86-DOS - Knowledge

492:, who said that Kildall personally demonstrated to him that DOS contained CP/M code by entering a command in DOS that displayed Kildall's name, but Pournelle never revealed the command and nobody has come forward to corroborate his story. A 2004 book about Kildall says that he used such an encrypted message to demonstrate that other manufacturers had copied CP/M, but does not say that he found the message in DOS; instead Kildall's memoir (a source for the book) pointed to the well-known interface similarity. Paterson insists that the 86-DOS software was his original work and has denied referring to or otherwise using CP/M code while writing it. After the 2004 book appeared, he sued the authors and publishers for 2412:

not be able to mount such volumes as (in absence of a BPB) it expects the FAT ID in logical sector 1, assuming only one reserved sector of 512 bytes (the boot sector in logical sector 0) instead of the 52 reserved sectors á 128 bytes used by 86-DOS here. This works for MS-DOS, because the system files are not part of the reserved area under MS-DOS, while under 86-DOS there are no system files and the ca. 6 KB large DOS kernel is located in the reserved area.

4489: 4500: 32: 953:(BPB), as later DOS versions do, to distinguish between different media formats; instead different drive letters were hard-coded at time of compilation to be associated with different physical floppy drives, sides and densities. That meant, depending on its type, a disk had to be addressed under a certain drive letter to be recognized correctly. This concept was later emulated with more flexibility by 2775:(xvii+1053 pages; 29 cm) (NB. This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system. It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass-distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published. Few printed copies survived. It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988. 3347: 529:, this variant already supported 12-bit table elements, reduced the number of FATs from 3 to 2, redefined the semantics of some of the reserved cluster values, and modified the disk layout, so that the root directory was now located between the FAT and the data area. Paterson also increased the previous 9-character length limit to 11 characters in order to support 484:

examined PC DOS and found that it duplicated CP/M's programming interface, he wanted to sue IBM, which at the time claimed that PC DOS was its own product. However, Digital Research's attorney did not believe that the relevant law was clear enough to sue. Nonetheless, Kildall confronted IBM

2411:

8.0" 250.25 KB images formatted under 86-DOS 1.00 sport a FAT ID of FEh, however, in contrast to MS-DOS/PC DOS, 86-DOS does not seem to use this to detect the disk format, as this information is hard-coded into disk profiles associated to certain drive letters at compile-time. MS-DOS would

471:

command which would translate source files from 8080 to 8086 machine instructions. Microsoft licensed 86-DOS to IBM, and it became PC DOS 1.0. This license also permitted Microsoft to sell DOS to other companies, which it did. The deal was spectacularly successful, and SCP later claimed in

968:

to choose among hard-coded disk geometry profiles. In all formats of a volume formatted under MS-DOS that would otherwise be supported by both systems and typically also in all other formats, this ID is located in the first byte of logical sector 1—that is, the volume's second sector with physical

1553:

computer with SCP controller or Cromemco 16FDC controller (by default, this version only supported the MS-DOS-compatible variants of the 8.0 in formats with a single reserved sector but it could be built to provide two extra drive letters to read and write floppies in the previous SCP 86-DOS

964:) with 32-byte directory entries. Only the second one is logically compatible with the FAT12 format known since the release of MS-DOS and PC DOS. MS-DOS still cannot mount such volumes, as in absence of a BPB it falls back to retrieve the FAT ID in the FAT entry for 2298:

for the SCP S-100 computer with SCP-500 Disk Master Floppy controller. It added support for 5.25 in DD/1S (180 KB) and DD/2S (360 KB) FAT12 formats and supported the older formats as well, although possibly with some of the parameters modified compared to

370:

file system information in memory for speed, but this required a user to force an update to a disk before removing it; if the user forgot, the disk would become corrupt. Paterson took the safer, but slower approach of updating the disk with each operation. CP/M's

333:

that Digital Research had initially announced for November 1979, but it was delayed and its release date was uncertain. This was not the first time Digital Research had lagged behind hardware developments; two years earlier it had been slow to adapt CP/M for new

466:

In July 1981, a month before the PC's release, Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS from SCP for US$ 50,000. It met IBM's main criteria: it looked like CP/M, and it was easy to adapt existing 8-bit CP/M programs to run under it, notably thanks to the

3156:; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors". 454:

Microsoft purchased a non-exclusive license for 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products in December 1980 for US$ 25,000. In May 1981, it hired Tim Paterson to port the system to the IBM PC, which used the slower and less expensive

989:) is located elsewhere on disk, making it impossible for MS-DOS to retrieve it, and even if it would, the hard-coded disk profile associated with it would not take this larger reserved sectors region under 86-DOS into account. 2743:; Tomlin, Jim; Vian, Kathleen; Wolverton, Van. Beley, Jim; Preppernau, Barry; Beason, Pam; Lewis, Andrea; Rygmyr, David (eds.). Microsoft Reference Library. Vol. 1 (Original withdrawn ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: 3818: 41: 361:

CP/M programs; porting them to either DOS or CP/M-86 was about equally difficult and eased by the fact that Intel had already published a method that could be used to automatically translate software from the

2985:, but does not mention a specific version number. Version 0.3 is known to be called 86-DOS already, so the name change must have taken place either for version 0.2 or immediately afterwards in August 1980.) 749:

Purchased by Microsoft and renamed to MS-DOS on 27 July 1981, therefore the last version with genuinely matching 86-DOS and MS-DOS version numbers. First version known to implement the 'hidden' attribute.

3132:; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick; 366:

processor, for which CP/M had been designed, to the new 8086 instruction set. At the same time he made a number of changes and enhancements to address what he saw as CP/M's shortcomings. CP/M

426:. CP/M was by far the most popular operating system in use at the time, and IBM felt that it needed CP/M in order to compete. IBM's representatives visited Digital Research and discussed 3395: 622:) in order to add support for a last-modified date stamp (2 bytes) and theoretical file sizes larger than 16 MB (4 bytes), thereby implementing the earliest form of the 325:, demonstrated in June 1979 and shipped in November, were languishing due to the absence of an operating system. The only software that SCP could sell with the board was Microsoft's 3826: 472:

court that Microsoft had concealed its relationship with IBM in order to purchase the operating system cheaply. SCP ultimately received a US$ 1 million settlement payment.

438:. Although the NDA was later accepted, Digital Research would not accept IBM's proposal of US$ 250,000 in exchange for as many copies as IBM could sell, insisting on the usual 3140:; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike; 3136:; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan; 1542:

Various OEM versions of MS-DOS 1.2x and 2.x supported a number of similar 8-inch FAT12 floppy disk formats as well, although not identical to those supported by 86-DOS.

