76:
Broadcasts became regular from
January 4, 1937, from 11 to 11:30 am and 8 to 8:30 pm on weekdays and from 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm on Sundays. Grammont performed its tests in 441 lines, the Compagnie Française de Télévision in 450 lines, and
144:
on
September 3, 1939, the military authorities ordered the cessation of broadcasts and took control of the Eiffel Tower transmitter. A few broadcasts were still broadcast episodically for transmitter maintenance purposes.
260:
109:
In 1938, the transmitter, located at the Eiffel Tower, changed to this 455-line format, making it the most advanced and powerful broadcasting system in the world, boasting a transmission power of 30 kW.
58:
was granted a studio on Rue de
Grenelle, Paris for this purpose. The resolution gradually increased from 30 to 60 lines and then to 180 lines by 1935, and the transmitter was located to the
157:
85:
252:
1651:
133:
The Rue de
Grenelle studio closed on July 31, 1939, and after this point, Radiodiffusion Nationale only broadcast films, documentaries, and recorded news using
442:
193:
94:
In July 1938, a decree of the Posts, Telegraphs, and
Telephones Agency defined the French terrestrial television standard as transmitting on 455 lines
322:
98:(46 MHz, positive visual modulation, 25 frames per second), to be adopted throughout France within three years. 455-line TV sets from brands like
65:
Robert
Jardillier, the next Minister of Posts, launched in 1936 a call for tenders to provide television with higher definition, based on the
47:
1644:
503:
2078:
1356:
1280:
1224:
1183:
561:
380:
1637:
1613:
612:
532:
84:
In July 1937, the administration chose the 455-line system designed by
Thomson-Houston, followed by public demonstrations at the
1998:
474:
811:
227:
2108:
1424:
351:
409:
1270:
1206:
289:
1663:
253:"Un héritage méconnu de l'occupation allemande. « Cognacq-Jay et notre télévision en 441 lignes » Partie-1"
111:
431:
91:
Broadcasts using the previous mechanical system continued alongside the new electronic system until April 10, 1938.
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185:
1993:
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1842:
1582:
1346:
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1572:
1419:
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1399:
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962:
220:"441 LIGNES – Histoire de la Télévision en France et dans le monde jusqu'en 1956 – Préambule"
51:
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2014:
1988:
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1016:
553:
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114:(RN Télévision) starts its broadcasts from Paris, and expansion for other cities like
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343:
99:
70:
2246:
2138:
2063:
2019:
1886:
1597:
1429:
401:
281:
2225:
2053:
1967:
1856:
1552:
1547:
1450:
1378:
1366:
1161:
865:
106:, Radioindustrie, CdC, Grammont, and Emyradio began to be sold to the public.
43:
30:
broadcasting norm employed between 1937 and 1939. It was later replaced by the
2312:
1941:
1891:
1770:
1760:
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1972:
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691:
141:
59:
590:
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78:
73:. A test period would follow and enable the best standard to be chosen.
2190:
2123:
2058:
1871:
1384:
1318:
1229:
1188:
66:
24:
50:, provided support to the Compagnie des Compteurs (CdC) in conducting
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671:
119:
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911:
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783:
134:
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763:
152:
took action to sabotage this equipment to prevent its use by the
103:
1796:
891:
827:
687:
161:
153:
16:
1930s analog standard-definition television resolution standard
759:
257:
Association du Centre
Historique de la Diffusion Radiophonique
1962:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1124:
1055:
855:
767:
701:
695:
621:
127:
86:
International
Exposition of Art and Technology in Modern Life
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1178:
1119:
1107:
1102:
1080:
1043:
1038:
683:
115:
126:
is planned. In the spring of 1939, tests are conducted in
1806:
1659:
1166:
755:
585:
313:Union (EBU), European Broadcasting (2022-06-30).
2310:
23:standard, also known as 450-line, was a French
160:decided to repatriate the equipment for their
1645:
606:
620:
344:"Compagnie des Compteurs (CdC) Prewar Sets"
312:
1652:
1638:
613:
599:
432:"The Eiffel Tower Television Installation"
34:format, which remained in use until 1956.
