233:, the U.S. Supreme Court attempted to draw a limit on the extent to which campaign finance laws could regulate speech about politics. The Court's answer was that campaign finance laws could reach only party and candidate committees, organizations with the major purpose of electing candidates, or speech that "expressly advocated" the election or defeat of candidates. The determination of whether a group had the major purpose of electing candidates depended, in turn, on whether "express advocacy" was the group's primary activity. In footnote 6 of the Buckley opinion, the Court limited "express advocacy" to words and phrases such as "Smith for Congress", "elect", "defeat", or other specific calls for action to vote for or against a candidate. Thus, organizations could run ads discussing candidates and issues without being subject to campaign finance restrictions, so long as they avoided such express advocacy.
283:) which, like 527s, can raise unlimited amounts of money from individuals, unions, associations and corporations to influence elections. Speechnow.org v. Federal Election Commission, 599 F.3d 686, (U.S.C.A. D.C. 2010). These PACs must also disclose their finances to the FEC and cannot coordinate with candidates or political parties. The difference is that the Super PACs must "expressly advocate" for or against a candidate. The Speechnow.org and Citizens United decisions made 527s much less valuable as a medium of political communication, and their use declined substantially in the elections of 2010 and 2012 .
295:– RADM James J. Carey, USN (ret), chairman of the National Defense PAC, along with the PAC and a prospective donor, brought suit after the FEC deadlocked on a 2010 Advisory Opinion Request (see AO 2010-20), in which the PAC sought permission to operate both an independent expenditure PAC and a traditional PAC that could make contributions to candidates and was subject to fundraising restrictions. Carey's victory in the court now allows organizations to operate both traditional and "Super" PACs.
38:
357:
Under federal election law, coordination between an election campaign and a 527 group is not allowed. The heavy spending of key 527 groups to attack presidential candidates brought complaints to the
Federal Elections Commission of illegal coordination between the groups and rival political campaigns.
405:
In 2006 and 2007 the FEC fined a number of organizations, including MoveOn and Swift Boat
Veterans for Truth, for violations arising from the 2004 campaign. The FEC's rationale was that these groups had specifically advocated the election or defeat of candidates, thus making them subject to federal
303:
A February 2010 poll from the Pew
Research Center found that 68 percent of Americans disapprove of the Supreme Court's decision to allow corporations to make expenditures on behalf of candidates during elections. Seventeen percent approve of the expenditures, and 15 percent of respondents said they
267:
In
January 2010, the Supreme Court held that the government may not keep corporations or unions from spending money to support or denounce individual candidates in elections. While corporations or unions may not give money directly to campaigns or coordinate their activity with campaigns, they may
251:
rules, but concluded that the law did not cover these independent 527 organizations unless they directly advocated the election or defeat of a candidate or engaged in broadcast advertising mentioning within the 30- and 60-day windows specified by
Congress in the McCain-Feingold law. Nevertheless,
236:
The McCain-Feingold law, also known as the
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, extended certain campaign finance limitations to broadcast advertisements run within 60 days of a general election or 30 days of a primary election if they mentioned a candidate, regardless of whether or not they contained
350:. A reported $ 9.45 million came from just 3 private individuals. On the liberal side, contributor George Soros contributed $ 23.7 million to 527s, and Peter Lewis of Progressive Insurance contributed another $ 23.2 million to 527s in 2004. Prominent 527s that supported Democrats included
1509:
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities. Democratic/liberal leaning groups are highlighted in blue, Republican/conservative leaning groups are highlighted in pink.
2231:*Joint Victory Campaign 2004 is a joint fund-raising committee run by America Coming Together and the Media Fund. Money raised by JVC is divided between these two beneficiaries. Combining receipts for these three groups would result in
2517:
2439:
177:", and political parties are "527s". However, in common practice the term is usually applied only to such organizations that are not regulated under state or federal campaign finance laws because they do not
1887:
A total of $ 439,709,105 was spent by these organizations alone, $ 307,324,096 of which was spent by
Democratic/liberal groups and $ 132,385,009 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
1177:
A total of $ 303,309,245 was spent by these organizations alone, $ 178,397,267 of which was spent by
Democratic/liberal groups and $ 117,112,322 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
810:
A total of $ 415,784,148 was spent by these organizations alone, $ 214,580,543 of which was spent by
Republican/conservative groups and $ 201,203,605 of which was spent by Democratic/liberal groups.