410:

source code from a CP/M disk and translate it to 8086 source code, and promised that only "minor hand correction and optimization" was needed to produce 8086 binaries.

3669: 3200:(xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. 2633:

For unknown reasons, some Microsoft documents give a value of 3 for this entry, where 0 seems correct technically. SCP MS-DOS 1.25 implicitly assumes 0 as well.

3168:; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: 886:

was an almost complete rewrite of DOS, so by March 1983, very little of 86-DOS remained. The most enduring element of 86-DOS was its primitive line editor,

3498: 3283: 3092: 3049: 4565: 3496: 2878:(NB. The article often uses "MS-DOS" to refer to both 86-DOS and MS-DOS, but mentions QDOS and 86-DOS in a sidebar article, "A Short History of MS-DOS".) 353:

Using a CP/M-80 manual as reference, Paterson modeled 86-DOS after its architecture and interfaces, but adapted to meet the requirements of Intel's 8086

3961: 2776: 1006:, but third-party solutions in form of hard disk controllers and corresponding I/O system extensions for 86-DOS were available from companies like 960:

Two logical format variants of the 86-DOS 12-bit FAT format existed—the original format with 16-byte directory entries and the later format (since

3476:

Undocumented DOS: A programmer's guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures - expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1

4364: 3399: 2968: 2942: 4540: 954: 938:-based Cromemco and Tarbell boards supported one-sided, single-density soft-sectored drives. A Tarbell double-density board utilizing the 3440: 2852: 3524: 2434:

command under 86-DOS 1.00 COMMAND.COM seems to initialize a volume's FAT ID byte to FEh regardless of disk drive and format used.

765:

basically reflects 86-DOS 1.14, other sources find a match of PC DOS 1.0 with MS-DOS/86-DOS 1.10 as of 21 July 1981 more likely.

4504: 3729: 3889: 4545: 3927: 4550: 541:. This variant, however, still used 16-byte directory entries and therefore is not compatible with what became later known as 3861:"Seattle Computer Products 8086 S-100 Bus Microcomputer - Picture of 8.0" DD/1S distribution floppy disks for SCP MS-DOS 2.0" 3617: 630:

in MS-DOS/PC DOS later on. 86-DOS retained the capability to read volumes written under older versions of 86-DOS up to

3954: 3662: 2651: 2619: 2600: 2581: 2562: 2543: 2524: 2505: 2486: 2467: 2448: 488:

Controversy has continued to surround the similarity between the two systems. Perhaps the most sensational claim came from

2812: 906:. EDLIN can still be used on contemporary machines, since there is an emulated DOS environment up to Windows 10 (32 bit). 618:

At the indirect request of IBM (through Microsoft) size of directory entries changed from 16 to 32 bytes (similar to

4560: 4001: 978: 3996: 3488: 3263: 3177: 3021: 2999: 2752: 965: 289: 2230: 1496: 946: 517:

Roughly half completed version of the OS. It implemented the original form of Paterson's derivation of Microsoft's

500:

that no defamation had occurred, as the book's claims were opinions based on research or were not provably false.

459:

processor and had its own specific family of peripherals. IBM watched the developments daily, submitting over 300

4530: 4525: 4493: 4114: 3947: 3898: 3738: 593: 3312: 3085: 3042: 372: 3201: 446:, Gates mentioned the existence of 86-DOS, and IBM representative Jack Sams told him to get a license for it. 3343: 1638: 1076: 3933: 375:

command, which copied files, supported several special file names that referred to hardware devices such as

4324: 3779: 406:

95 for owners of its US$ 1,290 8086-board and US$ 195 for others. It touted the software's ability to read

3707:

A ZIP file containing most of the files from 86-DOS 0.75 (1981-04-17/1981-04-18) to 1.00/1.10 (1981-07-21)

2979: 329:, which Microsoft had developed on a prototype of SCP's hardware. SCP wanted to offer the 8086-version of 4409: 4359: 3783: 2909:"CP/M Arrives - IBM releases a tailed-for-the-PC version of CP/M-86 that profits from the learning curve" 942:

was supported as well. Later, SCP offered advanced floppy disk controllers, like the Disk Master series.

118: 890:, which remained the only editor supplied with Microsoft versions of DOS until the June 1991 release of 4439: 2198: 1472: 1011: 927: 3860: 4029: 3658: 2938: 895: 318: 266: 181: 56: 3368: 2504:, but this entry for the logical sectors per cluster (allocation units) corresponds with BPB offset 40: 3412: 3394: 3043:"86-DOS version 0.3 (1980-11-15) License Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft" 2561:, but this entry for the number of root directory entries (á 32 bytes) corresponds with BPB offset 2312: 974: 915: 619: 526: 435: 380: 326: 977:(LBA) address 1—since MS-DOS assumes a single reserved sector, the boot sector. Under 86-DOS, the 4354: 4329: 3621: 2908: 3013: 3003: 357:

processor, for easy (and partially automated) source-level translatability of the many existing

4555: 4139: 3448: 2952: 2866: 2205: 2201: 2190: 1475: 1467: 1007: 939: 935: 832: 211: 3160:. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim; 4535: 3970: 3847: 3804: 3645: 3333: 3300: 3291: 3256: 3213: 2357: 2349: 668:

found in 86-DOS 1.00 mentions that it is the "I/O System for 86-DOS version 0.60 and later".

423: 396: 3546: 4006: 2643: 2615: 2596: 2577: 2558: 2539: 2520: 2501: 2482: 2463: 2444: 2261: 1630: 1545:

Disk formats supported by one of the last versions developed by Tim Paterson at Microsoft,

1518: 1489: 1071: 970: 950: 931: 403: 228: 67: 3252:

They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators

2447:, but this entry for the number of physical sectors per track corresponds with BPB offset 16:

Discontinued computer operating system for x86 processors and predecessor to MS-DOS/PC DOS

8: 4299: 3742: 2429: 878:

By 1982, when IBM asked Microsoft to release a version of DOS that was compatible with a

842: 782: 376: 2523:, but this entry for the number of reserved logical sectors corresponds with BPB offset 485:

and persuaded them to offer CP/M-86 with the PC in exchange for a release of liability.