1501:
1499:
2079:Output power of an analog TV transmitter
37:
439:Communication and Broadcast Engineering
2311:
1496:
1493:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
1489:
1487:
2109:Direct-broadcast satellite television
1633:
1531:
632:
594:
429:
1532:
308:
306:
246:
244:
214:
212:
210:
1999:Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)
1484:
13:
14:
2330:
303:
250:
241:
207:
1994:Quadrature amplitude modulation
564:from the original on 2023-07-10
546:
535:from the original on 2023-07-10
517:
506:from the original on 2023-07-10
488:
477:from the original on 2023-07-10
459:
448:from the original on 2023-07-10
412:from the original on 2023-07-10
383:from the original on 2023-07-10
354:from the original on 2023-07-10
325:from the original on 2023-04-28
292:from the original on 2023-07-05
263:from the original on 2022-10-19
230:from the original on 2016-10-17
196:from the original on 2023-07-05
186:"Lines, frames and frequencies"
2158:Television channel frequencies
633:
423:
394:
365:
336:
274:
178:
1:
2129:Digital television transition
1958:Multichannel television sound
998:Field-sequential color system
171:
164:station and replaced it with
2201:Field strength in free space
1902:Horizontal blanking interval
1578:Reverse Standards Conversion
554:"Radioindustrie Prewar Sets"
430:Cruse, Andrew (March 1936).
224:television.441lignes.free.fr
7:
2099:Superheterodyne transmitter
579:
496:"Histoire de la télévision"
467:"Pathe-Marconi Prewar Sets"
402:"Early French Broadcasting"
10:
2335:
1937:Vertical blanking interval
2275:
2239:
2176:
2137:
2007:
1981:
1950:
1912:Nominal analogue blanking
1835:
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879:
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782:
710:
670:
652:
643:
639:
628:
315:"100 years of innovation"
156:. However, in 1942, the
112:Radiodiffusion Nationale
2231:Television interference
2104:Television receive-only
622:Broadcast video formats
558:www.earlytelevision.org
529:www.earlytelevision.org
471:www.earlytelevision.org
406:www.earlytelevision.org
377:www.earlytelevision.org
348:www.earlytelevision.org
286:www.earlytelevision.org
2153:Microwave transmission
2119:Terrestrial television
2114:Television transmitter
2074:Intermediate frequency
1867:Chrominance subcarrier
1588:Television transmitter
373:"Grammont Prewar Sets"
282:"Emyradio Prewar Sets"
54:experiments. Engineer
2319:Television technology
2025:Broadcast transmitter
1573:MPEG transport stream
1400:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
963:Mechanical television
871:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
525:"Philips Prewar Sets"
148:On June 6, 1940, the
71:electronic television
52:mechanical television
38:Historical Background
2267:Zero reference pulse
2252:Field strength meter
1989:Frequency modulation
1897:Horizontal scan rate
1608:Widescreen signaling
1583:Standards conversion
1568:Moving image formats
140:When France entered
2206:Noise (electronics)
2069:Intercarrier method
2029:Transmitter station
1664:broadcasting topics
1563:Display motion blur
500:www.radiopiffret.fr
42:In 1931, in Paris,
2094:Split sound system
2044:Differential phase
1614:Analogue TV Topics
441:. pp. 18–19.
2306:
2305:
2221:Radiation pattern
2039:Differential gain
1661:Analog television
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1405:MPEG Multichannel
1011:
1010:
150:French Resistance
48:Minister of Posts
28:analog television
2326:
2148:Frequency offset
2089:Residual carrier
2034:Cavity amplifier
1932:Television lines
1654:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1603:Video processing
1533:Technical issues
1529:
1528:
1506:
1503:
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1022:
1021:
754:(Color systems:
682:(Color systems:
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158:occupying forces
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2247:Distortionmeter
2235:
2172:
2133:
2064:Frequency mixer
2020:Antenna (radio)
2003:
1977:
1946:
1887:Composite video
1831:
1780:
1666:
1658:
1628:
1619:
1598:Video on demand
1543:14:9 compromise
1534:
1511:
1510:
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1504:
1497:
1492:
1485:
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1434:
1430:MPEG-H 3D Audio
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1234:
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190:www.icce.rug.nl
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79:Thomson-Houston
56:René Barthélémy
40:
25:black-and-white
17:
12:
11:
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2054:Dipole antenna
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2031:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
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2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
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1983:
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1968:Sound-in-Syncs
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1857:Blanking level
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1553:Digital cinema
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1548:Broadcast-safe
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1439:Hidden signals
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880:Hidden signals
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866:Sound-in-Syncs
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81:in 455 lines.
44:Georges Mandel
39:
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2110:
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2100:
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2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1953:
1949:
1943:
1942:White clipper
1940:
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1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
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1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Frame (video)
1890:
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1785:Color systems
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2293:Hanover bars
2084:Pre-emphasis
2008:Transmission
1973:Zweikanalton
1877:Color killer
1802:Clear-Vision
1709:
1154:MPEG-2 Video
987:
692:Clear-Vision
566:. Retrieved
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142:World War II
139:
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108:
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83:
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64:
60:Eiffel Tower
41:
20:
18:
2262:VIT signals
2257:Vectorscope
2196:Earth bulge
2178:Propagation
2141:& bands
2139:Frequencies
1922:Raster scan
1862:Chrominance
1852:Black level
1847:front porch
1612:Templates (
1329:MPEG-H HEVC
1068:Progressive
168:equipment.
