an attempted strike by wool combers (

1066: 756: 752: 696: 680: 162: 13491: 11908: 9223: 8697:"Florence, Italy: Tourist Travel Guide for Holidays in Florence, Firenze, Italy" 7555: 5852:

Other squares include the Piazza San Marco, the Piazza Santa Maria Novella, the

5592:

located in front of the cathedral, is decorated by numerous artists, notably by

13846: 13471: 13376: 13371: 13356: 13296: 13271: 12563: 12239: 12021: 11747: 11569: 11481: 10993: 8789:"Study Abroad in Florence Italy – Florentine artisan courses for school groups" 7174: 7159: 6788: 6739: 6668: 6566: 6548: 6460: 6322: 6317:

since 1976. Several American universities host a campus in Florence, including

5934: 5570: 5565:, large collections of costumes, ceremonial carriages, silver, porcelain and a 5523: 5127: 5108: 5015: 4470: 4283: 4227: 4219: 4034: 3962: 3954: 3871: 3851: 3827: 3617: 3027: 1580: 1571:. The Medici's monarchy would last over two centuries. Alessandro's successor, 1446:, Piero II chose to resist his army. But when he realised the size of the 1443: 1428: 1358: 1109: 1089: 840: 793: 13163: 9751: 8061: 7558:

Dizionario di toponomastica: storia e significato dei nomi geografici italiani

7264: 6282:

and Lancietti Passaleva Giordo and Associates designed this new rail station.

4606: 3597:

The municipality of Florence is subdivided into five administrative Boroughs (

1693: 1642:. The Bourbon-Parma were deposed in December 1807 when Tuscany was annexed by 1327:

which entrenched the power of the elite guilds until the end of the Republic.

13820: 13760: 13700: 13396: 13311: 13018: 12353: 12308: 12224: 12204: 12162: 12137: 12104: 11999: 11624: 11554: 11517: 11347: 11044: 10888: 10871: 10814: 10661:

Florence at the Dawn of the Renaissance: Painting and Illumination, 1300–1500

7729: 7106: 7044: 6942: 6727: 6681: 6621: 6533: 6527: 6472: 6350: 6053: 5817:

café has long been a meeting place for artists and writers, notably those of

5685: 5645: 5613: 5519: 5307: 5277: 5218: 5085: 5077: 4870: 4456: 4449: 4373: 4363: 4347: 4326: 4235: 4211: 4177: 4146: 4094: 4038: 3985: 3915: 3863: 3812: 3800: 3780: 2287: 1721: 1193: 739: 333: 320: 192: 118: 9686: 8149: 7346: 6309:

in 1349. In 2019, over 50,000 students were enrolled at the university. The

3387: 13198: 12733: 12267: 12117: 12007: 11991: 11692: 11109: 10981: 10846: 9484:"Become a friend of Palazzo Strozzi – Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi – Firenze" 8168: 7535:"Paris Towers Over World of Fashion as Top Global Fashion Capital for 2015" 7078: 6936: 6889: 6798: 6769: 6712: 6685: 6662: 6650: 6599: 6500: 6430: 5993: 5637: 5554: 5115:—the most powerful family in Florence from the 15th to the 18th centuries. 4941: 4825: 4746: 4689: 4677: 4593: 4346:, whose non-Christian beliefs damned him to Hell. Later on he is joined by 4074: 4058: 4054: 3958: 3855: 3843: 3804: 3796: 3756: 3715: 3706: 3649: 3511: 3484: 1538: 1408: 1380:. After their suppression, Florence came under the sway (1382–1434) of the 848: 140: 13133: 12978: 12763: 10652:

History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance

10633:

History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance

9924: 8539: 8497: 7224: 7202: 5880:, a luxurious street in the city centre that goes from Antinori square to 5214:, although some have been replaced with copies to preserve the originals. 1434:

Following Lorenzo de' Medici's death in 1492, he was succeeded by his son

1245:

In centuries to come, the city experienced turbulent alternate periods of

1108:. They similarly financed the papacy, including the construction of their 13436: 13411: 13249: 13174: 12873: 12640: 12539: 12511: 12395: 12299: 12262: 12254: 11677: 10881: 9589: 9587: 9462:"Florence Art Gallery: Art Galleries and Museums in Florence Area, Italy" 7717: 6912: 6853: 6572: 5983: 5737: 5550: 5203: 4933: 4624: 4474: 4434: 4378: 4335: 4239: 4150: 3867: 3591: 3149: 3144: 3012: 1447: 1365: 1258: 1128: 1081: 676: 672: 409: 13128: 10547:

Travellers Florence & Tuscany, 3rd: Guides to Destinations Worldwide

7966:"Italian Art Restorers Used Bacteria to Clean Michelangelo Masterpieces" 7772: 6081: 5549:, which concentrates on sculpture works by artists including Donatello, 5180:(now replaced by a replica, since the original was moved in 1873 to the 4913: 1490:

leading to a more democratic rule. But when Savonarola publicly accused

1407:

in 1469. Lorenzo was a great patron of the arts, commissioning works by

1376:), who in 1378 rose up in a brief revolt against oligarchic rule in the 13341: 13068: 12723: 12552: 12381: 12333: 12272: 12100: 12061: 11981: 11812: 11712: 10834: 10760: 9342: 9249: 9024:"Florence mayor aims to keep picnicking tourists at bay with hosepipes" 7901:"Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere" 6984: 6632: 6243: 5997: 5982:

Since 2017 Florence is also represented in Eccellenza, the top tier of

5451: 5405: 5391:

Florence contains several palaces and buildings from various eras. The

5281: 4803: 4666: 4641: 4477:, played and held chords while the singer sang/spoke the monodic line. 4231: 4130: 3689: 3502: 3457: 3392: 3209: 3204: 2993: 1841: 1829: 1655: 1603: 1526: 1512: 1296: 1277: 1246: 1198: 13208: 13038: 10696: 9584: 8918:"Where in Europe are you Most Likely to be a Victim of Pickpocketing?" 8792: 8360:

The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change

6056:

companies. The transit companies also accommodate travellers from the

5184:) was installed in front of the Palazzo della Signoria (also known as 95: 13441: 13386: 13366: 13351: 13291: 13156: 12993: 12913: 12908: 12833: 12813: 12743: 12630: 12490: 12454: 12367:

Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale

12184: 12180: 12085: 11722: 11184: 10136: 9827: 9712: 6879: 6861: 6823: 6594: 6543: 6539: 6112: 6029: 5893: 5860:. The centre additionally contains several streets. Such include the 5805:

Aside from such monuments, Florence contains numerous major squares (

5660:, in the Oltrarno district of Florence, which is the location of the 5199: 4697: 4654: 4637: 4629: 4533:. The city is home to renowned Italian actors and actresses, such as 4154: 4046: 3788: 3711: 3519: 3515: 3497:

Food and wine have long been an important staple of the economy. The

3465: 3169: 3164: 3008: 3004: 2999:

As of 2009, 87.46% of the population was Italian. An estimated 6,000

1752: 1713: 1392: 491: 12988: 12788: 10654:(Frederick Ungar, 1936) is the standard overall history of Florence. 10581:

The Building of Renaissance Florence: An Economic and Social History

9735:

Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing

9631:"Assassin's Creed II - The magic of the Renaissance in a video game" 9413: 9075:"Winners of the European Capitals of Smart Tourism 2022 competition" 8844:

Poinelli, Ezio; Trakas, Themis; Brivio, Filippo (27 February 2017).

8062:"University Study Center, Florence « The GI University Project" 7203:"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011" 7026: 6384: 6374: 4652:

frequently features in Florentine courses, especially in its soups,

748:

ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world in 2010.

13740: 13675: 13416: 13321: 13316: 13183: 13138: 13118: 13063: 12943: 12778: 12773: 12535: 12517: 12304: 12096: 12079: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11792: 11737: 11727: 10750: 10175:, Tramvia page of Florence's city government web site (in Italian). 7002: 6930: 6883: 6867: 6813: 6706: 6644: 5818: 5736:, located in the centre of the city on the eponymous street, is an 5665: 5609: 5546: 5325: 5042: 4873:. During the day of Easter, a cart, which the Florentines call the 4798: 4707: 4681: 4427: 4354: 4181: 4138: 4122: 4050: 3949:

Florentine architects such as Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1466) and

3835: 3723: 3624: 3473: 3453: 2977: 1729: 1635: 1584: 1299:

of Florentine art began around this time. In 1100, Florence was a "

1254: 1070: 783: 700: 387: 13690: 13023: 10435:

Dennis Libby and Carlo Vitali (2002). "Turcotti, Maria Giustina".

10346:"Association of American College and University Programs in Italy" 8236:

MeteoAM.it! Il portale Italiano della Meteorologia (20 May 2005).

7582:"History of Italian Language: From the Origins to the Present Day" 6227:, a masterpiece of the military Renaissance architecture, and the 4840:, where major luxury fashion houses and jewellery labels, such as 4308: 1610:

The extinction of the Medici dynasty and the accession in 1737 of

13805: 13785: 13775: 13770: 13750: 13735: 13730: 13705: 13680: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13619: 13609: 13599: 13594: 13568: 13466: 13381: 13331: 13250: 13178: 13078: 12973: 12963: 12928: 12848: 12803: 12798: 12693: 12663: 12548: 12531: 12523: 12485: 12436: 12421: 12338: 12286: 12090: 12003: 11877: 11872: 11842: 11782: 11752: 11742: 11707: 11682: 10215:

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a

10061:"Florence Driving Map, the ZTL explained : Florence on Line" 9814:

Brunelleschi's Dome, The Story of the great Cathedral of Florence

8623:"Economy of Florence twice the national average – The Florentine" 7056: 6924: 6894: 6873: 6721: 6314: 6263: 6063:

Since 1 November 2021, the public local transport is operated by

5938: 5829:, it is a rectangular square in the centre of the city where the 5636:, in the Oltrarno quarter, facing the square with the same name; 5558: 5341: 4845: 4142: 4102: 4026: 3937: 3768: 3719: 3631: 3506: 3342: 3289: 3284: 3229: 3224: 3189: 3184: 3129: 3124: 3069: 3064: 3020: 2989: 2970: 1833: 1825: 1767:

and British troops on 4 August 1944 alongside partisans from the

1748: 1101: 864: 661: 463: 365: 13003: 12948: 10350:

Association of American College and University Programs in Italy

9858: 9339:"Auxologia: Graziella Magherini: La Sindrome di Stendhal (book)" 8696: 6630:(1469-1527), poet, philosopher and political thinker, author of 4807:

Luxury boutiques along Florence's prestigious Via de' Tornabuoni

4338:

composed their most important works. Dante's masterpiece is the

1454: 13795: 13765: 13720: 13710: 13685: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13629: 13624: 13558: 13461: 13426: 13406: 13326: 13255: 13108: 13098: 13093: 13083: 13053: 13048: 12883: 12828: 12783: 12768: 12753: 12703: 12683: 12673: 12643: 12610: 12527: 12313: 12234: 12214: 12170: 12147: 12142: 12053: 11977: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11857: 11847: 11817: 11802: 11797: 11732: 11702: 10927: 10371:"Special Note : Professor Silpa Bhirasri's Life and Works" 9798: 8037:"Agosto 1944: la battaglia di Firenze « Storia di Firenze" 7038: 7020: 7008: 6972: 6966: 6900: 6587:(1267–1337), early 14th-century painter, sculptor and architect 6584: 5562: 5011: 4841: 4833: 4649: 4645: 4466: 4444: 4343: 4173: 4030: 3942: 3772: 3699: 3461: 3372: 3338: 3309: 3304: 3026:

Much like the rest of Italy most of the people in Florence are

1700:

cemetery, burial place of notable figures of Florentine history

1377: 1257:

rule in the 6th century and Florence was in turn conquered by

1227: 1207: 1093: 744: 735: 719: 585: 517: 496: 146: 74: 10944: 10601:

The City of Florence: Historical Vistas and Personal Sightings

9246:"Uffizi Gallery Florence • Uffizi Museum • Ticket Reservation" 4696:

on top. Most of these courses are generally served with local

4242:. There is also a collection of works by the modern sculptor, 3329:

In 2013, Florence was listed as the second best world city by

616: 13800: 13790: 13745: 13725: 13715: 13614: 13573: 13563: 13542: 13456: 13149: 12958: 12938: 12898: 12863: 12858: 12818: 12653: 12290: 12229: 12057: 11972: 11960: 11822: 11787: 11777: 11772: 11687: 11659: 10434: 10211: 9867:"Florence Art Tours, Florence Museums, Florence Architecture" 9317:"Inner court of Pitti Palace (Palazzo Pitti), Florence Italy" 8769:

Tourists spend more than ever before on cultural destinations

8671:"La classifica dei redditi nei comuni capoluogo di provincia" 8462:

Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective

8336:"Florence, Italy – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data" 8314:"Florence, Italy - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data" 7750: 6978: 6948: 6918: 6603: 6419: 6267: 6088: 6049: 5987: 5360: 4829: 4817: 4615: 4589: 4585: 4439: 4433:

Opera was invented in Florence in the late 16th century when

3775:, the fathers of Italian painting, lived in Florence, as did 3364: 3269: 3264: 3249: 3244: 3089: 3084: 2985: 1666: 1579:

in 1569; in all Tuscany, only the Republic of Lucca (later a

1303:", meaning a city-state. The city's primary resource was the 1292: 1269:. The population began to grow again and commerce prospered. 1266: 1223: 1171: 1124: 1034: 657: 613: 353: 9828:"Historic Centre of Florence – UNESCO World Heritage Centre" 5752:, which was inaugurated on 17 May 1862 with a production of 4278:), spoken by inhabitants of Florence and its environs, is a 4141:. Artists from other regions who worked in Florence include 3972:

Florence has a large number of art-filled churches, such as

1503:

on 23 May 1498. His ashes were dispersed in the Arno river.