387:

so that any program could use them. He gave his copying program the more intuitive name

4279: 4274: 4119: 4011: 3902: 3474: 3108: 3065: 2964: 2739:. By Bornstein, Howard; Bredehoeft, Lawrence; Duncan, Ray; Morris, Carol; Rose, David; 2599:, but this entry for the number of logical sectors per FAT corresponds with BPB offset 818: 798: 538: 388: 4419: 3843: 3800: 3641: 3538: 3484: 3304: 3284:"The Origins of DOS: DOS Creator Gives His View of Relationship Between CP/M, MS-DOS" 3259: 3250: 3191: 3183: 3173: 3153: 3017: 2956: 2853:"An Inside Look at MS-DOS - The design decisions behind the popular operating system" 2766: 2758: 2748: 2728: 2580:, but this entry for the total number of logical sectors corresponds with BPB offset 861: 813: 808: 803: 367: 187: 75: 3111:

case as exhibit #2. The document also carries a typed date stamp as of 1981-07-22.)

497: 262: 223: 154: 149: 3706: 4169: 3839: 3819:"Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public" 3796: 3637: 3636:(NB. While the publishers claim this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is 3529: 3169: 3165: 3149: 2995: 2947: 2857: 2744: 2337: 1546: 1003: 879: 489: 468: 431: 339: 161: 292:

was very similar to that of CP/M. The system was licensed and then purchased by

4124: 3939: 3480: 3121: 2822: 2732: 2295: 1455: 518: 460: 322: 204: 3838:(NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is 3795:(NB. While the author claims this would be MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0, it actually is 3411:. Seattle, Washington, USA. Case 2:05-cv-01719-TSZ Document 29. Archived from 2678: 2618:, but this entry for the number of hidden sectors corresponds with BPB offset 2485:, but this entry for the bytes per logical sector corresponds with BPB offset 1605: 1597: 1580: 1052: 1047: 1034: 981:

is significantly larger (whole tracks), and therefore the prototypical FAT ID

4519: 4414: 4269: 4164: 3542: 3470: 3407: 3308: 3161: 3141: 3137: 3129: 2960: 2770: 2720: 2716: 2382: 1563: 1023: 899: 3766: 3195: 4289: 4244: 3613: 3520: 3436: 3329: 3279: 3242: 3145: 2848: 2724: 2378: 2345: 2341: 534: 481: 343: 60: 4434: 4099: 3717: 3338: 3246: 3009: 2913: 2373: 2300: 2158: 1441: 680: 635: 631: 392: 384: 335: 276:

86-DOS shared a few of its commands with other operating systems such as

215: 3086:"86-DOS Sales Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft" 4184: 4174: 4071: 4061: 4041: 3133: 3125: 2889: 2740: 2712: 2708: 891: 883: 762: 639: 623: 493: 456: 443: 363: 270: 242: 72: 51: 4429: 4384: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4239: 3625: 3373: 2466:, but this entry for the number of heads corresponds with BPB offset 919: 866: 522: 439: 427: 407: 293: 141: 2542:, but this entry for the number of FATs corresponds with BPB offset 918:

filesystem on a range of 8-inch and 5.25-inch floppy disk drives on

653:

Support for disk blocking/deblocking as requested since 1981-01-15.

4459: 4424: 4224: 4209: 4204: 4149: 4144: 4034: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3396:

United States District Court for the Western District of Washington

2216: 1483: 923: 3558:(NB. This source mentions the 1981-07-27 as the date of purchase.) 4474: 4444: 4399: 4374: 4309: 4304: 4294: 4199: 4189: 4179: 4159: 4129: 4104: 4081: 4076: 4066: 3991: 3891:

86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - Programmer's Manual

2817: 2361: 2317: 626:

file system logically fully compatible with what became known as

463:

before it accepted the product and wrote the user manual for it.

347: 285: 3897:. Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: 3737:. Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: 3502: 3187: 2703: 2701: 2699: 4454: 4449: 4349: 4339: 4334: 4314: 4264: 4229: 4154: 4051: 4024: 3988: 3114: 2762: 2685:. Mountain View, CA, United States: Vintage Computer Federation 2647: 903: 837: 354: 301: 297: 238: 3462: 3361: 31: 4469: 4404: 4394: 4379: 4344: 4234: 4194: 4056: 4046: 3144:; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil; 2696: 2294:

In 1984 Seattle Computer Products released an OEM version of

887: 847: 627: 567: 542: 358: 3651: 3235: 2344:

demonstrated to him a way to display Kildall's name in DOS,

4464: 4389: 4369: 4319: 4284: 4134: 3864: 3731:

86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual

3120: 2806: 2804: 2369: 992: 530: 330: 281: 277: 197: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 2988: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2737:

MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia

383:. Paterson built these names into the operating system as 4092: 3657: 3618:"Microsoft DOS V1.1 and V2.0: /msdos/v11source/MSDOS.ASM" 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3468: 3272: 2937: 2670: 2650:

corresponds with the media descriptor byte at BPB offset

2365: 419: 174: 85: 3473:; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) . 3429: 3221: 3369:"Programmer sues author over role in Microsoft history" 3005:

Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer

2781: 3561: 3388: 3760: 2981:(NB. The SCP advertisement already calls the product 2330: 607:

Cleaned up release for SCP OEMs including Microsoft.

3936:

in the Altair 8800 SIMH simulator by Howard M. Harte

3711: 3400:"Paterson v. Little, Brown, and Co., et al. - Order" 2894:

Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires

2707: 3771: 2627: 2385:. Jorito, Maggoo, John Hassink, MSX Resource Center 3722: 3241: 2933: 2931: 442:-based plan. In later discussions between IBM and 430:with Digital Research's licensing representative, 395:, he drew on Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-86's 3810: 3158:The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2 1014:within the size limits of the FAT12 file system. 545:in MS-DOS/PC DOS. Possibly shipped already. 4517: 3969: 3037: 3035: 3033: 2994: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 922:floppy disk controller hardware manufactured by 914:Seattle Computer Products' 86-DOS supported the 475: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 2928: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 1554:8.0 in disk formats since 0.42 as well): 1002:86-DOS did not offer any specific support for 422:was developing what would become the original 3955: 3322: 3030: 2836: 2415: 402:By mid-1980 SCP advertised 86-DOS, priced at 3687: 2900: 2396: 581:First version licensed by SCP to Microsoft. 3071: 4566:Products and services discontinued in 1981 4499: 3962: 3948: 3767:MS-DOS 1.25 disk images for SIMH simulator 3718:86-DOS 1.00 disk images for SIMH simulator 3495:(xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5"-floppy) Errata: 2951:(Advertisement). Vol. 5, no. 8. 2636: 2608: 2589: 2570: 2551: 2532: 2513: 2494: 2475: 2456: 2437: 1010:, making hard disks accessible similar to 434:(née McEwen), who hesitated to sign IBM's 342:. In April 1980, SCP assigned 24-year-old 144:-based micro-computers with 8086 processor 3206: 909: 570:added. Renamed to 86-DOS by August 1980. 3853: 3612: 3519: 3435: 3328: 3278: 2847: 2676: 2377: 317:86-DOS was created because sales of the 3777: 2943:"86-DOS - 8086 OPERATING SYSTEM - $ 95" 4518: 3479:(2 ed.). Reading, Massachusetts: 2810: 2336:Somewhat ironically in the context of 3943: 3816: 3220:(Podcast). 2006-10-16. Archived from 2906: 2881: 449: 3780:"Microsoft MS-DOS early source code" 825: 788: 592:First version distributed by SCP to 4541:Floppy disk-based operating systems 2679:"The Original DOS and the Old Days" 995:floppy media were readable through 945:86-DOS did not take advantage of a 642:and higher no longer supported it. 45:A sample 86-DOS session (simulated) 13: 3882: 2727:; Peters, Chris; Phillips, Bruce; 957:under DOS 3.x and later versions. 391:. Rather than implementing CP/M's 14: 4577: 3921: 2888:Cringely, Robert X. (June 1996). 290:application programming interface 4498: 4488: 4487: 2813:"The Roots of DOS: Tim Paterson" 1312: 259:Quick and Dirty Operating System 39: 30: 3899:Seattle Computer Products, Inc. 3739:Seattle Computer Products, Inc. 3675:from the original on 2020-02-19 3350:from the original on 2021-12-03 3098:from the original on 2020-02-19 3055:from the original on 2020-02-18 2715:; King, Adrian; Larson, Chris; 2652: 2620: 2601: 2582: 2563: 2544: 2525: 2506: 2487: 2468: 2449: 2430: 1776:Byte payload / physical sector 1172:Byte payload / physical sector 986: 982: 413: 4546:Discontinued operating systems 3377:. Associated Press. 2005-02-03 3148:; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris; 3107:(NB. Published as part of the 3064:(NB. Published as part of the 2735:(1986). "Technical advisors". 2195:Cromemco / Tarbell FD1771 634:at the least, whereas generic 480:When Digital Research founder 288:programs from the latter. Its 1: 4551:Proprietary operating systems 3786:Historical Source Code Series 3344:Ziff-Davis Publishing Company 2663: 1276:86-DOS 0.42 and higher only) 521:. In contrast to the earlier 476:Intellectual property dispute 3863:. 2009-11-22. Archived from 3342:. Vol. 16, no. 9. 2811:Hunter, David (March 1983). 2677:Paterson, Tim (2018-08-05). 2213:Tarbell FD1791 / FD1793 2210:Tarbell FD1791 / FD1793 346:to develop a substitute for 123:86-DOS 1.10 / July 1981 7: 4030:Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1 3784:The Computer History Museum 3778:Shustek, Len (2014-03-24). 3525:"A Short History of MS-DOS" 2642:DOS 1.x does not support a 2614:DOS 1.x does not support a 2595:DOS 1.x does not support a 2576:DOS 1.x does not support a 2557:DOS 1.x does not support a 2538:DOS 1.x does not support a 2519:DOS 1.x does not support a 2500:DOS 1.x does not support a 2481:DOS 1.x does not support a 2462:DOS 1.x does not support a 2443:DOS 1.x does not support a 2306: 776: 771: 503: 125:; 43 years ago 105:; 44 years ago 10: 4582: 4561:Assembly language software 4440:Technical Support SuperDOS 3008:(2nd ed.). New York: 2364:1, when he developed this 1834:Logical sectors / cluster 1212:Logical sectors / cluster 996: 761:According to Tim Paterson 312: 307: 265:developed and marketed by 4483: 4217: 4090: 3987: 3978: 3817:Levin, Roy (2014-03-25). 3663:"SCP 86-DOS 1.0 Addendum" 3659:Seattle Computer Products 2939:Seattle Computer Products 2907:Edlin, Jim (1982-06-07). 2656:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2646:, but this entry for the 2624:under DOS 3.0 and higher. 2605:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2586:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2567:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2548:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2529:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2510:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2491:under DOS 2.0 and higher. 2472:under DOS 3.0 and higher. 2453:under DOS 3.0 and higher. 2348:claims to have hidden an 2039:Total number of clusters 1863:Reserved logical sectors 1718:Physical sectors / track 1232:Reserved logical sectors 1132:Physical sectors / track 896:text-based user interface 596:and Microsoft as 86-DOS. 319:Seattle Computer Products 296:and developed further as 267:Seattle Computer Products 234: 222: 203: 193: 180: 170: 160: 148: 137: 117: 99: 91: 81: 66: 57:Seattle Computer Products 50: 38: 29: 3930:from Paterson Technology 3218:The TWiT Netcast Network 2383:"The History of MSX-DOS" 2372:clone resembling 86-DOS/ 2323: 2189:Cromemco / Tarbell 1660:Formatted capacity (KB) 1092:Formatted capacity (KB) 975:logical block addressing 873: 785:is supported by 86-DOS. 527:Standalone Disk BASIC-86 436:non-disclosure agreement 327:Standalone Disk BASIC-86 284:, which made it easy to 3823:Official Microsoft Blog 3622:Computer History Museum 2121:sector+/ head+/ track+ 1805:Bytes / logical sector 1192:Bytes / logical sector 973:(CHS) address 0/0/2 or 961: 727:Modified system calls. 