1124:
Yuga (3 charnas of 1,296,000 solar years), Dvapara Yuga (2 charnas of 864,000 solar years), and Kali Yuga (1 charna of 432,000 solar years). Manvantara equals 71 Mahayugas (306,720,000 solar years). Kalpa (day of Brahma) equals an Adi
Sandhya, 14 Manvantaras, and 14 Sandhya Kalas, where 1st Manvantara preceded by Adi Sandhya and each Manvantara followed by Sandhya Kala, each Sandhya lasting same duration as Satya yuga (1,728,000 solar years), during which the entire earth is submerged in water. Day of Brahma equals 1,000 Mahayugas, the same length for a night of Brahma (Bhagavad-gita 8.17). Brahma lifespan (311.04 trillion solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Parardha is 50 Brahma years and we are in the 2nd half of his life. After 100 years of Brahma, the universe starts with a new Brahma. We are currently in the 28th Kali yuga of the first day of the 51st year of the second Parardha in the reign of the 7th (Vaivasvata) Manu. This is the 51st year of the present Brahma and so about 155 trillion years have elapsed. The current Kali Yuga (Iron Age) began at midnight on 17/18 February 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar.
1083:... The first yuga (Krita) was an age of perfection, lasting 1,728,000 years. The fourth and most degenerate yuga (Kali) began in 3102 BCE and will last 432,000 years. At the close of the Kali yuga, the world will be destroyed by fire and flood, to be re-created as the cycle resumes. In a partially competing vision of time, Vishnu's 10th and final AVATAR, KALKI, is described as bringing the present cosmic cycle to a close by destroying the evil forces that rule the Kali yuga and ushering in an immediate return to the idyllic Krita yuga.
1073:... Since each god-year lasts 360 human years, a mahayuga is 4,320,000 years long in human time. Two thousand mahayugas form one kalpa (eon) , which is itself but one day in the life of Brahma, whose full life lasts 100 years; the present is the midpoint of his life. Each kalpa is followed by an equally long period of abeyance (pralaya), in which the universe is asleep. Seemingly the universe will come to an end at the end of Brahma's life, but Brahmas too are innumerable, and a new universe is reborn with each new Brahma.
279:
524:
observational data. Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count, the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary
Mayanists. All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted. The end of the thirteenth baktun was either on December 21 or 23 of 2012 (
1069:... Each yuga is preceded by an intermediate "dawn" and "dusk." The Krita yuga lasts 4,000 god-years, with a dawn and dusk of 400 god-years each, or a total of 4,800 god-years; Treta a total of 3,600 god-years; Dvapara 2,400 god-years; and Kali (the current yuga) 1,200 god-years. A mahayuga thus lasts 12,000 god-years
1123:
Paraphrased: Deva day equals solar year. Deva lifespan (36,000 solar years) equals 100 360-day years, each 12 months. Mahayuga equals 12,000 Deva (divine) years (4,320,000 solar years), and is divided into 10 charnas consisting of four Yugas: Satya Yuga (4 charnas of 1,728,000 solar years), Treta
523:
scholars as providing the best fit with the ethnohistorical data. Two succeeding dates, the 12th and 13 August (Gregorian) have also been supported, with the 13th (JDN = 584285, the "astronomical" or "Lounsbury" correlation) attracting significant support as according better with astronomical
496:
but also attested in some other (earlier) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point. The system originated sometime in the Mid- to Late
Preclassic period of
980:, p. 19: The instant at which the Age is made to commence is midnight on the meridian of Ujjayini, at the end of the 588,465th and beginning of the 588,466th day (civil reckoning) of the Julian Period, or between the 17th and 18th of February 1612 J.P., or 3102 B.C.
225:
1138:, p. 301: The Hindu astronomers agree that the Kali Yuga began at midnight between February 17 and 18, 3102 BCE. Consequently is due to end about 427,000 CE, whereupon a new Golden Age will dawn.
737:), Voss (2006, p.138), Wagner (2006, pp. 281–283). Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly writes "3113 BC" (when "-3113" is meant), and Miller and Taube 1993's mention of "2 August" is a (presumed) erratum.
221:
683:
796:). See also commentary by Finley (2002), who although making an assessment that the " is now more popular with Mayanists", expresses a personal preference for the 584283 correlation.