1513:
A total of $ 171,045,165 was spent by these organizations alone, $ 121,665,587 of which was spent by
Democratic/liberal groups and $ 49,379,578 of which was spent by Republican/conservative groups.
184:
There are no upper limits on contributions to 527s and no restrictions on who may contribute. There are no spending limits imposed on these organizations. The organizations must register with the
260:
On September 18, 2009, the Federal Appeals Court in Washington, D.C., ruled that these groups have a First Amendment right to raise and spend freely to influence elections so long as they do not
247:(FEC) to use its regulatory power to extend campaign finance laws to cover these groups. The Commission held hearings in April 2004 to determine whether or not 527s should be regulated under
2521:
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paid for by anonymous business groups. According to the pollster, 41 percent said that it would not matter, and 9 percent said they would be more likely to back the candidate.
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In July 2010, the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ruling in Speechnow.org v. Federal Election Commission struck down fundraising limits on
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Federal Election Commission rulings after the 2004 election attempted to extend the reach of the law to advertisements which questioned a candidate's
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Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
1150:
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
783:
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
419:
Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities.
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338:, which limited the ability of political parties to raise money, 527s rose to much greater prominence and visibility.
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Technically, almost all political committees, including state, local, and federal candidate committees, traditional
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for specific candidates or coordinate with any candidate's campaign, many 527s are used to raise money to spend on
280:
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Internal Revenue Code section 527 was enacted as part of Public Law No. 93-625 on January 3, 1975. In the case of
174:
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2545:"ELECTION 2004 / 2 Texans dig deep for boat vet ads / Pair from Dallas kick in $ 3 million for group's coffers"
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Pub. L. No. 93-625, sec. 10(a) (Jan. 3, 1975), effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 1974.
2313:"What are 527's? | Who Donates? | Where does the money go? Government Regulation | Ethics"
1926:
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188:(IRS), publicly disclose their donors and file periodic reports of contributions and expenditures.
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was one such group, which ran controversial and highly effective ads critical of the 2004
8:
2933:
2597:"Top Individual Contributors to Federally Focused 527 Organizations, 2004 Election Cycle"
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237:"express advocacy". The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of this provision in
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poll found that 47 percent of Americans say they would be less likely to support a
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166:, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state or local public office.
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Although 527 organizations were in common use by the 1990s, in the wake of the
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1308:
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3101:
2440:"Former FEC Chair Smith joins litigation team to create "Super-Duper" PACs"
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2193:
2147:
323:
2619:"FEC Collects $ 630,000 in Civil Penalties from Three 527 Organizations"
409:
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regulation and its limits on contributions to the organizations.
2621:. Federal Election Commission. December 13, 2006. Archived from
2292:
The Center for Public Integrity, 527 Frequently Asked Questions
158:). A 527 group is created primarily to influence the selection,
2496:"Wyly Brothers Gave Millions To Over 200 Republican Candidates"
2294:
http://projects.publicintegrity.org/527/default.aspx?act=faq#5
2024:
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
1632:
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
1368:
1069:
866:
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
531:
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees
2573:. Texans for Public Justice (self-published). Archived from
3019:
2567:"Bob Perry - The Man Behind Swift Boat Veterans for Truth"
2481:"End Citizens United PAC wants to make its name a reality"
1232:
American Federation of State, County, Municipal Employees
1133:
American Federation of State, County, Municipal Employees
2442:. Republican National Lawyers Association. Archived from
256:
and fitness for office off limits to 527s specifically.
2645:"Top 50 Federally Focused Organizations | OpenSecrets"
410:
Top 20 federally focused and state focused 527 groups
2811:"Kerry files FEC complaint against swift boat group"
2670:"State-Focused 527 Organizations Only | OpenSecrets"
181:
for the election or defeat of a candidate or party.