1088:—financed the development of industry all over Europe, from 13589: 13537: 13193: 13008: 12923: 12843: 12219: 11767: 11697: 8896:"Euromonitor International's Top City Destinations Ranking" 8092: 7014: 6954: 6906: 5569:

dating from the 18th century. Adjoining the palace are the

5488:, which houses the museum of the Old Florentine House; the 5093: 4553:

Florence has appeared as a location in video games such as

3930:. The city is so rich in art that some visitors experience 3452:'s 2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism award along with 3109: 3104: 2550: 1873: 1725: 1634:

in 1801. From 1801 to 1807 Florence was the capital of the

1534: 1395:

network along with his alliance to the new immigrants, the

1369: 1316: 1304: 1203: 1175: 1139:

and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France.

1120: 1104:. Florentine bankers financed the English kings during the 1097: 10085: 7765:

Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society

7292:. Search.barnesandnoble.com. 23 April 2009. Archived from 5888:, characterised by the presence of fashion boutiques; the 3433:

world, with over 4.95 million arrivals for the year.

2973:. Between 1500 and 1650 the population was around 70,000. 12481:

Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries

7871:

Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Identity of Leonardo's Model

6563:(born Francesco Puccioni, 1961–2009), singer and composer 5848:

Replica of David and other statues, Piazza della Signoria

5644:, a Roman Catholic basilica and the mother church of the 5383: 10525:

The Society of Renaissance Florence: A Documentary Study

10396: 9295:"Palace of Bargello (Bargello's Palace), Florence Italy" 8946:"Florence: A Record Year for the Tourism Industry – .TR" 8941: 8871:"Florence: A Record Year for the Tourism Industry – .TR" 8866: 7639:"The Architects and Origins Behind the Italian Language" 7608:"History of the Italian language: the literary language" 6693:(1820–1910), pioneer of modern nursing, and statistician 4700:, also a prime product enjoying a worldwide reputation. 4636:, sliced bread rounds topped with a chicken liver-based 3030:, with more than 90% of the population belonging to the 3019:): 2.17%, the Americas: 1.41%, and North Africa (mostly 1170:, which was established in 1861, moved its capital from 9533: 9531: 9529: 9527: 8519:

Chinese immigrants to Italy build no ordinary Chinatown

7612:

Scuole d'italiano per stranieri Società Dante Alighieri

6136: 5573:, elaborately landscaped and with numerous sculptures. 5088:). Although the original bridge was constructed by the 4664:, or in the salad of bread and fresh vegetables called 1403:, who was, soon after, succeeded by Cosimo's grandson, 1174:

to Florence in 1865, although the capital was moved to

1046:

View of Florence by Hartmann Schedel, published in 1493

12153:

City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto

10345: 10217:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

9774:"Conde Nast Traveller's guide to shopping in Florence" 9737:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. 9539:"Literature in Florence, Florentine Writers and Poets" 8971:"Italian hotspots struggling with 'too many tourists'" 5748:), originally built as the open-air amphitheatre, the 5476:

There are several other notable places, including the

4968:

Florence is known as the "cradle of the Renaissance" (

4760:

Florentines were one of the driving forces behind the

718:

The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and

9049:"Florence is hosing down monuments to deter tourists" 8595:"Florence plans 'mega-mosque' for Muslim worshippers" 8264:"WMO Climate Normals for 1991–2020: PiacenzaSDamiano" 8186:"World map of Köppen – Geiger Climate Classification" 7606:

Alighieri, Scuole d'italiano Dante (9 October 2018).

7405:"storia della lingua in 'Enciclopedia dell'Italiano'" 5765: 4877:

and which is led by four white oxen, is taken to the

4584:

16th century Florence is the setting of the Japanese

1739:

1/5 Mahratta Light Infantry, Florence, 28 August 1944

628: 619: 607: 9524: 9098: 8843: 8714: 8617: 8615: 8424: 8238:"MeteoAM.it! Il portale Italiano della Meteorologia" 8088:"Fiesole from the River Mugnone outside of Florence" 7068: 6797:(1454-1512), explorer and cartographer, namesake of 3586:, nominated and presided over by a directly elected 1602:

and his family. Leopold was, from 1765 to 1790, the

610: 13832:

Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Florence

12417:

Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)