450:Creation of PC DOS 4531:Disk operating systems 4526:Microcomputer software 4140:Datapac System Manager 3971:Disk operating systems 2953:BYTE Publications Inc. 2867:Byte Publications Inc. 2126:First physical sector 2112:sector+/ head+/ track+ 2109:sector+/ head+/ track+ 1981:Logical sectors / FAT 1952:Total logical sectors 1921:Root directory entries 1418:First physical sector 1407:sector+/ head+/ track+ 1338:Logical sectors / FAT 1318:Total logical sectors 1296:Root directory entries 1272:Root directory entries 1008:Tallgrass Technologies 936:Western Digital FD1771 910:Supported disk formats 781:The following list of 212:Command-line interface 3848:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11 3805:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11 3646:TeleVideo PC DOS 2.11 3301:MicroDesign Resources 3292:Microprocessor Report 3257:Little, Brown and Co. 2731:; Stillmaker, Betty; 2225:SCP / Cromemco 16FDC 2068:Logical sector order 1549:(March 1982) for the 1378:Logical sector order 979:reserved sectors area 496:. The court ruled in 424:IBM Personal Computer 397:File Allocation Table 273:-based computer kit. 253:(known internally as 95:Historic, unsupported 3928:86-DOS documentation 3901:1980. Archived from 3741:1980. Archived from 3068:case as exhibit #1.) 2222:SCP / Cromemco 16FDC 971:cylinder-head-sector 951:BIOS parameter block 932:North Star Computers 716:Added system calls. 525:filesystem found in 261:) is a discontinued 4300:DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11 3979:MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS, 3214:"this WEEK in TECH" 928:Tarbell Electronics 894:, which included a 539:File Control Blocks 399:(FAT) file system. 381:communication ports 26: 4280:Concurrent DOS V60 4275:Concurrent DOS 68K 4120:Concurrent CP/M-86 3981:compatible systems 3934:Run SCP 86-DOS 1.0 3469:Schulman, Andrew; 3245:; Buckland, Gail; 3109:Comes v. Microsoft 3066:Comes v. Microsoft 556:Bug fix shipment. 24: 4513: 4512: 4020: 4019: 3844:Altos MS-DOS 2.11 3842:and a mixture of 3801:Altos MS-DOS 2.11 3799:and a mixture of 3782:. Software Gems: 3642:Altos MS-DOS 2.11 3640:and a mixture of 3152:; Pollock, John; 2352:, displaying his 2292: 2291: 1540: 1539: 1466:Cromemco/Tarbell 826:External commands 789:Internal commands 769: 768: 550:QDOS/86-DOS 0.11 418:In October 1980, 248: 247: 188:Monolithic kernel 76:assembly language 4573: 4502: 4501: 4491: 4490: 3985: 3984: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3941: 3940: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3907: 3896: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3857: 3851: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3825:. Archived from 3814: 3808: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3775: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3747: 3736: 3726: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3704: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3674: 3667: 3655: 3649: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3610: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3545:. Archived from 3517: 3500: 3494: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3447:. Archived from 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3417: 3404: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3311:. Archived from 3288: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3210: 3204: 3199: 3166:Petzold, Charles 3150:Petzold, Charles 3118: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3028: 3027: 2996:Freiberger, Paul 2992: 2986: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2896:. Season 1. PBS. 2885: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2845: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2821:. Archived from 2808: 2779: 2774: 2705: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2690: 2674: 2657: 2654: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2413: 2409: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2334: 2186:Controller type 1947:112 (7 sectors) 1747:Number of heads 1689:Cylinders (CHS) 1557: 1556: 1463:Controller type 1413:sector+/ track+ 1152:Number of heads 1112:Cylinders (CHS) 1017: 1016: 988: 984: 667: 615:25 February 1981 604:29 December 1980 578:15 November 1980 561:QDOS/86-DOS 0.2 508: 507: 498:summary judgment 340:hard disk drives 263:operating system 138:Marketing target 133: 131: 126: 113: 111: 106: 43: 34: 27: 23: 21:Operating system 4581: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4479: 4218:Other platforms 4213: 4170:NetWare PalmDOS 4086: 4016: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3924: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3883:Further reading 3880: 3879: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3840:SCP MS-DOS 1.25 3832: 3830: 3815: 3811: 3797:SCP MS-DOS 1.25 3789: 3787: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3656: 3652: 3638:SCP MS-DOS 1.25 3630: 3628: 3616:(2013-12-19) . 3611: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3518: 3503: 3491: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3441:"Design of DOS" 3434: 3430: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3402: 3398:(2007-07-25) . 3393: 3389: 3380: 3378: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3351: 3334:"DOS Testimony" 3327: 3323: 3315: 3286: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3240: 3236: 3227: 3225: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3180: 3170:Microsoft Press 3154:Reynolds, Aaron 3122:Zbikowski, Mark 3119: 3115: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3072: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3031: 3024: 3000:Swaine, Michael 2993: 2989: 2973: 2971: 2941:(August 1980). 