2765:
527s: Advocacy Group Spending in the 2010 Elections
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2696:
2694:
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243:. Based on that decision, many persons urged the
3152:
2395:"Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission"
2377:"Court Backs Outside Groups' Political Spending"
2687:
2536:
1696:International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
1086:International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
2466:"Midterm Election Challenges for Both Parties"
2345:"Ready to Attack Obama, if Some Money Arrives"
1804:Laborers' International Union of North America
2832:
2745:
2743:
2730:
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264:their activities with a candidate or a party.
199:and voter mobilization. Examples of 527s are
2559:
2260:Campaign finance reform in the United States
329:
2791:Tax Information for Political Organizations
2510:
699:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
268:seek to persuade the voting public through
2839:
2825:
2740:
2725:
2518:"Swift Vets Top Contributors, 2004 Cycle"
2468:. Pew Research Center. February 12, 2010.
1773:Democratic Attorneys General Association
1758:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
1430:Democratic Attorneys General Association
1353:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
1279:American Solutions for Winning the Future
1055:Democratic Attorneys General Association
978:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
898:American Solutions for Winning the Future
608:Democratic Attorneys General Association
561:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
546:Republican Attorneys General Association
382:of coordinating their efforts with the
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
768:
240:McConnell v. Federal Election Commission
146:organized under Section 527 of the U.S.
2801:"RNC opens assault on anti-Bush groups"
2437:
397:of coordinating their efforts with the
14:
3153:
2774:Top 50 Federally Focused Organizations
2735:Top 50 Federally Focused Organizations
2701:Top 50 Federally Focused Organizations
2478:
2117:Republican State Leadership Committee
1855:
1617:Republican State Leadership Committee
1504:
1294:Republican State Leadership Committee
1145:
778:
443:, neutral groups are not highlighted.
414:
3171:Campaign finance in the United States
2912:Major industrial and business lobbies
2820:
2542:
2493:
2255:Campaign finance in the United States
2072:College Republican National Committee
1960:Service Employees International Union
1788:College Republican National Committee
1554:Service Employees International Union
1399:College Republican National Committee
1247:Service Employees International Union
994:College Republican National Committee
914:Service Employees International Union
882:Republican State Leadership Committee
593:Service Employees International Union
515:Republican State Leadership Committee
279:-only committees, (commonly known as
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
27:Type of U.S. tax-exempt organization
2781:Silent Partners (527 Organizations)
2342:
1025:Citizens for Strength and Security
24:
2479:Frumin, Aliyah (August 20, 2015).
358:These formal complaints included:
354:, MoveOn.org, and the Media Fund.
25:
3182:
2758:
2750:State-Focused 527 Committees Only
2720:State-Focused 527 Committees Only
2438:Marston, Chris (April 27, 2011).
298:
2547:. Houston Chronicle. pp. A8
2008:Democratic Governors Association
1992:Republican Governors Association
1849:June 30, 2008. Source: Source:
1570:Democratic Governors Association
1538:Republican Governors Association
1217:Democratic Governors Association
1201:Republican Governors Association
850:Democratic Governors Association
834:Republican Governors Association
743:National Association of Realtors
483:Democratic Governors Association
467:Republican Governors Association
222:
36:
2662:
2637:
2611:
2589:
2543:Frank, John (October 5, 2004).
2487:
2472:
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639:American Federation of Teachers
213:Progress for America Voter Fund
47:needs additional citations for
2494:Baram, Marcus (May 25, 2011).
2431:
2409:
2387:
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2366:, 581 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2009).
2357:
2343:Luo, Michael (June 12, 2008).