9776:. Cntraveller.com. 11 November 2009. Archived from 9564: 9562: 9560: 9558: 9556: 6760:, film director. Lived in the city during his exile 6349:Center for Italian Renaissance Studies is based in 604: 13862:Populated places established in the 1st century BC 10630: 10598: 10522: 9180:"The Power of the Past with Bill Moyers: Florence" 8465:. Presses de l'Universite du Quebec. p. 311. 7868: 7866: 7835: 7372: 7231:. Select: Italia Centrale/Toscana/Firenze/Firenze. 5971:Florence was one of the host cities for cycling's 5837:, a square near the Arno that mark the end of the 5740:built in the 17th century. Another theatre is the 5604:, located in Santa Maria Novella square (near the 5076:One of the bridges in particular stands out – the 4869:("Explosion of the Cart") is a celebration of the 3448:In October 2021, Florence was shortlisted for the 3348: 13521: 11938: 9869:. Travelguide.affordabletours.com. Archived from 8612: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 6305:was first founded in 1321, and was recognized by 5512:, and the Royal building of Santa Maria Novella. 5130:and political changes were staged here, such as: 4330:(1306–1321) and Petrarch, but also poets such as 4180:. Two superb collections of sculpture are in the 3945:is the 10th most visited art museum in the world. 3894:. Several monuments are located in Florence: the 1872:, while relief rainfall dominates in the winter. 13818: 12593: 9553: 8554: 6581:, Italian physicist, astronomer, and philosopher 6481:, agronomist and development cooperation scholar 5833:is played every year. Furthermore, there is the 2984:of Florence. The Metropolitan Area of Florence, 1820:Florence lies in a basin formed by the hills of 1384:family, who became bitter rivals of the Medici. 1065:. Thanks especially to the works of the Tuscans 8268:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7527: 7336:. Akron, Ohio: The Werner Company, 1907: p. 675 6032:to accomplish the contract stipulated with the 5401:of Florence and also an art museum. This large 5166:instigated by the Dominican friar and preacher 3648:The former Italian Prime Minister (2014–2016), 3428:Tourists and restaurant in the Piazza del Duomo 2557:Source 2: Servizio Meteorologico Weather Atlas 11654: 7994:"The Time When Jesus Was The King Of Florence" 7419: 7347:"Florence | History, Geography, & Culture" 5664:, housing outstanding Renaissance frescoes by 5340:The city of Florence as seen from the hill of 3934:as they encounter its art for the first time. 3791:and Masaccio, forefathers of the Renaissance, 1466:being hanged and burned in 1498. The brooding 1330: 30:"Firenze" redirects here. For other uses, see 13507: 13235: 12579: 12190:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme 11924: 11640: 10712: 9654: 8995: 8571: 8458: 8306: 7560:(in Italian). Turin: UTET. pp. 322–323. 7163: 7140:Category:Buildings and structures in Florence 6848:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy 6841: 6612:(1858–1901), baroness, writer, philanthropist 6503:Buonarroti, sculptor, painter, author of the 5776: 5728:(Savoy Cinema-Theatre), yet was later called 5536: 5392: 5355:Florence Duomo as seen from Michelangelo hill 5247: 5185: 5062: 5034:at the terminus of a still functioning Roman 4949: 4469:which indicated the combination of voice and 3834:with the paintings of the "Golden Ages", the 3641:All of the five boroughs are governed by the 1455:Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the Medici popes 771: 481: 385: 72: 53: 10230:"Grandi Stazioni – Firenze S. Maria Novella" 10159:"Tramvia – Il Sistema Tramviario Fiorentino" 9893:"Touring Club Italiano – Dossier Musei 2009" 8996:Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (6 December 2015). 8778:(for 2004–2005) at Euromonitor International 8568:. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 7 October 2016. 5295:Florence at night from Piazzale Michelangelo 5084:linking the Uffizi to the Medici residence ( 4021:Artists associated with Florence range from 3838:with the sculptures of the Renaissance, the 1234:: illumination from the Chigi manuscript of 730:in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, 10578: 10261:. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Archived from 9414:"brunelleschi's dome – Brunelleschi's Dome" 9153:. Boston: Clark Baxtor. pp. 417, 421. 8390: 8363:. Princeton University Press. p. 132. 8206: 7963: 6213:Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station 5606:Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station 4753:, or the Natural History Museum of Florence 3918:; monasteries, cloisters, refectories; the 3561:The 5 administrative boroughs of the whole 3479: 1291:chose Florence as his residency instead of 1084:, Florentine money—in the form of the gold 792:, in turn a name conveying good luck, from 787: 777: 13514: 13500: 13242: 13228: 12586: 12572: 12471:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps 11931: 11917: 11647: 11633: 10719: 10705: 10543: 10198:"Firenze Public Transportation Statistics" 9510:"Vocabolario del fiorentino contemporaneo" 8356: 8188:. koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at. April 2006 7753:in 1284 and subjugated by Florence in 1406 7205:. Italian National Institute of Statistics 6836: 5361:Monuments, museums and religious buildings 4293:(Dictionary of Modern Florentine) reveals 4172:Picture galleries in Florence include the 3783:, renewers of architecture and sculpture; 3601:). Each borough is governed by a Council ( 3505:grapes figure prominently not only in its 2980:estimates that 696,767 people live in the 1590: 10451:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O002685 9799:Calcio Storico Fiorentino (Official site) 9438:. Europe.travelonline.com. Archived from 9021: 8744:"15 Best Things to Do in Florence, Italy" 8583:. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved 7 October 2016. 8139: 8064:. Giuniversity.wordpress.com. 4 July 2010 7636: 7605: 5975:. The city has also hosted stages of the 5600:. Other churches in Florence include the 5535:is another gallery, built connecting the 5428:, it was also given several other names: 5014:. The centre of the city is contained in 1816:Florence with snow cover in December 2009 12283:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park 12128:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles 10959: 10820:Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia 10628: 10407: 9388:"The Duomo of Florence | Tripleman" 9273:Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel 9222:. library.thinkquest.org. Archived from 8281: 6403: 6393: 6383: 6373: 6289: 6149: 6094: 6080: 5918: 5843: 5796: 5786: 5575: 5514: 5382: 5374: 4912: 4851: 4802: 4740: 4736: 4717: 4605: 4411: 4307: 4291:Vocabolario del fiorentino contemporaneo 4163: 4010: 3936: 3751: 3740: 3684: 3483: 3423: 3386: 1811: 1742: 1734: 1692: 1594: 1458: 1349: 1276: 1217: 1041: 10726: 10657: 10641: 10587: 10520: 10511: 10200:. Global Public Transit Index by Moovit 9148: 9092: 8452: 8418: 8384: 8215:] (in Italian). Florence: Pagnini. 8113: 7688: 7507: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7370: 5684:; as well as several others, including 5030:(1563–1565), which is a masterpiece of 1769:Tuscan Committee of National Liberation 1230:razes the walls of Florence during the 14: 13819: 12013:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy 10619: 10590:The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall 10472: 10470: 10187:, Knowledge article "Florence tramway" 10015:from the original on 28 September 2013 9973:"UCI confirms 2013 WorldTour calendar" 9683:"Polo Scientifico di Sesto Fiorentino" 9331: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9144: 9142: 9116: 9114: 8350: 8082: 7833: 7762: 7246:, Laurence King Publishing, 2005, p.79 7242:Paoletti, John T. and Radke, Gary M., 6997:Florence has friendly relations with: 5964:, and the technical department of the 5750:Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele 4688:, sliced rare beef served on a bed of 4297:distinctions from all walks of life. 3613:(Historic Centre); population: 67,170; 3545:The traditional boroughs of the whole 3375:due to high profits and productivity. 2732: 1506:Another Florentine of this period was 429:102.32 km (39.51 sq mi) 13495: 13223: 12567: 11912: 11628: 10700: 10596: 10411:Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800 10395:Bilancio demografico anno 2013, dati 9864: 9628: 9120: 8592: 8578:"Metropolitan Archdiocese of Firenze" 8431:. Taylor & Francis. p. 141. 8207:Borchi, Emilio; Macii, Renzo (2011). 7643:Italian Sons and Daughters of America 7168: 6992: 6166:Galileo Galilei International Airport 5954:Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano 5746:Teatro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino 5680:with statues by Michelangelo, in the 5111:, a complex of burial chapels of the 4563:also appears as a playable nation in 4371:. Boccaccio was better known for his 3892:Museo dell'Opificio delle Pietre Dure 3862:with sculptures by Michelangelo, the 3652:, served as mayor from 2009 to 2014. 3040:Foreign-born population (31.12.2019) 1345: 1159:in 1569 and ending with the death of 643: 9865:Miner, Jennifer (2 September 2008). 9486:. Palazzostrozzi.org. Archived from 8428:Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology 8256: 7991: 7464: 6785:(c. 1700 – after 1763), opera singer 6575:, notable bankers and wine producers 6363: 6175: 6137:Florence public transport statistics 6044:Intercity bus transit is run by the 5490:Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali 5474:, with the library and reading room. 5162:In 1497, it was the location of the 4856: 4713: 4254:is the site of special exhibitions. 1272: 1213: 751:Florence plays an important role in 12175:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 10830:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze 10644:Public Life in Renaissance Florence 10637:. New York, Harcourt, Brace and Co. 10573:A Traveller's Companion to Florence 10544:Chamberlin, Russell (22 May 2008). 10467: 10401: 10389: 10363: 10322:. Foster + Partners. Archived from 10293:. Comune di Firenze. Archived from 10232:. Grandistazioni.it. Archived from 10108:"Guida al primo giorno di servizio" 9659:. welcometuscany.it. Archived from 9248:. Virtualuffizi.com. Archived from 9167: 9139: 9111: 8561:"Archdiocese of Firenze {Florence}" 7875:. Florence, Italy: Skira. pp. 7785: 6791:, painter, architect, and historian 6665:(1519–1594), historian and humanist 5872:, winding parallel to via Roma and 4751:Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze 3590:. The current mayor of Florence is 3501:is just south of the city, and its 24: 10967:Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore 10424:from the original on 4 March 2016. 10373:. journal.su.ac.th. Archived from 9825: 9685:. Polosci.unifi.it. Archived from 7842:. et al. Time-Life Books. p. 7537:. Languagemonitor.com. 6 July 2017 6754:(1416–1480), organist and composer 6551:(1929–2006), journalist and author 6171: 6111:) with the southwestern suburb of 5960:, the main training ground of the 5766:Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore 5379:Baptistry, cathedral and campanile 4768:, a student of Brunelleschi, that 4731:Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche 3637:Q5 – Rifredi; population: 103,761. 2727: 1630:dynasty, who were deposed for the 1533:, both of whom would later become 1147:and gave birth to the future King 25: 13873: 10692: 9319:. ItalyGuides.it. 28 October 2006 9297:. ItalyGuides.it. 28 October 2006 9022:Giuffrida, Angela (31 May 2017). 8791:. Florenceart.net. Archived from 8593:Italy, The Local (7 April 2016). 7964:Davis-Marks, Isis (2 June 2021). 7838:The World of Giotto: c. 1267–1337 7694:Florence: The Biography of a City 7485:. 4 February 1952. Archived from 6003: 5973:2013 UCI Road World Championships 4900: 4350:, who guides him through Heaven. 3729:Expulsion from the Garden of Eden 1840:and Bellosguardo (Florence). The 997:United Provinces of Central Italy 13480: 12372:Archaeological Area of Agrigento 10943: 10579:Goldthwaite, Richard A. (1982). 10478:"Gemellaggi e patti di amicizia" 10428: 10338: 10312: 10280: 10248: 10222: 10210: 10190: 10178: 10151: 10133:"Arriva La Tramvia (in Italian)" 10125: 10100: 10078: 10053: 10027: 9991: 9965: 9939: 9917: 9885: 9845: 9819: 9806: 9792: 9766: 9740: 9727: 9711:. Area.fi.cnr.it. Archived from 9701: 9675: 9271:Peter Barenboim, Sergey Shiyan, 8673:. Il Sole 24 ORE. Archived from 8536:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT" 8494:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT" 8114:Dinelli, Enrico (January 2005). 8019:"July 3, 1944 newspaper archive" 7822:Decameron Web, Boccaccio, Plague 7508:Kiladze, Tim (22 January 2010). 7130:List of historic states of Italy 7099: 7085: 7071: 6806:, (1846-1905), landscape painter 6557:, fashion designer and shoemaker 6313:has been based in the suburb of 6180: 5348: 5333: 5314: 5300: 5288: 5270: 5258: 5240: 5225: 4723:UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre 3554: 3538: 3303: 3283: 3263: 3243: 3223: 3203: 3183: 3163: 3143: 3123: 3103: 3083: 3063: 1716:on 3 July 1944 as troops of the 1587:were independent from Florence. 1181: 1027: 1014: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 732:Renaissance art and architecture 600: 289: 288: 281: 256: 255: 248: 219: 207: 185: 169: 155: 139: 125: 111: 94: 12045:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan 10622:A History of Florence 1200–1575 9750:. Gbgiorgini.it. Archived from 9648: 9622: 9605: 9596: 9502: 9476: 9454: 9428: 9406: 9390:. tripleman.com. Archived from 9380: 9358: 9309: 9287: 9264: 9238: 9212: 9186: 9067: 9041: 9015: 8989: 8963: 8935: 8910: 8888: 8860: 8837: 8807: 8781: 8762: 8736: 8689: 8663: 8641: 8586: 8538:. Demo.istat.it. Archived from 8528: 8512: 8496:. Demo.istat.it. Archived from 8486: 8425:Chant, C.; Goodman, D. (2005). 