217:
213:
515:), using the correlation known as the "Goodman-Martínez-Thompson (GMT) correlation". The GMT-correlation is worked out with the Long Count starting date equivalent to the
1075:* YUGA: Each yuga is progressively shorter than the preceding one, corresponding to a decline in the moral and physical state of humanity. Four such yugas (called
507:-cycle consisting of thirteen b'ak'tuns of 144,000 days each—was projected back to an earlier, mythical date. This date is equivalent to 11 August 3114 BC in the
819:
On the very day, and at the very moment the Lord left the earth, on that very day this Kali, the source of irreligiousness, (in this world), entered here.
2314:
1394:
538:
881:
687:
1330:
133:
792:; sources that have used this 584285 correlation include Houston (1989, p. 51), and in particular Schele and Freidel (1990, pp. 430
384:
megalithic temples, featuring both solar and lunar alignments. "Tarxien period" of megalithic temple construction reaches its apex.
844:
The
Parijata tree proceeded to heaven, and on the same day that Hari departed from the earth the dark-bodied Kali age descended.
340:. Radiocarbon dating showed that it is approximately 5,150 years old, which makes it the oldest wooden wheel yet discovered.
249:
2526:
763:
inscriptions of this period note even longer cycles, while later
Postclassic-era inscriptions in Maya cities of northern
501:, during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. The starting point of the most commonly used highest-order cycle—the
929:
It was on the day on which
Krishna left the Earth and went to heaven that the Kali age, with time for its body set in.
1290:
1259:
1236:
1212:
1179:
1116:
1008:
897:
767:
generally used an abbreviated form known as the Short Count. See Miller and Taube (1993, p. 50); Voss (2006, p. 138).
481:
3114 BC: According to the most widely accepted correlations between the
Western calendar and the calendar systems of
733:
See Finley (2002), Houston (1989, pp. 49–51), Miller and Taube (1993, pp. 50–52), Schele and
Freidel (1990, pp. 430
489:
1323:
670:
1057:
962:
806:
667:
Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene
400:
508:
1154:
1194:
942:
916:
856:
835:
3004:
1316:
512:
1049:
2999:
1045:
242:
1285:. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (Assistant Eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 280–293.
1254:. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.). Cologne: Könemann Press. pp. 130–143.
2519:
498:
325:
1162:
363:
1159:
Translation of the Sûrya-Siddhânta: A text-book of Hindu astronomy, with notes and an appendix
1100:
1096:
954:
869:
Kali Yuga began on the day when Krsna passed on to heaven. Understand how it is calculated.
831:
764:
8:
1108:
924:
889:
864:
814:
492:
cycle occurs in this year. The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the
427:
235:
99:
81:
3009:
2512:
1226:
2743:
2684:
2625:
2566:
1296:
1286:
1265:
1255:
1232:
1208:
1112:
1053:
1004:
958:
893:
516:
493:
27:
943:"Part II, Ch. 6: The Puranas / Part III, Ch. 18: Calendar, Astrology, and Astronomy"
1202:
1000:
594:
582:
2749:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2617:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1041:
1036:
1026:
994:
990:
789:
525:
453:
333:
62:
44:
2925:
2866:
2807:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
996:
Atlantis and the Cycles of Time: Prophecies, Traditions, and Occult
Revelations
503:
457:
442:
394:
381:
2993:
1278:
1247:
1105:
Units of
Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units
1079:... after throws of an Indian game of dice) make up a mahayuga ("great yuga")
1031:
760:
686:. Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from
606:
588:
482:
359:
318:
307:
296:
288:
1300:
1269:
1171:
282:
Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2858:
1222:
616:
314:
2504:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
946:
756:
600:
485:
416:
408:
348:
344:
292:
709:
2539:
1198:
556:
548:
438:
370:
634:
543:
468:
434:
391:
1308:
1277:
Wagner, Elizabeth (2006). "Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography". In
278:
2406:
2222:
2130:
2038:
1946:
1854:
1762:
1670:
1578:
1486:
1176:
The Real Maya Prophecies: Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices
520:
446:
337:
2535:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
611:
555:
began 5,125 years ago and has 426,875 years left as of 2024
464:
303:
267:
1339:
934:
534:
355:
904:
Kali Yuga had started on the very day when Krsna passed away.