2336:
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1010:National Education Association
336:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
270:independent expenditure groups
13:
1:
2848:Lobbying in the United States
2520:. opensecrets. Archived from
2280:
2265:Issue versus express advocacy
2210:League of Conservation Voters
2103:Citizens for a Strong Senate
2040:Swift Vets and POWs for Truth
395:Swift Boat Veterans for Truth
364:Republican National Committee
201:Swift Boat Veterans for Truth
2179:Voices for Working Families
714:American Comeback Committee
7:
2785:Center for Public Integrity
2238:
1927:Joint Victory Campaign 2004
1475:
245:Federal Election Commission
171:political action committees
10:
3187:
2968:Major single-issue lobbies
2876:Political action committee
2813:, CNN.com, August 21, 2004
2275:Political action committee
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1880:groups are highlighted in
1868:groups are highlighted in
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1170:groups are highlighted in
1158:groups are highlighted in
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803:groups are highlighted in
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439:groups are highlighted in
427:groups are highlighted in
217:Secretary of State Project
3132:
3033:
2967:
2911:
2863:
2854:
2221:
1845:
330:2004 election controversy
2795:Internal Revenue Service
186:Internal Revenue Service
1911:America Coming Together
1835:Bluegrass Freedom Fund
1742:America Coming Together
399:George W. Bush campaign
376:America Coming Together
352:America Coming Together
277:independent expenditure
209:America Coming Together
144:tax-exempt organization
1384:Patriot Majority Fund
3161:Internal Revenue Code
2903:Legislative scorecard
2787:, publicintegrity.org
2524:on September 30, 2007
2383:. September 19, 2009.
2315:. Stanford University
1726:Economic Freedom Fund
1338:The Fund for America
772:March 2021. Sources:
758:A Stronger Wisconsin
728:Garden State Forward
684:State Victory Action
391:John Kerry's campaign
191:Because they may not
148:Internal Revenue Code
3140:Congressional caucus
2088:New Democrat Network
1976:Progress For America
1878:conservative leaning
1820:Progressive Majority
1680:Progress for America
1491:Progressive Majority
1476:All Children Matter
1168:conservative leaning
789:conservative leaning
670:A Stronger Michigan
425:conservative leaning
389:On August 20, 2004,
362:On May 5, 2004, the
179:"expressly advocate"
56:improve this article
2674:www.opensecrets.org
2649:www.opensecrets.org
2625:on February 8, 2012
2364:EMILY's List v. FEC
2270:Opposition research
1856:2004 election cycle
1505:2006 election cycle
1146:2008 election cycle
1040:American Crossroads
779:2010 election cycle
415:2018 election cycle
384:John Kerry campaign
2990:Federal leadership
2381:The New York Times
2350:The New York Times
2299:2011-04-11 at the
1902:2004 Expenditures
1529:2006 Expenditures
1192:2008 Expenditures
825:2010 Expenditures
458:2018 Expenditures
193:expressly advocate
142:is a type of U.S.
71:"527 organization"
3166:527 organizations
3148:
3147:
3107:Anti-Israel lobby
3083:
2752:, opensecrets.org
2737:, opensecrets.org
2722:, opensecrets.org
2703:, opensecrets.org
2498:. Huffington Post
2446:on March 12, 2012
2229:
2228:
1899:2004 Fundraising
1853:
1852:
1526:2006 Fundraising
1502:
1501:
1189:2008 Fundraising
1143:
1142:
822:2010 Fundraising
776:
775:
455:2018 Fundraising
322:was supported by
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
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3081:
2893:Campaign finance
2888:527 organization
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2325:
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1889:
1516:
1515:
1180:
1179:
813:
812:
446:
445:
344:Democratic Party
307:An October 2010
249:campaign finance
230:Buckley v. Valeo
136:527 organization
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:
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3151:
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3029:
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2939:Organized labor
2907:
2871:Direct lobbying
2859:
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2756:
2748:
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2726:
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2577:on May 28, 2007
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2306:
2301:Wayback Machine
2291:
2287:
2283:
2241:
2233:double-counting
2225:June 30, 2008.
2132:Club for Growth
1866:liberal leaning
1858:
1711:September Fund
1648:Club for Growth
1520:
1507:
1461:Citizens United
1415:RightChange.com
1156:liberal leaning
1148:
930:Citizens United
801:liberal leaning
781:
623:Citizens United
437:liberal leaning
417:
412:
332:
301:
225:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
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3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3043:
3041:
3039:ethnic lobbies
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3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Foreign policy
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Administration
2971:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:Transportation
2956:
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2946:
2944:Pharmaceutical
2941:
2936:
2931:
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2759:External links
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1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:Laborers Union
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
991:
987:
986:
983:
980:
975:
971:
970:
967:
964:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
943:
939:
938:
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932:
927:
923:
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911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
895:
891:
890:
887:
884:
879:
875:
874:
871:
868:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
847:
843:
842:
841:$ 131,823,354
839:
838:$ 117,129,464
836:
831:
827:
826:
823:
820:
817:
780:
777:
774:
773:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
752:
751:
748:
745:
740:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
708:
707:
704:
701:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
663:
660:
657:
655:Laborers Union
652:
648:
647:
644:
641:
636:
632:
631:
628:
625:
620:
616:
615:
612:
609:
606:
602:
601:
598:
595:
590:
586:
585:
582:
579:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
558:
554:
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550:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
533:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
496:
492:
491:
488:
485:
480:
476:
475:
474:$ 167,835,847
472:
471:$ 150,387,931
469:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
450:
416:
413:
411:
408:
403:
402:
387:
372:The Media Fund
331:
328:
300:
299:Public opinion
297:
285:
284:
273:
265:
224:
221:
205:The Media Fund
197:issue advocacy
152:26 U.S.C.