8328: 8229: 8200: 8178: 8107: 8076: 8054: 8029: 8011: 7985: 7957: 7932: 7907: 7893: 7860: 7827: 7814: 7779: 7756: 7743: 7710: 7682: 7656: 7630: 7599: 7574: 7549: 7510:"World's Most Beautiful Cities" 7501: 7450:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 7397: 7364: 6233:Basilica of Santa Maria Novella 5602:Basilica of Santa Maria Novella 3349:Industry, commerce and services 2713: 1688: 1568:Duke of the Florentine Republic 1313:double-entry bookkeeping system 1054:, it was the birthplace of the 821:For a chronological guide, see 269:Location of Florence in Tuscany 12460:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo 12050:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont 10842:National Archaeological Museum 10605:. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 10529:. New York, Harper & Row. 9999:"General Information Bulletin" 9748:"The birth of italian fashion" 8649:"The world best cities are..." 8084:Turner, Joseph Mallord William 7992:Ryan, Billy (19 August 2020). 7477:"Fashion: Italy's Renaissance" 7339: 7322: 7308: 7282: 7265:"Bilancio demografico mensile" 7257: 7235: 7217: 7152: 6730:(born 1950), children's author 6717:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 5408:fortress-palace overlooks the 4957: 4670:that is served in summer. The 4579: 4548: 1600:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 1110:provisional capital of Avignon 755:, and is ranked in the top 15 27:Largest city in Tuscany, Italy 13: 1: 13261:Metropolitan City of Florence 11940:World Heritage Sites in Italy 11292:British Institute of Florence 10588:Hibbert, Christopher (1999). 9196:. learner.org. Archived from 8209:La neve a Firenze (1874–2010) 7800:10.1016/S0304-4181(02)00002-7 7188: 7125:European University Institute 6773: 6524:(1940–2024), fashion designer 6505:ceiling of the Sistine Chapel 6370:Category:People from Florence 6311:European University Institute 5933:, Florence is represented by 5825:is another; dominated by the 5720:, built in the 19th century. 4795:Fashion designers of Florence 4303: 4208:National Archeological Museum 3675:Italian Renaissance sculpture 3525: 1650:of the French département of 656:) is the capital city of the 12595:European Capitals of Culture 12032:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica 11863:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 10857:Palazzo dell'Arte dei Beccai 10825:Museo Nazionale di San Marco 10642:Trexler, Richard C. (1991). 10629:Schevill, Ferdinand (1936). 9709:"Florence CNR Research Area" 9629:Ponce, Javier (1 May 2017). 8240:. Meteoam.it. Archived from 8213:Snow in Florence (1874–2010) 7696:. Penguin Books. p. 4. 7328:Spencer Baynes, L.L.D., and 6602:(1881–1953), founder of the 6491:, 19th-century English poets 6285: 6266:area (Faentina railway) and 6115:. This line is 7.4 km ( 5367:List of churches in Florence 5157:Giuliano di Piero de' Medici 4610:Florentine steak in Florence 4494:The Girl Who Couldn't Say No 4224:Museo Nazionale di San Marco 3924:Museo Archeologico Nazionale 3815:and the universal genius of 3570:The legislative body of the 3011:): 3.52%, East Asia (mostly 1807: 1552:Holy Roman Emperor Charles V 1261:in 774 becoming part of the 766: 7: 13827:Cities and towns in Tuscany 13432:San Casciano in Val di Pesa 11160:S Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi 11105:Oratory of S Thomas Aquinas 10658:Sciacca, Christine (2012). 10288:"Descrizione Della Linea 2" 9855:. Retrieved 25 August 2020. 9464:. Florence.world-guides.com 8846:"In Focus: Florence, Italy" 7867:Pallanti, Giuseppe (2006). 7788:Journal of Medieval History 7379:. New York: Wiley. p. 7135:List of squares in Florence 7064: 5966:Italian Football Federation 5718:Great Synagogue of Florence 5580:The façade of the Cathedral 4999:historic centre of Florence 4704:schiacciata alla fiorentina 4640:, and sliced meats (mainly 4257: 2360:Average precipitation days 2146:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2006:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1883:Climate data for Florence ( 1795:G. I. American Universities 1522:, the history of the city. 1331:Middle Ages and Renaissance 1123:in the early 16th century: 724:Historic Centre of Florence 458:3,600/km (9,300/sq mi) 10: 13878: 13852:Capitals of former nations 11591:Maggio Musicale Fiorentino 11307:Kunsthistorisches Institut 11145:S Giovannino dei Cavalieri 11140:S Giovannino degli Scolopi 11100:Oratory of Gesù Pellegrino 11080:Battistero di San Giovanni 11050:Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel 10941: 10810:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo 10550:. Thomas Cook Publishing. 10496: 10256:"Report Quindiciale N. 17" 9099:Oxford Companion to Wine. 7637:johndeike (3 March 2021). 6845: 6842:Twin towns – sister cities 6821:(1479–1542), model of the 6489:Elizabeth Barrett Browning 6367: 6294:Rectorate's auditorium of 6145: 6074: 5780: 5777:Squares, streets and parks 5608:) which contains works by 5364: 5216: 5082:Vasari's elevated corridor 4980:, whose dome was built by 4961: 4906: 4887:Battistero di San Giovanni 4881:between the Baptistery of 4792: 4786: 4782: 4766:Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli 4601: 4405: 4399: 4267: 4261: 4186:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo 3884:Museo dell'Opera del Duomo 3678: 3671:Florentine Renaissance art 3664: 3655: 3532:List of mayors of Florence 3529: 3382: 3320: 2706: 2616:Mean daily daylight hours 2567:Climate data for Florence 2566: 2556: 2548: 1882: 1847: 1759:Florence was liberated by 1720:closed in. Except for the 1583:) and the Principality of 1334: 1185: 820: 814: 810: 29: 13638: 13582: 13551: 13530: 13478: 13337:Figline e Incisa Valdarno 13267: 12601: 12506: 12409: 12352: 12253: 12179:Etruscan Necropolises of 12161: 12070: 11946: 11666: 11604: 11586:Calcio storico fiorentino 11578: 11510: 11469: 11448: 11427: 11384: 11356: 11325: 11274: 11223: 11203: 11065: 10952: 10738: 10521:Brucker, Gene A. (1971). 10512:Brucker, Gene A. (1983). 10039:Italy Perfect Travel Blog 7371:Brucker, Gene A. (1969). 6673:inventor of the telephone 6229:Viali di Circonvallazione 5979:, most recently in 2017. 5890:Viali di Circonvallazione 5537: 5424:, the ruling body of the 5393: 5248: 5186: 5063: 5004:centro storico di Firenze 4970:la culla del Rinascimento 4922:Calcio Storico Fiorentino 4480: 4443:an opera in the style of 3906:, the Palazzo Pitti, the 2958: 2745:— 2501: 2454: 2406: 2359: 2285: 2215: 2145: 2075: 2005: 1935: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1854:humid subtropical climate 1672:Vittorio Emanuele II 1654:from 1808 to the fall of 1550:1530, with the armies of 1295:around 1000 AD. The 671:Florence was a centre of 579: 571: 561: 548: 538: 528: 507: 490: 469: 462: 454: 446: 441: 433: 425: 420: 405: 400: 384: 371: 359: 349: 314: 242: 233: 203: 88: 83: 70: 48: 32:Florence (disambiguation) 13857:Former capitals of Italy 12278:Castel del Monte, Apulia 12040:of Piedmont and Lombardy 11497:Orto Botanico di Firenze 11317:National Central Library 10852:Ospedale degli Innocenti 10795:Loggia del Mercato Nuovo 10065:www.florence-on-line.com 9125:. Pearson. p. 296. 8294:. Servizio Meteorologico 7244:Art in Renaissance Italy 7145: 7051:Providence, Rhode Island 6099:Route map of the tramway 6070: 6058:Amerigo Vespucci Airport 6020: 5952:The city is home of the 5914: 5452:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo 5416:. Originally called the 4964:Architecture of Florence 4673:bistecca alla fiorentina 4500:Calmi Cuori Appassionati 4416:The Teatro della Pergola 4395: 4312:The introduction of the 4248:a museum named after him 3480:Food and wine production 3326:from the previous year. 1728:linking the district of 1712:. Hitler declared it an 1620:Maria Theresa of Austria 1474:During this period, the 1151:. The Medici reigned as 52: 43:Comune in Tuscany, Italy 36:Firenze (disambiguation) 12544:with 17 other countries 12401:Villa Romana del Casale 12391:Necropolis of Pantalica 12326:Royal Palace of Caserta 12123:Orto botanico di Padova 12114:Torre della Ghirlandina 11399:Piazza della Repubblica 11286:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 11095:Oratorio dei Vanchetoni 10916:Studiolo of Francesco I 10877:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 10766:Galleria dell'Accademia 10571:Chaney, Edward (2003), 10443:Oxford University Press 10441:. Oxford Music Online. 10408:Jeffares, Neil (2019). 9733:Frick, Carole Collier. 9416:. Brunelleschisdome.com 8898:. Euromonitor.com. 2016 8774:9 February 2010 at the 8150:10.2343/geochemj.39.531 8041:www.storiadifirenze.org 7668:Encyclopædia Britannica 7351:Encyclopedia Britannica 7334:Encyclopædia Britannica 6837:International relations 6783:Maria Giustina Turcotti 6748:(1925–1994), politician 6742:(1922–1984), politician 6653:, Florence-born actress 6008: 5874:Piazza della Repubblica 5827:Basilica of Santa Croce 5811:Piazza della Repubblica 5792:Piazza della Repubblica 5714:Santa Maria del Carmine 5658:Santa Maria del Carmine 5656:built in the city; the 5630:Basilica of San Lorenzo 5626:Basilica of Santa Croce 5590:San Giovanni Baptistery 5448:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 5182:Galleria dell'Accademia 5164:Bonfire of the vanities 4692:, often with slices of 4190:Galleria dell'Accademia 4127:Desiderio da Settignano 3990:Santa Maria del Carmine 3908:Palazzo Medici Riccardi 3880:Galleria d'Arte Moderna 3848:Galleria dell'Accademia 3824:the city's many museums 3032:Archdiocese of Florence 1710:Italian Social Republic 1676:Piazza della Repubblica 1591:18th and 19th centuries 1438:. When the French king 1161:Gian Gastone de' Medici 1080:Starting from the late 1022:Italian Social Republic 832:Historical affiliations 761:Global Language Monitor 437:50 m (160 ft) 12794:Santiago de Compostela 12330:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli 12210:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa 11282:Biblioteca Riccardiana 11180:S Salvatore al Vescovo 11130:S Frediano in Cestello 10894:Museo delle Porcellane 10664:. Getty Publications. 10597:Lewis, R.W.B. (1996). 10480:(in Italian). Florence 10320:"Florence TAV Station" 10135:. GEST. Archived from 9572:. Florenceholidays.com 9541:. Florenceholidays.com 9149:Kleiner, Fred (2013). 9121:Kagan, Donald (2013). 8724:. Travelandleisure.com 8565:Catholic-Hierarchy.org 8459:Tellier, L.N. (2009). 7834:Eimerl, Sarel (1967). 7718:"Cradle of capitalism" 7178: 7164: 7115:Chancellor of Florence 6764:Evangelista Torricelli 6497:(1377–1446), architect 6475:(1830–1909), architect 6443:Leone Battista Alberti 6425:Agnes of Montepulciano 6411: 6401: 6391: 6381: 6303:University of Florence 6298: 6296:University of Florence 6231:, and in front of the 6157: 6100: 6092: 6015:Zona Traffico Limitato 5947:Stadio Artemio Franchi 5926: 5924:Stadio Artemio Franchi 5849: 5802: 5794: 5581: 5527: 5418:Palazzo della Signoria 5388: 5380: 5124:Palazzo della Signoria 4950: 4924:("Historic Florentine 4918: 4808: 4754: 4725: 4611: 4417: 4320: 4200:tomb of Pope Julius II 4169: 4018: 3946: 3765: 3749: 3735:Madonna della Seggiola 3702: 3660: 3494: 3429: 3396: 3393:Fontana del Porcellino 3391:Tourists flock to the 2707:Source: Weather Atlas 1817: 1800:In November 1966, the 1756: 1740: 1701: 1632:House of Bourbon-Parma 1607: 1471: 1361: 1285: 1242: 1188:Florentia (Roman city) 1153:Grand Dukes of Tuscany 1047: 1039: 985:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 949:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 807:'to blossom'. 797: 788: 778: 772: 713:Francesco Guicciardini 640: 482: 477: 386: 73: 54: 13842:50s BC establishments 13447:Scarperia e San Piero 12446:Campello sul Clitunno 12118:Piazza Grande, Modena 11758:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 11609:Districts of Florence 11579:Events and traditions 11419:Piazzale Michelangelo 11404:Piazza della Signoria 11170:S Martino del Vescovo 10620:Najemy, John (2006). 10503:Niccolò Machiavelli. 10086:"Muoversi in Toscana" 9947:"FootballHistory.org" 9355:(excerpts in Italian) 9275:, SLOVO, Moscow, 2006 9220:"Renaissance Artists" 8922:Yourcoffeebreak.co.uk 8701:www.visitflorence.com 8397:. Brill. p. 48. 7915:"History of Florence" 7664:"History of Florence" 7093:European Union portal 6703:Valerio Profondavalle 6618:(1906–1986), sculptor 6433:, author and aesthete 6407: 6397: 6387: 6377: 6293: 6221:Piazza della Stazione 6153: 6098: 6084: 5994:Rari Nantes Florentia 5962:Italian national team 5943:Italian league system 5922: 5909:Giardino dei Semplici 5870:Piazza della Signoria 5847: 5800: 5790: 5710:Florence Charterhouse 5642:Santissima Annunziata 5586:Santa Maria del Fiore 5579: 5567:gallery of modern art 5518: 5410:Piazza della Signoria 5387:Piazzale degli Uffizi 5386: 5378: 5234:Santa Maria del Fiore 5217:Further information: 5147:La congiura dei Pazzi 5120:Piazza della Signoria 5020:Piazza della Signoria 4974:Santa Maria del Fiore 4928:"), sometimes called 4916: 4895:Santa Maria del Fiore 4852:Historical evocations 4806: 4744: 4737:Science and discovery 4721: 4609: 4573:Europa Universalis IV 4565:Paradox Interactive's 4415: 4353:In the 14th century, 4311: 4167: 4137:, the Sangallos, and 4119:Andrea del Verrocchio 4067:Piero della Francesca 4014: 4008:and numerous others. 4002:Santissima Annunziata 3951:Leon Battista Alberti 3940: 3928:Etruscan civilization 3755: 3744: 3688: 3634:; population: 66,636; 3627:; population: 40,907; 3620:; population: 88,588; 3574:is the City Council ( 3487: 3427: 3390: 2719:Historical population 1815: 1746: 1738: 1696: 1598: 1577:Grand Duke of Tuscany 1563:Alessandro de' Medici 1558:(Giulio de' Medici). 1554:and the blessings of 1501:Piazza della Signoria 1462: 1353: 1325:Ordinances of Justice 1280: 1221: 1196:. Situated along the 1045: 835: 829:Timeline of Florence 509: • Summer ( 334:43.77139°N 11.25417°E 103:Piazzale Michelangelo 13402:Palazzuolo sul Senio 13392:Montelupo Fiorentino 13282:Barberino Tavarnelle 13277:Barberino di Mugello 12133:Porticoes of Bologna 11543:del Poggio Imperiale 11538:Medicea L'Ambrogiana 11371:Teatro della Pergola 11155:S Maria degli Angeli 11085:Certosa del Galluzzo 10901:Palazzo Spini Feroni 10780:Garden of Archimedes 10678:on 20 September 2012 10650:Ferdinand Schevill, 10514:Renaissance Florence 10506:Florentine Histories 9151:Art Through the Ages 9123:The Western Heritage 8795:on 12 September 2009 8651:CNN. 16 October 2013 8391:Bruce, S.G. (2010). 