2936: 2929: 2920: 2918: 2905: 2901: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2826: 2809: 2782: 2755: 2745:Microsoft Press 2733:Zbikowski, Mark 2729:Reynolds, Aaron 2706: 2697: 2688: 2686: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2660: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2613: 2609: 2594: 2590: 2575: 2571: 2556: 2552: 2537: 2533: 2518: 2514: 2499: 2495: 2480: 2476: 2461: 2457: 2442: 2438: 2427: 2416: 2410: 2397: 2388: 2386: 2338:Jerry Pournelle 2335: 2331: 2326: 2309: 2118:sector+/ track+ 2115:sector+/ track+ 2106:sector+/ track+ 2103:sector+/ track+ 2100:sector+/ track+ 2097:Sector mapping 2010:Hidden sectors 1941:64 (16 sectors) 1938:192 (6 sectors) 1935:128 (4 sectors) 1929:68 (17 sectors) 1926:64 (16 sectors) 1922: 1892:Number of FATs 1589:5.25 inch 1410:sector+/ track+ 1404:sector+/ track+ 1401:sector+/ track+ 1398:Sector mapping 1358:Hidden sectors 1297: 1291:64 (8 sectors) 1288:64 (16 sectors) 1285:128 (4 sectors) 1279:64 (16 sectors) 1275: 1273: 1252:Number of FATs 1039:5.25 inch 912: 884:PC DOS 2.0 880:hard disk drive 876: 871: 828: 823: 791: 779: 774: 763:PC DOS 1.0 665: 640:PC DOS 1.1 506: 490:Jerry Pournelle 478: 461:change requests 452: 432:Dorothy Kildall 416: 315: 310: 206: 162:Package manager 129: 127: 124: 109: 107: 104: 100:Initial release 46: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4579: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4496: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4125:Concurrent DOS 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3931: 3923: 3922:External links 3920: 3919: 3918: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3852: 3809: 3770: 3759: 3721: 3710: 3686: 3684:(1+14+1 pages) 3650: 3560: 3537:(6 ed.). 3501: 3489: 3481:Addison Wesley 3471:Brown, Ralf D. 3461: 3439:(2007-09-30). 3428: 3387: 3360: 3346:. p. 24. 3332:(1997-05-06). 3321: 3318:on 2012-05-31. 3282:(1994-10-03). 3271: 3264: 3234: 3205: 3178: 3172:. p. 20. 3162:Letwin, Gordon 3138:McDonald, Marc 3130:Ballmer, Steve 3113: 3091:. 1981-07-27. 3070: 3048:. 1981-01-06. 3029: 3022: 2987: 2927: 2899: 2880: 2835: 2780: 2753: 2717:Letwin, Gordon 2695: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2635: 2626: 2607: 2588: 2569: 2550: 2531: 2512: 2493: 2474: 2455: 2436: 2428:Executing the 2414: 2395: 2381:(2014-02-17). 2340:'s claim that 2328: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2308: 2305: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944:64 (4 sectors) 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932:96 (3 sectors) 1930: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586:5.25 inch 1584: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1481: 1480:Tarbell FD1791 1478: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1282:96 (3 sectors) 1280: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1247:30 (3 tracks) 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1035:5.25 inch 1032: 1029: 1026: 1021: 911: 908: 898:editor called 875: 872: 870: 869: 864: 859: 856: 853: 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 827: 824: 822: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 792: 790: 787: 778: 775: 773: 770: 767: 766: 759: 756: 752: 751: 747: 744: 740: 739: 736: 733: 729: 728: 725: 722: 718: 717: 714: 711: 707: 706: 703: 700: 696: 695: 692: 689: 685: 684: 677: 674: 670: 669: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 648: 644: 643: 616: 613: 609: 608: 605: 602: 598: 597: 590: 587: 583: 582: 579: 576: 572: 571: 565: 562: 558: 557: 554: 551: 547: 546: 519:FAT filesystem 515: 512: 505: 502: 477: 474: 451: 448: 415: 412: 314: 311: 309: 306: 269:(SCP) for its 246: 245: 236: 232: 231: 226: 220: 219: 209: 207:user interface 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 164: 158: 157: 152: 146: 145: 139: 135: 134: 121: 119:Latest release 115: 114: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 70: 64: 63: 54: 48: 47: 44: 36: 35: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4578: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556:1979 software 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4506: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415:Sinclair QDOS 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270:Commodore DOS 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4165:Multiuser DOS 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3908:on 2019-06-23 3904: 3900: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3867:on 2013-09-04 3866: 3862: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3829:on 2014-03-28 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3763: 3748:on 2019-07-14 3744: 3740: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3671: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614:Paterson, Tim 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3549:on 2015-10-31 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3523:(June 1983). 3522: 3521:Paterson, Tim 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3499: 3497: 3492: 3490:0-201-63287-X 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3465: 3451:on 2013-01-20 3450: 3446: 3445:DosMan Drivel 3442: 3438: 3437:Paterson, Tim 3432: 3418:on 2018-10-03 3414: 3410: 3409: 3408:Seattle Times 3401: 3397: 3391: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3330:Paterson, Tim 3325: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3280:Paterson, Tim 3275: 3267: 3265:0-316-27766-5 3261: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3243:Evans, Harold 3238: 3224:on 2013-04-18 3223: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3179:1-55615-049-0 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146:Paterson, Tim 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3094: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3025: 3023:0-07-135892-7 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2955:p. 173. 