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3183:
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3088:
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3082:(Anti Castro)
3080:
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3060:
3058:
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3011:
3008:
3006:
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3001:
2998:
2996:
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2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Environmental
2983:
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2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
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2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
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2842:
2837:
2835:
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2828:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2807:, May 6, 2004
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
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2779:
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2772:
2771:
2770:
2766:
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2736:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2599:. OpenSecrets
2598:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2546:
2539:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2461:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2419:. OpenSecrets
2418:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:$ 11,943,415
2138:
2136:$ 10,645,976
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2123:$ 10,682,312
2122:
2120:$ 10,762,907
2119:
2113:
2112:
2109:$ 10,228,515
2108:
2106:$ 10,853,730
2105:
2099:
2098:
2095:$ 12,524,063
2094:
2092:$ 12,726,158
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2079:$ 17,260,655
2078:
2076:$ 12,780,126
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:$ 21,565,803
2062:
2060:$ 12,956,215
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:$ 22,565,360
2046:
2044:$ 17,008,090
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:$ 22,332,587
2030:
2028:$ 22,227,050
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2015:$ 24,125,938
2014:
2012:$ 24,172,761
2011:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:$ 34,301,889
1998:
1996:$ 33,848,421
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:$ 35,631,378
1982:
1980:$ 44,929,174
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1967:$ 47,695,646
1966:
1964:$ 48,385,367
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:$ 57,694,580
1950:
1948:$ 59,414,183
1947:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1935:$ 72,588,053
1934:
1932:$ 71,811,666
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:$ 78,040,480
1917:
1915:$ 79,795,487
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1795:$ 10,260,343
1794:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:$ 13,000,574
1686:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Change to Win
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1623:$ 10,132,510
1622:
1620:$ 11,340,863
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:$ 11,128,005
1608:
1606:$ 11,776,201
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1593:$ 14,106,236
1592:
1590:$ 14,391,893
1589:
1587:
1586:America Votes
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:$ 18,526,787
1573:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:$ 28,212,510
1560:
1558:$ 25,053,546
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:$ 15,993,537
1544:
1542:$ 28,798,367
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:$ 12,665,087
1359:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:$ 12,142,044
1343:
1341:$ 12,142,046