7940:"Laurentian Library" 7824:". Brown University. 7690:Hibbert, Christopher 7375:Renaissance Florence 7170:[fjoˈrɛntsa] 6752:Antonio Squarcialupi 6691:Florence Nightingale 6518:(born 1970), cyclist 6516:Francesco Casagrande 6495:Filippo Brunelleschi 6479:Aureliano Brandolini 6469:(1445-1510), painter 6356:The private school, 5958:Coverciano, Florence 5941:, the top league of 5931:association football 5886:Piazza Santa Trinita 5858:Piazza della Libertà 5835:Piazza Santa Trinita 5734:Teatro della Pergola 5726:Cinema Teatro Savoia 5706:San Miniato al Monte 5672:, later finished by 5670:Masolino da Panicale 5654:Baroque architecture 5622:Domenico Ghirlandaio 5502:Piazza Santa Trinita 5498:Palazzo Spini Feroni 5426:Republic of Florence 5422:Signoria of Florence 5371:Theatres in Florence 5208:Bartolomeo Ammannati 5178:Michelangelo's David 5152:The Pazzi conspiracy 5024:Bartolomeo Ammannati 4988:(partly designed by 4982:Filippo Brunelleschi 4883:St. John the Baptist 4770:Christopher Columbus 4702:Among the desserts, 4561:Republic of Florence 4539:Leonardo Pieraccioni 4111:Piero del Pollaiuolo 4099:Bernardo Buontalenti 4091:Domenico Ghirlandaio 3974:San Miniato al Monte 3888:Tesoro dei Granduchi 3785:Filippo Brunelleschi 1936:Record high °C (°F) 1519:Florentine Histories 1378:Revolt of the Ciompi 1337:Republic of Florence 1283:San Miniato al Monte 1133:Catherine de' Medici 925:Republic of Florence 881:Eastern Roman Empire 857:Western Roman Empire 823:Timeline of Florence 455: • Density 236:Location of Florence 12496:Peschiera del Garda 12442:Temple of Clitumnus 12427:Cividale del Friuli 11502:Parco delle Cascine 11492:Giardino delle Rose 11333:Fountain of Neptune 11297:Gabinetto Vieusseux 11023:S Maria del Carmine 10867:Palazzo Della Stufa 10417:(online ed.). 10326:on 27 November 2011 9979:. 20 September 2012 9851:Travel in Tuscany. 9780:on 8 September 2017 9655:welcometuscany.it. 9252:on 18 February 2009 9226:on 24 November 2010 9079:European Commission 8357:Spruyt, H. (1996). 8132:2005GeocJ..39..531D 8120:Geochemical Journal 7489:on 25 November 2010 6766:, Italian physicist 6734:Girolamo Savonarola 6628:Niccolò Machiavelli 6555:Salvatore Ferragamo 6530:(1826–1890), writer 6416:Antonia of Florence 6409:Niccolò Machiavelli 6319:New York University 6248:Santa Maria Novella 6217:Italian Rationalism 6131:Santa Maria Novella 6109:Santa Maria Novella 5901:Parco delle Cascine 5882:ponte Santa Trinita 5809:) and streets. The 5783:Squares of Florence 5759:Lucia di Lammermoor 5506:Salvatore Ferragamo 5496:style in 1871; the 5482:Bernardo Rossellino 5472:Gabinetto Vieusseux 5460:Riccardiana Library 5442:Corridoio Vasariano 5322:Ponte Santa Trinita 5168:Girolamo Savonarola 5059:modern architecture 5028:Fountain of Neptune 5008:World Heritage Site 4814:Salvatore Ferragamo 4556:Assassin's Creed II 4488:Light in the Piazza 4423:Florentine Camerata 4286:to modern Italian. 4192:has Michelangelo's 4168:Brunelleschi's dome 3982:Santa Maria Novella 3840:museum of San Marco 3667:Florentine painting 3450:European Commission 3406:Santa Maria Novella 3331:Condé Nast Traveler 3044: 2720: 2216:Record low °C (°F) 2076:Daily mean °C (°F) 1751:from June 1941 (by 1646:. Florence was the 1573:Cosimo I de' Medici 1508:Niccolò Machiavelli 1479:Girolamo Savonarola 1470:is at centre right. 1464:Girolamo Savonarola 1357:statue outside the 1341:Italian Renaissance 1323:, resulting in the 1157:Cosimo I de' Medici 1056:Italian Renaissance 973:First French Empire 873:Ostrogothic Kingdom 817:History of Florence 728:World Heritage Site 709:Niccolò Machiavelli 645:[fiˈrɛntse] 330: / 305:Show map of Tuscany 12334:San Leucio Complex 11672: 11487:Giardino dell'Iris 11440:Via de' Tornabuoni 11414:Piazza San Lorenzo 11409:Piazza Santa Croce 11338:Giotto's Campanile 11312:Laurentian Library 11266:Giotto's Campanile 11195:S Stefano al Ponte 11150:S Jacopo sopr'Arno 11035:S Miniato al Monte 10785:Loggia del Bigallo 10438:Grove Music Online 10165:on 2 February 2012 9925:"Gruppo Cine Hall" 9873:on 29 January 2010 9853:Gardens in Tuscany 9394:on 6 December 2009 9345:on 12 October 2006 9200:on 25 October 2019 8950:Tourism-review.com 8875:Tourism-review.com 8825:on 29 October 2017 8722:"Travel + Leisure" 8289:"FIRENZE/PERETOLA" 7446:"Florence (Italy)" 7330:W. Robertson Smith 7120:Cronaca fiorentina 7033:Malmö Municipality 6993:Other partnerships 6746:Giovanni Spadolini 6573:Frescobaldi family 6536:, fashion designer 6455:Giovanni Boccaccio 6412: 6402: 6392: 6389:Lorenzo de' Medici 6382: 6358:Centro Machiavelli 6347:Harvard University 6299: 6158: 6101: 6093: 5927: 5911:, amongst others. 5878:Via de' Tornabuoni 5862:Via Camillo Cavour 5850: 5839:Via de' Tornabuoni 5823:Piazza Santa Croce 5803: 5795: 5771:Florence Cathedral 5582: 5528: 5492:, designed in the 5434:Palazzo dei Priori 5430:Palazzo del Popolo 5389: 5381: 5280:, which spans the 5141:On 26 April 1478, 5061:can be found. The 4919: 4891:Florence Cathedral 4838:Via de' Tornabuoni 4809: 4755: 4726: 4612: 4518:Tea with Mussolini 4512:A Room with a View 4418: 4359:Giovanni Boccaccio 4321: 4318:Giovanni Boccaccio 4282:and the immediate 4264:Florentine dialect 4170: 4019: 3967:Giotto's Campanile 3947: 3819:and Michelangelo. 3766: 3750: 3745:Sculptures in the 3703: 3681:Guilds of Florence 3576:Consiglio Comunale 3495: 3438:San Lorenzo Market 3430: 3397: 3043: 2718: 1818: 1757: 1741: 1702: 1665:Florence replaced 1660:Congress of Vienna 1640:Kingdom of Etruria 1608: 1543:Laurentian Library 1472: 1421:Alexander Agricola 1362: 1346:Rise of the Medici 1286: 1243: 1145:Henry IV of France 1137:Henry II of France 1117:Lorenzo de' Medici 1106:Hundred Years' War 1048: 961:Kingdom of Etruria 897:Carolingian Empire 865:Kingdom of Odoacer 705:Giovanni Boccaccio 691:forms the base of 689:Florentine dialect 447: • Total 426: • Total 406: • Mayor 339:43.77139; 11.25417 302:Florence (Tuscany) 177:Florence Cathedral 13814: 13813: 13489: 13488: 13422:Rignano sull'Arno 13287:Borgo San Lorenzo 13217: 13216: 12561: 12560: 12464:Monte Sant'Angelo 12377:Barumini nuraghes 12295:Certosa di Padula 11987:Monte San Giorgio 11906: 11905: 11901: 11900: 11622: 11621: 11614:Trams in Florence 11596:Scoppio del carro 11470:Gardens and parks 11461:Fortezza da Basso 11343:Monument to Dante 11251:dei Gianfigliazzi 11219: 11218: 11190:Ss Simone e Giuda 11006:Tornabuoni Chapel 10977:Baroncelli Chapel 10862:Palazzo Davanzati 10671:978-1-60606-126-8 10557:978-1-84157-844-6 10377:on 8 October 2011 10185:Trams in Florence 10139:on 8 October 2013 10112:Autolinee Toscane 9617:978-0-205-64531-2 9194:"Art in Florence" 9160:978-0-495-91542-3 9132:978-0-205-39392-3 9107:on 8 August 2008. 9053:Independent.co.uk 8627:Theflorentine.net 8542:on 14 August 2013 8472:978-2-7605-2209-1 8404:978-90-04-18007-9 8244:on 8 October 2006 8222:978-88-8251-382-5 7724:. 16 April 2009. 7670:(Online ed.) 6830:Giorgio Antonucci 6819:Lisa del Giocondo 6810:Leonardo da Vinci 6610:Pauline von Hügel 6467:Sandro Botticelli 6451:(1265-1321), poet 6437:John Argyropoulos 6364:Notable residents 6280:Foster + Partners 6260:Borgo San Lorenzo 6225:Fortezza da Basso 6210: 6209: 6077:Trams in Florence 6065:Autolinee Toscane 5937:, which plays in 5831:Calcio Fiorentino 5598:Gates of Paradise 5486:Palazzo Davanzati 5456:Cosimo il Vecchio 5212:Benvenuto Cellini 5006:) was declared a 4938:siege of Florence 4930:Calcio in costume 4909:Calcio Fiorentino 4866:Scoppio del Carro 4858:Scoppio del Carro 4714:Research activity 4661:pappa al pomodoro 4459:/Seconda Prattica 4402:Music of Florence 4216:Palazzo Davanzati 4159:Peter Paul Rubens 4079:Benvenuto Cellini 4077:. Others include 4071:Leonardo da Vinci 4063:Sandro Botticelli 4023:Arnolfo di Cambio 3932:Stendhal syndrome 3912:Palazzo Davanzati 3832:Galleria Palatina 3817:Leonardo da Vinci 3809:Sandro Botticelli 3777:Arnolfo di Cambio 3582:), composed of 7 3470:Palma de Mallorca 3361:Calcio Fiorentino 3341:, yet surpassing 3318: 3317: 2967: 2966: 2711: 2710: 2662:Ultraviolet index 2561: 2560: 2504:possible sunshine 2409:relative humidity 1628:Habsburg-Lorraine 1531:Giulio de' Medici 1492:Pope Alexander VI 1440:Charles VIII 1425:Johannes Ghiselin 1413:Leonardo da Vinci 1389:Cosimo de' Medici 1355:Leonardo da Vinci 1321:Giano della Bella 1309:bills of exchange 1273:Second millennium 1214:Early Middle Ages 937:Duchy of Florence 833: 806: 666:metropolitan area 593: 592: 540:Dialing code 373:Metropolitan city 272:Show map of Italy 84:Comune di Firenze 16:(Redirected from 13869: 13516: 13509: 13502: 13493: 13492: 13484: 13452:Sesto Fiorentino 13362:Greve in Chianti 13307:Castelfiorentino 13302:Capraia e Limite 13244: 13237: 13230: 13221: 13220: 13205: 13190: 13171: 13145: 13125: 13114:Esch-sur-Alzette 13105: 13090: 13075: 13060: 13045: 13030: 13015: 13000: 12985: 12970: 12955: 12935: 12920: 12905: 12890: 12880: 12870: 12855: 12840: 12825: 12810: 12760: 12750: 12740: 12730: 12720: 12710: 12700: 12690: 12680: 12670: 12660: 12650: 12637: 12627: 12617: 12607: 12588: 12581: 12574: 12565: 12564: 12110:Modena Cathedral 12018:Rhaetian Railway 11933: 11926: 11919: 11910: 11909: 11669: 11668: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11626: 11625: 11394:Piazza del Duomo 11165:S Maria Maggiore 11075:Badia Fiorentina 11028:Brancacci Chapel 10957: 10956: 10947: 10800:Loggia del Pesce 10790:Loggia dei Lanzi 10721: 10714: 10707: 10698: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10674:. Archived from 10647: 10638: 10636: 10625: 10616: 10604: 10593: 10584: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10540: 10528: 10517: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10474: 10465: 10464: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10416: 10405: 10399: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10316: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10305: 10299: 10292: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10267: 10260: 10252: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10194: 10188: 10182: 10176: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10161:. Archived from 10155: 10149: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10031: 10025: 10024: 10022: 10020: 10014: 10003: 9995: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9969: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9921: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9905:on 18 April 2012 9904: 9898:. Archived from 9897: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9862: 9856: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9826:Centre, UNESCO. 9823: 9817: 9810: 9804: 9803: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9744: 9738: 9731: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9715:on 7 August 2014 9705: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9689:on 18 March 2014 9679: 9673: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9652: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9626: 9620: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9594: 9591: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9566: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9535: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9432: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9362: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9341:. Archived from 9335: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9291: 9285: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9190: 9184: 9183: 9176: 9165: 9164: 9146: 9137: 9136: 9118: 9109: 9108: 9103:. Archived from 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9071: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9045: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9034: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9008: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8914: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8892: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8821:. Archived from 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8785: 8779: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8729: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8693: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8634: 8619: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8590: 8584: 8575: 8569: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8532: 8526: 8525:, 1 January 2009 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8500:on 26 April 2009 8490: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8293: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8166: 8164: 8143: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7944:michelangelo.net 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7874: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7841: 7831: 7825: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7760: 7754: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7614:. Archived from 7603: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7473: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7452:. Britannica.com 7442: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7378: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7357: 7343: 7337: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7261: 7255: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7199: 7182: 7172: 7167: 7156: 7109: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7081: 7076: 7075: 7074: 6886:, United Kingdom 6795:Amerigo Vespucci 6778: 6775: 6758:Andrei Tarkovsky 6697:Virginia Oldoini 6591:Lorenzo Ghiberti 6399:Amerigo Vespucci 6205: 6202: 6196: 6184: 6183: 6176: 6162:Florence Airport 6155:Florence Airport 6128: 6127: 6123: 6120: 5996:is a successful 5905:Giardino Bardini 5866:Piazza del Duomo 5698:Badia Fiorentina 5662:Brancacci Chapel 5594:Lorenzo Ghiberti 5540: 5539: 5510:Palazzo Antinori 