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2851:(June 1983). 2850: 2849:Paterson, Tim 2844: 2842: 2840: 2825:on 2019-09-06 2824: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2754:0-914845-69-1 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725:Paterson, Tim 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2669: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2630: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2433: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2384: 2380: 2379:Paterson, Tim 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2356:name, in the 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2302: 2297: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155:Sector index 2154: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1923:(á 32 bytes) 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1881:54 (3 tracks) 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1866:52 (2 tracks) 1865: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438:Sector index 1437: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1298:(á 16 bytes) 1295: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1244:54 (3 tracks) 1243: 1240: 1237: 1235:52 (2 tracks) 1234: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1012:superfloppies 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 980: 976: 972: 967: 963: 958: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 905: 901: 900:MS-DOS Editor 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 868: 865: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 794: 793: 786: 784: 764: 760: 757: 754: 753: 748: 745: 742: 741: 737: 734: 731: 730: 726: 724:28 April 1981 723: 720: 719: 715: 713:27 April 1981 712: 709: 708: 704: 702:23 April 1981 701: 698: 697: 693: 691:17 April 1981 690: 687: 686: 682: 678: 676:15 April 1981 675: 672: 671: 663: 661:27 March 1981 660: 657: 656: 652: 650:23 March 1981 649: 646: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 614: 611: 610: 606: 603: 600: 599: 595: 591: 588: 585: 584: 580: 577: 574: 573: 569: 566: 563: 560: 559: 555: 552: 549: 548: 544: 540: 536: 535:8.3 filenames 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 513: 510: 509: 501: 499: 495: 491: 486: 483: 473: 470: 464: 462: 458: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 411: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 365: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 332: 328: 324: 320: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 244: 240: 237: 233: 230: 227: 225: 221: 217: 213: 210: 208: 202: 199: 196: 194:Influenced by 192: 189: 186: 183: 179: 176: 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 156: 153: 151: 147: 143: 140: 136: 122: 120: 116: 102: 98: 94: 92:Working state 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 71: 69: 65: 62: 58: 55: 53: 49: 42: 37: 33: 28: 19: 4536:DOS variants 4290:Cromemco DOS 4245:Apple ProDOS 4109: 3910:. Retrieved 3903:the original 3890: 3869:. Retrieved 3865:the original 3855: 3831:. Retrieved 3827:the original 3822: 3812: 3788:. Retrieved 3773: 3762: 3750:. Retrieved 3743:the original 3730: 3724: 3713: 3677:. Retrieved 3653: 3629:. Retrieved 3551:. Retrieved 3547:the original 3534: 3528: 3475: 3464: 3453:. Retrieved 3449:the original 3444: 3431: 3420:. Retrieved 3413:the original 3406: 3390: 3379:. Retrieved 3372: 3363: 3352:. Retrieved 3337: 3324: 3313:the original 3296: 3290: 3274: 3251: 3247:Lefer, David 3237: 3226:. Retrieved 3222:the original 3217: 3208: 3157: 3116: 3100:. Retrieved 3057:. Retrieved 3004: 2990: 2982: 2972:. Retrieved 2946: 2919:. Retrieved 2912: 2902: 2893: 2883: 2871:. Retrieved 2862: 2856: 2827:. Retrieved 2823:the original 2816: 2736: 2687:. Retrieved 2682: 2672: 2638: 2629: 2610: 2591: 2572: 2553: 2534: 2515: 2496: 2477: 2458: 2439: 2387:. Retrieved 2353: 2346:Tim Paterson 2342:Gary Kildall 2332: 2293: 1663:250.25 (SCP) 1550: 1544: 1541: 1274:(á 32 bytes, 1001: 991: 959: 944: 913: 877: 780: 755:86-DOS 1.14 746:21 July 1981 743:86-DOS 1.10 732:86-DOS 1.01 721:86-DOS 1.00 710:86-DOS 0.80 699:86-DOS 0.76 688:86-DOS 0.75 681:device files 673:86-DOS 0.74 658:86-DOS 0.60 647:86-DOS 0.56 612:86-DOS 0.42 601:86-DOS 0.34 586:86-DOS 0.33 487: 482:Gary Kildall 479: 465: 453: 417: 414:IBM interest 401: 385:device files 352: 344:Tim Paterson 338:formats and 323:computer kit 316: 275: 258: 254: 250: 249: 235:Succeeded by 150:Available in 61:Tim Paterson 18: 4435:SpartaDOS X 3339:PC Magazine 3336:. Letters. 3142:O'Rear, Bob 3134:Gates, Bill 3126:Allen, Paul 3012:. pp. 3010:McGraw-Hill 2914:PC Magazine 2741:Socha, John 2721:O'Rear, Bob 2713:Gates, Bill 2709:Allen, Paul 2374:MS-DOS 1.25 2301:MS-DOS 1.25 2219:4FDC FD1771 1666:250.25 (MS) 1627:Modulation 1577:8 inch 1574:8 inch 1571:8 inch 1568:8 inch 1564:8 inch 1551:SCP Gazelle 1547:MS-DOS 1.25 1068:Modulation 1031:8 inch 1028:8 inch 1024:8 inch 1004:fixed disks 993:CP/M 2 962:86-DOS 0.42 902:, based on 735:12 May 1981 636:MS-DOS 1.20 632:MS-DOS 1.14 575:86-DOS 0.3 393:file system 336:floppy disk 302:PC DOS 229:Proprietary 216:COMMAND.COM 4520:Categories 4185:PC-MOS/386 4175:Novell DOS 4072:SISNE plus 4062:Novell DOS 4042:IBM PC DOS 4002:Comparison 3917:(41 pages) 3912:2011-09-13 3871:2014-05-06 3833:2014-03-29 3790:2014-03-29 3757:(59 pages) 3752:2019-07-14 3679:2013-04-02 3631:2014-03-25 3553:2013-08-18 3455:2011-07-04 3422:2014-12-21 3381:2006-11-28 3354:2021-12-03 3228:2006-11-28 3102:2013-04-01 3059:2013-04-01 2974:2013-08-18 2921:2013-10-21 2873:2013-10-19 2829:2013-08-18 2689:2022-03-01 2664:References 2389:2014-05-31 2350:easter egg 2296:MS-DOS 2.0 1672:1232 (SCP) 1583: inch 955:DRIVER.SYS 892:MS-DOS 5.0 758:1981-10/11 624:12-bit FAT 620:MDOS/MIDAS 511:QDOS 0.10 494:defamation 457:Intel 8088 444:Bill Gates 364:Intel 8080 271:Intel 8086 243:IBM PC DOS 68:Written in 4430:SpartaDOS 4385:NewDos/80 4260:Atari TOS 4255:Atari DOS 4250:Apple SOS 4240:Apple DOS 3626:Microsoft 3543:0360-5280 3374:USA Today 3309:0899-9341 3002:(2000) . 