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:$ 12,910,515
1329:
1327:$ 13,659,555
1326:
1324:EMILY'S List
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:$ 13,917,202
1312:
1310:
1309:Change to Win
1304:
1303:
1300:$ 20,981,193
1299:
1297:$ 19,961,136
1296:
1290:
1289:
1286:$ 22,966,088
1285:
1283:$ 22,722,547
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1270:$ 24,491,324
1269:
1267:$ 25,959,173
1266:
1264:
1263:America Votes
1258:
1257:
1254:$ 27,839,177
1253:
1251:$ 27,432,667
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1238:$ 30,652,149
1237:
1235:$ 32,867,824
1234:
1228:
1227:
1224:$ 26,376,784
1223:
1221:$ 35,831,960
1220:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:$ 44,625,517
1207:
1205:$ 58,942,154
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
989:
988:
985:$ 10,949,775
984:
981:
979:
973:
972:
969:$ 11,237,974
968:
965:
963:
962:America Votes
957:
956:
953:$ 10,439,329
952:
949:
947:
941:
940:
936:
933:
931:
925:
924:
921:$ 15,534,072
920:
918:$ 14,923,663
917:
915:
909:
908:
905:$ 28,419,764
904:
902:$ 28,233,447
901:
899:
893:
892:
889:$ 29,911,967
888:
886:$ 29,504,912
885:
883:
877:
876:
873:$ 46,520,548
872:
870:$ 47,068,586
869:
867:
861:
860:
857:$ 64,708,253
856:
854:$ 55,362,218
853:
851:
845:
844:
840:
837:
835:
829:
828:
824:
821:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
771:
767:
764:$ 12,062,035
763:
761:$ 12,062,035
760:
754:
753:
749:
747:$ 13,405,000
746:
744:
741:
738:
737:
733:
731:$ 13,742,250
730:
724:
723:
720:$ 15,839,410
719:
717:$ 14,117,837
716:
710:
709:
706:$ 13,413,926
705:
703:$ 14,221,188
702:
700:
694:
693:
690:$ 14,713,267
689:
687:$ 14,905,000
686:
680:
679:
676:$ 15,138,049
675:
673:$ 15,138,050
672:
666:
665:
662:$ 16,024,116
661:
659:$ 15,974,447
658:
656:
650:
649:
646:$ 21,072,933
645:
643:$ 17,927,893
642:
640:
634:
633:
630:$ 18,828,337
629:
627:$ 18,526,147
626:
624:
618:
617:
614:$ 20,503,622
613:
611:$ 20,373,246
610:
604:
603:
600:$ 29,319,705
599:
597:$ 27,465,223
596:
594:
588:
587:
584:$ 26,332,838
583:
581:$ 28,529,793
580:
578:
572:
571:
568:$ 32,203,180
567:
565:$ 32,918,509
564:
562:
556:
555:
552:$ 50,936,229
551:
549:$ 40,640,124
548:
542:
541:
538:$ 40,318,034
537:
535:$ 41,390,913
534:
532:
526:
525:
522:$ 49,998,382
521:
519:$ 45,283,573
518:
516:
510:
509:
506:$ 74,272,425
505:
503:$ 92,101,947
502:
500:
494:
493:
490:$ 96,371,376
489:
487:$ 95,779,024
486:
484:
478:
477:
473:
470:
468:
462:
461:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
407:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:
381:
380:America Votes
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
327:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
305:
304:were unsure.
296:
294:
290:
282:
278:
274:
271:
266:
263:
259:
258:
257:
255:
250:
246:
242:
241:
234:
232:
231:
223:Legal history
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
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72:
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67:Find sources:
61:
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51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3102:Jewish lobby
3062:Saudi Arabia
2919:Agricultural
2887:
2677:. Retrieved
2673:
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2623:the original
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:the original
2570:
2561:
2551:February 12,
2549:. Retrieved
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2489:
2474:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:the original
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:"Super PACs"
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2397:. SCOTUSblog
2389:
2380:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2319:November 16,