5478:Palazzo Rucellai 5414:Loggia dei Lanzi 5396: 5395: 5352: 5337: 5318: 5304: 5292: 5274: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5244: 5229: 5196:Loggia dei Lanzi 5189: 5188: 5143:Jacopo de' Pazzi 5098:Alconétar Bridge 5068: 5067: 5032:marble sculpture 4953: 4879:Piazza del Duomo 4762:Age of Discovery 4634:crostini toscani 4543:Vittoria Puccini 4524:Virgin Territory 4463:Le Nuove Musiche 4408:Music of Tuscany 4390:Machiavellianism 4332:Guido Cavalcanti 4083:Andrea del Sarto 4057:family; through 4043:Lorenzo Ghiberti 3854:, the museum of 3793:Lorenzo Ghiberti 3747:Loggia dei Lanzi 3643:Democratic Party 3558: 3542: 3507:Chianti Classico 3493:of basic Chianti 3411:Travel + Leisure 3308: 3307: 3288: 3287: 3268: 3267: 3248: 3247: 3228: 3227: 3208: 3207: 3188: 3187: 3168: 3167: 3148: 3147: 3128: 3127: 3108: 3107: 3088: 3087: 3068: 3067: 3045: 3042: 2734: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2564: 2563: 2363: 1885:Florence Airport 1880: 1879: 1838:Poggio Imperiale 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1718:British 8th Army 1616:duke of Lorraine 1556:Pope Clement VII 1281:The Basilica di 1263:March of Tuscany 1168:Kingdom of Italy 1155:, starting with 1141:Marie de' Medici 1063:Italian language 1052:medieval commune 1033: 1031: 1030: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1009:Kingdom of Italy 1007: 1006: 1005: 995: 994: 993: 983: 982: 981: 971: 970: 969: 959: 958: 957: 947: 946: 945: 935: 934: 933: 923: 922: 921: 913:March of Tuscany 911: 903: 895: 887: 879: 871: 863: 855: 847: 839: 831: 801: 791: 781: 775: 759:of the world by 757:fashion capitals 693:standard Italian 685:Kingdom of Italy 655: 654: 653: 647: 631: 626: 625: 622: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 589: 588: 586:Official website 566:John the Baptist 514: 485: 471: 391: 345: 344: 342: 341: 340: 335: 331: 328: 327: 326: 323: 306: 292: 291: 285: 273: 259: 258: 252: 223: 211: 189: 173: 159: 143: 129: 115: 98: 78: 65: 57: 46: 45: 21: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13867: 13866: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13810: 13756:Reggio Calabria 13634: 13578: 13547: 13526: 13523:Cities in Italy 13520: 13490: 13485: 13476: 13263: 13248: 13218: 13213: 13203: 13188: 13169: 13143: 13123: 13103: 13089:2020-April 2021 13088: 13073: 13058: 13043: 13028: 13013: 12998: 12983: 12968: 12953: 12933: 12918: 12903: 12894:Luxembourg City 12888: 12878: 12868: 12853: 12838: 12823: 12808: 12758: 12748: 12738: 12728: 12718: 12714:Luxembourg City 12708: 12698: 12688: 12678: 12668: 12658: 12648: 12635: 12625: 12615: 12605: 12597: 12592: 12562: 12557: 12502: 12405: 12362:Aeolian Islands 12348: 12344:Sassi di Matera 12319:Historic Centre 12249: 12200:Hadrian's Villa 12157: 12095:Le Colline del 12066: 11966:Historic center 11942: 11937: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11886: 11876: 11866: 11852: 11841: 11831: 11821: 11807: 11796: 11786: 11776: 11762: 11751: 11741: 11731: 11717: 11706: 11696: 11686: 11662: 11653: 11623: 11618: 11600: 11574: 11506: 11477:Bardini Gardens 11465: 11444: 11423: 11380: 11366:Teatro Comunale 11352: 11321: 11301:Palazzo Strozzi 11270: 11246:dei Della Bella 11241:dei Belfredelli 11215: 11211:Great Synagogue 11199: 11061: 11055:Sassetti Chapel 11001:S Maria Novella 10953:Religious sites 10948: 10939: 10933:Vasari Corridor 10923:Stibbert Museum 10911:Palazzo Vecchio 10906:Palazzo Strozzi 10805:Loggia Rucellai 10756:Casa Buonarroti 10743: 10734: 10725: 10695: 10690: 10681: 10679: 10672: 10613: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10537: 10499: 10494: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10476: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10433: 10429: 10421: 10414: 10406: 10402: 10394: 10390: 10380: 10378: 10369: 10368: 10364: 10354: 10352: 10344: 10343: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10318: 10317: 10313: 10303: 10301: 10297: 10290: 10286: 10285: 10281: 10271: 10269: 10265: 10258: 10254: 10253: 10249: 10239: 10237: 10228: 10227: 10223: 10203: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10191: 10183: 10179: 10168: 10166: 10157: 10156: 10152: 10142: 10140: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10114: 10106: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10084: 10083: 10079: 10069: 10067: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10033: 10032: 10028: 10018: 10016: 10012: 10001: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9982: 9980: 9971: 9970: 9966: 9956: 9954: 9945: 9944: 9940: 9930: 9928: 9923: 9922: 9918: 9908: 9906: 9902: 9895: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9876: 9874: 9863: 9859: 9850: 9846: 9836: 9834: 9824: 9820: 9816:, Penguin, 2001 9811: 9807: 9801: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9781: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9757: 9755: 9754:on 11 July 2018 9746: 9745: 9741: 9732: 9728: 9718: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9692: 9690: 9681: 9680: 9676: 9666: 9664: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9637: 9627: 9623: 9610: 9606: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9568: 9567: 9554: 9544: 9542: 9537: 9536: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9490:on 27 July 2011 9482: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9443: 9442:on 13 July 2009 9434: 9433: 9429: 9419: 9417: 9412: 9411: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9386: 9385: 9381: 9371: 9369: 9368:. StudyMode.com 9364: 9363: 9359: 9348: 9346: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9322: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9288: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9218: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9178: 9177: 9168: 9161: 9147: 9140: 9133: 9119: 9112: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9073: 9072: 9068: 9058: 9056: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9020: 9016: 9006: 9004: 8994: 8990: 8980: 8978: 8969: 8968: 8964: 8954: 8952: 8940: 8936: 8926: 8924: 8916: 8915: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8894: 8893: 8889: 8879: 8877: 8865: 8861: 8851: 8849: 8842: 8838: 8828: 8826: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8787: 8786: 8782: 8776:Wayback Machine 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8742: 8741: 8737: 8727: 8725: 8720: 8719: 8715: 8705: 8703: 8695: 8694: 8690: 8680: 8678: 8669: 8668: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8632: 8630: 8621: 8620: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8599:The Local Italy 8591: 8587: 8576: 8572: 8559: 8555: 8545: 8543: 8534: 8533: 8529: 8523:Chicago Tribune 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8389: 8385: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8338:. Weather Atlas 8334: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8316:. Weather Atlas 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8205: 8201: 8191: 8189: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8162: 8160: 8141:10.1.1.605.4368 8112: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8081: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8045: 8043: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7923: 7921: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7887: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7832: 7828: 7819: 7815: 7784: 7780: 7761: 7757: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7716: 7715: 7711: 7704: 7687: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7618:on 19 June 2023 7604: 7600: 7590: 7588: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7554: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7475: 7474: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7391: 7369: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7327: 7323: 7314: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7296:on 4 April 2010 7288: 7287: 7283: 7273: 7271: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7240: 7236: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7185: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7105: 7100: 7098: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7077: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7062: 7053:, United States 6995: 6990: 6939:, United States 6850: 6844: 6839: 6804:Coriolano Vighi 6776: 6678:Pirrho Musefili 6616:Bruno Innocenti 6579:Galileo Galilei 6522:Roberto Cavalli 6485:Robert Browning 6449:Dante Alighieri 6379:Dante Alighieri 6372: 6366: 6307:Pope Clement VI 6288: 6275:high-speed rail 6240:railway station 6206: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6172:Railway station 6148: 6139: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6079: 6073: 6034:Regione Toscana 6026:ATAF&Li-nea 6023: 6011: 6006: 5917: 5854:Piazza Beccaria 5785: 5779: 5768: 5742:Teatro Comunale 5674:Filippino Lippi 5618:Filippino Lippi 5538:Palazzo Vecchio 5533:Vasari Corridor 5494:Neo-Renaissance 5475: 5464:Palazzo Strozzi 5394:Palazzo Vecchio 5373: 5363: 5356: 5353: 5344: 5338: 5329: 5319: 5310: 5305: 5296: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5266: 5263: 5254: 5250:Palazzo Vecchio 5245: 5236: 5230: 5221: 5187:Palazzo Vecchio 5136:Dante Alighieri 5065:Palazzo Vecchio 4966: 4960: 4911: 4905: 4861: 4854: 4822:Roberto Cavalli 4801: 4791: 4789:Italian fashion 4785: 4739: 4716: 4701: 4694:Parmesan cheese 4622:) and stomach ( 4604: 4582: 4551: 4535:Roberto Benigni 4483: 4452:/Prima Prattica 4410: 4404: 4398: 4316:(1350–1353) by 4306: 4284:parent language 4272: 4270:Tuscan language 4266: 4260: 4252:Palazzo Strozzi 4204:Palazzo Vecchio 4135:Cosimo Rosselli 4115:Filippino Lippi 4087:Benozzo Gozzoli 4016:Palazzo Vecchio 3904:Palazzo Vecchio 3876:Palazzo Corsini 3860:Casa Buonarroti 3683: 3677: 3665:Main articles: 3663: 3658: 3580:Giunta Comunale 3566: 3559: 3550: 3543: 3534: 3528: 3514:" reds such as 3482: 3385: 3356:fashion clothes 3351: 3323: 3302: 3282: 3262: 3242: 3222: 3202: 3182: 3162: 3142: 3122: 3102: 3082: 3062: 2716: 2562: 2361: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1852:Florence has a 1850: 1810: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1691: 1683:capture of Rome 1624:secundogeniture 1618:and husband of 1612:Francis Stephen 1593: 1476:Dominican friar 1468:Palazzo Vecchio 1457: 1348: 1343: 1335:Main articles: 1333: 1275: 1216: 1190: 1184: 1040: 1037:, 1946–present 1028: 1026: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1003: 1001: 1000: 991: 989: 988: 979: 977: 976: 967: 965: 964: 955: 953: 952: 943: 941: 940: 931: 929: 928: 919: 917: 916: 909: 908: 901: 900: 893: 892: 889:Lombard Kingdom 885: 884: 877: 876: 869: 868: 861: 860: 853: 852: 851:, 27 BC–AD 285 845: 844: 837: 834: 830: 826: 819: 813: 769: 753:Italian fashion 697:Dante Alighieri 649: 648: 629: 603: 599: 584: 583: 534: 508: 472: 338: 336: 332: 329: 324: 321: 319: 317: 316: 310: 309: 308: 307: 304: 303: 300: 299: 298: 297: 293: 276: 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 265: 264: 260: 238: 237: 229: 228: 227: 226: 217: 216: 199: 198: 197: 196: 195: 190: 181: 180: 179: 174: 166: 165: 163:Palazzo Vecchio 160: 151: 150: 149: 144: 136: 135: 130: 122: 121: 116: 107: 106: 105: 99: 79: 66: 59: 51: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:ATAF&Li-nea 15: 12: 11: 5: 13875: 13865: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13812: 13811: 13809: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13773: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13579: 13577: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13561: 13555: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13540: 13534: 13532: 13528: 13527: 13519: 13518: 13511: 13504: 13496: 13487: 13486: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13372:Lastra a Signa 13369: 13364: 13359: 13357:Gambassi Terme 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13297:Campi Bisenzio 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13272:Bagno a Ripoli 13268: 13265: 13264: 13247: 13246: 13239: 13232: 13224: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13172: 13167: 13160: 13153: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13081: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12602: 12599: 12598: 12591: 12590: 12583: 12576: 12568: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12555: 12545: 12542: 12520: 12514: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12467: 12466: 12457: 12448: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12413: 12411: 12407: 12406: 12404: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12358: 12356: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12323: 12322: 12321: 12311: 12302: 12297: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12259: 12257: 12251: 12250: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12177: 12167: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12107: 12093: 12088: 12082: 12076: 12074: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12047: 12042: 12034: 12029: 12015: 12010: 11989: 11984: 11975: 11970: 11969: 11968: 11958: 11952: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11936: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11913: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11898: 11855: 11853: 11810: 11808: 11765: 11763: 11748:Emilia-Romagna 11720: 11718: 11675: 11673: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11652: 11651: 11644: 11637: 11629: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11616: 11611: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11582: 11580: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11546: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11482:Boboli Gardens 11479: 11473: 11471: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11463: 11458: 11452: 11450: 11446: 11445: 11443: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11390: 11388: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11362: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11329: 11327: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11294: 11289: 11278: 11276: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11227: 11225: 11224:Towers (Torri) 11221: 11220: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11213: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11071: 11069: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11052: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11009: 11008: 10998: 10997: 10996: 10994:Medici Chapels 10986: 10985: 10984: 10979: 10969: 10963: 10961: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10942: 10940: 10938: 10937: 10936: 10935: 10925: 10920: 10919: 10918: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10897: 10896: 10886: 10885: 10884: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10838: 10837: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10776: 10775: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10747: 10745: 10736: 10735: 10724: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10701: 10694: 10693:External links 10691: 10689: 10688: 10670: 10655: 10648: 10639: 10626: 10617: 10611: 10594: 10585: 10576: 10569: 10556: 10541: 10535: 10518: 10509: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10466: 10459: 10427: 10400: 10388: 10362: 10337: 10311: 10279: 10247: 10221: 10189: 10177: 10150: 10124: 10099: 10077: 10052: 10041:. 