423:
412:
404:
388:
377:
329:
1343:
1221:
746:
Miller and Taube (1993, p. 50), Schele and Freidel (1990)
1246:
Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics". In
1228:
A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya
295:. There is a strong possibility that he appears on the
1193:
836:"Book V, Ch. 38: Arjuna burns the dead, etc., Sloka 8"
1129:
1088:
971:
1204:
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya
1027:"Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions"
1025:
807:"Skanda I, Ch. 18: Curse of the Brahmana, Sloka 6"
681:
551:. Lasting for 432,000 years (1,200 divine years),
1276:
2991:
775:
773:
1245:
1169:
1023:
1017:
519:(JDN) equal to 584283, and is accepted by most
917:"Ch. 103, Episode of Krsna concluded, Sloka 8"
815:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
2520:
1324:
1107:. Springer Series in Materials Science: 122.
770:
547:, which is dated to 17/18 February 3102
243:
1155:"Ch. 1: Of the Mean Motions of the Planets."
940:
2534:
1390:
983:
2527:
2513:
1331:
1317:
1103:; Parisi, Jurgen; Warlimont, Hans (eds.).
270:lasting from the year 3200 BC to 3101 BC.
250:
236:
16:One hundred years, from 3200 BC to 3101 BC
755:Most commonly used in the Classic period
299:, although half his name is chipped away.
788:After a modified proposal championed by
684:"World's Oldest Wheel Found in Slovenia"
277:
1152:
1065:* HINDUISM: Myths of time and eternity:
977:
675:
452:c. 3100 BC?: Earliest buildings at the
354:c. 3121 BC?: Beginning of the reign of
2992:
1135:
989:
941:Matchett, Freda; Yano, Michio (2003).
830:
467:build the 250,000-ton (230,000-tonne)
2508:
1338:
1312:
1283:Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest
1252:Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest
1094:
488:, the mythical starting point of the
882:"Ch. 37, Royal Dynasties, Sloka 422"
857:"Ch. 74, Royal Dynasties, Sloka 241"
659:
614:left the earth was the day that the
1157:. In Gangooly, Phanindralal (ed.).
951:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism
13:
475:
369:c. 3100 BC: The earliest phase of
14:
3021:
682:Gasser, Aleksander (March 2003).
669:, in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381–395,
463:c. 3100 BC?: Neolithic people in
1153:Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer (1935) .
1034:; Hawley, John Stratton (eds.).
707:
563:will end in the year 428,899 CE.
490:Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
287:c. 3190–3170 BC?: Reign of King
1182:from the original on 2009-05-23
909:
874:
849:
824:
627:
574:
313:c. 3165–3141 BC: Reign of King
842:. S.P.C.K. Press. p. 61.
799:
782:
749:
740:
727:
701:
415:was the main god worshiped in
407:was the main god worshiped in
401:Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
399:c. 3100 BC?: Beginning of the
1:
1207:. London: Thames and Hudson.
1145:
1097:"Ch. 1.2.4 Time Measurements"
1042:Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
610:(2.103.8) state that the day
1231:. New York: William Morrow.
779:See survey by Finley (2002).
652:
509:proleptic Gregorian calendar
471:solar-oriented passage tomb.
7:
90:
10:
3026:
2800:
2559:
2554:
1172:"The Correlation Question"
714:World History Encyclopedia
343:c. 3141–3121 BC: Reign of
2546:
1350:
1165:. pp. 7–9 (1.13–17).
957:. pp. 139–140, 390.
526:supposed end of the world
513:proleptic Julian calendar
358:, first pharaoh to unify
273:
126:31st century BC
122:32nd century BC
118:33rd century BC
28:4th millennium
1225:; David Freidel (1990).
1170:Finley, Michael (2002).
1024:Merriam-Webster (1999).
645:CE is one year, not two.
567:
665:P. Tallet, D. Laisnay:
511:(or 6 September in the
499:Mesoamerican chronology
326:Ljubljana Marshes Wheel
302:c. 3195–3165 BC?: King
100:31st century
91:32nd century
82:33rd century
63:31st century
54:32nd century
45:33rd century
1163:University of Calcutta
1101:Osgood, Richard M. Jr.
863:. Vol. Part III.
533:3102 BC: According to
380:: Construction of the
332:that was found in the
283:
1095:Gupta, S. V. (2010).
927:. 1955. p. 515.
923:. Vol. Part II.
892:. 1988. p. 824.
888:. Vol. Part II.
867:. 1958. p. 950.
817:. 1950. p. 137.
633:Calculations exclude
281:
1003:. pp. 300–301.
955:Blackwell Publishing
861:The Brahmanda Purana
813:. Vol. Part I.
541:marked the start of
437:settlement built at
373:construction begins.