2317:. Retrieved
2307:
2288:
2230:
2222:
2217:$ 5,078,116
2214:$ 6,049,500
2201:$ 6,473,110
2198:$ 6,583,572
2185:$ 7,202,695
2182:$ 7,466,056
2171:$ 8,100,752
2168:$ 7,739,946
2164:EMILY's List
2155:$ 6,261,811
2152:$ 8,727,127
1886:
1881:
1869:
1859:
1846:
1841:$ 3,135,863
1838:$ 3,150,125
1827:$ 4,845,486
1824:$ 3,262,427
1811:$ 3,762,110
1808:$ 3,688,250
1792:$ 3,720,110
1779:$ 2,630,350
1776:$ 4,083,576
1765:$ 3,928,487
1762:$ 4,365,495
1749:$ 6,998,238
1746:$ 4,494,107
1733:$ 4,835,805
1730:$ 5,050,450
1717:$ 4,950,861
1714:$ 5,230,500
1703:$ 5,529,067
1700:$ 5,538,113
1684:$ 6,175,025
1671:$ 2,592,376
1668:$ 7,061,423
1655:$ 8,157,383
1652:$ 7,217,080
1639:$ 8,336,574
1636:$ 9,599,404
1602:EMILY's List
1577:$ 8,508,850
1512:
1508:
1498:$ 7,444,825
1495:$ 5,743,779
1482:$ 3,368,861
1479:$ 6,031,500
1468:$ 6,016,215
1465:$ 6,477,080
1452:$ 6,957,280
1449:$ 6,480,432
1436:$ 5,441,100
1433:$ 6,704,076
1422:$ 5,578,187
1419:$ 6,736,563
1406:$ 7,537,976
1403:$ 6,956,285
1390:$ 8,108,121
1387:$ 8,266,627
1376:$ 9,407,146
1373:$ 9,322,764
1357:$ 9,989,627
1316:$ 7,799,656
1176:
1171:
1159:
1149:
1139:$ 4,121,846
1136:$ 4,123,743
1125:$ 4,361,153
1122:$ 4,578,278
1109:$ 4,719,415
1106:$ 4,994,165
1093:$ 6,685,747
1090:$ 5,354,930
1077:$ 5,210,328
1074:$ 5,600,547
1061:$ 7,206,207
1058:$ 6,365,202
1047:$ 1,408,323
1044:$ 6,700,312
1031:$ 7,216,173
1028:$ 7,127,814
1017:$ 7,503,113
1014:$ 7,394,838
1001:$ 8,621,662
998:$ 8,389,738
982:$ 8,684,721
966:$ 8,883,561
950:$ 9,001,964
946:EMILY's List
937:$ 9,185,145
934:$ 9,211,311
809:
804:
792:
782:
769:
750:$ 9,017,937
734:$ 4,981,083
577:EMILY's List
440:
428:
418:
404:
356:
333:
306:
302:
292:
288:
286:
238:
235:
228:
226:
190:
183:
168:
139:
135:
133:
118:
112:October 2008
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
3010:Immigration
2769:OpenSecrets
2148:Sierra Club
346:candidate,
324:advertising
3155:Categories
2881:Hybrid PAC
2571:fact sheet
2281:References
2056:MoveOn.org
1944:Media Fund
1874:Republican
1862:Democratic
1445:UNITE HERE
1164:Republican
1152:Democratic
797:Democratic
785:Republican
433:Democratic
421:Republican
368:MoveOn.org
348:John Kerry
340:Swift Boat
281:Super PACs
262:coordinate
215:, and the
175:Super PACs
160:nomination
156:§ 527
82:newspapers
2934:Insurance
2797:, irs.gov
2793:from the
2679:March 20,
2654:March 20,
2250:501(c)(4)
2245:501(c)(3)
316:candidate
313:political
309:Bloomberg
254:character
173:(PACs), "
140:527 group
18:527 group
3133:See also
3114:Pakistan
3035:Diaspora
3020:Retirees
2995:Feminism
2980:Abortion
2949:Software
2629:April 1,
2603:April 1,
2581:April 1,
2528:April 1,
2502:April 1,
2483:. MSNBC.
2450:April 1,
2423:April 1,
2401:April 1,
2297:Archived
2239:See also
393:accused
366:accused
320:campaign
164:election
3092:Ireland
3069:Armenia
2954:Tobacco
2857:History
2805:CNN.com
2194:AFL–CIO
1102:ActBlue
499:ActBlue
318:if his
96:scholar
3119:Turkey
3097:Israel
3087:Greece
2929:Health
2924:Energy
2897:reform
2864:Topics
293:v. FEC
291:et al.
289:Carey
211:, the
154:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3124:Japan
3074:China
3057:Libya
3052:Egypt
3025:Taxes
2783:from
2767:from
2223:As of
1896:Name
1893:Rank
1847:As of
1523:Name
1369:GOPAC
1186:Name
1183:Rank
1070:GOPAC
819:Name
816:Rank
770:As of
452:Name
449:Rank
103:JSTOR
89:books
3079:Cuba
3047:Arab
3037:and
3015:LGBT
3005:Guns
2681:2021
2656:2021
2631:2012
2605:2012
2583:2007
2553:2012
2530:2007
2504:2012
2452:2012
2425:2012
2403:2012
2321:2013
1882:pink
1870:blue
1519:Rank
1172:pink
1160:blue
805:blue
793:pink
441:blue
429:pink
378:and
75:news
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287:In
138:or
58:by
3157::
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