16 June 2015 10026: 9990: 9964: 9951:ACF Fiorentina 9938: 9916: 9884: 9857: 9844: 9832:whc.unesco.org 9818: 9805: 9791: 9765: 9739: 9726: 9700: 9674: 9663:on 15 May 2021 9647: 9621: 9604: 9595: 9583: 9552: 9523: 9501: 9475: 9453: 9427: 9405: 9379: 9357: 9330: 9308: 9286: 9263: 9237: 9211: 9185: 9166: 9159: 9138: 9131: 9110: 9091: 9066: 9040: 9014: 8988: 8977:. 18 July 2016 8962: 8934: 8909: 8887: 8859: 8836: 8806: 8780: 8761: 8748:Cntraveler.com 8735: 8713: 8688: 8677:on 12 May 2011 8662: 8640: 8611: 8585: 8570: 8553: 8527: 8511: 8485: 8471: 8451: 8437: 8417: 8403: 8383: 8369: 8349: 8327: 8305: 8280: 8255: 8228: 8221: 8199: 8177: 8126:(6): 531–545. 8106: 8075: 8053: 8028: 8025:. 3 July 1944. 8023:Canberra Times 8010: 7984: 7956: 7931: 7919:Britannica.com 7906: 7892: 7885: 7859: 7852: 7826: 7813: 7778: 7767:(113): 69–87. 7755: 7742: 7709: 7702: 7681: 7655: 7629: 7598: 7573: 7566: 7548: 7526: 7500: 7463: 7418: 7396: 7389: 7363: 7338: 7321: 7307: 7281: 7256: 7234: 7216: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7096: 7082: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 6999: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6887: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6858: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6816: 6807: 6801: 6792: 6789:Giorgio Vasari 6786: 6780: 6767: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6740:Adriana Seroni 6737: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6710: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6675: 6669:Antonio Meucci 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6639:The Discourses 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6597: 6588: 6582: 6576: 6570: 6567:Silpa Bhirasri 6564: 6558: 6552: 6549:Oriana Fallaci 6546: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6513: 6498: 6492: 6482: 6476: 6470: 6464: 6461:Cesare Bomboni 6458: 6452: 6446: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6365: 6362: 6323:Marist College 6287: 6284: 6252:Campo di Marte 6208: 6207: 6188: 6186: 6179: 6173: 6170: 6147: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6075:Main article: 6072: 6069: 6022: 6019: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004:Transportation 6002: 5935:ACF Fiorentina 5916: 5913: 5778: 5775: 5767: 5764: 5694:Santa Felicita 5571:Boboli Gardens 5524:Boboli Gardens 5468:Palazzo Medici 5450:, designed by 5438:Palazzo Ducale 5362: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5332: 5330: 5320: 5313: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5287: 5285: 5276: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5239: 5237: 5232:Cattedrale di 5231: 5224: 5192: 5191: 5174: 5171: 5160: 5139: 5128:history of art 5109:Medici Chapels 5103:The church of 5016:medieval walls 4962:Main article: 4959: 4956: 4917:Calcio Storico 4904: 4902:Calcio Storico 4899: 4860: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4787:Main article: 4784: 4781: 4738: 4735: 4715: 4712: 4603: 4600: 4581: 4578: 4568:grand strategy 4550: 4547: 4482: 4479: 4471:basso continuo 4454:the other the 4400:Main article: 4397: 4394: 4305: 4302: 4280:Tuscan dialect 4262:Main article: 4259: 4256: 4228:Medici Chapels 4220:Museo Stibbert 4035:Nanni di Banco 3963:Constantinople 3943:Uffizi Gallery 3872:Museo Stibbert 3852:Medici Chapels 3846:'s works, the 3828:Uffizi Gallery 3732:and Raphael's 3695:Birth of Venus 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3630:Q4 – Isolotto- 3628: 3623:Q3 – Gavinana- 3621: 3618:Campo di Marte 3614: 3611:Centro storico 3568: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3551: 3544: 3537: 3527: 3524: 3499:Chianti region 3481: 3478: 3384: 3381: 3369:Emilia-Romagna 3350: 3347: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3028:Roman Catholic 2965: 2964: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2457:sunshine hours 2452: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2357: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1887:) (1991–2020) 1878: 1860:), tending to 1849: 1846: 1809: 1806: 1690: 1687: 1592: 1589: 1456: 1453: 1444:northern Italy 1429:Heinrich Isaac 1359:Uffizi Gallery 1347: 1344: 1332: 1329: 1274: 1271: 1215: 1212: 1186:Main article: 1183: 1180: 905:Regnum Italiae 841:Roman Republic 828: 827: 815:Main article: 812: 809: 768: 765: 736:Uffizi Gallery 591: 590: 581: 577: 576: 573: 569: 568: 563: 559: 558: 553: 546: 545: 542: 536: 535: 532: 530: 526: 525: 515: 505: 504: 494: 488: 487: 466: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 448: 444: 443: 439: 438: 435: 431: 430: 427: 423: 422: 418: 417: 407: 403: 402: 398: 397: 392: 382: 381: 375: 369: 368: 363: 357: 356: 351: 347: 346: 312: 311: 301: 295: 294: 287: 286: 280: 279: 278: 277: 268: 262: 261: 254: 253: 247: 246: 245: 244: 243: 240: 239: 235: 234: 231: 230: 224: 218: 212: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 191: 184: 183: 182: 175: 168: 167: 161: 154: 153: 152: 147:Uffizi Gallery 145: 138: 137: 131: 124: 123: 117: 110: 109: 108: 101:Florence from 100: 93: 92: 91: 90: 89: 86: 85: 81: 80: 71: 68: 67: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13874: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13761:Reggio Emilia 13759: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13637: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13581: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13550: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13535: 13533: 13529: 13525:by population 13524: 13517: 13512: 13510: 13505: 13503: 13498: 13497: 13494: 13483: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13397:Montespertoli 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13312:Cerreto Guidi 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13266: 13262: 13258: 13257: 13252: 13245: 13240: 13238: 13233: 13231: 13226: 13225: 13222: 13210: 13207: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13176: 13173: 13168: 13166: 13165: 13161: 13159: 13158: 13154: 13152: 13151: 13147: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13034:San Sebastián 13032: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12639: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12589: 12584: 12582: 12577: 12575: 12570: 12569: 12566: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12519: 12515: 12513: 12509: 12508: 12505: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12465: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12408: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12316: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12309:Villa Poppaea 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12225:San Gimignano 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12205:Medici villas 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12178: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12105:Valdobbiadene 12102: 12098: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11956:Crespi d'Adda 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11934: 11929: 11927: 11922: 11920: 11915: 11914: 11911: 11896: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11885: 11884: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11851: 11850: 11849: 11844: 11840: 11839: 11834: 11830: 11829: 11824: 11820: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11806: 11805: 11804: 11799: 11795: 11794: 11789: 11785: 11784: 11779: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11761: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11750: 11749: 11744: 11740: 11739: 11734: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11705: 11704: 11699: 11695: 11694: 11689: 11685: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11650: 11645: 11643: 11638: 11636: 11631: 11630: 11627: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11606: 11603: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11577: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11519: 11518:Medici villas 11516: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11447: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11383: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11349: 11348:Ponte Vecchio 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11324: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11302: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11287: 11283: 11280: 11279: 11277: 11273: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11236:degli Alberti 11234: 11232: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11222: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11064: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11013:SS Annunziata 11011: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10999: 10995: 10992: 10991: 10990: 10987: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10955: 10951: 10946: 10934: 10931: 10930: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10890: 10889:Palazzo Pitti 10887: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10872:Palazzo Gondi 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10815:Museo Galileo 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10769: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10722: 10717: 10715: 10710: 10708: 10703: 10702: 10699: 10677: 10673: 10667: 10663: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10634: 10627: 10623: 10618: 10614: 10612:0-374-12404-3 10608: 10603: 10602: 10595: 10591: 10586: 10582: 10577: 10574: 10570: 10559: 10553: 10549: 10548: 10542: 10538: 10536:0-06-131607-5 10532: 10527: 10526: 10519: 10515: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10501: 10479: 10473: 10471: 10462: 10460:1-56159-263-3 10456: 10452: 10448: 10444: 10440: 10439: 10431: 10420: 10413: 10412: 10404: 10398: 10392: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10325: 10321: 10315: 10300:on 9 May 2012 10296: 10289: 10283: 10268:on 9 May 2012 10264: 10257: 10251: 10236:on 9 May 2018 10235: 10231: 10225: 10218: 10213: 10199: 10193: 10186: 10181: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10113: 10109: 10103: 10087: 10081: 10066: 10062: 10056: 10040: 10036: 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Martin Wahl 9952: 9948: 9942: 9927:. Cinehall.it 9926: 9920: 9901: 9894: 9888: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9848: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9809: 9800: 9795: 9779: 9775: 9769: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9736: 9730: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9688: 9684: 9678: 9662: 9658: 9651: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9599: 9590: 9588: 9571: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9511: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9479: 9463: 9457: 9441: 9437: 9431: 9415: 9409: 9393: 9389: 9383: 9367: 9361: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9318: 9312: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9283:5-85050-825-2 9280: 9276: 9274: 9267: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9225: 9221: 9215: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9181: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9162: 9156: 9152: 9145: 9143: 9134: 9128: 9124: 9117: 9115: 9106: 9102: 9095: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9055:. 1 June 2017 9054: 9050: 9044: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9003: 8999: 8992: 8976: 8972: 8966: 8951: 8947: 8944:, Bill Alen. 8943: 8938: 8923: 8919: 8913: 8897: 8891: 8876: 8872: 8869:, Bill Alen. 8868: 8863: 8847: 8840: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8810: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8777: 8773: 8770: 8765: 8749: 8745: 8739: 8723: 8717: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8650: 8644: 8629:. 27 May 2016 8628: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8581:GCatholic.org 8579: 8574: 8567: 8566: 8562: 8557: 8541: 8537: 8531: 8524: 8520: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8474: 8468: 8464: 8463: 8455: 8440: 8438:9781134636204 8434: 8430: 8429: 8421: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8395: 8387: 8372: 8370:0-691-02910-5 8366: 8362: 8361: 8353: 8337: 8331: 8315: 8309: 8290: 8284: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8224: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8187: 8181: 8174: 8170: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8110: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8063: 8057: 8042: 8038: 8032: 8024: 8020: 8014: 7999: 7998:ucatholic.com 7995: 7988: 7973: 7972: 7967: 7960: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7902: 7896: 7888: 7886:88-7624-659-2 7882: 7878: 7873: 7872: 7863: 7855: 7853:0-900658-15-0 7849: 7845: 7840: 7839: 7830: 7823: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7794:(2): 93–129. 