1374: ← ↔ →
1099:. In Hull, Robert;
925:Motilal Banarsidass
890:Motilal Banarsidass
865:Motilal Banarsidass
428:Minoan civilization
362:and founder of the
310:over most of Egypt.
1178:. Maya Astronomy.
284:
3005:4th millennium BC
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2411:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2319:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2227:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2135:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1859:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1767:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1675:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1583:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1399:
1389:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
840:The Vishnu Purana
757:Maya inscriptions
517:Julian Day Number
494:Maya civilization
260:
259:
226:Disestablishments
201:
195:
189:
183:
177:
169:
163:
157:
151:
145:
103:
94:
85:
66:
57:
48:
31:
3017:
2549:
2548:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2409:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2317:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2225:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2041:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1949:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1857:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1765:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1581:
1570:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1489:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1273:
1242:
1218:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1166:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1111:. pp. 6–8.
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1001:Inner Traditions
991:Godwin, Joscelyn
987:
981:
975:
969:
968:
938:
932:
931:
913:
907:
906:
878:
872:
871:
853:
847:
846:
828:
822:
821:
811:Bhagavata Purana
803:
797:
786:
780:
777:
768:
753:
747:
744:
738:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
708:Mark, Joshua J.
705:
699:
698:
696:
695:
679:
673:
671:available online
663:
646:
644:
640:
631:
625:
604:(2.37.422), and
595:Brahmanda Purana
583:Bhagavata Purana
578:
252:
245:
238:
199:
193:
187:
181:
175:
167:
161:
155:
149:
143:
101:
92:
83:
64:
55:
46:
29:
19:
18:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3000:32nd century BC
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2542:
2533:
2503:
2498:
1381: →
1367: ←
1360:
1358:
1346:
1337:
1307:
1293:
1262:
1239:
1215:
1185:
1183:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1037:Merriam-Webster
1022:
1018:
1011:
988:
984:
976:
972:
965:
939:
935:
915:
914:
910:
900:
886:The Vayu Purana
880:
879:
875:
855:
854:
850:
829:
825:
805:
804:
800:
790:Floyd Lounsbury
787:
783:
778:
771:
754:
750:
745:
741:
732:
728:
718:
716:
706:
702:
693:
691:
680:
676:
664:
660:
655:
650:
649:
642:
638:
632:
628:
579:
575:
570:
539:Krishna's death
535:Puranic sources
478:
476:Calendar epochs
454:Ness of Brodgar
334:Ljubljana Marsh
276:
264:32nd century BC
256:
220:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1291:
1274:
1260:
1243:
1237:
1219:
1213:
1191:
1167:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1117:
1087:
1058:
1046:445 (Hinduism)
1032:Doniger, Wendy
1016:
1009:
982:
970:
963:
933:
908:
898:
873:
848:
823:
798:
781:
769:
748:
739:
726:
700:
674:
657:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
626:
620:ended and the
598:(2.3.74.241),
572:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
530:
529:
477:
474:
473:
472:
461:
458:Orkney Islands
450:
443:Orkney Islands
431:
420:
397:
395:writing system
385:
374:
367:
352:
341:
322:
311:
300:
275:
272:
258:
257:
255:
254:
247:
240:
232:
229:
228:
222:Establishments
210:
209:
205:
204:
203:
202:
196:
190:
184:
178:
171:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
137:
136:
130:
129:
128:
127:
124:
119:
113:
112:
108:
107:
106:
105:
97:
87:
76:
75:
71:
70:
69:
68:
60:
50:
39:
38:
34:
33:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3022:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:30th century
1380:
1376:31st century
1373:
1369:33rd century
1366:
1362:34th century
1357:
1353:32nd century
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:3-8331-1957-8
1288:
1284:
1280:
1279:Nikolai Grube
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1261:3-8331-1957-8
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Nikolai Grube
1244:
1240:
1238:0-688-07456-1
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:Schele, Linda
1220:
1216:
1214:0-500-05068-6
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1118:9783642007378
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1010:9781594778575
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
986:
979:
974:
966:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
930:
926:
922:
921:Brahma Purana
918:
912:
905:
901:
899:81-208-0455-4
895:
891:
887:
883:
877:
870:
866:
862:
858:
852:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:Wilson, H. H.