2961:0360-5280 2890:"Part II" 2771:635600205 2376:in 1983: 2264:Presence 1675:1232 (MS) 1521:presence 1513:No (FEh) 1490:NorthStar 966:cluster 0 738:Bug fix. 705:Bug fix. 694:Bug fix. 666:DOSIO.ASM 664:The file 523:8-bit FAT 428:licensing 408:Zilog Z80 294:Microsoft 171:Platforms 82:OS family 52:Developer 4494:Category 4460:TurboDOS 4425:SmartDOS 4365:MicroDOS 4225:AmigaDOS 4210:TurboDOS 4205:Towns OS 4150:K8918-OS 4145:DOS Plus 4035:MS-DOS 7 4007:Commands 3997:Timeline 3670:Archived 3661:(1981). 3348:Archived 3249:(2004). 3196:16581341 3188:87-21452 3093:Archived 3050:Archived 2360:code of 2307:See also 2217:Cromemco 2204: / 1594:Density 1510:No (FEh) 1507:No (FEh) 1504:No (FEh) 1501:No (FEh) 1484:Cromemco 1044:Density 949:byte or 924:Cromemco 855:MAKRDCPM 783:commands 777:Commands 772:Features 589:1980-12 564:1980-08 553:1980-08 504:Versions 377:printers 59: / 4475:Z80-RIO 4445:Top-DOS 4400:RealDOS 4375:MSX-DOS 4310:DOS/360 4305:DIP DOS 4295:CSI-DOS 4200:SCP1700 4190:REAL/32 4180:OpenDOS 4160:MP/M-86 4130:CP/M-86 4105:4690 OS 4100:4680 OS 4082:FreeDOS 4077:PTS-DOS 4067:ROM-DOS 3303:(MDR). 3014:332–333 2818:Softalk 2763:86-8640 2683:YouTube 2368:-based 2362:MSX-DOS 2318:MSX-DOS 2199:Tarbell 1473:Tarbell 1458:(10+1) 1095:250.25 852:HEX2BIN 533:-style 514:1980-07 440:royalty 348:CP/M-86 313:Origins 308:History 224:License 205:Default 155:English 130:1981-07 128: ( 108: ( 4503: 4492: 4455:TRSDOS 4450:TR-DOS 4350:iS-DOS 4340:IDEDOS 4335:GEMDOS 4315:DOS XL 4265:BW-DOS 4230:AMSDOS 4155:FlexOS 4110:86-DOS 4091:Other 4052:DR-DOS 4025:MS-DOS 3541: 3487: 3307: 3299:(13). 3262: 3194: 3186: 3176: 3020: 2983:86-DOS 2969:BYTEDJ 2967: 2959: 2769: 2761: 2751: 2648:FAT ID 2231:FAT ID 2206:FD1793 2202:FD1791 2191:FD1771 1497:FAT ID 1486:FD1771 1476:FD1791 1468:FD1771 947:FAT ID 940:FD1791 934:. The 904:QBasic 838:CHKDSK 814:RENAME 679:Added 368:cached 355:16-bit 298:MS-DOS 257:, for 251:86-DOS 239:MS-DOS 182:Kernel 25:86-DOS 4470:Z-DOS 4405:SB-80 4395:PTDOS 4380:MyDOS 4345:IMDOS 4235:ANDOS 4195:SB-86 4057:H-DOS 4047:DOS/V 4012:Games 3973:(DOS) 3906:(PDF) 3895:(PDF) 3746:(PDF) 3735:(PDF) 3673:(PDF) 3666:(PDF) 3416:(PDF) 3403:(PDF) 3316:(PDF) 3287:(PDF) 3096:(PDF) 3089:(PDF) 3053:(PDF) 3046:(PDF) 2965:CODEN 2869:: 230 2861:. 6. 2431:CLEAR 2324:Notes 2313:MIDAS 2181:Soft 1560:Size 1107:87.5 1101:1232 1020:Size 997:RDCPM 985:(and 920:S-100 916:FAT12 888:EDLIN 874:EDLIN 867:TRANS 858:RDCPM 848:EDLIN 843:DEBUG 809:ERASE 795:CLEAR 628:FAT12 568:EDLIN 543:FAT12 469:TRANS 359:8-bit 321:8086 142:S-100 4505:List 4465:UDOS 4420:RDOS 4390:OS/M 4370:MP/M 4360:MDOS 4355:ISIS 4330:FLEX 4320:Edos 4285:CP/M 4135:CP/K 4115:ADOS 3846:and 3803:and 3644:and 3539:ISSN 3530:Byte 3485:ISBN 3305:ISSN 3260:ISBN 3192:OCLC 3184:LCCN 3174:ISBN 3018:ISBN 2957:ISSN 2948:Byte 2917:: 43 2858:Byte 2767:OCLC 2759:LCCN 2749:ISBN 2653:0x0A 2621:0x11 2602:0x0B 2583:0x08 2564:0x06 2545:0x05 2526:0x03 2507:0x02 2488:0x00 2469:0x0F 2450:0x0D 2370:CP/M 2256:FFh 2178:Soft 2175:Soft 2172:Soft 2169:Soft 2166:Soft 2163:Soft 2159:Soft 2063:315 2054:1227 1976:640 1967:1232 1964:1232 1958:2002 1955:2002 1829:512 1820:1024 1817:1024 1814:1024 1800:512 1791:1024 1788:1024 1785:1024 1684:320 1655:MFM 1581:5.25 1456:Hard 1452:Soft 1449:Soft 1446:Soft 1442:Soft 1333:350 1327:1232 1321:2002 1207:256 1201:1024 1198:1024 1187:256 1181:1024 1178:1024 1098:616 987:0xFF 983:0xFE 930:and 819:TYPE 799:COPY 594:OEMs 537:and 531:CP/M 404:US$ 389:COPY 379:and 331:CP/M 300:and 286:port 282:CP/M 280:and 278:OS/8 255:QDOS 198:CP/M 184:type 110:1980 103:1980 73:8086 4410:SCP 4325:EOS 4093:x86 3992:API 2644:BPB 2616:BPB 2597:BPB 2578:BPB 2559:BPB 2540:BPB 2521:BPB 2502:BPB 2483:BPB 2464:BPB 2445:BPB 2366:Z80 2358:FAT 2354:own 2288:No 2262:BPB 2253:FEh 2250:FEh 2247:FEh 2244:FEh 2241:FEh 2238:FEh 2235:FEh 2060:313 2045:497 1973:320 1970:720 1961:616 1826:512 1823:128 1811:128 1808:128 1797:512 1794:128 1782:128 1779:128 1713:40 1681:160 1669:616 1652:MFM 1646:MFM 1643:MFM 1639:MFM 1622:DD 1536:No 1519:BPB 1330:720 1324:616 1204:128 1195:128 1184:128 1175:128 1147:10 1127:35 1104:90 1087:FM 1081:MFM 1077:MFM 1063:SD 862:SYS 833:ASM 804:DIR 420:IBM 373:PIP 175:x86 166:N/A 86:DOS 4522:: 3850:.) 3821:. 3807:.) 3689:^ 3668:. 3648:.) 3624:, 3620:. 3563:^ 3533:. 3527:. 3504:^ 3483:. 3443:. 3405:. 3371:. 3295:. 3289:. 3255:. 3216:. 3190:. 3182:. 3164:; 3128:; 3124:; 3073:^ 3032:^ 3016:. 2998:; 2963:. 2945:. 2930:^ 2911:. 2892:. 2865:. 2855:. 2838:^ 2815:. 2783:^ 2765:. 2757:. 2747:. 2723:; 2719:; 2711:; 2698:^ 2681:. 2417:^ 2398:^ 2303:. 2285:No 2282:No 2279:No 2276:No 2273:No 2270:No 2267:No 2150:1 2092:? 2034:0 2005:1 1984:6? 1916:2 1887:1 1858:2 1771:2 1742:8 1736:18 1724:26 1721:26 1710:40 1707:40 1704:77 1701:77 1698:77 1695:77 1692:77 1678:90 1649:FM 1635:FM 1631:FM 1619:DD 1616:SD 1613:DD 1610:DD 1606:DD 1602:SD 1598:SD 1533:No 1530:No 1527:No 1524:No 1433:0 1393:? 1373:0 1353:? 1341:6? 1313:— 1310:64 1301:64 1267:2 1227:1 1167:1 1144:18 1135:26 1124:40 1121:77 1118:77 1115:77 1084:FM 1072:FM 1060:SD 1057:DD 1053:DD 1048:SD 999:. 926:, 882:, 683:. 638:/ 350:. 304:. 241:, 3963:e 3956:t 3949:v 3915:. 3874:. 3836:. 3793:. 3755:. 3682:. 3634:. 3556:. 3535:8 3493:. 3458:. 3425:. 3384:. 3357:. 3297:8 3268:. 3231:. 3203:) 3198:. 3105:. 3062:. 3026:. 2977:. 2924:. 2876:. 2863:8 2832:. 2778:) 2773:. 2692:. 2392:. 2147:1 2144:1 2141:1 2138:1 2135:1 2132:1 2129:1 2089:? 2086:? 2083:? 2080:? 2077:? 2074:? 2071:? 2057:? 2051:? 2048:? 2042:? 2031:0 2028:0 2025:0 2022:0 2019:0 2016:0 2013:0 2002:1 1999:4 1996:2 1993:? 1990:1 1987:6 1913:2 1910:2 1907:2 1904:2 1901:2 1898:2 1895:2 1884:1 1878:1 1875:1 1872:1 1869:1 1855:1 1852:2 1849:1 1846:1 1843:1 1840:4 1837:4 1768:1 1765:1 1762:2 1759:2 1756:1 1753:1 1750:1 1739:8 1733:8 1730:8 1727:8 1430:1 1427:1 1424:1 1421:1 1390:? 1387:? 1384:? 1381:? 1370:0 1367:0 1364:0 1361:0 1350:? 1347:? 1344:? 1307:? 1304:? 1264:2 1261:2 1258:2 1255:2 1241:1 1238:1 1224:2 1221:1 1218:1 1215:4 1164:1 1161:2 1158:1 1155:1 1141:8 1138:8 218:) 214:( 132:) 112:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index