2191:Distortion
2124:Transposer
2059:Dummy load
2015:Amplifiers
1982:Modulation
1872:Colorburst
1843:Back porch
1456:Captioning
1258:MPEG-4 AVC
1026:Interlaced
951:Historical
887:Captioning
846:BTSC (MTS)
821:1250 lines
805:1125 lines
634:Television
568:2023-07-10
539:2023-07-10
510:2023-07-10
481:2023-07-10
452:2023-07-10
416:2023-07-10
387:2023-07-10
358:2023-07-10
329:2023-07-05
319:www.ebu.ch
296:2023-07-05
267:2023-07-05
234:2023-07-05
200:2023-07-05
172:References
67:iconoscope
2298:Sparklies
2283:Dot crawl
2276:Artifacts
2216:Path loss
2211:Null fill
2186:Beam tilt
1927:Safe area
1593:Test card
1266:ATSC A/72
1172:DVB 3D-TV
784:819 lines
712:625 lines
672:525 lines
654:405 lines
120:Marseille
2313:Category
2288:Ghosting
2049:Diplexer
1917:Overscan
1882:Color TV
1775:System F
1771:System E
1767:819-line
1761:System N
1757:System L
1753:System K
1749:System I
1745:System H
1741:System G
1737:System D
1733:System C
1729:System B
1725:625-line
1719:System M
1715:525-line
1710:455-line
1705:441-line
1699:System A
1695:405-line
1690:375-line
1685:343-line
1680:180-line
1505:Defunct.
1471:Teletext
1337:ATSC 3.0
993:567-line
988:455-line
983:441-line
978:375-line
973:343-line
968:180-line
958:Pre-1940
912:Teletext
792:System E
720:System B
680:System M
662:System A
580:See also
562:Archived
533:Archived
504:Archived
475:Archived
443:Archived
410:Archived
381:Archived
352:Archived
323:Archived
290:Archived
261:Archived
228:Archived
194:Archived
166:441-line
135:telecine
124:Bordeaux
32:441-line
21:455-line
2240:Testing
1822:PALplus
1672:Systems
1352:ISDB-S3
1301:MobaHo!
1248:MobaHo!
1017:Digital
764:PALplus
251:ACHDR.
104:Philips
1797:NTSC-J
1425:HE-AAC
1347:HD DMB
892:CGMS-A
828:HD-MAC
688:NTSC-J
645:Analog
162:Berlin
46:, the
1963:NICAM
1951:Sound
1836:Video
1827:SECAM
1817:PAL-S
1812:PAL-M
1367:Audio
1319:ABS-S
1291:SBTVD
1230:ABS-S
1189:ABS-S
1132:UHDTV
1125:1080p
1056:1080i
856:NICAM
838:Audio
768:SECAM
760:PAL-N
702:B-MAC
696:PAL-M
446:(PDF)
435:(PDF)
154:Nazis
128:Lille
2226:Skew
1907:Luma
1845:and
1792:NTSC
1461:CPCM
1415:LPCM
1385:AC-4
1375:AC-3
1357:DTMB
1311:AVS2
1296:1seg
1281:DTMB
1271:CMMB
1225:DTMB
1217:AVS+
1207:CMMB
1184:DTMB
1179:ISDB
1162:ATSC
1120:720p
1115:HDTV
1108:576p
1103:480p
1098:EDTV
1091:288p
1086:240p
1081:1seg
1076:LDTV
1051:HDTV
1044:576i
1039:480i
1034:SDTV
1003:OSKM
932:VITC
922:VEIL
851:EIAJ
812:MUSE
684:NTSC
122:and
116:Lyon
69:and
19:The
2168:VHF
2163:UHF
1807:PAL
1557:DCI
1466:EPG
1446:AFD
1420:AAC
1410:PCM
1395:DRA
1390:DTS
1379:5.1
1342:DVB
1286:DVB
1276:DMB
1199:AVS
1167:DVB
942:XDS
937:WSS
927:VIT
917:VBI
907:PDC
902:GCR
897:EPG
861:SAP
774:MAC
756:PAL
586:TF1
96:VHF
2315::
1773:,
1759:,
1755:,
1751:,
1747:,
1743:,
1739:,
1735:,
1731:,
1498:^
1486:^
1142:8K
1137:4K
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2027:/
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1769:(
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1697:(
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770:)
752:N
748:L
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600:v
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.