827:
820:
816:
812:
808:
802:
795:
791:
785:
776:
774:
766:
762:
761:Maya calendar
759:; some other
758:
752:
743:
736:
730:
715:
711:
704:
690:on 2016-08-26
689:
685:
678:
672:
668:
662:
658:
636:
630:
623:
619:
618:
613:
609:
608:
607:Brahma Purana
603:
602:
597:
596:
591:
590:
589:Vishnu Purana
585:
584:
577:
573:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
531:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
495:
491:
487:
484:
483:pre-Columbian
480:
479:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:c. 3100 BC?:
432:
429:
425:
422:c. 3100 BC?:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
396:
393:
390:
387:c. 3100 BC?:
386:
383:
379:
376:c. 3100 BC?:
375:
372:
368:
365:
361:
360:Ancient Egypt
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:Ancient Egypt
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
298:
297:Palermo stone
294:
290:
289:Double Falcon
286:
285:
280:
271:
269:
265:
253:
248:
246:
241:
239:
234:
233:
231:
230:
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:
211:
207:
206:
197:
191:
185:
179:
173:
172:
165:
159:
153:
147:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
132:
131:
125:
123:
120:
117:
116:
115:
114:
111:State leaders
110:
109:
104:
98:
96:
95:
88:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
73:
72:
67:
61:
59:
58:
51:
49:
43:
42:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
26:
25:
21:
20:
2924:
2865:
2806:
2742:
2683:
2624:
2612:
2565:
2407:
2315:
2223:
2131:
2039:
1947:
1855:
1763:
1671:
1579:
1487:
1395:
1352:
1282:
1251:
1227:
1203:
1195:Miller, Mary
1184:. Retrieved
1175:
1158:
1131:
1122:
1104:
1090:
1063:
1035:
1019:
995:
985:
978:Burgess 1935
973:
950:
947:Flood, Gavin
936:
928:
920:
911:
903:
885:
876:
868:
860:
851:
843:
839:
826:
818:
810:
801:
793:
784:
751:
742:
734:
729:
717:. Retrieved
713:
703:
692:. Retrieved
688:the original
677:
666:
661:
629:
621:
617:Dvapara Yuga
615:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
576:
560:
552:
542:
502:
460:constructed.
328:is a wooden
306:reigns from
263:
261:
121:
89:
53:
52:
1136:Godwin 2011
1050:1159 (Yuga)
1044:. pp.
601:Vayu Purana
486:Mesoamerica
449:(pictured).
417:Lower Egypt
409:Upper Egypt
364:1st Dynasty
349:Upper Egypt
345:Scorpion II
324:c. 3138 BC
293:Lower Egypt
208:Categories:
198:3100s
192:3110s
186:3120s
180:3130s
174:3140s
166:3150s
160:3160s
154:3170s
148:3180s
142:3190s
2994:Categories
2552:Millennium
2489:3090
2481:3091
2473:3092
2465:3093
2457:3094
2449:3095
2441:3096
2433:3097
2425:3098
2417:3099
2408:3090s
2397:3100
2389:3101
2381:3102
2373:3103
2365:3104
2357:3105
2349:3106
2341:3107
2333:3108
2325:3109
2316:3100s
2305:3110
2297:3111
2289:3112
2281:3113
2273:3114
2265:3115
2257:3116
2249:3117
2241:3118
2233:3119
2224:3110s
2213:3120
2205:3121
2197:3122
2189:3123
2181:3124
2173:3125
2165:3126
2157:3127
2149:3128
2141:3129
2132:3120s
2121:3130
2113:3131
2105:3132
2097:3133
2089:3134
2081:3135
2073:3136
2065:3137
2057:3138
2049:3139
2040:3130s
2029:3140
2021:3141
2013:3142
2005:3143
1997:3144
1989:3145
1981:3146
1973:3147
1965:3148
1957:3149
1948:3140s
1937:3150
1929:3151
1921:3152
1913:3153
1905:3154
1897:3155
1889:3156
1881:3157
1873:3158
1865:3159
1856:3150s
1845:3160
1837:3161
1829:3162
1821:3163
1813:3164
1805:3165
1797:3166
1789:3167
1781:3168
1773:3169
1764:3160s
1753:3170
1745:3171
1737:3172
1729:3173
1721:3174
1713:3175
1705:3176
1697:3177
1689:3178
1681:3179
1672:3170s
1661:3180
1653:3181
1645:3182
1637:3183
1629:3184
1621:3185
1613:3186
1605:3187
1597:3188
1589:3189
1580:3180s
1569:3190
1561:3191
1553:3192
1545:3193
1537:3194
1529:3195
1521:3196
1513:3197
1505:3198
1497:3199
1488:3190s
1477:3200
1469:3201
1461:3202
1453:3203
1445:3204
1437:3205
1429:3206
1421:3207
1413:3208
1405:3209
1396:3200s
1199:Karl Taube
1186:2007-06-04
1146:References
1059:0877790442
964:0631215352
694:2015-03-30
592:(5.38.8),
586:(1.18.6),
439:Skara Brae
426:: Rise of
371:Stonehenge
22:Millennium
3010:Centuries
2540:millennia
2536:Centuries
710:"Writing"
653:Citations
635:year zero
622:Kali Yuga
561:Kali Yuga
553:Kali Yuga
544:Kali Yuga
469:Newgrange
435:Neolithic
392:cuneiform
382:Ħaġar Qim
74:Timelines
37:Centuries
2560:BC (BCE)
1301:71165439
1270:71165439
1201:(1993).