7793: 7789: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7746: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7722:The Economist 7719: 7713: 7705: 7703:0-14-016644-0 7699: 7695: 7691: 7685: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7644: 7640: 7633: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7569: 7567:88-02-07228-0 7563: 7559: 7552: 7536: 7530: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7407:. Treccani.it 7406: 7400: 7392: 7390:0-520-04695-1 7386: 7382: 7377: 7376: 7367: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7317: 7311: 7295: 7291: 7285: 7270: 7269:demo.istat.it 7266: 7260: 7254: 7253:1-85669-439-9 7250: 7247: 7245: 7238: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7204: 7198: 7194: 7180: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7107:Cities portal 7097: 7094: 7083: 7080: 7069: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7045:Porto-Vecchio 7043: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7023:, South Korea 7022: 7019: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6953: 6950: 6947: 6944: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6849: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6728:Anna Sarfatti 6726: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6683: 6682:cryptographer 6680:, Florentine 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671:(1808-1889), 6670: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6622:Robert Lowell 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593:(1378–1455), 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542:(1386–1466), 6541: 6538: 6535: 6534:Enrico Coveri 6532: 6529: 6528:Carlo Collodi 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6473:Egisto Bracci 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6354: 6352: 6351:Villa I Tatti 6348: 6344: 6343:James Madison 6340: 6336: 6335:Florida State 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6283: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6201:November 2023 6192: 6187: 6178: 6177: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6152: 6143: 6134: 6132: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6097: 6090: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6068: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6054:CAP Autolinee 6051: 6047: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6018: 6016: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5977:Giro d'Italia 5974: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5846: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5686:Santa Trinita 5683: 5679: 5678:Medici Chapel 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5646:Servite order 5643: 5639: 5635: 5634:Santo Spirito 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5614:Paolo Uccello 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5578: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5534: 5525: 5521: 5520:Palazzo Pitti 5517: 5513: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5385: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5351: 5346: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5317: 5312: 5309: 5308:Palazzo Pitti 5303: 5298: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5278:Ponte Vecchio 5273: 5268: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5243: 5238: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219:Villa Pitiana 5215: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5155:), murdering 5154: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5114: 5113:Medici family 5110: 5107:contains the 5106: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086:Palazzo Pitti 5083: 5079: 5078:Ponte Vecchio 5074: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4984:. The nearby 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4955: 4952: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4915: 4910: 4903: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4871:First Crusade 4868: 4867: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4752: 4748: 4747:proboscideans 4745:A display of 4743: 4734: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4711: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4457:Stile Moderno 4453: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4429: 4424: 4414: 4409: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4341: 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Retrieved 7197: 7154: 7079:Italy portal 6996: 6937:Philadelphia 6890:Fez, Morocco 6852:Florence is 6851: 6822: 6799:the Americas 6770:Anna Tonelli 6713:Giulio Racah 6686:cryptanalyst 6663:Girolamo Mei 6651:Rose McGowan 6637: 6631: 6600:Guccio Gucci 6561:Mike Francis 6508: 6501:Michelangelo 6431:Harold Acton 6355: 6300: 6272: 6237: 6220: 6216: 6211: 6198: 6190: 6159: 6140: 6104: 6102: 6062: 6043: 6037: 6025: 6024: 6014: 6012: 5992: 5981: 5970: 5951: 5928: 5898: 5873: 5865: 5851: 5815:Giubbe Rosse 5806: 5804: 5769: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5638:Orsanmichele 5597: 5583: 5555:Michelangelo 5529: 5446: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5420:, after the 5417: 5390: 5193: 5150: 5146: 5117: 5102: 5075: 5071: 5055:Neoclassical 5040: 5003: 4997: 4977: 4969: 4967: 4942:Papal troops 4929: 4921: 4920: 4901: 4894: 4886: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4857: 4826:Emilio Pucci 4816:since 1928. 4810: 4774: 4759: 4756: 4727: 4703: 4685: 4678:T-bone steak 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4633: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4594: 4583: 4571: 4554: 4552: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4462: 4455: 4450:Stile Antico 4448: 4438: 4432: 4419: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4352: 4339: 4325: 4322: 4313: 4299: 4290: 4288: 4275: 4274:Florentine ( 4273: 4193: 4171: 4075:Michelangelo 4069:, and on to 4059:Fra Angelico 4055:della Robbia 4020: 3971: 3959:Hagia Sophia 3948: 3856:Orsanmichele 3844:Fra Angelico 3821: 3805:Fra Angelico 3797:Della Robbia 3767: 3760: 3757:Michelangelo 3733: 3727: 3716:Michelangelo 3707:Medieval art 3704: 3693: 3650:Matteo Renzi 3647: 3640: 3602: 3598: 3596: 3579: 3575: 3572:municipality 3569: 3562: 3546: 3512:Super Tuscan 3496: 3488: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3419: 3416: 3409: 3398: 3377: 3352: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3039: 3036: 3025: 2998: 2975: 2968: 2714:Demographics 2290:mm (inches) 1870:convectional 1865: 1857: 1851: 1819: 1802:Arno flooded 1799: 1791: 1771:(CTLN). The 1758: 1706:World War II 1703: 1697: 1689:20th century 1680: 1664: 1609: 1575:, was named 1566: 1560: 1539:Michelangelo 1524: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1473: 1433: 1409:Michelangelo 1396: 1386: 1373: 1363: 1287: 1244: 1237: 1197: 1191: 1165: 1114: 1079: 1060: 1049: 1024:, 1943–1945 1011:, 1861–1943 999:, 1859–1860 987:, 1815–1859 975:, 1807–1815 963:, 1801–1807 951:, 1569–1801 939:, 1532–1569 927:, 1115–1532 915:, 1002–1115 849:Roman Empire 836: 770: 750: 743: 717: 670: 595: 594: 562:Patron saint 394: 225:Coat of arms 40: 13437:San Godenzo 13412:Pontassieve 13175:Nova Gorica 12540:Switzerland 12512:Switzerland 12462:located at 12453:located at 12451:Santa Sofia 12444:located at 12410:Countrywide 12396:Val di Noto 12300:Herculaneum 12263:Alberobello 12240:Val d'Orcia 12038:Sacri Monti 11560:Il Gioiello 11523:di Castello 11175:S Pancrazio 11120:Ss Apostoli 10882:Magi Chapel 10744:and palaces 10742:, galleries 10682:12 February 10330:11 December 10304:11 December 10272:11 December 10169:11 December 10143:11 December 10088:. ONE Scarl 9812:Ross King, 8975:Thelocal.it 8750:. July 2016 8163:15 February 8099:15 February 8068:16 November 8046:22 February 7971:Smithsonian 6969:, Australia 6913:Kuwait City 6864:, Palestine 6777: 1763 6736:, reformist 6463:, architect 6223:, near the 6091:in Florence 6038:Carta Agile 5984:rugby union 5738:opera house 5702:San Gaetano 5682:San Lorenzo 5551:Giambologna 5406:crenellated 5204:Giambologna 5105:San Lorenzo 4976:, known as 4958:Main sights 4946:Santa Croce 4940:. That day 4934:Middle Ages 4875:Brindellone 4625:lampredotto 4580:Other media 4549:Video games 4475:harpsichord 4435:Jacopo Peri 4379:Black Death 4369:Petrarchism 4336:Lapo Gianni 4240:Museo Horne 4151:Giambologna 3994:Santa Croce 3978:San Lorenzo 3900:its mosaics 3868:Museo Horne 3592:Sara Funaro 3565:of Florence 3549:of Florence 3402:Santa Croce 3150:Philippines 3054:Population 2455:Mean daily 1761:New Zealand 1698:Porte Sante 1606:of Tuscany. 1481:had become 1448:French army 1397:gente nuova 1366:Black Death 1265:centred on 1259:Charlemagne 1129:Clement VII 1082:Middle Ages 907:, 797–1001 843:, 59–27 BC 776:comes from 677:Renaissance 533:50121–50145 529:Postal code 410:Sara Funaro 337: / 133:Santa Croce 13821:Categories 13531:1,000,000+ 13342:Firenzuola 13069:Leeuwarden 12724:Copenhagen 12553:Montenegro 12382:Mount Etna 12273:Appian Way 12101:Conegliano 12062:Monferrato 12028:Landscapes 11982:Sabbioneta 11813:Campobasso 11713:Basilicata 11533:di Careggi 11528:La Petraia 11435:Via Cavour 11125:S Felicita 11115:S Ambrogio 11090:Ognissanti 10835:La Specola 10761:Casa Guidi 10381:27 October 10070:3 February 10045:3 February 9957:10 October 9877:22 January 9516:15 October 9349:12 October 9101:"Bolgheri" 9084:7 November 9059:28 October 9033:28 October 9007:28 October 8981:28 October 8955:28 October 8927:28 October 8880:28 October 8829:28 October 8799:22 January 8754:28 October 8655:17 October 8633:28 October 8604:24 October 8478:27 October 8444:27 October 8410:27 October 8376:27 October 8342:26 January 8320:26 January 8298:13 October 8248:22 January 7877:17, 23, 24 7735:16 October 7674:9 February 7541:20 January 7456:22 January 7411:28 October 7356:3 November 7332:, L.L.D., 7300:22 January 7189:References 6985:Valladolid 6846:See also: 6633:The Prince 6445:, polymath 6368:See also: 6339:Kent State 6327:Pepperdine 6244:Trenitalia 5998:water polo 5894:boulevards 5781:See also: 5650:Ognissanti 5403:Romanesque 5365:See also: 5282:Arno river 5073:by flood. 5002:(Italian: 4994:Baptistery 4992:) and the 4907:See also: 4889:) and the 4793:See also: 4667:panzanella 4642:prosciutto 4406:See also: 4386:The Prince 4364:Canzoniere 4304:Literature 4276:fiorentino 4268:See also: 4238:, and the 4232:La Specola 4131:Michelozzo 4041:; through 4006:Ognissanti 3926:documents 3896:Baptistery 3690:Botticelli 3679:See also: 3530:See also: 3526:Government 3503:Sangiovese 3458:Copenhagen 3210:Bangladesh 2994:birth rate 2982:urban area 2549:Source 1: 2362:(≥ 1.0 mm) 1842:Arno river 1830:Settignano 1648:prefecture 1636:Napoleonic 1604:Grand Duke 1513:The Prince 1417:Botticelli 1305:Arno river 1297:Golden Age 1236:Villani's 1232:Gothic War 1199:Via Cassia 1149:Louis XIII 899:, 774–797 891:, 570–773 883:, 553–568 875:, 493–553 867:, 476–493 859:, 285–476 779:Florentiae 660:region of 483:fiorentina 478:fiorentino 470:Florentine 442:Population 401:Government 325:11°15′15″E 322:43°46′17″N 13696:Giugliano 13442:Scandicci 13387:Montaione 13367:Impruneta 13352:Fucecchio 13292:Calenzano 13157:Bad Ischl 13134:Timișoara 12994:Marseille 12979:Guimarães 12914:Stavanger 12909:Liverpool 12834:Salamanca 12814:Rotterdam 12764:Reykjavík 12744:Stockholm 12631:Amsterdam 12516:with the 12491:Palmanova 12455:Benevento 12185:Tarquinia 12181:Cerveteri 12086:Dolomites 12072:Northeast 11948:Northwest 11723:Catanzaro 11565:La Pietra 11550:Gamberaia 11456:Belvedere 11326:Landmarks 11261:dei Pulci 11135:S Gaetano 11045:S Trinita 11040:S Spirito 10989:S Lorenzo 10960:Basilicas 9784:9 October 9640:20 August 9635:Bachtrack 8158:129636310 8136:CiteSeerX 7808:161168875 7730:0013-0613 7493:9 October 7179:Florentia 7158:Obsolete 7059:, Estonia 6981:, Finland 6975:, Albania 6909:, Ukraine 6903:, Germany 6880:Edinburgh 6876:, Germany 6870:, Hungary 6862:Bethlehem 6824:Mona Lisa 6724:, painter 6647:, painter 6540:Donatello 6439:, scholar 6286:Education 6168:in Pisa. 6113:Scandicci 6030:ONE Scarl 5892:, 6-lane 5884:, across 5754:Donizetti 5690:San Marco 5596:with the 5399:town hall 5324:with the 5200:Donatello 5176:In 1504, 5134:In 1301, 5090:Etruscans 4986:Campanile 4978:The Duomo 4951:quartiere 4698:olive oil 4655:ribollita 4630:Antipasti 4374:Decameron 4314:Decameron 4155:Il Sodoma 4047:Donatello 3789:Donatello 3712:Donatello 3603:Consiglio 3599:Quartieri 3584:assessors 3520:Ornellaia 3516:Sassicaia 3466:Ljubljana 3170:Sri Lanka 3023:): 0.9%. 3009:Albanians 3005:Romanians 1808:Geography 1753:Eva Braun 1747:Florence 1714:open city 1487:San Marco 1393:patronage 1251:Byzantine 1247:Ostrogoth 1194:army camp 1178:in 1871. 1163:in 1737. 1075:Boccaccio 789:Florentia 767:Etymology 572:Saint day 492:Time zone 468:English: 434:Elevation 13837:Florence 13781:Syracuse 13741:Piacenza 13676:Cagliari 13639:100,000+ 13605:Florence 13583:200,000+ 13552:500,000+ 13417:Reggello 13347:Florence 13322:Dicomano 13317:Certaldo 13184:Chemnitz 13139:Elefsina 13129:Veszprém 13119:Novi Sad 13064:Valletta 12944:Istanbul 12779:Brussels 12774:Helsinki 12621:Florence 12536:Slovenia 12518:Holy See 12387:Syracuse 12305:Oplontis 12195:Florence 12097:Prosecco 12080:Aquileia 11996:Palmaria 11868:Florence 11838:Sardinia 11833:Cagliari 11828:Piedmont 11793:Lombardy 11738:Campania 11728:Calabria 11678:L'Aquila 11656:Regional 11570:Rusciano 11358:Theatres 11067:Churches 10751:Bargello 10732:Florence 10563:11 March 10484:21 March 10419:Archived 10010:Archived 9909:12 April 9719:18 March 9693:18 March 9576:25 March 9545:25 March 9494:25 March 9468:25 March 9446:25 March 9420:25 March 9398:25 March 9372:14 March 8772:Archived 8086:(1819). 7773:40166507 7692:(1994). 7586:Europass 7519:12 April 7274:25 April 7209:16 March 7165:Fiorenza 7065:See also 7047:, France 7035:, Sweden 7029:, Poland 7011:, France 7003:Arequipa 6963:, Brazil 6961:Salvador 6957:, Latvia 6951:, France 6945:, Mexico 6933:, Israel 6931:Nazareth 6915:, Kuwait 6884:Scotland 6868:Budapest 6814:polymath 6645:Masaccio 6595:sculptor 6544:sculptor 6331:Stanford 5907:and the 5856:and the 5841:street. 5819:Futurism 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