1180:Archived
1109:Springer
993:(2011).
834:(1895).
719:9 August
641:BCE to 1
521:Mayanist
504:b'ak'tun
447:Scotland
389:Sumerian
338:Slovenia
2801:AD (CE)
2555:Century
1340:Decades
1281:(ed.).
1250:(ed.).
949:(ed.).
794:et seq.
765:Yucatán
735:et seq.
612:Krishna
465:Ireland
456:in the
441:in the
304:Iry-Hor
268:century
134:Decades
1299:
1289:
1268:
1258:
1235:
1211:
1115:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1056:
1007:
961:
896:
643:
639:
624:began.
356:Narmer
308:Abydos
274:Events
266:was a
218:Deaths
214:Births
1344:years
1030:. In
945:. In
568:Notes
424:Crete
413:Neith
405:Horus
378:Malta
330:wheel
2977:30th
2972:29th
2967:28th
2962:27th
2957:26th
2952:25th
2947:24th
2942:23rd
2937:22nd
2932:21st
2918:20th
2913:19th
2908:18th
2903:17th
2898:16th
2893:15th
2888:14th
2883:13th
2878:12th
2873:11th
2859:10th
2750:10th
2736:11th
2731:12th
2726:13th
2721:14th
2716:15th
2711:16th
2706:17th
2701:18th
2696:19th
2691:20th
2677:21st
2672:22nd
2667:23rd
2662:24th
2657:25th
2652:26th
2647:27th
2642:28th
2637:29th
2632:30th
2618:31st
2613:32nd
2608:33rd
2603:34th
2598:35th
2593:36th
2588:37th
2583:38th
2578:39th
2573:40th
2538:and
1342:and
1297:OCLC
1287:ISBN
1266:OCLC
1256:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1005:ISBN
959:ISBN
894:ISBN
721:2021
580:The
262:The
2926:3rd
2867:2nd
2854:9th
2849:8th
2844:7th
2839:6th
2834:5th
2829:4th
2824:3rd
2819:2nd
2814:1st
2808:1st
2795:1st
2790:2nd
2785:3rd
2780:4th
2775:5th
2770:6th
2765:7th
2760:8th
2755:9th
2744:1st
2685:2nd
2626:3rd
2567:4th
637:. 1
549:BCE
347:in
336:in
317:in
291:of
2996::
2491:BC
2483:BC
2475:BC
2467:BC
2459:BC
2451:BC
2443:BC
2435:BC
2427:BC
2419:BC
2410:BC
2399:BC
2391:BC
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2375:BC
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2359:BC
2351:BC
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2335:BC
2327:BC
2318:BC
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2259:BC
2251:BC
2243:BC
2235:BC
2226:BC
2215:BC
2207:BC
2199:BC
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2175:BC
2167:BC
2159:BC
2151:BC
2143:BC
2134:BC
2123:BC
2115:BC
2107:BC
2099:BC
2091:BC
2083:BC
2075:BC
2067:BC
2059:BC
2051:BC
2042:BC
2031:BC
2023:BC
2015:BC
2007:BC
1999:BC
1991:BC
1983:BC
1975:BC
1967:BC
1959:BC
1950:BC
1939:BC
1931:BC
1923:BC
1915:BC
1907:BC
1899:BC
1891:BC
1883:BC
1875:BC
1867:BC
1858:BC
1847:BC
1839:BC
1831:BC
1823:BC
1815:BC
1807:BC
1799:BC
1791:BC
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1739:BC
1731:BC
1723:BC
1715:BC
1707:BC
1699:BC
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1655:BC
1647:BC
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1371:BC
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216:–
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194:BC
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